高级英语(2)修辞格汇总

Simile1.They are like the musketeers of Dumas … their thoughts and feelings.2.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion…ends of the earth.3.…like clouds of flies.4.Everything is done… like inverted capital Ls…5.And really it was like watching a …armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite directi on,glittering like scraps of paper.6.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales,as penetrating as a scalpel.7.Same age,… but dumb as an ox.8.Peter lay … coat huddled like a great hairy…9.It was like digging a tunnel.10.I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull.11.Grandmother Macleod, her delicately featured face as rigid as a cameo…12.… the fragrant globes hanging like miniature scarlet lanterns on the thinhairy stems.13.At night the lake was like black glass…14.The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder…metaphor1.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simpl y not a concern.2.…did not delve intoeach other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and f eeling.3.It was on such … suddenly the alchemy of conversation … was a focus.4.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.5.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia.6.The conversation was on wings.7.As we listen… to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.8.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries…of common sense.9.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.10.When E.M.Forster writes of -the sinister corridor of our age,we sit up at t he vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.11.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years,…are gone.12.Down the centre…a little river of urine.13.…in the past,… by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.14.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.15.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.16.… we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely aforum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak…17.… yet both… stays the hand of mankind’s final war.18.And if a beached of cooperation may push…19.The energy, the faith…will light our…and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.20.… unfettered the informal… children.21.There follows… frontier.22.Read, then, the following… demonstrate that logic…23.“In other words, if you were out the picture, the field would be open.24.First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window.25.I fought off a wave of despair.26.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.27.The first man has poisoned the well before…28.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could…29.Frantically I thought back the tide of panic…30.The rat!31.… through the filigree of the spruce trees…32.…. and my new awareness that Piquette sprang from the people of…33.… with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon.mixed metaphor 1.The charm of conversation is…it will go as it meanders or leaps andsparkles or just glows.2.My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.metonymy 转喻，借代1.Is the phrase in Shakespeare?2.… but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.3.Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.4.You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.5.…those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neatworld of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home.synecdoche提喻1.Other people may…in which the great minds are supposed…2.Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.3.… actually has… a white skin.4.…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom…5.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.6.The damn bone’s flared up again.alliteration1.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.2.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years,…are gone.3.She accepted her…as a beast of burden.4.Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike…5.…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom…6.…but a call to bear the burden of a long…7.… the same high standards of strength and sacrifice…antithesis 对比1.We observe today … symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifyingrenewal as well as change.2.For man holds… human poverty and …human life.3.United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.4.Let us never negotiate out of fear , but let us never fear to negotiate.5.... not as a call to bear… but a call to …6.It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make anugly smart girl beautiful.7.Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.8.If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If thereis an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force.9.Look at me --- a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man withan assured future. Look at Petey--- a knothead, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll n ever know where his next meal is coming from. parallelism1.Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,suppor any friend,oppose a ny foe ,to assure the survival and the success of liberty.repetition 反复1.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certainbeyond doubt that they will never be employed.personification1．The gazelle I was feeding seemed to know that this thought was in my mind…not like me.2．The two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping at us…3．The water was always icy, for the lake was fed by springs…transferred epithet 移就1. A carpenter sitscross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.2.Instantly, from…there was a frenzied rush of Jews...cigarette.3.I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left.4.…meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curioushands.5.Piquette looked at me from her large dark unsmiling eyes.6.… I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendencyto look the other way.7.Her defiant face, momentarily, became unguarded and unmasked…exaggeration/ hyperbole 夸张1.Perhaps it because of my upbringing in English pubs…its own.2.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales,as penetrating as a scalpel.3.It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect.4.… he just … with mad lust…5.You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and theconstellations of outer space.6.... dresses that were always miles too long.7.…those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neatworld…Elliptical sentence1.The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and t he taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.2.No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind.3.Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.4.Emotional type. Unstable. Impression. Worst of all, a faddist.5.‘I n the library,’…6.Peter, why?....7.“Anything?” I asked, looking at him narrowly.8.Beautiful she was.9.One more chance…10.But just one more.11.Hasty Generalization12.Ad Misericordiam13.After he promised, after he made a deal, after he shook my hand!Rhetorical questions1.Are they really the same flesh as …or coral insects?Onomatopoetic1.As the storks …winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatterof iron wheels.Understatement1.I am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact.2.This looked as a project of a small dimensions,…Sarcasm1.Anyone can be sorry…owing to some kind of accident of or even…ofsticks.Contrast1.As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward…Inverted sentence1.In your hands, my fellow citizens,…2.Cool was I and logical.3.One more chance…4.Five grueling nights this took,…Double negation1.It was not be thought that I was without love for this girl.Analogy1.Just as Pygmalion loved the perfected woman hr had fashioned, so I lovedmine.2.I did not know what had happened to the birds. Perhaps they had goneaway to some far place of belonging. Perhaps they had been unable to find such a place, and had simply died out, having ceased to care any longer whether they lived or not.Allusion1.Just as Pygmalion loved the perfected woman hr had fashioned, so I lovedmine.2.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein…。

高级英语第二册修辞总结高级英语第二册修辞总结Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 T elephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees,and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor ,simileLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits-cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present ,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,antitheft more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots anda clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not eveninquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simile Lesson31 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairshave been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by sidewith each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moveddesultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once there was a focus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied,and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slipsand slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up atthe vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphor1 Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,thatthe torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay anyprice,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operativeventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis4 …in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of thetiger ended up inside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear tonegotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historicalallusion,climax7 And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;askwhat you can do for your country.—contrast, winding1 Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in amonth of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate thatlogic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolutionwaning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me,or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at firstI was temptedto give her back to Petey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers stillsmoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them intoflame.—metaphor,extended metaphorLesson61 As in architecture,so in automaking.—elliptical sentenceLesson81 O ne speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhumanrelations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallismLesson 101 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgicrecollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2 Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult forour young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of theVictorian social structure,and by precipitations our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after thresh hooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germanytoward the United States,and our official reluctance todeclare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the warand now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe fordemocracy”.—metaphor7 After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds andpens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playingwith marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to showthe way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdoche。

Lesson11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人)5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simileLesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners all men and boys, no womenthreaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southwarda long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic words symbolism10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —-- elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —- synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor2. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all atonce there was a focus. ----metaphor3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor4. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.--—metaphor5. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor6. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will pro bably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽7. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile8. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side b y side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile9. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy10. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile11. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration12. When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson 41. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike ….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challen ge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis11. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition12. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor13. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis14.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor15. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor16. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor17.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson51. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing , full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—-metaphor; hyperbole2. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor3. Cool was I and logical. ----inversion (倒装)4. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales , as penetrating as a scalpel.-----simile5. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ---- metaphor or -mixed-metaphor6.Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. ----simile7. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy转喻8. "I may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet9. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. ----metaphor10. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion11. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, ---- allusion12. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. ----allusion13.The time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. ----assonance (半)谐音14. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis15. What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody16."Your girl," I said, mincing no words. ----litotes (间接肯定)17. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… -----litotes or understatement18. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—-metaphor or extended metaphor19. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche20.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ---- metaphor21. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. ----metaphor22. Suddenly, a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her eyes. ----metaphor23. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright. -----metaphor24.. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor25. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax (递进)26.Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from. -----antithesis对句Lesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfullyhideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis3. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet4. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)5.There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives6. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or understatement7. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-—ridicule （讽刺）8. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)9. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor10.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)11. …, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye . ---- hyperbole12. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm13. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor14. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor15. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony16. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 17. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisinglyinimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony18. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony19. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to acertain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such master pieces of horror. ---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,acheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by thewar and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor 7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19) to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among theEnglish,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor 10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to removepermanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。

Rhetorical Devicessimile 明喻metaphor 暗喻hyperbole 夸张metonymy 转喻synecdoche 借喻mixed metaphor 混合暗喻personification 拟人antithesis 对仗parallelism 排比transferred epithet 转移修饰alliteration 押头韵onomatopoeia 拟声词1.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere,and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (mixed metaphor)2.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think barconversation has a charm of its own. (hyperbole)3.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairshave broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (metaphor)4.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side byside with each other, did not delve into each other's lives.(simile & metaphor)5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (metaphor)6.The conversation was on wings. (metaphor)7.Is the phrase in Shakespeare? (synecdoche)8.…that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at oncethere was a focus.（metaphor）9.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock.（simile）10.The King's English slips and slides in conversation.（alliteration）11.the sinister corridor of our age（metaphor）我们的时代罪恶的走廊12.Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the greatminds are supposed to have indulged in the great salons of 18th century.（synecdoche）13. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.（metaphor）14. Otherwise one will bind the conversation. （metaphor）15. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to theNorman Conquest. （metaphor）16.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like aderelict building-lot.（simile）17.…and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like brokenbrick.（simile）18. Are they really the same flesh as your self ?（synecdoche）19.They sweat and starve for a few years.（alliteration）20.…and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, likeclouds of flies. （simile）21. …turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (hyperbole)22.There was a frenzied rush of Jews.（transferred epithet）23.…are working in dark fly-infested booths that look like caves. （simile）24.A white skin is always fairly conspicuous.（synecdoche）25.The soil is exactly like broken-up brick .（simile）26.…winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of ironwheels.（onomatopoeia）27.Their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood.（simile）28.And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column.（simile）29.…while the great white birds drifted ov er them in the opposite direction，glittering like scraps of paper.（simile）30.friend and foe（alliteration）31.（metonymy）32.We shall pay any price, bear any burden…（alliteration）33.United，there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided，there is little we can do，for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.（antithesis）只要我们团结一致，我们将无所不能，完成众多的合作事业；一旦我们分歧对立，我们将一事无成，因为我们不敢遇见一个与我们意见相左的强大挑战，最后导致四分五裂。

Lesson11.Wind and rain now wiped the house ---- metaphor(暗喻)2.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ---- simile (明喻)3.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. ---- -simile4.…it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way ---- personification(拟人)5.We can batten down and ride it out ----- metaphor6.Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)7.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them ------ s imile8.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage p oint--- --transferred epithet 移就9.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads --- metaphor; simileLesson21.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict buildin g-lot ------ simile2.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone ----- alliteration 押头韵3.and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies ---- simile4.And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up t he road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper ------ simile5.The little crowd of mourners all men and boys, no womenthreaded their way across the market place between the piles o f pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6.A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7.Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush ofJews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette ------ t ransferred epithet8.Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9.As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southwarda long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then m ore infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—--- onomatopoetic words symbolism10.Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —-- elliptical sentence11.This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —- synecdoche 提喻Lesson31.… and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor2.… that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all a t once there was a focus ---- metaphor3.The glow of the conversation burst into flames ----- metaphor4.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia ------ metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.--—metaphor5.The conversation was on wings ----- metaphor6.The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will pro bably try to talk sense and so ruin a ll conversation ------ sarcasm 反讽7.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings ------ s imile8.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side b y side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile9.Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ---- m etonymy10.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seedsmultiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile11.Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s E nglish slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration12.When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson 41.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax 递进5.And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do foryou; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression 回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom,symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change ----- p arallelism7.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike ….—alliteration8.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challen ge at odds and split asunder ---- antithesis 对句10.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich ----- antithesis11.… to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty --- repetition12.And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion… ---- metaphor13.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us------ antithesis14.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends toremain the master of its own house ------ metaphor15.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world ------ extended metaphor16.…to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… metaphor17.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… ----- p arallelismLesson51.Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—-metaphor; hyperbole2.Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor3.Cool was I and logical inversion ( 倒装)4.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrating as a scalpel simile5.My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ---- metaphor or -mixed-metaphor6.Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox ----- simile7.I was not one to let my heart rule my head ----- m etonymy 转喻8."I may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink and c losed my bag and left ----- transferred epithet9.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered ----- m etaphor10.We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat d own under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly ----- allusion11.Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, ---- allusion12.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat ----- a llusion13.The time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic ----- assonance (半)谐音14.Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning. —antithesis15.What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody16."Your girl," I said, mincing no words ----- l itotes (间接肯定)17.This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… ----- litotes or understatement18.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—- metaphor or extended metaphor19.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear ---- synecdoche20.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ---- metaphor21.Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up ---- metaphor22.Suddenly, a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her eyes -----metaphor23.I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright ----- metaphor24.. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space------ hyperbole; metaphor25.He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat ----- climax (递进)26.Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from ------ antithesis 对句Lesson71.Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2.Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis3.What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight ----- transferred epithet4.…, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult a nd lacerate the eye ----- h yperbole; double negatives (双否)5.There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ---- hyperbole; repetition; double negatives6.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endlessmills.—litotes or understatement7.Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a lo w and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-—ridicule （讽刺）8.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof ---- inversion (倒装)9.On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in t he mud ------ m etaphor10.But what brick! ----- ellipsis (省略)11.…, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye ------ hyperbole12.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer ----- irony; sarcasm13.And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor14.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an e gg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor15.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony16.Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God- forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlet s ofGeorgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 17.It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony18.They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt o ffend them.—irony19.It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ---- personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor22.a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23.They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them ----- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion24.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an e gg long past all hope or caring ----- metaphor25.It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them ---- hyperbole; irony26.Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind ---- synecdoche (提喻)27.Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them irony; sarcasm28.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such master pieces of horror --- ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelismLesson91.In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,betweenold moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.T he air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.I n the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.S ome of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.I ndeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of thedeliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for t he sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4.A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor 10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self- interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that hisprops have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement forthe absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor“”“”At the end, Xiao Bian gives you a passage. Minand once said, "people who learn to learn are very happy people.". In every wonderful life, learning is an eternal theme. As a professional clerical and teaching position, I understand the importance of continuous learning, "life is diligent, nothing can be gained", only continuous learning can achieve better self. Only by constantly learning and mastering the latest relevant knowledge, can employees from all walks of life keep up with the pace of enterprise development and innovate to meet the needs of the market. This document is also edited by my studio professionals, there may be errors in the document, if there are errors, please correct, thank you!。

高英2修辞超详细整理Lesson 1simileThe children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.Blowdown power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.metaphorWe can batten down and ride it outWind and rain now whipped the house.Strips of clothing festooned the standing treesCamille, meanwhile, had raked its way.Household and medical supplies streamed in by plane.personification1.A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.2.… it seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it3.5 miles away.transferred epithet 移就1.Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.Lesson 3simile1.They are like the musketeers of Dumas…2.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth.metaphor1.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.2.The conversation was on wings.3.we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.4.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.5.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.6.When E.M.Forster writes of “the sin ister corridor of our age,”we sit up at thevividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.7.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration8.…no one has any id ea where it will go a s it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.9.…did not delve into each other..10.…suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,…11.Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there.12.We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.Lesson 4metaphor1.in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.2.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.3.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intend to remain the master of its own house.4...to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak.5.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion6.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.synecdoche – whole for part or part for whole[si'nekd?ki] 提喻1.yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.alliteration1.ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice…2.One form of colonial control shall not have passed away.3.We shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom.4.We pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.5.We shall pay any price, bear any burden6.To assure the survival and the success of liberty7.Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike.antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对偶1.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who arerich2.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead ofbelaboring those problemswhich divide us.3.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.4.And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask whatyou can do for your country.5.United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. parallelism – ideas are paired and sequenced in the same grammatical form1.Both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed bythe steady spread of the deadly atom2.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap theocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3.We renew our pledge of support to prevent it from becoming merely a forum forinvective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area inwhich its writ may run.4.We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, andoppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.5.A new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplinedby a hard and bitter peace.6.Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifyingrenewal as well as change(parallelism and repetition) repetition –repetition of sounds, words, or sentences that can create good rhythm and parallelism to make the language musical, emphatic, and memorable. 反复1.We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficientbeyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.2.Bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of allnations.3.Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change(parallelism and repetition)4...convert good words into good deeds...to assist free men and free government…5.Abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life6. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which..., the belief that ...7.... These human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today ...allusionAll this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion,climax Lesson 5simile1.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scal pel.2....the raccoon coat huddled like a hairy beast at his feet.3....dumb as an ox.4.He looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at abakery window.5.It was like digging a tunnel.6...bellowing like a bull.metaphor1.Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.2.There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier.3.logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole4.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor,extended metaphor5.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.6.My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. Mixed metaphor7. The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well.8. The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it.metonymy –change of name –the association of two unlike things [mi't?nimi] 转喻，借代1.I was not one to let my heart rule my head.2.Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.3.After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation.4.You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame...synecdoche – whole for part or part for whole[si'nekd?ki] 提喻There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.(synecdoche) exaggeration/ hyperbole [hai'p?:b?li] 夸张1..... logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole2. It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect (hyperbole)3.He just stood and stared at with a mad lust at the coat. (hyperbole)4.You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. (hyperbole)5..My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales,as penetrating as a scalpel (simile, hyperbole, and parallelism, irony)6. I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对偶1.Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.2..It is, after all, to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.3. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no argument. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force.4. Look at me --- a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual,a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--- a knothead, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Litotes / understatementThis loomed as a project of no small dimensions.Transferred epithetI said with a mysterious wink.Lesson 7metaphor1.Here was the very heart of industrial America,the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity,the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor,hyperbole,antithetical contrast.2.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule ,irony,metaphor3.And one and all they are streaked in grime,with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.4. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.5.Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对偶1.Here was wealth beyond computation,almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole,antithetical contrast2.Here was the very heart of industrial America,the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity,the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor,hyperbole,antithetical contrast exaggeration/ hyperbole [hai'p?:b?li] 夸张1.Here was the very heart of industrial America,the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity,the boast and prideof the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor,hyperbole,antithetical contrast2.Here was wealth beyond computation,almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole,antithetical contrast3.It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius,uncompromisingly inimical to man,had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole ,irony Antonomasia1.Safe in a Pullman,Ihave whirled through the gloomy,God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas,and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasiaIrony1.Cool was I and logical (Inversion/irony)2.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel (simile, hyperbole, and parallelism, irony)3.It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius,uncompromisingly inimical to man,had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole ,irony4.They like it as it is:beside it,the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony5.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule ,irony,metaphor6.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony7.Obviously,if ther were architects of any professional senseor dignity in the region,they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a highpitched roof,to throw off the heavy winter snows,but still essentially a low and clinging building,wider than it was tall.—sarcasmLitotes/ understatementThe country itself is not uncomely,despite the grime of the endless mills.Lesson 10Metaphor1.we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.2.it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation...now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.5... to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth”,6.....called the party to a halt and forced the revellers to sober up7....had received a good taste of twentieth-century warfare.8.they had outgrown town and families9. An important book was the rallying point of sensitive personsmetonymy –change of name –the association of two unlike things [mi't?nimi] 转喻，借代1.it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,2. since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,3. Greenwich Village set the pattern.4.it was Greenwich Village that fanned the flames.(metonymy;metaphor)5.before long the movement had become officially recognised by the pulpitpersonification1.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything ...transferred epithet 移就1The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memoriesLesson 12simile1.It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky8.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persistent—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.metaphor1... and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath2.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing hismuscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has been24.when it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.25.There,in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from whichI had spent so many years in flight.26.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.27.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor 28.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphor…a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has beenAn American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder by means of pure ….. and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath He needs sustenance for his journey每个社会其实都是由一些潜在的规律，由一些人们没有说出来但却深深感觉到并看作是理所当然的事物所支配的，我们的社会也不例外。

Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1. Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides (Para. 18)2. Allusions 暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3)--descendants of convicts (Para. 7)--Saxon churls (Para. 8)--Norman conquerors (Para. 8)3. ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para. 3)4. Metaphor1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para.2)2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para. 3)3. Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para. 4)4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para. 6)5. The conversation was on wings. (Para. 8)6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11)7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14)8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)9. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18)10. “the sinister corridor of our age…” (Para. 18)11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. (Para.20)12. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. (Para.20)5. Simile1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other’s… (Para. 3)2. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,…(Para. 14)Lesson 2 MarrakechSimile1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (Para. 2)2. ,…sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (Para. 8)3. …where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. (Para. 18)4. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls (Para. 18)5. …their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood… (Para. 23)6. ,…glittering like scraps of paper. (Para. 26)Metaphor1. They rise out of the earth, …(Para. 3)2. Down the center of the street there is generally running a little river of urine. (Para. 8) Alliterationsweat and starve (Para. 3)Transferred Epithet--there was a frenzied rush of Jews (Para. 10)Onomatopoeia, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels (Para. 22) Synecdoche1. a white skin is always fairly conspicuous (Para. 16)2. , actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. (Para. 24)Rhetorical Question1. Are they really the same flesh as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of differentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects? (Para. 3)2. How much longer can we go one kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (Para. 25)UnderstatementI am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. (Para. 21)Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961)Parallelism…, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. (Para. 1) Paras. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11Alliteration1. …friend and foe alike… (Para. 3)2. to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (Para. 4)3. steady spread (Para. 13)4. …bear the burden… (Para. 22)5. …strength and sacrifice… (Para.26)Metaphor1.…those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. (Para. 7)2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (Para. 9)3. this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (Para. 9)4. to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… (Para. 10)5. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion… (Para. 19)6. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. (Para. 24)Consonance…, whether it wishes us well or ill,… (Para. 4)Synecdoche…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom….(Para. 13)Antithesis1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (Para. 6)2. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. (Para.8)3. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Repetitionall forms of (Para. 2)the belief (Para. 2)Regression1. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. (Para. 14)2. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Allusionone hundred days (Para. 20)ClimaxAll this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. (Para. 20)Hyperbolehour of maximum danger (Para. 24)Lesson 4 Love is a FallacyMetaphor1. Charles Lamb, unfettered the informal essay with.... “Dream’s Children”. (Author’s Note)2. There follows an informal essay....frontier. (Author’s Note)3. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)4. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Para. 17)5. In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (Para. 31)6. I fought off a wave of despair. (Para. 76)7. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. (Para. 95)8. The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well. (Para. 112)9.”The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.” (Para. 116)10. The rat! (Para. 148)Simile1. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)2. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (Para. 2)3. First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (Para. 47)4. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. (Para. 54)5. ...the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. (Para. 94)6. It was like digging a tunnel. (Para. 120)7. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (Para. 144)Antithesis1. “It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.” (Para. 24)2. “Back and forth his head swiveled，desire waxing, resolution waning.” (Para. 47)3. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. (Para. 91)4. “Look at me--a brilliant ing from.” (Para. 150)Hyperbole1. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)2. My brain was as pow erful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)3. It’s not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (Para. 2)4. Finally he didn’t turn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (Para. 47)5. You are the whole world…of outer space (Para. 132)6. “I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.” (Para. 132)Metonymy1. But I was not one to let my heart rule my head. (Para. 20)2. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. (Para. 70)3. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker. (Para. 79)LitotesThis loomed as a project of no small dimensions. (Para. 58)SynecdocheThere is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (Para. 112)AnalogyJust as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine. (Para. 122) Transferred EpithetI said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. (Para. 37)Rhetorical QuestionCould Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? (Authors’ Note)“Really?” said Polly, amazed. “Nobody?” (Para. 73)Who knew? (Para. 95)Lesson 5 The Sad Y oung MenMetaphor:1. …we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality… (Para. 2)2. battle for success (Para. 3)3. And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age. (Para. 4)4. …once the young men had received a good taste of twentieth-century warfare. (Para. 6)5. …they had outgrown town and families (Para. 6)6. …in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country (Para. 6)7. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)8. …now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. (Para. 8)9. …was the rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America. (Para. 9)10. …but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Personification:…the country was blind and deaf to everything…dollar…. (Para. 9)Metonymy:1. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags. (Para. 5)2. Greenwich Village set the pattern. (Para. 7)3. …their minds and pens inflamed against war,…(Para. 7)4. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)5. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit…(Para. 8)6. …but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Transferred epithet:The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young…(Para. 11)Simile:The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure… (Para. 3)。

高级英语2第十课修辞总结摘要：一、引言二、高级英语2 第十课修辞学概述1.比喻2.拟人3.夸张4.反问三、修辞手法在实际英语写作中的应用1.比喻1.明喻2.隐喻2.拟人3.夸张4.反问四、修辞手法在提高英语写作效果的作用五、结论正文：【引言】高级英语2 第十课主要介绍了修辞学中的几种重要手法，包括比喻、拟人、夸张和反问。

这些修辞手法在英语写作中有着广泛的应用，能够有效地提高文章的表达效果和吸引力。

【高级英语2 第十课修辞学概述】修辞学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究如何运用各种语言手段来增强语言表达的效果。

在第十课中，我们主要学习了以下四种修辞手法：1.比喻：通过将两种本质上不同的事物进行类比，以形象生动的方式表达抽象的概念。

比喻可以分为明喻和隐喻两种。

2.拟人：将无生命的事物赋予生命和人的特征，使其具有感情、动作等。

3.夸张：对某一事物的特点进行夸大描述，以突出表现其特性。

4.反问：提出一个问题，但实际上并不需要对方回答，其目的是为了加强语气，表达说话者的观点。

【修辞手法在实际英语写作中的应用】在英语写作中，我们可以灵活运用这些修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果。

以下是一些实例：1.比喻：例如，“时间是金钱”，通过将时间和金钱进行类比，形象地表达了时间的宝贵。

2.拟人：例如，“月亮羞涩地躲在云朵后面”，将月亮赋予了人的情感和动作。

3.夸张：例如，“他饿得能吃下一头牛”，夸张地描述了他的饥饿程度。

4.反问：例如，“这难道不是一件很明显的事情吗？”通过反问加强语气，表达说话者的观点。

【修辞手法在提高英语写作效果的作用】修辞手法的运用可以使文章更加生动、有趣，增强读者的阅读兴趣。

同时，修辞手法还能够有效地传达作者的情感和观点，使文章更具说服力。

因此，学习和掌握修辞手法对于提高英语写作水平具有重要意义。

【结论】总之，高级英语2 第十课为我们介绍了四种重要的修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张和反问。

在英语写作中，我们可以灵活运用这些修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果和吸引力。

高级英语第二册修辞总结Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 T elephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees,and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor ,simileLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits-cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present ,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,antitheft more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots anda clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairshave been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by sidewith each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moveddesultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once there was a focus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied,and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slipsand slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up atthe vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson41 Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,thatthe torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay anyprice,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operativeventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis4 …in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of thetiger ended up inside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear tonegotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historicalallusion,climax7 And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;askwhat you can do for your country.—contrast, windingLesson51 Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in amonth of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate thatlogic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolutionwaning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me,or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at first I was temptedto give her back to Petey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers stillsmoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them intoflame.—metaphor,extended metaphorLesson61 As in architecture,so in automaking.—elliptical sentenceLesson81 One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhumanrelations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallismLesson 101 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2 Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult forour young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of theVictorian social structure,and by precipitations our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after thresh hooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germanytoward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the warand now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe fordemocracy”.—metaphor7 After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds andpens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playingwith marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to showthe way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdoche。