必修三四复习学案

单元写作学案[同学用书P86]爱的奉献学习谈论中的记叙【题目呈现】(教材84页写作练习)阅读下面的材料，以“牵挂”为话题，写一篇作文。

牵挂是人类从小到老贯穿始终的一种情结。

它是感情的依托，心灵的闪电，精神的升华，是人生七情六欲、喜怒哀乐及生活万象的折射与聚焦。

正由于有了牵挂，人类才有了众多动人心弦的历史，也正由于有了牵挂，生活中才涌现出很多缠绵的故事。

【思路导引】“牵挂”到底是什么？这是一个格外抽象的概念。

在我们身边时刻都存在着牵挂，由于我们每个人都拥有亲情、友情，都会得到父母、伴侣的关怀。

可以说，只要我们生活在社会中，彼此之间就会发生着相关联系，产生牵挂之情。

“牵挂”不仅能反映人与人之间的关系程度，也有助于整个社会的和谐进展。

这个话题涵盖面广，但写作时切口要小，要留意写得巧，写得新，不能泛泛而谈。

本话题写成谈论文为最佳。

文章可接受并列式或正反对比式等结构形式。

【佳作赏析】牵挂是成功的大敌《庄子》里有一个故事：一个下棋能手下棋格外厉害：当他用瓦罐和别人作赌注下棋时，无往不胜；可当他用金银作赌注下棋时就从来没赢过。

为什么呢？庄子说：心有挂碍。

在残酷的战斗中一旦心有牵挂往往意味着失败：虞姬为了不连累项羽最终最终自杀；而项羽对自己的功名耿耿于怀也在乌江自刎。

而我们怎么能想到这个悲剧英雄曾经破釜沉舟、放下一切而以弱胜强，制造了中国军事史上经典的巨鹿之战！而他的敌人刘邦是怎么做的呢？当看到项羽要把自己的父亲绑起来扔下油锅，远远喊话：“不要忘了分我一杯肉羹啊。

”刘邦也是人，可是刘邦忍住了巨大的哀思没有被亲情所牵制，最终成为了汉朝的开国皇帝。

在自然界里，当小狮子长成后，就会被狮群驱除出领地。

很多小狮子饿死了，有的被其他的狮子杀死了。

只有经过大自然无情的优胜劣汰，最强壮的狮子才会活下来，而他们的基因会造就更强壮的后代。

假如狮群牵挂着小狮子的安危，那么最强壮的和最弱小的都获得了生存的机会，这样的种群的衰亡也近在咫尺。

哲学与文化第二单元认识社会与价值选择第六课必背知识复习学案一、课标要求：1、理解价值观的形成与时代和环境密切相关2、解析价值观差异与冲突产生的社会根源，能够进行合理的价值判断和价值选择。

3、理解价值观对人们行为的导向作用，探寻实现人生价值的条件和途径，践行社会主义核心价值观。

二、知识体系三、整合提升1．价值判断和价值选择的判断标准(1)自觉遵循社会发展的客观规律。

(2)自觉站在最广大人民的立场上，把人民群众的利益作为最高的价值标准。

2．自觉站在最广大人民的立场上，一切为了人民，一切依靠人民，全心全意为人民谋利益，是马克思主义的基本立场，也是马克思主义观察、分析和解决问题的根本立足点和出发点。

3．价值的创造和实现(1)弘扬劳动精神，实现人生价值①劳动是人类最基本的实践活动，也是人的存在方式。

人只有在劳动中才能创造和实现自己的价值。

在社会主义社会，劳动是创造美好生活、促进人的自由全面发展的重要手段。

②努力奉献的人是幸福的。

积极投身于为人民服务的实践，是实现人生价值的必由之路，也是拥有幸福人生的根本途径。

(2)在个人与社会的统一中创造和实现价值①社会提供的客观条件是人们创造和实现人生价值的前提。

人在实践活动中创造和实现自己价值的时候，必须利用社会和他人提供的各种物质条件和知识成果。

②人的价值只能在社会中实现。

只有正确处理个人与集体、个人与社会的关系，才能在奉献社会中创造和实现自己的价值。

③我们强调在与社会的统一中创造和实现个人的价值，并不否认追求人的个性发展。

人的个性应表现为对他人、对社会的独特的贡献方式。

(3)在砥砺自我中创造和实现价值(主观因素)①创造和实现人生价值，需要充分发挥主观能动性，需要顽强拼搏、自强不息的精神。

只有奋斗的人生才称得上幸福的人生，奋斗本身就是一种幸福。

②创造和实现人生价值，需要努力增长自己的才干，全面提高个人素质。

③创造和实现人生价值，需要有坚定的理想信念，需要正确价值观的指引。

必修三模块四 Sandstorms in Asia学案必修三模块四 SandAsia学案课型设计与课时分配:d Vocabulary Learning2nd period Speaking（introduunciaaking12）3rd period Intensive Reading(reading and vocabulary)d Grammar (grammar 12)dListening(listening and vocabulary, everyday English)d Extensive Reading(cultural corner)d Writing(writing and task)Period 1 Vocabulary LearningI. 单词重现沙尘暴 n.) ______2. 吓人的可怕的 (adj.) ________使..害怕(v.)___________(感到)害怕的（adj.）_________内陆的(adj.) __________大量的的，规模的(adj.)_______战役活动 (n.) ____________沙丘(n.) ____________沙漠化(n.)__________________ 沙漠(n.) _________遗弃的（adj.）______________进程过程(n.) ______________民市民(n.) _________________10. 沙尘灰尘(n.) _________沾满沙土的（adj）__________预报预告(v. )____________预报员(n.)________________12. 力量力气 (n.) _______________加强增强（v）_________________骑自行车(v.)_________,骑自行车者（n）. __________面罩(n.) __________大气（层），气氛(n.) _________碳 (n.) _____________化学药品(n.) ，化学的（adj.）___________化学（学科）（n.） ___________环境(n.) _________ 周围的，环境的（adj.）________________废料，垃圾(n.)___________20. 融化(vi.) ________融化的，溶解的(adj.) _______21. 污染（n.）________污染(v.) __________22. 再循环 (v.n.) ______________23.沿海的（adj.）__________________海岸线（n.）__________________24.关心的，担心的(adj.)_________________25.证据，证明（n.）____________________明白的明显的（adj.）___________________26.主要的多数的（adj.）_________________多数大半（n.）___________________________27. 紧急的 (adj.)____________________迫切地（adv.）___________________28.污染（v.）____________________污染（n.）____________________29.抱怨（v.）__________________抱怨（n.）____________________30.简单一句话（n.）___________________恐怖的吓人的（adj.）________________恐吓惊吓某人（v.）_____________________32.绝对地完全地（adv.）_________________绝对的（adj.）_______________________保护（n.）________________________保护（v.）___________________________II.短语集锦1.砍到 __________________2. 阻止…干… __________________保护…不受…的侵害 ______________只有做….___________________挖出______________放出发出_________________简言之 ______________醒来后面对…清醒地意识到 ____________________遭遇到…_________________10.吸收欺骗 __________________对…有影响__________________12. 带走拿走 ________________一个接一个地__________________允许某人做…______________________认真严肃地考虑…_________________Ⅲ.单词演练awordleft wdgForecaag so that we can use it agale to changlid to liquid, e.g. ice becomes waPollution aatural develvents that produce gradual changlt to say what will probably haRecycle damagvbecause of dgsMass awho lives in a particular town or coudal power and energy that magMade a bicycllain a large numbUrgant, great Campaign say thadissatisfied, unhappy,…worriedd immediate aad…gth military operaarticular or planned activities with a particular socialal or political aim2 Fillblaaaccordinganing. Changaandan bef__________ just a few hours barrive.2.This boxavy and it’s too mu_________They discussedblem in a friendly a___________As the develand technology, the world is faandus envalp_____________.xkbAs children we should be muchc__________ about our parents’ healDon’t always_________ (抱怨) your paaA ________(化学) change takes place in any substance when it buA________(公民), we should try our bvvUnder the _________(保护)un glasses, our eyes won’t hug ligu0.His suggare _________ (完全地) reasonablDo all the activities about VocabulaxtbludingWorkbook. For example: P31, Activity 12; P33,Activity 23; P35, Activity 1; P86 Activ8.Period 2 Speaking（introduunciaaking12）Talk aboullowing pictuur own words. (Showuand)For example:S1: Iure I can see a man is riding a bike hard. Tllow.T: Can youbuildings clearly?S1: Nalear.T: Thank you, sit down plea2: Id one I can find some buildings, but I calearly. May band or anything like tha: Id one I can see a very tall building only. Tuch sandT: Very good. Thank you: Ixt picture, I can see many people riding bikes wearing masks. The weavery cold, becauwear gloves and more clT: How about the air? Is it clean?S4: The alean. Tg like sandaT: Quite right! S5: Iua strong wind carrying sand. It looks l: In the laabuildings covered wllow duT: Excellent job! Thank you every much. Now, who can tell us wuch sand? The wind that carry sand are called…S7: SandT: Very goodare called sandstorm. If you waw more about sandstorm, let’dule 4 SandAsiaII Warming upT:ur bage 31. Look auur books, what can youure? S1: Ta strong wind carrying sandand a car covered with sand running slowly.T: Right. Now, complusingwordbox. TuAnswers: sandstorm, laghtening, blows, buried,Autes, audaanswT: Faragraph, we caandghtening. Have you ever exd the sandstorm? How does it be created? Before we discuqulet’s look at some wordDig, earthquagn, the Paan(show the wordand explaaningudents. Divide the whole claveral groups to discuss quactivity 2. Then call back the answers)S1:andstorms begin in desert areas. Becauaand gradesert areas. The wind is vg.S2: Climate changing can create dbut nowadadeserts are being enlarged because of huma: Deserts are also created because people cut dowand dig up graT: Why people cut down trees?S3: They want to get woodla: Few years ago, Japan was affected by the sandgwa. And America is also affected by sandare caused by humanity; some aAsia blown aPaan. Sandstorm has been a global issue. T: Very good, thank you. Can we prevent it? S5: Yes. Aur China has carried out many plavent sandstorm. For example, China has formed audy how to prevent sandWe have planted mavery year. Cutting dowunlawful. The deganddeclwe can prevWe believe ourselvT: Quite right. I believe too. Where dandappen?S6: the inland region haandaaa. Becauland is drier thaaa.T: Can you give uason?S6: Dry weaain reaandT: Quite right. You’ve done very well. Factivity, you’ve got muaandandvery bad. It polluair, aur daily life. If you are in a sandstorm what should you do? Now wairs to discussthe quactiv(5 minutes later, call back the answers) S1: If I am in a sandstorm I will wear a mauth and throat, wear a pair of gla2: Besides mask and glasses I will wear a hat. Becauuch sandair, it will make my hair dT: You are right. In a sandu should wear a mask and a hat, a pair of glaalary. Wdangerous, earthquake and sandstorm?S3: Iarthquake. Because in sandstorm we can stay aus, but in earthquake everywdangerous.T: I agree with you. Wa do sandstorms usually happen? Whagn?S4: In the west and northwa: But it also haBeijing: Bandusually a heavy wind and dry wea: Tllow: One alag, when I was at schoolwas yellow. There was much sandThe wind was vg wdain. In fact, it was not rain. It was mud. At thaI thougarthquake was coming. It was vble.T: It was really terrible. Thank you. Now I think all of you have known aboug of sandstorm. The sandble and harmful. We should work hardur envIII Pronunciation and FuP36Lape and ask studunderlwordd and conclude whenand wword will bd. Then ask studactice activity 12. Listen agaght. Ask studlx.3 using exx.12IV Speaking1 2 on PT: Suu are aTa sanduAwaview you abouandake a dialogue about your interview with your pa: Good aI am alocal televation. May I ask you some quabout the sandstorm happenedg?S2:: Wandstorm happened, what were you doing? S2: I was cyclingad: Bandg, did you know it was the sandstorm? Or wgg sandstorm?S2: Yes. I leaandgTV. So I tried hard to ride, but the wind wag: Can you tellgat sandstorm?S2: Fwind was becoming stronger and stronger, it looked lain was coming. I can hardly ride my bike. The duground was whirledAndwas turnedllow. The dust becaand more. I can hardlI knew it would be a sand: It was terrible. Can you give udeavandstorm?S2: From television, we caandstorms are caused by human. Instead of cutting dowand digging grass we should plaand gra: I agree with you. I think aandle will be waken. Thank you.T: Well done. Thank you. Now we have knowandave been caused by the destroyed envAags that are badv?:Yes. For example, coal.T: In what way?Ss: It gland polluaT: You’re rig: Plastic. In our daily lle use many plastic bags and throw them around. Wwind, the plastic bags thrown will fly everyw: In canteen many students use plastic bags to holdal and throw them awaI think we should not uand set a modal: Lgeraand more cars havamilies. They give out mualallIt is bad for our heal: Cuttingwill not only cause sandstorms but also enlarge the sand area. T: Well done, boys and girlwe have known so many things are badvwhat should we dur env?Ss: We should plaur a: We should throw the rubbdustbin andw them anyw: Iant thing we should dganize an organizaake people around us knowavT: Ok, what you talk about is very helpful. Please prepareit after clau want. If you need help, please lw. This class we have leag about sandand have discussed things that polluvlluus, we should try our bur envNow what you should do after claurn your ideaaPeriod 3 Intensive Reading(reading andvocabulary)Pre-readingT: Now I will give you five minutes and read the whole passage quickly, find the answquagTa terrible sand2. She wears a mask, scarf, and heavy clothes. Becaua strong sandTraffic moves very slowly becaudust makes it difficulThe expert advlgo out.AuanswT: Now, who’d l alk abouquestion? Volunteer!S1: I’d lFure I know that a sandstorm happens. Ightening.T: Quite right. Next question? Who want to have a try?S2: Ta woman pulling a bike in a frightening sandstorm. The cyclist wears a mask and a pair of glovwears a hat.T: Thank you, very well. How about next question? S3: The traffic will be very slow, becauanduch sandThe driver cag clearly.T: Quite right. The lawho got the answer?S4: Ixperts advle to stay at home and not go out. While going out, you should wear a maT: Thank you. Sit down please. Now, after we’ve leaxt, we will know howurselva sanduurse, we dau2 ReadingT: Turn your bage 33. Look at the activity 2 3, read the text quickly again and complwo activities. Tu★Skimming:l e (v), exdust, survivast, situation b, b, a, aAutes, audansww the answask studad it silently ★Intensive ReadingT: Read the whole passage very carefully and complete Ex.45 on page 33. While reading underline phrases andat you think aant. Read it silently andget the general ideaassage. 10 minuThe winds in a sandstorm cabe strong enough to move sand du2.When Ren Jianbo was living in Igolia he exd a terrible sanddanda appear to have increasedars as a result of “dation”utting dowand digging up g rass can caulimate changes and make the land become dTraffic moved very slowly becaudust makes it difficulThe govlantingwest of Beijing to prevdg near.(After 10 minutes audanswers and show the answ)asted 2. frightening 3. survived 4. du(After studgive possible answw)ave tried many walvblem anda, a mass campaign has been started to help solv2.You just hadu’d survivanda appear to have increasedarsas a result of “dation”This is aat happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut dowand dig up graWhen a sandstorm arrivweather experts advlgo ouTo be cycling in a sandghteningAlready the govas plantedan 30 billand plaue plantingxt five yea(After havingd the exwaAuday more a)lummaxt:(1st paragraph)Sandave been a major_______ for many Asia countries _____ centuave tried many ways to ____blem anda, a ______ campaign has been started to help solve it.Suggested answers:Sandave been a major disaany Asia couuave tried many walvblem anda, a mass campaign has been started to help solv(2nd paragraph)The windandg enough to move _________. Ren Jianb_____________ described a terriblesand___________ when he was a child. “ to have been ______ in a sanda ____________. There wag ________. It wa_________ anddangerous ________ I have bu just hadu’d _______.Suggested answThe windandg enough to move sand dunes. Ren JianbIgolia described a terrible sandxd when he was a child. “ to have been caught in a sanda terrible exThere wag to be done. It waghtening anddangerous situation I have bu just hadu’d survive.(3rd 4th paragraphs)Sandstorms begin in______ area. Sanda ______ to have basedars as a result of “______________”. This is a ________ that happens because people_________ trees and ________ grass. Sand_______ Beijing. _______ wake up to an orange sky and ______ strong winds that ______abrown-yellow _____. The sand__________ all the day and traffic ______ very slowluggested answers:Sandstorms begin in desert area. Sanda appear to have basedars as a result of “dation”. This is aat happens because people cut dowand dig up grass. Sandaffect Beijingwake up to an orange sky and strong winds that covabrown-yellow dust. The sandue all the day and traffic moves very slowly.(The last two paragraphs)Tal Weather Station can______ a sandweeks barrives in Beijing. Wandstorm arrivweather _______ advl________. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, “to be ______ in a sand_________. It’s difficult to _______g wind and _____ makes me _____u want to go out, you’d better wear a ______.The dly 250 kilawawest of Beijing. To ________g neagovlantinguggested answers:Tal Weather Station can forecast a sandweeks barrives in Beijing. Wandstorm arrivweather experts advlgo out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, “to be cycling in a sandghtening. It’s difficult to breag wind and dust mallu want to go out, you’d better wear a maThe dly 250 kilawawest of Beijing. To prevg neagovlanting(Aart, lwhole passagand then listen again paragraph by paragraph. After listening to a paragraph, ask studland fill the blanks wbooks closedLanguagxtT: Now let’s deal wlanguag◆You just hadu’d survivurvive vue to live or exist ~ (), ~ ( on sth)g. many strange customs have survived from earlI can’t survived on 30£ a wVue to live or exarly beingkilled or destroyed~ an earthquake, ~ shipwurvivwho survived◆as a result of “ dation”.…. 由于沙漠化的结果desert + ify “-fy / -ify” 后缀变为verb. d→ da◆……… because people cut dowand dig up graut sth down (cauall down by cutting it at base)~ a tree, 砍倒一棵树，~ trousers, 改短裤子，~ one’s ex减少开支dig sth up ①break up(soil,etc) by digging，②removground by diggingDig up the land for a new garden. 为建一座花园而垦地。

人教版选择性必修第三册复习学案Unit 1Art ....................................................................................................................... - 1 - Unit 2Healthy Lifestyle ............................................................................................... - 21 - Unit 3Environmental Protection................................................................................. - 39 - Unit 4Adversity and Courage...................................................................................... - 54 - Unit 5Poems ............................................................................................................... - 70 -Unit 1Art主题语境：人与社会(艺术与艺术欣赏)【话题词汇】1.sculpture n. 雕塑；雕刻2.statue n. 塑像；雕像3.Chinese landscape painting 中国山水画4.watercolor painting 水彩画5.oil painting 油画6.portrait n. 肖像画7.figure n. 画像8.carve n. & v. 雕刻9.gallery n. 画廊10.exhibition n. 展览；展览品11.display n．& v t. 展示；陈列12.design n．& v. 图案；设计13.draft n. 草稿；草图14.sketch n. 草图；素描15.shade n. 暗影16.inspiration n. 灵感；启发17.insight n. 洞察力18.technique n. 技巧19.masterpiece n. 杰作20.admire v. 钦佩；赞美21.reflect v. 反映；反射22.represent v. 代表；象征；体现23.unique adj. 独特的24.creative adj. 有创造性的25.abstract adj. 抽象的；深奥的26.extraordinary adj. 非凡的27.vivid adj. 生动的28.visual adj. 视觉的29.valuable adj. 有价值的30.precious adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的【话题短语】1.true to life 逼真2.take pictures (photos)/take a picture (photo) 拍照3.works of art 艺术品4.works appreciation 作品欣赏5.abstract art 抽象艺术6.make comments on 对……作评论7.Beijing Opera 京剧8.be designed for... 为……而设计9.be faced with 面对，面临10.be open to 向……开放11.be shaped like... 形状像……12.on exhibition/display/show 在展出13.enjoy great popularity 广受欢迎14.queue up/stand in line 排队15.range from...to... 范围从……到……16.sense of beauty 美感17.show up 出现18.go through many difficulties 经历许多困难19.widen one's horizons 开阔某人的眼界【话题佳句】1.I'm writing to invite you to see the exhibition of Chinese paper-cutting art, which is a Chinese folk art with a long history.我写信邀请你参观中国剪纸艺术展。

高中数学必修4复习教案
第一部分：向量与空间解析几何
1. 向量的概念与运算
- 向量的定义：大小和方向确定的量
- 向量的运算：加法、减法、数乘、数量积、向量积
2. 向量的数量积
- 定义：两个向量的数量积等于两个向量的模的乘积与夹角的余弦值的乘积- 性质：交换律、分配律、数量积为零的条件
3. 向量的向量积
- 定义：两个向量的向量积是一个垂直于这两个向量构成的平面的向量
- 性质：满足右手定则、交换律、分配律等
4. 空间直线和平面
- 空间直线的方程：点向式、对称式、参数式等
- 空间平面的方程：点法式、一般式等
第二部分：概率与统计
1. 概率的基本概念
- 概率的定义：某一事件发生的可能性大小
- 概率的性质：介于0和1之间、互斥事件、独立事件等
2. 随机事件与概率
- 随机事件的分类：必然事件、不可能事件、对立事件等
- 求概率的方法：古典概型、几何概型、统计概型等
3. 统计的基本概念
- 统计的定义：收集、整理、分析和解释数据的方法
- 数据的统计特征：均值、中位数、众数等
4. 统计图的作画
- 直方图、饼图、散点图等的绘制方法
- 图形的解读：分布情况、相关性等
以上是高中数学必修4的复习教案范本，希望对你的复习有所帮助。

祝学习顺利！。

Xbook3 Unit 4---Using Language 学历案【课题与课时】课题：Unit 4 A glimpse of the future--Using Language课时量：One period【课标要求】帮助学生深入聚焦语言的意义和功能，使学生在真实语境下进行思考和交际，全方位提升综合语言运用能力。

【学习目标】1. Understand the form and basic usage of subject-verb agreement2. Use subject-verb agreement to finish text activities correctly.3. Pay more attention to the pragmatic functions of subject-verb agreement and further understand the agreement of the form and meaning of language, and thus learn to use them.一、数量概念作主语时的主谓一致[观察例句]1．Five minutes isn't enough to finish this work.2．Most of the workers are against the plan.3．A number of students have made up their minds to take part in after­school activities.4．The number of students who have made up their minds to take part in the activity is 120.[归纳用法]1．表示时间、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

《寡人之于国也》复习学案(人教版高一必修三)共3篇《寡人之于国也》复习学案(人教版高一必修三)1《寡人之于国也》复习学案(人教版高一必修三)《孟子》中的《寡人之于国也》一篇，讲述了一个寡人（孤立无援的君主）如何治理国家，如何建立和维持一个强大的国家。

本文将围绕这篇文章整理出的学案内容进行复习，以加深对孟子政治思想的理解。

一、文章导读《寡人之于国也》是《孟子》中的一篇政治文章。

文章主要讲述了一个孤立无援的君主如何治理国家，如何建立和维持一个强大的国家。

文章中提到，一个君主只有具备仁德之心，并理直气壮地为百姓辩护，才能取得臣民的信任和支持。

同时，文章还强调了重视人才、敬重老师、勤奋好学等道德观念的重要性。

二、文章精读1. 天下大乱，寡人不知所措，如何治理国家？寡人不知所措，不能承继先王之道，真是悲哀呀！(第一段)孟子认为，一个寡人面对天下大乱必须有自己的治国方略，回顾了历代君王，揭示了以仁德治国的道理。

孟子引用了商鞅在做法家时的一则寓言：天下太平时期，小鸟在林中可以自由穿梭，但在乱世，小鸟便无路可飞，孤立无援，不能好好地安居于林中。

孟子像展示这个鸟儿有两种选择：一种是等待静谧时期回归，另外一种便是主动学会“挤牙膏”，适应环境,机智地应对很一起世界变动之际，让自己尽管处在乱世中亦能安居自在。

2. 一个君主必须具备什么样的品德和道德作为国家治理的标准？身为君主，不仅能吃喝，更应该能懂得审时度势，在处理政策时必须理直气壮(第二段)孟子认为，一个君主要想治理好国家，必须具备仁爱之心。

他应该把百姓看成自己的孩子，着想百姓的疾苦和利益。

同时还需要具备勇气，即在处理政策时必须理直气壮，不进则退的精神。

孟子还主张君民之间应该相互信任和支持，这种信任和支持是建立在仁爱之心的基础上的。

3. 学习方面，孟子有什么样的特殊观点？君子功夫无废，在业内深植耳提面命，夜以继日的勤奋学习可以使一个人取得优秀的成绩，甚至成为大成者(第三段)孟子在文章中提到了勤奋好学这一道德观念，认为一个君主必须在学习方面勤奋好学，不断提高自己的能力。

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．tobacco n．烟草；烟叶2．cue n．提示；暗示；信号v t.给(某人)暗示(或提示)3．facilitate v t.促进；促使；使便利4．escalator n．自动扶梯；滚梯5．surgeon n．外科医生6．surgery n．外科手术；外科学7．liberation n．解放；摆脱8．beard n．胡须；络腮胡子9．flu n．流感10．nut n．坚果11．skateboard n．滑板v i.滑滑板12．bowling n．保龄球运动Ⅱ.记重点单词1．abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂v t.滥用；虐待；辱骂2．dominate v t.& v i.支配；控制；占有优势3．negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的4．discipline n．自制力；纪律；学科v t.自我控制；管教；处罚5．pill n．药片；药丸6．delete v．删去；删除7．shave v i.，v t.& n．剃(须发)；刮脸8．cigarette n．香烟；卷烟9．drug n．毒品；药物10．skip v t.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走v i.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳n．蹦跳11．dizzy adj.头晕目眩的12．stimulate v t.激发；促进；刺激13．dentist n．牙科医生14．dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的15．comedy n．喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目16．monthly ad v.& adj.每月；每月一次的n．月刊17．enhance v t.提高；增强；增进Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．alcohol n．酒；酒精→alcoholic adj.(含)酒精的n．酗酒者2．physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→physically ad v.身体上；肉体上3．repeatedly ad v.重复地→repeat v t.重复→repeated adj.重复的→repetition n．重复4．psychology n．心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj.心理(学)的→psychologist n．心理学家5．reward n．回报；奖励；报酬v t.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的；报酬高的6．rely v i.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的7．examine v t.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→examination n．考试(＝exam)；检查；审查8．pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观主义9．compose v t.& v i.组成；作曲；撰写→composition n．组成；作曲；作文→composer n．作曲家10．disturb v t.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的11．specialist n．专科医生；专家→special adj.特别的；专门的→specially ad v.特别地；专门→specialize v t.专门研究；专门从事12．consultant n．顾问；高级顾问医师→consult v t.& v i.请教；咨询v t.查阅；参看13．sugary adj.含糖的；甜的→sugar n．糖14．refresh v t.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→refreshing adj.令人振奋的→refreshment n．焕发精神；恢复活力15．absorb v t.吸引全部注意力；吸收→absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的1．location n．位置；地方2．logical adj.逻辑上的；符合逻辑的3．loose adj.松散的；宽松的4．loudspeaker n．扬声器，喇叭5．luggage n．(总称)行李6．magic adj.有魔力的7．maintain v t.维持；保持8．majority n．大多数Ⅳ.背核心短语1．in response to回答；答复2．rely on/upon依赖；依靠；信赖3．straight away立即；马上4．decide on/upon决定；选定5．make up one’s mind下定决心6．be composed of由……组成(或构成)的7．shave off剃掉；刮去8．stressed out焦虑不安；心力交瘁9．worn out筋疲力尽的；疲惫的10．after all毕竟；终究Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.(不定式作主语)防止这些有害习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。

Section ⅣDeveloping ideas－Writing描写一件艺术品本单元的写作任务是描写一件艺术品，属于说明文。

内容一般包括该艺术品的作者、创作背景、特点以及作者所表达的意境或内涵等。

(一)基本框架1．开头：艺术品简介；2．主体：具体描述；3．结尾：总结、评价。

(二)常用表达1．The Sunflo w er is one of Van Gogh's masterpieces．《向日葵》是凡·高的代表作之一。

2．This is a painting by the Spanish artist，Pablo Picasso，considered to be the greatest Western artist of the twentieth century．这是西班牙画家巴勃罗·毕加索的一幅油画，他被认为是20世纪西方最伟大的画家。

3．My favorite painting is the Eight Horses painting．我最喜欢《八骏图》这幅画了。

4．The whole match of colours is very harmonious．整个色彩的搭配非常协调。

5．Each of the four clay figures looks different and lifelike．四个泥人神态各异，栩栩如生。

6．The group of flame-like sunflowers show his passion of life．那一团团火焰般的向日葵，表达出了他对生活的热爱。

7．In this painting，Picasso showed his feelings about what had happened to the town．在这幅画中，对于这座城镇所遭遇的一切，毕加索表达了自己的情感。

8．It will encourage me to go forward bravely in my study and life．它将鼓励着我在学习和生活中勇往直前。

Unit 4 Food and Culture 一、单词——在语境中默写，在联想中积累⇩积得多平时多积累，考场出华章⇩积得多平时多积累，考场出华章三、句式——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通第一板块核心单词归纳集释1．permit vt ./vi .允许；准许n .许可，准许；通行证[高考佳句] The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting.(2012·全国卷单选)如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。

2(3)without permission ①Students permitted to_cook in the kitchen.(2015·天津高考)住在带有厨房的大楼里的学生只被允许在厨房做饭。

②My parents won't permit my going (go) with you tonight. 我父母不允许今晚我和你一起去。

[联想发散] 动词permit 的常见用法为：permit doing sth./sb. to do sth.，用法类似的动词还有：①allow doing sth./sb. to do sth. 允许(某人)做某事 ②forbid doing sth./sb. to do sth. 禁止(某人)做某事 ③advise doing sth./sb. to do sth. 建议(某人)做某事 ④encourage doing sth./sb. to do sth. 鼓励(某人)做某事 2．pretend vi ./vt .假装；装作[教材原句] She pretended that nothing had happened, but the trick didn't escape my eyes.她假装什么都没有发生过，但是那花招并未逃过我的眼睛。

①Mary pretended not to_see me when I passed by, which made me very angry. 当我从玛丽身边经过的时候，她假装没看见我，这让我非常生气。