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超临界二氧化碳萃取英语1. **定义与释义**1.1 **词性**：名词1.2 **释义**：一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂来提取物质的技术1.3 **英文解释**：A technique that uses supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent to extract substances.1.4 **相关词汇**：supercritical fluid extraction（超临界流体萃取）2. **起源与背景**2.1 **词源**：超临界二氧化碳萃取技术是随着现代科技的发展而逐渐兴起的。
2.2 **趣闻**：超临界二氧化碳萃取技术在食品、医药等领域有着广泛的应用，它的出现为许多行业带来了创新和突破。
3. **常用搭配与短语**3.1 **supercritical carbon dioxide extraction process**：超临界二氧化碳萃取过程例句：The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction process is widely used in the food industry.翻译：超临界二氧化碳萃取过程在食品行业被广泛应用。
3.2 **extraction efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide**：超临界二氧化碳的萃取效率例句：The extraction efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide is relatively high.翻译：超临界二氧化碳的萃取效率比较高。
4. **实用片段**（1）. "I'm really interested in the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology. It's amazing how it can extract valuable compounds from plants."翻译：我对超临界二氧化碳萃取技术真的很感兴趣。
四、木材的性质对木材的利用加工伴随着整个人类文明的发展，在此过程中，对木材性质的探索研究也在不断深入。
作为一种多孔性的生物材料，木材呈现出许多独特的性质。
这里系统讲述了《木材比重》、《木材和水分》、《化学性质》、《物理性质》、《力学性质》以及《木材缺陷》。
了解木材的性质可以更好地加工利用木材，希望这里的一切对大家有所帮助，同时也希望大家来积极参与，日益完善这个栏目。
四．1、木材比重木材的比重为木材的一个重要指标，直接关系到木材的物理力学等性质和木材的加工利用。
木材比重(specific gravity)为某一木材的重量与同体积的水在4℃时的重量之比，无量纲。
与此类似，木材密度(density)为某一木材的质量与其体积之比，单位为g/cm3。
由于木材是多孔性物质，一般含有水分，因此，与其它材料相比，木材比重或木材密度具有特殊性，根据木材状态的不同，有生材密度、气干材密度、绝干材密度和基本密度之分。
生材是树木刚被砍下时的木材，生材密度是生材质量与生材体积之比；气干材是木材长期在一定大气环境中放置的木材，中国国标上认为气干材含水率为12％，气干材密度则是木材12％含水率时的质量与体积之比；绝干材是木材经过温度在103℃左右的烘箱中干燥到其质量不再变化时的木材，认为其含水率为0，木材的绝干材密度则是绝干状态下木材的质量与其体积之比；基本密度是木材试样绝干重与试样饱和水分时的体积之比，就是说密度计算时质量与体积对应着木材的不同含水率状态。
另外，还有一个重要的概念为木材的实质比重，即木材物质或胞壁物质的比重，不包括木材的胞腔等空隙，其数据范围为1.46-1.56，平均为1.50。
根据某一木材的绝干比重和实质比重，可计算此木材绝干材的空隙度，即绝干材的空隙度(%) ＝(1－木材的绝干比重/ 木材的实质密度) × 100%。
木材的实质比重在数值上与木材细胞壁比重接近，但含义不同，因为木材细胞壁中存在一些孔隙，木材细胞壁密度为细胞壁的质量与细胞壁的体积之比。
化工进展Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress2024 年第 43 卷第 3 期内酯型槐糖脂促进HCFC-141b 水合物生成黄梦，孙志高，徐文超，张焕然，杨扬（苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院，江苏 苏州 215009）摘要：蓄冷空调是降低电网峰谷差、实现电网负载侧调峰的一种重要手段，制冷剂水合物作为蓄冷介质具有蓄冷密度大和相变温度高的优点。
HCFC-141b 制冷剂是一种潜在的蓄冷物质，为了促进HCFC-141b 制冷剂水合物的生成，实验研究了绿色环保表面活性剂槐糖脂对HCFC-141b 水合物生成的影响。
研究结果表明，添加适量的内酯型槐糖脂可大幅度缩短HCFC-141b 水合物形成的诱导时间。
槐糖脂的添加量影响水合物的成核和生长过程，质量分数为0.5%是内酯型槐糖脂的最佳浓度，促进HCFC-141b 水合物生成的平均诱导时间最短，约为153min 。
实验结果还表明水合物的生成具有随机性，添加内酯型槐糖脂可以改善水合物生成的随机性，0.5%（质量分数）的内酯型槐糖脂的诱导时间标准方差最小，水合物成核稳定性最好。
内酯型槐糖脂的添加也影响HCFC-141b 水合物的蓄冷量，当添加0.5%（质量分数）的内酯型槐糖脂时，HCFC-141b 水合物的平均蓄冷量达到232.45kJ/kg 。
关键词：水合物；表面活性剂；动力学；制冷剂；蓄冷；内酯型槐糖脂中图分类号：TK 02 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6613（2024）03-1199-07Promotion of HCFC-141b hydrate production by lactone sophorolipidsHUANG Meng ，SUN Zhigao ，XU Wenchao ，ZHANG Huanran ，YANG Yang(School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu, China)Abstract: Cold storage air conditioning is an important method to reduce peak-valley difference of powergrid and realize peak regulation of the load side of power grid. Refrigerant hydrate as a cold storage medium has the advantages of high cold storage density and high phase change temperature. HCFC-141b refrigerant is a potential cold storage medium. In order to promote the formation of HCFC-141b refrigerant hydrate, the green environmental sophorid glycolipid was selected as a promoter to improveHCFC-141b hydrate formation. The experimental results showed that the addition of lactone sophorolipids could greatly shorten the induction time of HCFC-141b hydrate formation. The mass fraction of sophora sophorolipid affects the nucleation and growth process of hydrate. 0.5% was the optimal concentration of lactone sophorolipid to improve hydrate formation, where the average induction time of HCFC-141b hydrate formation was the shortest (about 153min). Experimental results also showed that hydrate formation is random. The addition of lactone sophorolipids could reduce the randomness ofhydrate production. The standard deviation of induction time of hydrate formation with 0.5% lactone sophorolipids was smallest in this work, which showed the system with 0.5% lactone sophorolipids could研究开发DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0333收稿日期：2023-03-06；修改稿日期：2023-05-10。
41※基础研究食品科学2005, Vol. 26, No. 5冷榨制取与超临界CO 2萃取核桃油的氧化稳定性比较研究王丰俊，王建中*，王宪昌，王慧强(北京林业大学生物学院，北京 100083)摘 要：核桃油中的不饱和脂肪酸含量很高，因而比较容易氧化。
为了比较冷榨制取与超临界CO 2萃取的核桃油的氧化稳定性，测定了它们在黑暗和光照条件下的过氧化值，并进行了感官品评。
研究发现：黑暗条件下，冷榨制取的核桃油的氧化稳定性高于超临界CO 2萃取的核桃油的氧化稳定性；光照条件下，超临界CO 2萃取的核桃油的氧化稳定性高于冷榨制取的核桃油的氧化稳定性。
根据它们氧化稳定性的不同可以选择不同的材料对产品进行包装。
关键词：冷榨；超临界C O 2萃取；核桃油；氧化稳定性Study on Oxidative Stability of Cold Pressed and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract of Walnut OilWANG Feng-jun ，WANG Jian-zhong*，WANG Xian-chang ，WANG Hui-qiang(College of Biological, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)Abstract ：The content of unsaturated fatty acid is high, so walnut oil is easily oxidative. In order to compare the oxidative stability of cold pressed oil with the supercritical carbon dioxide extracted(SCFE) oil under light and dark conditions, the Peroxidative Value(PV) was evaluated with Sensory Evaluation. Data showed that the oxidative stability of cold pressed oil was greater than SCFE- CO 2 oil under dark storage, while in contrast, the oxidative stability of SCFE- CO 2 oil was greater than cold pressed oil under light. This conclusion was helpful to choose packing material.Key words ：cold press ；supercritical carbon dioxide extract ；walnut oil ；oxidative stability中图分类号：TS225.19 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-6630(2005)05-0041-03收稿日期：2004-05-08 *通讯作者基金项目：2002年国家现代农业、生物高技术产业化专项资助(计高技[2002]1113)作者简介：王丰俊(1975-)，男，博士生，主要研究方向为油脂与植物蛋白工程。
MSDS活性炭SAFETY DATA SHEET (GHS, Appendix 4)Date : 14/11/2017 Page 1/10 Version : N°3 (23/05/2017)Revision : N°2 (11/05/2015) Jacobi Carbons Industry (Tianjin) Co. LtSteam Activated Carbon, Granular, Coal base - Activated CarbonSAFETY DATA SHEETSECTION 1 : IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING1.1. Product identifierProduct name : Steam Activated Carbon, Granular, Coal base Product code : Activated Carbon.1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised againstUse as an adsorbent in industrial, professional and consumer setting.1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheetRegistered company name : Jacobi Carbons Industry (Tianjin) Co. Ltd. .Address : No. 46, 5th Coastal Way - TJPFTZ, Tanggu, Tianjin, 300456...People's Republic of China.Telephone : +86 22 25764846 . Fax : +86 22 25763228 .msds@/doc/7b503059.html,/doc/7b503059.html,1.4. Emergency telephone number : +86 22 25764846.Association/Organisation : Jacobi Carbons Industry (Tianjin) Co. Ltd. .SECTION 2 : HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION2.1. Classification of the substance or mixtureGHS compliant.This substance does not present a physical hazard. Refer to the recommendations regarding the other products present on the site.This substance does not present a health hazard with the exception of possible occupational exposure thresholds (see paragraphs 3 and8).This substance does not present an environmental hazard. No known or foreseeable environmental damage under standard conditions of use.2.2. Label elementsGHS compliant.No labelling requirements for this substance.2.3. Other hazardsIn the event of dust formed by mechanical action (sanding, sawing, etc..), this dust may cause irritation by inhalation and contact with eyes.May cause CO and CO2 emanations in the event of a fire.According to the ECHA Guidance on chemical safety assessment, Chapter R11, section R11.1.2.1: "The PBT and vPvB criteria of Annex XIII to the Regulation do not apply to inorganic substances". As Activated Carbon - HDS type is to be considered as an inorganic substance, the PBT assessment is not applicable.Wet Activated Carbon depletes oxygen from air and, therefore, dangerously low levels of oxygen may be encountered. Whenever workers enter a vessel containing activated carbon, the oxygen content should be determined and work procedures for potentially low oxygen areas should be followed.-M a d e u n d e r l i c e n c e o f E u r o p e a n L a b e l S y s t e m ?M S D S so f t w a r e f r o m I n f o D y n e -h t t p : / / w w w . i n f o d y n e . f r -SAFETY DATA SHEET (GHS, Appendix 4)Date : 14/11/2017 Page 2/10 Version : N°3 (23/05/2017)Revision : N°2 (11/05/2015) Jacobi Carbons Industry (Tianjin) Co. LtSteam Activated Carbon, Granular, Coal base - Activated CarbonSECTION 3 : COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS3.1. SubstancesComposition :Identification GHS Note%CAS: 7440-44-0EC: 931-328-0REACH: 01-2119488894-16-0013ACTIVATED CARBON - HIGH DENSITYSKELETON (AC-HDS)[1]100%Information on ingredients :A porous, amorphous, high surface area adsorbent material composed largely of elemental carbon.[1] Substance for which maximum workplace exposure limits are available.SECTION 4 : FIRST AID MEASURESAs a general rule, in case of doubt or if symptoms persist, always call a doctor.NEVER induce swallowing by an unconscious person.4.1. Description of first aid measuresIn the event of exposure by inhalation :If breathing is irregular or has stopped, effect mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and call a doctor.Fresh air, rest.Obtain medical attention if cough or respiratory symptoms develop.In the event of splashes or contact with eyes :Wash thoroughly with fresh, clean water for 15 minutes holding the eyelids open.If there is any redness, pain or visual impairment, consult an ophthalmologist.In the event of splashes or contact with skin :Watch out for any remaining product between skin and clothing, watches, shoes, etc.Rince with water and soap.Remove contaminated clothes.Obtain medical attention if irritation becomes apparent.In the event of swallowing :Do not give the patient anything orally.In the event of swallowing, if the quantity is small (no more than one mouthful), rinse the mouth with water and consult a doctor. Seek medical attention immediately, showing the label.Give at least 1/2 L of water to drink.Obtain mediacl attention if gastrintestinal symptoms develop.Do not induce vomiting.4.2. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayedWhen large amounts are ingested orally, congestion may occur.4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment neededSpecific and immediate treatment :N/A -M a d e u n d e r l i c e n c e o f E u r o p e a n L a b e l S y s t e m ?M S D S s o f t w a r e f r o m I n f o D y n e -h t t p : / / w w w . i n f o d y n e . f r -SAFETY DATA SHEET (GHS, Appendix 4)Date : 14/11/2017 Page 3/10 Version : N°3 (23/05/2017)Revision : N°2 (11/05/2015) Jacobi Carbons Industry (Tianjin) Co. LtSteam Activated Carbon, Granular, Coal base - Activated CarbonInformation for the doctor :Medications efficiency can be reduced by the adsorbing power of the activated carbon.SECTION 5 : FIREFIGHTING MEASURES5.1. Extinguishing mediaSuitable methods of extinctionIn the event of a fire, use :- sprayed water or water mist- carbon dioxide (CO2)- foam- powderUnsuitable methods of extinctionIn the event of a fire, do not use :- water jetin the closed areas, in order to avoid the water contamination.5.2. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixtureA fire will often produce a thick black smoke. Exposure to decomposition products may be hazardous to health.Do not breathe in smoke.In the event of a fire, the following may be formed :- carbon monoxide (CO)- carbon dioxide (CO2)- other decomposition products for the saturated activated carbon.After a fire, smoldering hotspots within the activated carbon may be present for a long time.Activated Carbon which has been allowed to smolder for a long time in a confined space may accumulate carbon monoxide above its lower explosion limit.5.3. Advice for firefightersDue to the toxicity of the gas emitted on thermal decomposition of the products, fire-fighting personnel are to be equipped with autonomous insulating breathing apparatus.SECTION 6 : ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresConsult the safety measures listed under headings 7 and 8.For first aid workerFirst aid workers will be equipped with suitable personal protective equipment (See section 8).6.2. Environmental precautionsPrevent any material from entering drains or waterways.6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning upRetrieve the product by mechanical means (sweeping/vacuuming).6.4. Reference to other sectionsSee also sections 2 & 8-M a d e u n d e r l i c e n c e o f E u r o p e a n L a b e l S y s t e m ?M S D S s o f t w a r e f r o m I n f o D y n e -h t t p : / / w w w . i n f o d y n e . f r -SAFETY DATA SHEET (GHS, Appendix 4)Date : 14/11/2017 Page 4/10 Version : N°3 (23/05/2017)Revision : N°2 (11/05/2015)Jacobi Carbons Industry (Tianjin) Co. LtSteam Activated Carbon, Granular, Coal base - Activated CarbonSECTION 7 : HANDLING AND STORAGERequirements relating to storage premises apply to all facilities where the substance is handled.7.1. Precautions for safe handlingAlways wash hands after handling.Prevent dust generation. Apply good working practices and engineering procedures during discharge.See the exposure controls and personal protection measures in the section 8.Fire prevention :Prevent access by unauthorised personnel.Prevent dust generation.Keep away from heat sources.Immediately retrieve the product in case of spillingRecommended equipment and procedures :For personal protection, see section 8.Observe precautions stated on label and also industrial safety regulations.Ensure containment and adequate ventilation.Whenever workers enter a vessel containing activated carbon, the oxygen content should be determined and work procedures for potentially low oxygen areas should be followed.Prohibited equipment and procedures :No smoking, eating or drinking in areas where the substance is used.7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilitiesKeep away from any chemical (solvents and strong oxidisers).Keep away from heat sources.Store in a well-ventilated area.Keep the container away from dampnessStorageStore and keep away from any chemical (solvents and strong oxidisers).Storage of wet activated carbon in a closed area can deplete oxygen from air.PackagingAlways keep in packaging made of an identical material to the original.Store in the closed, original packaging.7.3. Specific end use(s)No data available.SECTION 8 : EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION8.1. Control parametersOccupational exposure limits :Non otherwise classified dusts : 10 mg/m3- UK / WEL (Workplace exposure limits, EH40/2005, 2007) : CAS TWA :STEL :Ceiling :Definition :Criteria : 7440-44-0 4 mg/m3Biological limits :/Derived no effect level (DNEL) or derived minimum effect level (DMEL): ACTIVATED CARBON - HIGH DENSITY SKELETON (AC-HDS) (CAS: 7440-44-0)-M a d e u n d e r l i c e n c e o f E u r o p e a n L a b e l S y s t e m ?M S D S s o f t w a r e f r o m I n f o D y n e -h t t p : / / w w w . i n f o d y n e . f r -SAFETY DATA SHEET (GHS, Appendix 4)Date : 14/11/2017Page 5/10 Version : N°3 (23/05/2017)Revision : N°2 (11/05/2015) Jacobi Carbons Industry (Tianjin) Co. LtSteam Activated Carbon, Granular, Coal base - Activated CarbonFinal use: Workers.Exposure method: Inhalation.Potential health effects: Short term local effects.DNEL : 3 mg of substance/m3Exposure method: Inhalation.Potential health effects: Long term systemic effects.DNEL : 3 mg of substance/m3Final use: Consumers.Exposure method: Inhalation.Potential health effects: Short term local effects.DNEL : 0.5 mg of substance/m3Exposure method: Inhalation.Potential health effects: Long term systemic effects.DNEL : 0.5 mg of substance/m38.2. Exposure controlsAppropriate engineering controlsLocal exhaust ventilation is recommended.For the use of Granular Activated Carbon, no risk management measures are mandatory, but only recommended.Personal protection measures, such as personal protective equipmentUse personal protective equipment that is clean and has been properly maintained.Store personal protective equipment in a clean place, away from the work area.Never eat, drink or smoke during use. Remove and washcontaminated clothing before re-using. Ensure that there is adequate ventilation, especially in confined areas.- Eye / face protectionAvoid contact with eyes.Before handling powders or dust emission, wear mask goggles in accordance with standard EN166.- Hand protectionWear suitable protective gloves in the event of prolonged or repeated skin contact.- Body protectionWork clothing worn by personnel shall be laundered regularly.After contact with the product, all parts of the body that have been soiled must be washed.- Respiratory protectionAvoid breathing dust.Type of FFP mask :Wear a disposable half-mask dust filter in accordance with standard EN149.Category :- FFP2Particle filter according to standard EN143 :- P (White)Exposure controls linked to environmental protectionLocal exhaust ventilation to remove material at source.Contained storage.Regulated waste disposal.-M a d e u n d e r l i c e n c e o f E u r o p e a n L a b e l S y s t e m ?M S D S s o f t w a r e f r o m I n f o D y n e -h t t p : / / w w w . i n f o d y n e . f r -SAFETY DATA SHEET (GHS, Appendix 4)Date : 14/11/2017Page 6/10 Version : N°3 (23/05/2017)Revision : N°2 (11/05/2015) Jacobi Carbons Industry (Tianjin) Co. LtSteam Activated Carbon, Granular, Coal base - Activated CarbonSECTION 9 : PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical propertiesGeneral information :Physical state :Solid in granules.Color:BlackOdour:NoneImportant health, safety and environmental informationpH (aqueous solution) :7-11pH :Not relevant.Boiling point/boiling range :Not relevant.Flash point interval :Not relevant.Explosive properties, lower explosivity limit (%) :NCExplosive properties, upper explosivity limit (%) :NCVapour pressure (50°C) :Not relevant.Density :200-700 kg/m3Method for determining the density :ASTM D2854Water solubility :Insoluble. 0Method for determining the water solubility :OCDE Guideline 105 (Water solubility).Fat solubility :0Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water :NAMelting point/melting range :Not relevant.Self-ignition temperature :Not relevant.Decomposition point/decomposition range :Not relevant.9.2. Other informationPhysical and chemical properties of the saturated activated carbon may be different from the virgin material.SECTION 10 : STABILITY AND REACTIVITY10.1. ReactivityThis product shows no reactivity under the specified conditions of storage, shipment and use.10.2. Chemical stabilityThis substance is stable under the recommended handling and storage conditions in section 7.10.3. Possibility of hazardous reactionsIn contact with solvents and strong oxidisers.10.4. Conditions to avoidAvoid :- formation of dusts- heating- heat- humidityDusts can form an explosive mixture with air.10.5. Incompatible materialsKeep away from :- strong oxidising agents- combustible material -M a d e u n d e r l i c e n c e o f E u r o p e a n L a b e l S y s t e m ?M S D S s o f t w a r e f r o m I n f o D y n e -h t t p : / / w w w . i n f o d y n e . f r -SAFETY DATA SHEET (GHS, Appendix 4)Date : 14/11/2017 Page 7/10 Version : N°3 (23/05/2017)Revision : N°2 (11/05/2015) Jacobi Carbons Industry (Tianjin) Co. LtSteam Activated Carbon, Granular, Coal base - Activated Carbon- strong acids- solvents10.6. Hazardous decomposition productsThe thermal decomposition may release/form :- carbon monoxide (CO)- carbon dioxide (CO2)SECTION 11 : TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION11.1. Information on toxicological effectsIn the event of dust formed by mechanical action (sanding, sawing, etc..), this dust may cause irritation by inhalation and contact with eyes.11.1.1. SubstancesBased on the physical and chemical properties of activated carbons, the absence of effects on toxicological studies and the therapeutic use of activated carbons as adsorbing agents for the treatment of acute poisoning and acute diarrhoea, it can be expected that Activated Carbon is not absorbed via the oral, dermal and inhalation routes.Acute toxicity :ACTIVATED CARBON - HIGH DENSITY SKELETON (AC-HDS) (CAS: 7440-44-0)Oral route :LD50 > 2000 mg/kgSpecies : RatOECD Guideline 423 (Acute Oral toxicityAcute T oxic Class Method) Inhalation route (Dusts/mist) :LC50 > 64.4 mg/l Species : RatOECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)Skin corrosion/skin irritation :ACTIVATED CARBON - HIGH DENSITY SKELETON (AC-HDS) (CAS: 7440-44-0)Corrosivity :No observed effect.Species : RabbitOECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)Serious damage to eyes/eye irritation :ACTIVATED CARBON - HIGH DENSITY SKELETON (AC-HDS) (CAS: 7440-44-0)Corneal haze :Average score = 0.00Species : RabbitDuration of exposure : 72 hOECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) Iritis :Average score = 0.00Species : RabbitDuration of exposure : 72 hOECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) Conjunctival redness :Average score = 0.67Species : RabbitDuration of exposure : 72 hOECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) Conjunctival oedema :Average score = 0.33Species : RabbitDuration of exposure : 72 h -M a d e u n d e r l i c e n c e o f E u r o p e a n L a b e l S y s t e m ?M S D S s o f t w a r e f r o m I n f o D y n e -h t t p : / / w w w . i n f o d y n e . f r -SAFETY DATA SHEET (GHS, Appendix 4)Date : 14/11/2017 Page 8/10 Version : N°3 (23/05/2017)Revision : N°2 (11/05/2015) Jacobi Carbons Industry (Tianjin) Co. LtSteam Activated Carbon, Granular, Coal base - Activated CarbonOECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)Respiratory or skin sensitisation :- Skin Not sensitising.- Inhalation No information availableACTIVATED CARBON - HIGH DENSITY SKELETON (AC-HDS) (CAS: 7440-44-0)Local lymph node stimulation test :Non-Sensitiser.Species : MouseOECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay)Germ cell mutagenicity :All the key studies indicate that the substance does not show any genotoxic potential. Therefore, it can be concluded that the substance is not mutagenic and does not need to be classified for mutagenicity according to the criteria outlined in Annex I of 1272/2008/EC (CLP / EU GHS) and Annex VI of 67/548/EEC (DSD/DPD).ACTIVATED CARBON - HIGH DENSITY SKELETON (AC-HDS) (CAS: 7440-44-0)Mutagenesis (in vitro) :Negative.Species : BacteriaOECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)Ames test (in vitro) :Negative.With or without metabolic activation.Species : S. typhimurium TA1535Carcinogenicity :No data availableReproductive toxicant :No data availableSpecific target organ systemic toxicity - single exposure :ACTIVATED CARBON - HIGH DENSITY SKELETON (AC-HDS) (CAS: 7440-44-0)Oral route : C > 2000 mg/kg bodyweightSpecies : RatSECTION 12 : ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION12.1. Toxicity12.1.1. SubstancesAs Activated Carbon is insoluble in water, no toxicity is expected.12.2. Persistence and degradabilityActivated Carbon - HDS type is a refractory materail and not amenable to break down by any natural chemical or enzymatic processes.AC - HDS cannot be rendered into a soluble form capable of being absorbed.Therefore it cannot find its way to any cell site where it could be conceivably be biodegraded.12.3. Bioaccumulative potentialThe substance has a very low potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic species (e.g. fish), i.e. a BCF < 10.The substance has no log Kow, the substance size will impede passing membranes (particles with size > 0.5μm) and is not soluble in water. The bioaccumulation study is thus infeasible.12.4. Mobility in soilNo data available, as the substance is insoluble.-M a d e u n d e r l i c e n c e o f E u r o p e a n L a b e l S y s t e m ?M S D S s o f t w a r e f r o m I n f o D y n e -h t t p : / / w w w . i n f o d y n e . f r -SAFETY DATA SHEET (GHS, Appendix 4)Date : 14/11/2017 Page 9/10 Version : N°3 (23/05/2017)Revision : N°2 (11/05/2015) Jacobi Carbons Industry (Tianjin) Co. LtSteam Activated Carbon, Granular, Coal base - Activated Carbon12.5. Results of PBT and vPvB assessmentAccording to the ECHA Guidance on chemical safety assessment, Chapter R11, section R11.1.2.1: "The PBT and vPvB criteria of Annex XIII to the Regulation do not apply to inorganic substances". As Activated Carbon - HDS type is to be considered as an inorganic substance, the PBT assessment is not applicable.12.6. Other adverse effectsNo data available.SECTION 13 : DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONSThe appropriate waste management of the substance and/or its container must be determined in accordance with local regulations.13.1. Waste treatment methodsDo not pour into drains or waterways.Waste :Waste management is carried out without endangering human health, without harming the environment and, in particular without risk to water, air, soil, plants or animals.Recycle or dispose of waste in compliance with current legislation, preferably via a certified collector or company.Do not contaminate the ground or water with waste, do not dispose of waste into the environment.Soiled packaging :Empty container completely. Keep label(s) on container.Give to a certified disposal contractor.SECTION 14 : TRANSPORT INFORMATIONTransport product in compliance with provisions of the ADR for road, RID for rail, IMDG for sea and ICAO/IATA for air transport (ADR 2015 - IMDG 2014 - ICAO/IATA 2016).14.1. UN number136214.2. UN proper shipping nameUN1362=CARBON, ACTIVATED14.3. Transport hazard class(es)- Classification :4.2- ExemptionADR/RID: special provision 646IMDG: special provision 925> Steam activated carbonIATA: special provision A3> Does not meet the defined criteria, after having been submitted to the 4.2 test (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (§ 33.3.1.3.3)) US-DOT, 49CFR173.124: Does not meet the defined criteria, after having been submitted to the 4.2 test (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (§ 33.3.1.3.3))14.4. Packing groupIII14.5. Environmental hazards-14.6. Special precautions for userADR/RID Class Code Pack /doc/7b503059.html,bel Ident.LQ Provis.EQ Cat.Tunnel4.2S2III 4.2400646E14EIMDG Class2°Label Pack gr.LQ EMS Provis.EQ4.2-III0F-A,S-J223 925E1IATA Class2°Label Pack gr.Passager Passager Cargo Cargo note EQ -M a d e u n d e r l i c e n c e o f E u r o p e a n L a b e l S y s t e m ?M S D S s o f t w a r e f r o m I n f o D y n e -h t t p :/ / w w w . i n f o d y n e . f r -SAFETY DATA SHEET (GHS, Appendix 4)Date : 14/11/2017 Page 10/10 Version : N°3 (23/05/2017)Revision : N°2 (11/05/2015) Jacobi Carbons Industry (Tianjin) Co. LtSteam Activated Carbon, Granular, Coal base - Activated Carbon4.2-III4720.5 kg4720.5 kg A3E14.2-III Forbidden Forbidden--A3E1For limited quantities, see part 2.7 of the OACI/IATA and chapter 3.4 of the ADR and IMDG.For excepted quantities, see part 2.6 of the OACI/IATA and chapter 3.5 of the ADR and IMDG.14.7. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of Marpol and the IBC CodeNo data available.SECTION 15 : REGULATORY INFORMATION15.1. Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture The following regulations have been used:- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), review no. 5 (2013)- Container information:No data available.- Particular provisions :No data available.- Standardised American system for the identification of hazards presented by the product in view ofemergency procedures (NFPA 704) :NFPA 704, Labelling: Health=0 Inflammability=1 Instability/Reactivity=1 Specific Risk=none10115.2. Chemical safety assessmentA chemical safety assessment according to the rules stipulated in REACH directive has been performed. The appendices provide anoverview of the risk management measures as based on this assessment.SECTION 16 : OTHER INFORMATIONSince the user's working conditions are not known by us, the information supplied on this safety data sheet is based on our current level of knowledge and on national and community regulations.It is at all times the responsibility of the user to take all necessary measures to comply with legal requirements and local regulations.The information in this safety data sheet must be regarded as a description of the safety requirements relating to the substance and not as a guarantee of the properties thereof.Abbreviations :DNEL : Derived No-Effect LevelADR : European agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by Road.IMDG : International Maritime Dangerous Goods.IATA : International Air Transport Association.ICAO : International Civil Aviation OrganisationRID : Regulations concerning the International carriage of Dangerous goods by rail.-M a d e u n d e r l i c e n c e o f E u r o p e a n L a b e l S y s t e m ?M S D S s o f t w a r e f r o m I n f o D y n e -h t t p : / / w w w . i n f o d y n e . f r -。
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 2016年第35卷第11期·3576·化工进展氧化石墨烯-羧基碳纳米管-多乙烯多胺三维蜂窝状材料吸附CO2胡航标，张涛，崔征，唐盛伟（四川大学化学工程学院，四川成都 610065）摘要：以氧化石墨烯-羧基碳纳米管水溶液为原料，葡萄糖酸β内酯为交联促进剂，通过冷冻干燥法制得负载有多乙烯多胺的氧化石墨烯-羧基碳纳米管三维多孔气凝胶。
通过在制备过程中改变多乙烯多胺的加入量可以调节其负载量。
FTIR、XRD、TG、SEM、XPS、Raman、N2吸脱附等测试表征发现：多乙烯多胺通过酰胺键与基体连接，所得材料呈蜂窝状，且比表面积、孔容和平均孔径随胺类负载量的增加而逐渐降低，引入多乙烯多胺后的气凝胶材料通过化学作用实现CO2吸附。
在200kPa、328K下，多乙烯多胺含量为55.8%的改性吸附剂的CO2吸附量可达3.9mmol/g，为相同条件下未改性吸附剂的9.8倍。
结果表明，将多乙烯多胺、氧化石墨烯和羧基碳纳米管制备成三维蜂窝状多孔材料能有效提高CO2吸附性能。
关键词：纳米材料；二氧化碳；凝胶；吸附中图分类号：TQ 424.29 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2016）11–3576–09DOI：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.11.029Preparation of three-dimensional honeycomb-like material of graphene oxide -carboxylated carbon nanotube-polyethylenepolyamine toadsorb CO2HU Hangbiao，ZHANG Tao，CUI Zheng，TANG Shengwei（College of Chemical Engineering，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，Sichuan，China）Abstract：Using graphene oxide and carboxylated carbon nanotube as base material and gluconic acid β lactone as crosslinking promoter，we prepared a three-dimensional（3D）porous aerogel material functionalized by polyethylenepolyamine（PEPA）with a freeze-drying method. The PEPA loading was adjusted by changing the PEPA dosage. The as-synthesized 3D porous aerogel material were characterized by FTIR，XRD，TG，SEM，XPS，Raman and N2 adsorption-desorption. The results indicated that PEPA was grafted by an amide bond between PEPA and graphene oxide. The 3D porous material had a honeycomb like-appearance. The specific surface area，pore volume and average pore size were decreased with increasing PEPA loading. The adsorption of CO2 on the 3D honeycomb-like material was based on a mechanism of chemisorption. At 200kPa and 328K，the CO2 adsorption capacity on the 3D porous material with a PEPA content of 55.8% reached up to 3.9mmol/g，which was9.8 times to that on the aerogel without PEPA loading. The results showed that crosslinkingpolyethylenepolyamine with graphene oxide sheet and carboxylated carbon nanotube to prepare 3D porous aerogel material effectively improved the CO2 adsorption capacity.Key words：nanomaterials；carbon dioxide；gels；adsorption温室效应造成的全球气候问题已成为人类进入21世纪以来面临的最大生存挑战。
化工进展Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress2022年第41卷第3期“双碳”目标下膜技术发展的思考徐南平，赵静，刘公平（材料化学工程国家重点实验室，江苏南京211816）摘要：实现碳达峰和碳中和，本质在于使经济社会发展彻底摆脱对含碳矿产资源的依赖，其关键在科技创新。
作为一种高效节能的共性分离技术，膜技术在这个过程中可以发挥怎样的作用？本文从零碳能源重构、低碳流程再造、非二气体减排及负碳体系构建四个方面详细阐述了膜技术在实现“双碳”目标的关键技术途径中所发挥的重要作用，主要包括零碳电力存储、绿氢制备及利用、工业流程优化及节能降耗、CO 2及非二气体捕集、CO 2转化再利用等。
文中分析了相关领域膜技术的发展现状，并对“双碳”目标下我国未来膜技术的研究方向和发展目标进行了展望，指出通过一系列颠覆性膜技术的大规模应用，可助力实现可再生能源成本全球最低、低碳流程再造代价最小两大战略目标，为我国实现碳中和提供坚实的技术支撑。
关键词：碳达峰；碳中和；含碳矿产资源；膜技术中图分类号：TQ028.8文献标志码：A文章编号：1000-6613（2022）03-1091-06Thinking of membrane technology development towards “carbon emission peak ”and “carbon neutrality ”targetsXU Nanping,ZHAO Jing,LIU Gongping(State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,Nanjing 211816,Jiangsu,China)Abstract:The essence of achieving “carbon emission peak”and “carbon neutrality”is to completely getrid of the dependence of economic and social development on carbon-containing mineral resources.The key solution towards this issue is to develop innovative science and technology.As an efficient and energy-saving generic separation technology,what role can membrane technology play in this process?This paper discusses the important functions of membrane technology in the pivotal technical approaches to realizing “carbon emission peak”and “carbon neutrality”targets from four aspects:zero-carbon energy system reconstruction,low-carbon-process engineering,non-CO 2gas emission reduction and negative-carbon-system creation.The involved technical approaches mainly included zero-carbon-electricity storage,green hydrogen preparation and utilization,process optimization and energy consumption reduction of current industrial processes,CO 2and non-CO 2gas capture,CO 2conversion and reuse.The recent developments of membrane technology in the relevant fields are analyzed,and the future development directions and goals of the membrane technology in China are prospected.It is anticipated that the large-scale applications of various disruptive membrane technologies in the future could contribute to achieving the two strategic objectives of the lowest renewable energy cost in the world and the minimum priceof low-carbon-process engineering,and then provide technical supports for realizing “carbon neutrality”观点DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2143收稿日期：2021-10-19；修改稿日期：2021-11-09。
英文回答：The process of capturing carbon dioxide using phase change absorbents epasses several intricate steps. Initially, the gas stream containing carbon dioxide is introduced to the absorbent material. This absorbent materialmonly takes theform of a liquid with a pronounced affinity for carbon dioxide, often an amine-based solution. Upon contact, the carbon dioxide is preferentially absorbed into the liquid phase, resulting in a gas stream that is predominantly devoid of carbon dioxide. This absorption process is propelled by the disparity in carbon dioxide concentration between the gas and liquid phases, as well as the chemical attraction between the absorbent and the carbon dioxide molecules.利用相位变化吸收剂捕获二氧化碳的过程经过了若干复杂的步骤。
最初，含二氧化碳的气流被引入吸收材料中。
这种只吸收物质的形式是具有显著的二氧化碳亲和性的液体，往往是一种以地雷为基础的溶液。
接触后，二氧化碳优先被吸收到液态阶段，导致气流主要没有二氧化碳。
