1. 明喻simile
Simile refers to a direct comparison between two or more things, normally introduced by like or as.
He has been as drunk as a fiddler’s bitch.
1. 他醉得像小提琴手的母狗。
2. 他曾喝得酊名大醉/烂醉如泥。
If We haven’t got any money, we can’t buy a television. It’s as plain as the nose on your face.
1. 如果我们没有钱，就不能买电视机。这就像脸上的鼻子一样清楚明了。
2. 没有钱我们就不能买电视机。这就像秃子头上的虱子——明摆着的事。
Mr. Smith may serve as a good secretary, for he is as close as an oyster.
史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他嘴巴紧得像牦蛎.
史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他守口如瓶。
I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.
2. 隐喻metaphor
Metaphor is an implied comparison between two or more things achieved by identifying one with the other.
That lady tries to make sheep’s eyes at her new boss.
1. 那位女士想向新老板投去绵羊之眼。
2. 那位女士想向新老板献媚。
Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.
It grows louder and more distinct,until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.
The dye-market,the pottery-market,and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.
It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible.
Churchill,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.
I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.
I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping
But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.
to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.
3. 借代metonymy
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a Frenchman.
1. 法国人的性格中混合有老虎和猿的成分。
2. 虎恶猿狡的性格，法国人兼而有之。
Washington refused to make any comment on this proposal.
华盛顿拒绝对此建议发表评论。（metonymy –用华盛顿代美国政府）
The baby was brought up on the bottle.
这个婴儿是用瓶装奶喂大的。（metonymy –用奶瓶代奶）
Didn’t you swear you’d never again believe anything in trousers?
1. 你不是曾发誓不再相信穿裤子的任何东西了吗？
2. 你不是曾发誓不再相信男人了吗？
But for making money, Twain’s pen would prove mightier than his pickax.
Just as the industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men’s muscles and enormously expanded productivity.
4. 夸张hyperbole, exaggeration
when a married couple saw red lawyer saw green.
1. 夫妻看到红色时，律师看到绿色。
2. 夫妻吵得脸红耳赤之日，正是律师招财进宝之时。
I did not cry, I could not. My cheeks were as hot as fire, and my very eyes burnt in my head.
1. 我没有哭，我哭不出来。双颊热得如火，眼睛在头上燃烧。
2. 我没有哭，我哭不出来。双颊热得火辣辣的，两眼好像在冒火。
He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop.
1. 他沿街跑下去，喧闹如十马奔腾。
2. 他沿街跑下去，喧闹如万马奔腾。
Your wife is going to hit the ceiling when she learns that you were not telling her the truth.
1. 要是你的妻子知道你没跟她说真话，她会蹦到屋顶那么高。
2. 要是你的妻子知道你没跟她说真话，她会气得暴跳如雷。
He commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s final release from earthly struggles.
If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.
