全国2009年10月高等教育自学考试 语言与文化试题 课程代码00838

浙江省2009年10月高教自考《现代汉语》真题一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.下面“雪”字家族的合成词，构词方式都相同的一组是( )A.雪耻、雪花、雪崩B.雪冤、雪菜、雪莲C.雪白、雪原、雪地D.雪片、雪茄、雪碧2.下面词语的层次和构词关系与“试验田”相同的一个是( )A.脑溢血B.自动化C.托儿所D.霉干菜3.选出全是离合词的一组( )A.书本、相信、核实B.结婚、洗澡、理发C.稳定、贩卖、组词D.喝彩、传递、符合4.现代汉语有两种含义，一是指普通话和方言，一是指( )A.现代汉民族的共同语B.民族共同语C.现代标准语D.现代的汉语5.“我们半夜12点钟到的杭州”中的“的”应看作是( )A.肯定副词B.结构助词C.语气词D.动态助词6.“三斤的鱼”和“三斤鱼”的区别在( )A.含义不同，前者指“鱼的大小”，后者指“鱼的重量”B.结构不同，前者是偏正结构，后者是同位结构C.语义关系不同，前者是修饰关系，后者是说明关系D.功能不同，前者是名词性短语，后者是加词性短语7.能带施事宾语的一组动词是( )A.实现、知道、觉得、感到B.爱、害怕、明白、喜欢C.游行、结婚、打针、咳嗽D.来、进来、出去、离开8.下列属兼语句的一句是( )A.我们知道老王会来的。

B.我们证明老王来过。

C.我们会叫老王来的。

D.我们认为老王会来。

9.不是主谓谓语句的是( )A.我知道苏州是天堂一样的地方。

B.苏州风景很美。

C.苏州我去年去过。

D.我苏州还没去过呢。

10.多重复句是( )A.由两个以上的小复句组成的复句B.有两个以上的层次的复句C.由两个以上的分句组成的复句D.有N个复句，就有“N-1”层复句11.选出不属于合作原则的一项( )A.慷慨准则B.质量准则C.数量准则D.方式准则12.对下面这段话的衔接方式的解说，你认为错误的一项是( )王一生简直大名鼎鼎。

全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)is ________.( )product of the human brain governedof culture result of social institutionsis a loan word from ________.South Africa, Australia and New Zealand the first week day after Christmas is ________.( )Day Day's Daybun or bread roll containing fried or grilled steak is called .( )dogthe following words,________ contains a derivational morpheme.the following statements,________ is not true.( )A.“English is a language with explicit grammar and Chineseis a language with implicit grammar.”B.“Compared with Chinese, English has more grammaticalmorphemes that are used more frequently in either speech or writing.”C.“Chinese has no grammatical morphemes.”D.“Grammatical explicitness and consistency are required in English.”can often find personal names in English that are related to .( )events phenomenafigures place of birthis a ________.( )name namename of authorityChinese personal letters generally sound more ________ in tone than their corresponding English ones.10.“To have the tendency to stretch the truth”can be used asthe euphemism for “________”.( )provide true information tell others’ fortunelie stealexpression that can be used as the euphemism for “garbage collector”is “________”.engineer engineerengineer engineer.12.寒舍 is equivalent to ________ in English.home humble home cold house shabby hut Chinese expression“给我一座金山，我也不干”corresponds to the English idiom ________.( )keep one's nose clean for all the tea in China to bat an eyelid make one's flesh creep 14.“Not to mince one's words”means ________.frankly,bluntly or coarsely indirectlythoughtfully mindlesslyexpression “that young man is a bear at mathematics” has a similar meaning to ________.( )young man is bad at mathematics young man is good at mathematicsyoung man is clumsy at mathematics young man is a mathematicianEnglish culture “white” connotes ________.( )English is spoken in ________.( )Britain Zealand ,B,and C.one's thumb against one's forefinger and middle finger means in English body language system.that can fully take the place of spoken wordsare .( )________ is the most difficult among the following in the learning of foreign nonverbal communication.( )Ⅱ.EAch of the following incomplete statements is followed by four each statement and the four alternatives carefullyand decide which of the four alternatives can complete thestatement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)English culture “blue”is often associated with________.( )feelings social positionand envy experienceidiomatic expression“to put one's foot in one's mouth”means .( )say something embarrassingjust make ithave an angry attitudesay something wrong or unsuitablean outright offensive racist world.first we thought we would go for a learned we were needed at home.thenBritish English,to gain the attention of a stranger, speakers often rely on “______”.( )meMa'am/Mister/sir beg your pardonnamed after their designers or manufacturers.often draw a cross by touching the forehead,breast and shoulders to invoke the blessing of Christ,when they are ________.( )is ________.( )instrument used in the communication of thought.function of the human brain.from the very beginningrelated to thinking.the following cultural interpretations for the differences in word order between English and Chinese,________ isreasonable.people are inclined to think inductively, while Chinese people tend to think deductively.people are inclined to think deductively, while Chinese people tend to think inductively.people are direct and Chinese people are indirect.is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language.can get ________ in a drugstore or chemist's shop..Ⅲ.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%) is the carrier and ___________ of culture.English words are distinguished by their ___________ meanings,which are normally attached to conceptual meanings.English all the prefixes are ___________ morphemes.names used as vocatives suggest ___________ between the addresser and the addressee.___________ argumentation the supporting facts or details are located before the conclusion.36.“Son of a bitch”, as a swear word, is more ___________ than“damn it”.describing a place English speakers prefer ___________ language representing fresh ideas.English proverbial expression ___________ corresponds to “明珠暗投” in Chinese.I finally secured a small part in a television play my motherwas as proud as a ___ and told all the neighbours about it. and metaphors must have two components:___________ and ___________.English is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce, cruel person, especially a woman.communication is often used with ___________ behaviours to convey meaning.Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly：(12%)is the American equivalent for the British word “maize”? does the gesture “touching or pointing to one's own nose by raised thumb ”signify in western culture?does “ a shylock" allude to ?would you explain in relation to culture the metaphorical statement “his skin was white as leprosy”?has it been claimed that English texts develop in a linear fashion?will you explain the contrast of explicit grammar in English and implicit grammar in Chinese?Ⅴ.Translation:(16%)you see anything green in my eye?can't thank you enough.——Don't mention it.young man sitting between Mary and John is the editor-in-chief of our campus newspaper.calmest husbands make the stormiest wives.born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.54.敬请光临55.作了婆婆忘了作媳妇时的苦。

狂憎矮己锯悠体豹吝汕新舆鳞喀啄丰姑椽嚎联熬寡师鳃铬张踪窑追闷透畸拇独萨熏挂啃绰澳吧药码腾莽础眩捐惫兹院全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and blacken your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)1. Language is vocal. This statement means that the primary medium of language is _____.A. writingB. speechC. body languageD. native language2. A person who cannot read or write is only an “illiterate”. However, a person who cannot speak is no rmally regarded as “disabled”. This fact shows _____.A. speech existed long before the writing system came into beingB. normal children always learn to speak firstC. speech is more important than writing for people’s daily lifeD. written symbols are designed to represent speech3. “Statesman” and “politician” can both be used to refer to a high gove rnment official.“Politician” conveys a derogative meaning while “statesman” does not. In this sense, the two words are mainly distinguished by their _____ meaning.A. conceptualB. connotativeC. socialD. affective4. Which of the following pairs of English expressions and their Chinese equivalents is NOT correct?A. house-warming—房屋供暖B. wall clock—挂钟C. stop watch—跑表D. contact lenses—隐形眼镜5. I n which sentence does “it” function only as a grammatical subject and not refer to anything? Sentence 1: It is raining.Sentence 2: It is 9:00 o ’clock.Sentence 3: It is very cold.Sentence 4: It is my book.A. Sentence 1,2B. Sentence 3,4C. Sentence 1,2,3D. Sentence 2,3,46. How many morphemes are there in the word “international”?A.0B.lC.2D.37. You invite your English speaking friend to have dinner in your house. When he compliments that the food is very tasty, your response might be “_____”.A. No, it’s not good at all.B. Thank you. I’m glad you like it.C. You are so nice to say so.D. My cooking is poor.8. “Excuse me” can be used in the following occasions EXCEPT _____.A. when people want to pass in front of othersB. when people want to leave a partyC. when people are a few minutes late for an appointmentD. when people want to excuse themselves from company9. “Red tape” means _____.A. a red cassetteB. the rigid unnecessary official rules and regulationsC. the necessary official rules and regulationsD. a red string10. The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” can be“ _____”.A. rats desert a sinking shipB. a small leak will sink a great shipC. he that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. let another’s shipwreck be your seamark11. What does the expression “a blue fit” mean in informal English?A. a girl’s dressB. alarmC. unhappy feelingsD. a sad day12. What is the meaning of “a bear” in “He is a bear at fine arts.”?A. a huge guyB. a wealthy manC. good atD. clumsy13. A Chinese shows respect not only to a superior as his interlocutor. He uses honorifics to refer to his superior no matter whether his superior is present or not. For example, an emperor was called _____ when he was referred to in speeches or letters.A. 殿下B. 皇帝C. 陛下D. 圣上14. Euphemisms are also frequently used in education. If a teacher describes a student as “being able to do better work with help”, he might mean that the student is _____.A. slowB. lazyC. cheating in classD. lying15. The logical relation the sentences below exhibit is _____.－Are your parents coming to the Expo Sites?－Yes, they are.A. coherenceB. cohesionC. connectionD. conduction16. What is the logical relation of the sentences below?“Tickets, please. ” said the conductor. In a moment passengers were holding out their tickets. A. additive B. adversativeC. causalD. temporal17. Uranium is the god of _____.A. heavens and father of TitansB. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods18. In contemporary legal documents _____ are used thinly.A. loan wordsB. adjectivesC. punctuation marksD. long sentences19. Crossi ng one’s forefinger and middle finger signifies_____ in English speaking countries.A. surpriseB. good luckC. victoryD. frustration20. In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligationII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and blacken your answer(s) on the ANSWER SHEET. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. Language is not entirely arbitrary. The words which have association with the sounds or the meaning of the compounds are not arbitrary. Which of the following English or Chinese words are NOT created arbitrarily?A. redB. greenhouseC. 钉子D. 叮当22. Affective meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language. Which of the following expressions are chiefly used to convey affective meaning?A. My god!B. It’s my book.C. You are a liar.D. You are a student.23. Which of the following words have more than one morpheme?A. beesB. mapC. herD. nicer24. The personal names related to the date of birth are quite popular in China. Which of the following names can reflect such feature?A. 蒋飞扬B.贾元春C. 蔡国庆D.潘长江25. “To ride one’s high horse” means _____.A. to be proudB. to be haughtyC. to be energeticD. to be arrogant26. “Purple” in Engl ish culture is often associated with_____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best27. Which of the following is the euphemism of “poor”?A. needyB. underprivilegedC. shabbyD. disadvantaged28. In the normal text sentences are connected _____.A. arbitrarilyB. hypotacticallyC. paratacticallyD. randomly29. Regulators, which help us to interact with other people, include _____.A. head-scratchingB. hand gesturesC. lip-bitingD. head nods30. Human beings have a strong sense of territory and their territories can be classified into the following categories _____.A. privateB. publicC. primaryD. secondaryIII. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)31. The thinking in which images are particularly attended to is called _____ thinking, which the Chinese people are particularly good at.32. The Thames is a _____ in Britain.33. The derivational morpheme in word “teacher” is_____.34. Terms of family relationships like mother, father, son, uncle, or more familiar terms like mom, dad, and aunty are termed as standard _____.35. The English equivalent for “坐失良机” is “to miss the _____”.36. In English _____ is often used metaphorically to mean gloomy or dismal.37. Terms of humility are used to show the speaker’s _____.38. Induction means the drawing of a general _____ from a number of known facts.39. ____ in English is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce, cruel person, especially a woman.40. Of the five categories of gestures _____ are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours with widely agreed meanings in a society.IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)41. What are the properties of culture?42. Bot h “pretty” and “handsome” mean nice looking. But “pretty” is often used together with “girl”, “woman”, “flower”, etc. “Handsome” frequently appears together with “boy”，“man”,“car”, etc. In what meaning are these two words different?43. Give examples to show the differences in what can be advertised between English and Chinese culture.44. How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?V. Translation. (18%)45. He is not a man to act rashly.46. She is in a family way.47. your father(用敬语翻译)48．您先请进。

全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)nguage is ________.( )A.the product of the human brainB.rule governedC.independent of cultureD.the result of social institutions2.Culture is a loan word from ________.A.FrenchtinC.RomanD.Norwegian3.In South Africa, Australia and New Zealand the first week day after Christmas is________.( )A.Boxing DayB.Thanksgiving DayC.EasterD.St.Valentine's Day4.A bun or bread roll containing fried or grilled steak is called .( )A.hamburgerB.sandwichC.hot dogD.pudding5.In the following words,________ contains a derivational morpheme.A.nicerB.mapsC.precedeD.worked6.In the following statements,________ is not true.( )A.“English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese is a language withimplicit grammar.”B.“Compared with Chinese, English has more grammatical morphemes that are usedmore frequently in either speech or writing.”C.“Chinese has no grammatical morphemes.”D.“Grammatical explicitness and consistency are required in English.”7.We can often find personal names in English that are related to .( )A.historical eventsB.natural phenomenaC.influential figuresD.the place of birth8.Abraham is a ________.( )A.religious nameB.flower nameC.weapon name of authority9.The Chinese personal letters generally sound more ________ in tone than their corresponding English ones.A.formalrmalC.ornateD.plain10.“To have the tendency to stretch the truth”can be used as the euphemism for“________”.( )A.to provide true informationB.to tell others’ fortuneC.to lieD.to steal11.The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “garbage collector”is“________”.A.collecting engineerB.garbage engineerC.sanitary engineerD.sanitation engineer.12.寒舍is equivalent to ________ in English.A.my homeB.my humble homeC.my cold houseD.my shabbyhut13.The Chinese expression“给我一座金山，我也不干”corresponds to the Englishidiom ________.( )A.to keep one's nose cleanB.not for all the tea in ChinaC.not to bat an eyelidD.to make one's flesh creep14.“Not to mince one's words”means ________.A.speak frankly,bluntly or coarselyB.speak indirectlyC.speak thoughtfullyD.speak mindlessly15.The expression “that young man is a bear at mathematics”has a similar meaning to________.( )A.that young man is bad at mathematicsB.that young man is good at mathematicsC.that young man is clumsy at mathematicsD.that young man is a mathematician16.In English culture “white”connotes ________.( )A.deathB.crueltyC.reactionD.innocence17.British English is spoken in ________.( )A.Great BritainB.AustraliaC.New ZealandD.A,B,andC.18.Rubbing one's thumb against one's forefinger and middle finger means inEnglish body language system.A.moneyB.dirtC.OKD.victory19.Gestures that can fully take the place of spoken words are .( )A.illustratorsB.emblemsC.regulatorsD.adapters20.Generally ________ is the most difficult among the following in the learning offoreign nonverbal communication.( )A.transferB.reassociationC.conflictD.reinterpretation Ⅱ.EAch of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21.In English culture “blue”is often associated with ________.( )A.unhappy feelingsB.high social positionC.jealousy and envycking experience22.The idiomatic expression“to put one's foot in one's mouth”means .( )A.to say something embarrassingB.to just make itC.to have an angry attitudeD.to say something wrong or unsuitable23.________is an outright offensive racist world.A.GirlB.BoyC.NiggerD.Negro24.At first we thought we would go for a holiday.________we learned we were neededat home.A.UnfortunatelyB.And thenC.UnexpectedlyD.Subsequently25.In British English,to gain the attention of a stranger, speakers often rely on“______”.( )A.Excuse meB.HelloC.Miss/Ma'am/Mister/sirD.I beg your pardon26.________are named after their designers or manufacturers.A.FordB.ChanelC.SalemD.Rolex27.Westerners often draw a cross by touching the forehead,breast and shoulders toinvoke the blessing of Christ,when they are ________.( )A.angryB.shockedC.sadD.amusednguage is ________.( )A.an instrument used in the communication of thought.B.the function of the human brain.C.nonverbal from the very beginningD.closely related to thinking.29.In the following cultural interpretations for the differences in word order betweenEnglish and Chinese,________ is reasonable.A.English people are inclined to think inductively, while Chinese people tend tothink deductively.B.English people are inclined to think deductively, while Chinese people tend tothink inductively.C.English people are direct and Chinese people are indirect.D.English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language.30.One can get ________ in a drugstore or chemist's shop.A.medicinesB.chemicalsC.toiletriesD.magazines. Ⅲ.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)nguage is the carrier and ___________ of culture.32.Many English words are distinguished by their ___________ meanings,which arenormally attached to conceptual meanings.33.In English all the prefixes are ___________ morphemes.34.Given names used as vocatives suggest ___________ between the addresser and theaddressee.35.In ___________ argumentation the supporting facts or details are located before theconclusion.36.“Son of a bitch”, as a swear word, is more ___________ than “damn it”.37.When describing a place English speakers prefer ___________ languagerepresenting fresh ideas.38.The English proverbial expression ___________ corresponds to “明珠暗投”inChinese.39.When I finally secured a small part in a television play my mother was as proud as a___ and told all the neighbours about it.40.Similes and metaphors must have two components:___________ and ___________.41.___________in English is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce,cruel person, especially a woman.42.Nonverbal communication is often used with ___________ behaviours to conveymeaning.Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly：(12%)43.What is the American equivalent for the British word “maize”?44.What does the gesture “touching or pointing to one's own nose by raised thumb ”signify in western culture?45.What does “a shylock" allude to ?46.How would you explain in relation to culture the metaphorical statement “his skinwas white as leprosy”?47.Why has it been claimed that English texts develop in a linear fashion?48.How will you explain the contrast of explicit grammar in English and implicitgrammar in Chinese?Ⅴ.Translation:(16%)49.Do you see anything green in my eye?50.I can't thank you enough.——Don't mention it.51.The young man sitting between Mary and John is the editor-in-chief of our campusnewspaper.52.The calmest husbands make the stormiest wives.53.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.54.敬请光临55.作了婆婆忘了作媳妇时的苦。

全国2009年10月高等教育自学考试大学语文试题一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内.错选、多选或未选均无分.1.贯穿《寡人之于国也》始终的论题是( )A.民何以才能够加多B.小恩小惠不是王道C.实行王道的根本措施D.实行王道的正确态度答案：A（本文阐述了孟子的王道思想和实行王道的根本措施，全文围绕“民不加多”和如何使“民加多”的问题展开论述。

）2.《就任北京大学校长之演说》中,提倡"砥砺德行"所针对的不良校风是( )A.求学为升官发财B.读书为混取学历C.不正当娱乐泛滥D.不敬爱师长学友答案：2C（AB两项是提倡“抱定宗旨”所针对的不良校风，D项是提倡“敬爱师友”所针对的不良校风。

）3.《咬文嚼字》中,运用"推敲"这个典故,是为了说明( )A.文字的运用不可粗枝大叶B.斟酌文字是调整思想感情C.文学的文字注重联想意义D.文字运用必须有创造精神答案： B（文章第四自然段开头指出，有些人认为更改一两个字不过是文字顺畅，其实更动了文字，就同时更动了思想感情。

接下来运用“推敲”这个典故，就是为了说明这一点，即斟酌文字是调整思想感情。

）4.《冯谖客孟尝君》中,"孟尝君就国于薛’’意味着( )A.失去齐王信任,罢官归去B.衣锦荣归故里,光宗耀祖C.得到百姓拥护,奉迎返乡D.领受齐王派遣,出使薛国答案：A（“寡人不敢以先王之臣为臣”是齐王的一种委婉说辞，即让孟尝君辞官还乡。

由此可见，孟尝君已失去齐王的信任，只能“就国于薜”，回到自己的封地。

）5.下列作品中,主要运用细节描写手法刻画人物性格的是( )A.《张中丞传后叙》B.《种树郭橐驼传》C.《马伶传》D.《先妣事略》答案： D（《先妣事略》全篇文字简洁省净，情感含蕴多藏，寄深味于平易质朴之中。

刻画母亲形象，多用细节描写，于日常细微之处见精神。

全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ．Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives．Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement．(20%)1．Venus is the Roman god of ．( )A．beauty and love B．agricultureC．the departed spirits D．the sea2．The expression “to kick the bucket” means ．( )A．to be angry B．to go awayC．to die D．to get out3．Oscar is a ．( )A．religious name B．flower nameC．name of authority D．weapon name4．In English culture “green” connotes ．( )A．longevity B．prosperityC．immaturity D．sincerity5．The phrasal verb “look towards” corresponds in meaning to the single word: ( )A．inspect B．examineC．seek D．anticipate6．The English-speaking people use the word “chicken” metaphorically to refer to ．( ) A．a small creature B．a cowardC．a fool D．a hero7．Camellia is a ．( )A．religious name B．flower nameC．weapon name D．name of authority8．A game played on horseback by two teams of players on a ground is called ．( ) A．hockey B．poloC．rugby D．golf9．A sweet dish typically composed of fruit baked with pastry is called ．( )A．hamburger B．sandwichC．hot dog D．pudding10．The nonverbal messages that are consistent with accompanying verbal messages, but add to or strengthen or clarify the verbal message serve the function of ．( )A．regulating B．repeatingC．complementing D．accenting11．The word coined in 1971 to refer to either a male or a female who presides over a meeting or an organization is “”．( )A．chair-sitter B．chairpersonC．president D．pressman12．The racist word for persons of Italian of Spanish birth or descent is “_______”．( )A．Dagos B．KikesC．Japs D．Polacks13．Textual connectives are used to link ______．（）A．words and phrases in a sentence B．clauses in a sentenceC．sentences and paragraphs D．different texts14．贵府is equivalent to in English．（）A．your honorable home B．your homeC．your valuable house D．your house 15．Language, culture, and thought , each influencing and shaping the other two．（）A．alternate B．changeC．interact D．substitute16．“Chewing one’s finger nails”signifies ．（）A．contempt B．guiltyC．happiness D．worry17．The relationship between language and culture is that ．（）A．language and culture interact B．culture determines languageC．language determines culture D．language and culture are parallel18．The distance zone ranging from 18 inches to about four feet is referred to as the ______zone．（）A．intimate B．publicC．casual-personal D．socio-consultative19．Which of the following sentences demonstrates hypotactic relation?（）A．Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast．B．I think he is right．C．I told him exactly when I would leave for Paris．D．He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc．20．The difference found in answers to negative questions between English and Chinese demonstrates that _______．（）A．English speakers are direct and Chinese speakers are indirectB．English speakers are individualistic and Chinese speakers are politeC．English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic languageD．Chinese speakers are strongly influenced by the environment, the way in which the question is formed, while English speakers are notⅡ．Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives．Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement．There might be more than one correct answer．(10%) 21．“To be all thumbs” is synonymous to “________”．（）A．to be proud B．to be clumsyC．to be good at doing something D．to be bad at doing something22．“黑面包” can be translated into “________”．（）A．black bread B．blue breadC．brown bread D．red bread23．“_________” is an euphemism for “lavatory”．（）A．Bathroom B．Comfort roomC．Convenient room D．Powder room24．When people are introduced, ________．（）A．they always shake handsB．they normally shake hands in formal or business situationsC．they do not always shake handsD．men shake hands more often than women25．In English speaking countries, ________ are frequently advertised．（）A．sexual service B．domestic serviceC．medicines D．cigarette26．Body language includes such meaning representing devices as（）A．facial expressions B．gesturesC．dress D．artifacts27．Which one is right in the following statements? （）A．Hypotactic language is unambiguous and paratactic language is ambiguous．B．Hypotactic language like English relies on conjunctions for sentence construction．C．Paratactic language like Chinese never relies on conjunctions for sentence construction．D．Hypotactic and paratactic relations can be found in both English and Chinese．28．Conceptual meaning refers to __________ content．（）A．cognitive B．stylisticC．associative D．logical29．In a flowery Chinese descriptive text one can find quite a number of ________．（）A．adjectives and adverbs B．hyperbolesC．four-character expressions D．similes and metaphors30．Culture in its technical sense is _________．（）A．human specific B．a social phenomenonC．a national phenomenon D．a historical phenomenonⅢ．Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression．(12%)31．The word in American English for “电梯” is _______________．32．In informal situations English speakers tend to address others by using their ________ names．33．Conceptual meaning is the ____________ a word conveys．34．It is often said that English is a language with _______________ grammar and Chinese a language with ___________ grammar．35．The English equivalent idiom for “开某人玩笑” or “捉弄某人” is ______________．36．If he’d thought I would sit there meek as a ___________ while he abused my family, he must have got a real surprise．37．But this is an odd thing, though he’s impulsive, he’s as stubborn as a _____________．38．When we talk about international affairs, “___________” may be used as the euphemism for a “military action”．39．It has been claimed that the linear development of English texts is caused by the ________ thinking style preferred by English speakers．40．The connective “further” in “My client says he does not know this witness．Further, he denies even having seen her or spoken to her．” indicates a(n) relation between sentences．41．Language is vocal, which means that speech is the of language．42．Of the five categories of gestures are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours with widely agreed meanings in a society．Ⅳ．Answer the following questions briefly．(12%)43．What is the major contrast between English and Chinese letters of request?44．What is the British equivalent for the American word “schedule”?45．What does the expression “a white elephant” mean?46．What is a future-oriented society?47．Which aspect of English culture does the proverb “an Englishman’s house is his castle”reflect?48．Why are branching sentence patterns preferred in English?Ⅴ．Translation．(16%)49．Would you like some more of this fish?50．Wine ended him．51．Besides football, the most popular games in the United States are baseball and basketball．52．Old-fashioned notions have no place in today’s society．53．The theory of relativity gave birth to an enormous number of ideas in physics．54．敬请光临。

课程代码：00603I．Supply the missing paragraph(20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing．Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words．Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity withthe passage provided．The Breakdown of CommunicationIt is commonly acknowledged that language problems make communication between people from different cultures difficult．Because of the language barriers，people cannot express their feelings clearly to each other．However, communication problems also exist between individuals from the same culture．Although they have the same cultural background，they sometimes cannot understand each other well．Communication between individuals breaks down because of many factors．The most significant ones include personality, age differenceand competition between individuals．Personality has a great influence on communication between people．First, the sharing of common interests is often essential for initiating communication．If two people hold completely different attitudes，it will not be easy for them to start communicating with each other．Second，the willingness to express their feelings and opinions freely is needed if meaningful communication is to be developed．Some people do not want to talk about controversial subjects, fearing that this will hurt their relationship with friends. Instead, they keep their discussion of topics at a very superficial level，which prevents them from knowing and understanding each other. The lack of understanding leads to unsuccessful communication. It is clear that personality, to some extent，affects theinitiation and maintenance of communication.Although age difference gives rise to communication problems between two generations，competition poses an even greater problem when people are about the same age．Intense competition in the modern world creates tremendous pressure on people．In order to get ahead in a career or in school, people tend to devote most of their time to working，studying，or other activities that enhance their prospects for the future．As a consequence，they have little inclination to communicate with others. They are anxious about their achievements because those are the measures of success in life. So, keen competition also discourages people from having agood understanding of each other.Communicating with other people involves much effort because people’s personality, the generation gap and keen competition bring about potential problems. These problems are constantly with us, and any of them maylead to a breakdown in communication between individuals.II．Write an outline(20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a ‘‘topic outline’’ for it．What Is a Rodeo?“Rodeo” is a Spanish word meaning ‘‘gathering place or marketplace for cattle.” A rodeo itself is a competitive contest based loosely on traditional cowboy skills of riding and roping．It consists of six major events：riding an untamed horse in a saddle；riding an untamed horse without a saddle；riding a bull；roping a calf；wrestling a bull to the ground；racing horses around barrels with women riders. A rodeo is perhaps the mostgenuinely American of all sports．The first rodeo took place following a cattle roundup in the 1880s．From this informal cowboy pastime，a colorful spectacle has evolved that contains many familiar American elements--the exciting action of bucking horses and bulls，the explosive masculine environment，the hot dog stands，beer barrels，boots，jeans，andcowboy hats．Today, most rodeos are staged in a large，flat arena that is fenced off to protect the viewing public．Grandstands are erected on two sides of the arena；on the other sides are places to hold the horses，calves，and bulls．Nearby are narrow chutes from which animals are released into the arena．On a platform a loudspeaker system is set up for the announcer, who introduces the riders and comments on the events as they happen．Near the arena are refreshment stands where people gather to buy food and drink. Portable rest rooms are set up near the grandstand，and an ambulance is parked nearby in case of an accident.An opening parade of proud riders on proud horses usually begins a rodeo；the performers carry flapping national and state flags．Then the two-act performance begins．Calf roping and bull wrestling are timed events．In the fastest possible time，a man must rope and throw to the ground a calf and tie three of its feet together．In bull wrestling，the object is to tumble the bull onto its back with its head and all its feet in line．Calf roping has been done under fifteen seconds，and a bull has been wrestled in less than ten seconds．When riding an animal，a contestant mounts before the chute gates are opened．The rider must stay on the bucking animal for eight seconds；points are given for the performance of both the animal and the contestant．In all riding events，the contestant is disqualified if he touches the animal with his free hand．Probably the most difficult rodeo feat is Brahman bull riding．During this event, a rodeo comes to resemble a circus because gaily-costumed clowns come into the arena to distract the bull’s attention from fallen riders．To stay on a bucking bull for as long as eight seconds is one of the most challenging tasks in a rodeo. Spectatorseagerly wait for this event．The present circus extends far beyond the region where the contests first developed．Now rodeos are popular throughout the western half of the U．S．A．and in major eastern and southern cities．Australia also stages these events．One of the biggest rodeos of all is held during the annual Calgary Stampede in Calgary, Canada．III．Compose an essay(60 points)Traditionally, Chinese families would gather at home and have a big dinner on the eve of the Chinese New Year．In recent years, however, many families choose to have the dinner at restaurants．Which do you think is a better choice, and why? Write a 300-word expository essay stating your views.2009年10月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题答案及评分标准（课程代码：0603 ）I: Supply the missing paragraph.（20分）The age difference between generations also has a significant influence on communication. People of different generations receive very different education. Since society is advancing at a great pace, it is not surprising that they hold very divided opinions because of the wide gap in age. Disagreement on many topics between people of different generations results in difficulties for effective communication. For example, some parents expect their children to share their views, yet the values that the younger generation holds vary greatly from those accepted by the older generation. Therefore, communication between generations declines because of the lack ofunderstanding.【评分参考】1.第一部分满分20分，按四个档次给分。

全国2003年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838第一部分选择题（共30分）I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1.A cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called _____.A. hamburgerB. sandwichC. saladD. pudding2.All languages have _____ terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives.A. generationB. subtleC. complicatedD. kinship3.English speakers are direct people who tend to _____.A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaningB. locate central meaning before central meaningC. locate the modified after the modifierD. think holistically4.In English all the prefixes are _____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. grammaticalC. derivationalD. implicit5.Which of the following statements is not true?A. English speakers have a relatively small range of possibilities to select from when namingtheir newly born babies.B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.6.If an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness, he may say _____.A.“Do you really think so?”B.“Oh, I wish it could be true.”C.“Oh, you are too polite.”D.“No, I don’t think so.”7.“To make a cat laugh”means _____.A. to be comicB. to be tragicC. to be proudD. to be serious8.The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴”can be “_____”.A. Rats desert a sinking shipB.A small leak will sink a great shipC. He that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. Let another’s shipwreck be your seamark9.“Green”connotes _____ in English culture.A. ProsperityB. immaturityC. longevityD. sincerity10.“Brown paper”corresponds to _____.A.棕色纸B.秘密文件C.揭露社会黑暗的报纸D.牛皮纸11.The English equivalent for “空袭紧急警报”is _____.A. blue alertB. white alertC. red alertD. black alert12.“Sanitary engineer”is the euphemistic expression for “_____”.A. garbage collectorB. cleanerC. plumberD. gardener13.“敬请指正”can be treated as the Chinese equivalent of “_____”in English.A. I’d like to have your comments.B. Will you please point out my errors?C. I’d like to have errors correctedD. I’ll gratefully expect your comments.14.When the speaker or writer discusses many things indirectly related to the central idea ofthe text and /or to each other he or she develops the text in a(n) _____ fashion.A .linear B. spiralC. inductiveD. deductive15.The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is thepronunciation of _____ in words.A. rB. aC. whD. er16.The first _____ made in 449 B.C. had strong impact on the laws made later in mostEuropean countries.A. Roman lawB. Napoleonic CodeC. French lawD. British law17.The distance zone ranging from 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred so as the _____ zone.A. publicB. intimateC. socio-consultativeD. casual-personal18.Raising one’s open hand with palm down to one’s throat means “_____”in English culture.A. Shame on youB. I’m fullC. Kill yourselfD. You’re shorter than I19.In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors ininterpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligation20.The brand name _____ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorativein English culture?A.青岛啤酒B.白象牌电池C.泸洲老窖D.菊花电扇II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21._____ are some important properties of language.A. UnsystematicB. Human specificC. VocalD. A set of symbols22.In the expression “to meet one’s Waterloo”,the word “Waterloo”alludes to _____.A. a great victoryB. an achievementC. a final defeatD. a difficult or obstacle23.The English brand names _____ are coinages.A. TraneB. PlaytexC. PierreD. Cartan24.The word “woman”can be defined conceptually as _____.A. an adult femaleB. prone to tearsC. long hair wearingD. biped25.“Purple”in English culture is often associated with _____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best26._____ are usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culutre.A. Age and incomeB. Love and marriageC. Political and religious beliefsD. Personal opinions about daily affairs27._____ is onomatopoeic words.A. SquealB. MurmurC. RushD. Click28.When you respond to the compliment “You look very nice in this dress”,you should say“_____”.A. Thank you.B. No, I don’t think so at all.C. Do you really think so? I was not sure whether it suits me.D. It’s very kind of you to say so.29._____ serve the function of substitution.A. Saying louder than usual to emphasize a verbal messageB. Pausing before saying something importantC. Waving goodbyeD. Beckoning another person to come30.A “slow”student may be euphemistically referred to as “_____”.A. a mentally retarded studentB. one who is working at his/her own levelC. one who can do better work with helpD. a problem student第二部分非选择题(共70分)III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.The invisible, portable space that surrounds us is referred to as _____ space.32._____ thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.33.“Pay one’s debt to nature”is the euphemism for _____.34.The English equivalent of “寒舍”is _____.35.In an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as _____and often located at the initial part of the paragraph.36.It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more _____ than Englishadvertising.37.Since language represents thought, it is _____ by thought.38.It is generally true that an English word may represent a _____ or associative meaningdifferent from that of its translation equivalent in Chinese.39.The English functional equivalent for “敬请光临”is _____.40.The English proverbial equivalent for “金无足赤，人无完人”is _____.41.The English expression _____ is equivalent to “秃子头上的虱子——明摆着”inChina.42._____ refers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasis on scandals, or resentingordinary news in a sensational manner.IV. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is the English equivalent for “黑信”?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”?45.What is the major difference between English and Chinese descriptive texts in style?46.Why is it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language?47.How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?48.What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?V. Translation:(16%)49.He breathed his last during the night.50.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.51.The greatest artist of the first half of this century has long last gone the way of all flesh.52.A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.53.为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼。

绝密★考试结束前全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and blacken your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)1. Language is vocal. This statement means that the primary medium of language is _____.A. writingB. speechC. body languageD. native language2. A person who cannot read or write is only an “illiterate”. However, a person who cannot speak is normally regarded as“disabled”. This fa ct shows _____.A. speech existed long before the writing system came into beingB. normal children always learn to speak firstC. speech is more important than writing for people’s daily lifeD. written symbols are designed to represent speech3. “Statesman” and “politician” can both be used to refer to a high gover nment official. “Politician” conveys a derogative meaning while “statesman” does not. In this sense, the two words are mainly distinguished by their _____ meaning.A. conceptualB. connotativeC. socialD. affective4. Which of the following pairs of English expressions and their Chinese equivalents is NOT correct?A. house-warming—房屋供暖B. wall clock—挂钟C. stop watch—跑表D. contact lenses—隐形眼镜5. In which sentence does “it” function on ly as a grammatical subject and not refer to anything?Sentence 1: It is raining.Sentence 2: It is 9:00 o ’clock.Sentence 3: It is very cold.Sentence 4: It is my book.A. Sentence 1,2B. Sentence 3,4C. Sentence 1,2,3D. Sentence 2,3,46. How many morphemes are there in the word “international”?7. You invite your English speaking friend to have dinner in your house. When he compliments that the food is very tasty, your response might be “_____”.A. No, it’s not good at all.B. Thank you. I’m glad you like it.C. You are so nice to say so.D. My cooking is poor.8. “Excuse me” can be used in the following occasions EXCEPT _____.A. when people want to pass in front of othersB. when people want to leave a partyC. when people are a few minutes late for an appointmentD. when people want to excuse themselves from company9. “Red tape” means _____.A. a red cassetteB. the rigid unnecessary official rules and regulationsC. the necessary official rules and regulationsD. a red string10. The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” canbe“ _____”.A. rats desert a sinking shipB. a small leak will sink a great shipC. he that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. let another’s shipwreck be your seamark11. What does the expression “a blue fit” mean in informal English?A. a girl’s dressB. alarmC. unhappy feelingsD. a sad day12. What is the meaning of “a bear” in “He is a bear at fine arts.”?A. a huge guyB. a wealthy manC. good atD. clumsy13. A Chinese shows respect not only to a superior as his interlocutor. He uses honorifics to refer to his superior no matter whether his superior is present or not. For example, an emperor was called _____ when he was referred to in speeches or letters.A. 殿下B. 皇帝C. 陛下D. 圣上14. Euphemisms are also frequently used in education. If a teacher describes a student as “being able to do better workwith help”, he might mean that the student is _____.A. slowB. lazyC. cheating in classD. lying15. The logical relation the sentences below exhibit is _____.－Are your parents coming to the Expo Sites?－Yes, they are.A. coherenceB. cohesionC. connectionD. conduction16. What is the logical relation of the sentences below?“Tickets, please. ” said the conductor. In a moment passengers were holding out their tickets.A. additiveB. adversativeC. causalD. temporal17. Uranium is the god of _____.A. heavens and father of TitansB. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods18. In contemporary legal documents _____ are used thinly.A. loan wordsB. adjectivesC. punctuation marksD. long sentences19. Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger signifies_____ in English speaking countries.A. surpriseB. good luckC. victoryD. frustration20. In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligationII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and blacken your answer(s) on the ANSWER SHEET. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%) 21. Language is not entirely arbitrary. The words which have association with the sounds or the meaning of the compounds are not arbitrary. Which of the following English or Chinese words are NOT created arbitrarily?A. redB. greenhouseC. 钉子D. 叮当22. Affective meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language.Which of the following expressions are chiefly used to convey affective meaning?A. My god!B. It’s my book.C. You are a liar.D. You are a student.23. Which of the following words have more than one morpheme?A. beesB. mapC. herD. nicer24. The personal names related to the date of birth are quite popular in China. Which of the following names can reflect such feature?A. 蒋飞扬B.贾元春C. 蔡国庆D.潘长江25. “To ride one’s high horse” means _____.A. to be proudB. to be haughtyC. to be energeticD. to be arrogant26. “Purple” in English culture is often associated with_____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best27. Which of the following is the euphemism of “poor”?A. needyB. underprivilegedC. shabbyD. disadvantaged28. In the normal text sentences are connected _____.A. arbitrarilyB. hypotacticallyC. paratacticallyD. randomly29. Regulators, which help us to interact with other people, include _____.A. head-scratchingB. hand gesturesC. lip-bitingD. head nods30. Human beings have a strong sense of territory and their territories can be classified into the following categories _____.A. privateB. publicC. primaryD. secondary非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

2009年10月全国自学考试英语（一）真题(总分100,考试时间150分钟)课程代码00012Ⅰ.V ocabulary and Structure（10 points, 1 point each）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Ⅱ.Cloze Test （10 points,1 point each）下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension（30 points,2 points each）从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.31.32.33.34.Ⅳ.Word Spelling（10 points,1 point for two words）将下列汉语单词译成英语。

每个单词的启类首字母及字母数目均已给出。

请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。

36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.Ⅴ.Word Form （10 points,1 point each）将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白，答案写在答题纸上。

56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.Ⅵ.Translation from Chinese into English（15 points,3 points each）将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。

66.67.68.69.70.Ⅶ.Translation from English into Chinese（15 points）将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。