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海洋文化对英语词汇的影响一、海洋文化与英语词汇迄今为止，关于文化的定义有很多。
文化人类学意义上的“文化”可以说是广义“文化”，它包括了人类所创造的全部成果，也可以包括人类生活各方面的表现。
因而可以说文化是人类在历史发展进程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。
文化学家通常把文化分为三个层面：表层为物质文化，它是通过人们制作的各种实物产品表现出来的，包括建筑物、服饰、食品、用品、工具等；中层为制度文化，它是通过人们共同遵守的社会规范和行为准则表现出来的，包括制度、法规、以及相应的设施和风俗习惯等；深层即精神文化，它是通过人们思维活动所形成的方式和产品表现出来的，既包括价值观念、思维方式、审美趣味、道德情操、宗教信仰，也包括哲学、科学、文学艺术方面的成就和产品。
文化的创造离不开语言，语言的变化和发展又往往离不开文化的变化和发展。
语言是人类用来表达思想，传递感情的交际工具。
语言以不同地区、不同民族、不同社会集团的社会成员的共同认可为前提。
以约定俗成的方式，形成各种语音符号和书写符号，加上各种组合规则和表现形式，反映了使用该语言的民族的自然环境、历史背景、经济发展和风土人情。
总之，民族语言与民族文化紧密联系在——起，民族语言也就是一定的民族文化的组成部分。
任何文化的特点都离不开一定的地理环境，每种文化都因共地域、气候、环境的特点而具有不同的特征。
英国所处的地理环境和历史背景，构成了鲜明的海洋文化，因而它的语言也充分展示了海洋文化的特点。
关于海洋文化，曲金良先生是这样表述的：海洋文化是和海洋有关的文化；就是源于海洋而生成的文化，也即人类对海本身的认识、利用和固有海洋而创造的精神的、行为的、社会的和物质的文明生活内涵。
所以，海洋文化既与航海的工具有关，而且与民族的航海实践，生活习俗和思维方式有关。
Module 7Unit 3 Under the sea (词汇识记·汉译英) 教案序号：11-12 备课人：审核人：2016/3/181.vi. 戴潜水通气管潜泳n.（潜水艇或潜水者的）通气管2.n. 水族馆；水族箱；养鱼缸3.n. 轶事；奇闻4.须鲸5.adj.每年的;按年度计算的n.年刊；年鉴6.n. 迁徙；迁居；移居7.vt. 当场见到;目击n.目击者;证人;证据8.n. 住所；住宿9.n. 岸；海滨10.adv.& adj. 近海（的）；离岸（的）11.prep. 在……对面adj. 相对的；相反的12.vi. 大叫；呼喊n.叫声；喊声13.vi. & n. 暂停；中止14.n. 桨；橹15.n. 望远镜16.n. 协作；配合17.n. （鲸鱼的）鼻孔；（隧道的）通风口18.vi. & n. 跳水（的动作）；潜水（的动作）；俯冲19.vi. (fled, fled) 逃避；逃跑vt. 逃离20.n. （捕鲸用的）鱼叉21.vt. 拖；拉；扯22.n. 深（度）；深处23.adv. 其间；同时24.在此期间；与此同时25.n. 一片嘴唇；（容器或洞的）边，口26.vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策27.vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃28.n. 鲨鱼29.帮助（某人）摆脱困境或危难30.n. 关系；血缘关系；交往31.n. 保存；保护32.n. 冰山班级姓名33.vi. 慢跑vt.轻推；轻撞34.n. & adj. 海边（的）；海滨（的）35.n. 网；网状物；网络36.n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象37.n. 潮（汐）；潮水；潮流38.n. 维（数）；方面；侧面39.vi. 思考vt.映射；反射；思考40.adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的41.n. 细胞；（蜂房的）巢室42.adj. 意识到的；知道的43.对……知道、明白；意识到……44.adj. 生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的45.adj. 好的；整齐的；匀称的46.n. 海草；海藻47.adj. 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的48.n. 闪光信号灯；手电筒；闪光灯49.上下翻转50.vt. & vi. 吮吸51.adj. 锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的52.adj. 好吃的；可口的53.adj. 巨人的；巨大的n. 巨人；伟人54.adj. & n. 灰色（的）55.vt. 恐吓vi.受惊吓56.吓死了57.adj. 浅的；肤浅的；浅显的58.adj. 陡峭的59.n. 界限；分界线60.南极洲61.adj. 使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的62.vi. & n. 跳；跳跃vt. 跳过（障碍）63.n. 海豹；封条；印章64.vt. 退还；偿还n.退款65.n. 养老金；退休金66.n. 领取养老金者选修7 unit 3 课文对照翻译 Reading Two崭新的生活空间1月19日我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情—这是神奇的一天！这天上午，我戴着呼吸器在近海的珊瑚礁上潜泳，这是我从来没有过的绝妙经历。
第十七课 VIDEO TRANSLATIONMagic English ,Magic English! Look and speak and singand play!神奇英语，神奇英语！既看又说，又唱又玩！Magic English , Magic English! Have fun with Disneyevery day!神奇英语，神奇英语！有了迪士尼，天天有乐趣！Pluto's at the sea.He's playing on the beach.He's playing with a ball.Oh! the ball.布鲁托在海边。
他正在沙滩上玩耍。
他正在玩一只球，噢！球。
Oh! a seal. The seal wants to play with Pluto.But Pluto doesn't want to play with him.噢！一只海豹。
海豹想跟布鲁托玩，但布鲁托不想跟海豹玩。
Oh! an octopus.The octopus is dangerous.噢！一只章鱼。
章鱼很危险。
Where's Pluto? The seal is looking for Pluto. 布鲁托在哪里？海豹正在寻找布鲁托。
The seal helps Pluto. He saves him.海豹帮助布鲁托。
海豹救了他。
Now Pluto and the seal are friends.They play together on the beach.现在布鲁托和海豹成了朋友。
他们一起在沙滩上玩。
On the beach. In the water.Underwater.在沙滩上。
在水里。
在水下。
It's fun to play at the sea. Look at the waves.在海边玩很有趣。
看看那海浪。
Pluto's underwater. Help! Help! 布鲁托在水下。
新人教版英语选修七第五单元Using Language 的课文译文秘鲁秘鲁是南美洲临太平洋海岸的一个国家。
从地理上讲，秘鲁有三大地区：狭长的临海地带，与海岸平行的安第斯山脉以及东南部地势较高的平原地区。
在高原地区有的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高的湖，湖上可以行船。
秘鲁有着多种多样的植物，从沙漠中的草到大片的丛林。
秘鲁曾经是强盛而极为富裕的印加帝国的中心，从16 世纪起，南美洲的许多地区都是由西班牙统治的。
秘鲁最终于1821 年脱离西班牙而独立。
秘鲁的首都是利马，位于北部的临海地区。
人们发现古印加帝国的首都库斯科位于安第斯山的高山之上。
这儿是旅游的热点，因为它离马丘比丘城著名的印加遗址很近。
库斯科有很多旅店和酒吧，是一座富有活力的城市，在那儿你可以看到印第安和西班牙的文化艺术。
1. 为什么库斯科是旅游人士喜欢去的地方?2. 的的喀喀湖有什么特色？3. 你认为秘鲁有哪两种官方语言？秘鲁旅游秘鲁提供丰富的旅游资源，从古代的遗址、具有数百年历史的西班牙式的村庄，到茂密的森林、耸立的高山和临海的沙漠。
“秘鲁之旅”为各种年龄和品位的人提供旅游服务。
下列旅游项目都是从库斯科出发，库斯科是印加文化的古都所在地。
旅游路线 1 体验丛林，近距离观赏种类繁多的野生生物。
在四天的徒步旅游中，山区的风景和步行途径的古代遗址将会令你叹为观止。
最后一天到达马丘比丘遗址，正好赶得上去安第斯山上观看日出。
白天参观古印加城的遗址，然后乘火车返回库斯科。
旅游路线 2 全日乘车旅游，从库斯科到普诺，观赏高原乡村的秀丽景色。
再从普诺乘船穿过的的喀喀湖，半途停歇在乌罗族人的浮岛上。
这些浮岛和乌罗印第安人的房子都是用湖里的水草做成的。
有一整天的时间呆在当地居民的家里，这样你会有机会更多地了解他们的生活。
第四天返回普诺，再乘飞机返回利马。
旅游路线3在库斯科的安第斯高山上玩四天，了解它的历史，参观博物馆。
观赏西班牙式的建筑，品尝西班牙美味，好好逛逛五颜六色的市场，花些时间讨价还价买点纪念品。
大学跨文化英语综合教程IUnit7PandaDad课文翻译Panda DadAlan Paul1 I have watched the news about the Tiger Mom debate with growing annoyance, and one simple question remains unasked:Where are the dads?2 I am a father of three who has been an active parent for years,thanks to my wife’s demanding career and my own ?exible job. I refuse to believe that all Chinese mothers are tigers.3 When my kids were very young, we moved to Beijing. My time in China gives me an unusual insight into what author Amy Chua claims to be the best way of parenting and also “the Chinese way.”4 During our first weeks in Beijing, we attended a talent show at our children’s British school and watched Chinese students perform musicals, while their Western classmates simply sang the ABCs. It was enough to make anyone ponder the way we are raising our kids.5 But time in China also taught me that there are many questions about the Chinese education system, such as lack of creati vity and innovation. Further,having seen a “Tiger” in action, I do not believe it is the best way to raise independent, competent and confident adults.6 Call me the Panda Dad; I am happy to parent with love, but not afraid to show some claw. Tough I have had primary child-care duties, I too have always worked, sometimes juggling demanding deadlines and a busy family schedule.It has also been a plus for our children to be independent and see their parents working while also being very involved in one anothe r’s lives.7 Generally speaking, moms tend to be more detail-oriented, and order driven, while dads often care less about the mess, and can live with a bit more chaos. If my wife and I switched positions, life would certainly be more orderly. But she accepts my style of parenting because I am in charge of the day-to-day stuff while she is working.8 Kids raised with more independence have an opportunity to develop their own personalities and interests. Our home is like a university where you can get a great education but you have to do your own work. A typical night is: one kid has a big project due, another has a school play, the third has soccer practice;mom is working late because there is a problem at work; and I am trying to organize all and put the kids to bed before starting my projects.9 It’s not the hyper-orderly household that Amy Chua portrays, but the kids are constantly learning to take responsibility for their own homework, play time and everything else. Doing so allows them to take genuine pride in their accomplishments. They need to succeed for their own benefit, not to prove that their parents are successful.10 Living in Beijing, I watched Western and African kids running and playing in the streets while their Chinese classmates spent long hours practicing the violin, piano or Chinese writing. When they were done, they picked up an iPad to play video games. It looked like a sad, lonesome way to grow up and nothing I would want in my children. And of course it’s not the only style of Chinese parenting, but just what I observed.11 It’s easy to understand the Chi nese drive for perfection in children: it is a huge nation with a long history of people thriving, while in modern America there is a sensethat our nation is becoming ?at and that people are not trying to better themselves.12 It’s understandable to dem and perfection, but it is wrong to force a child to constantly adapt to your standards and to be overprotective. Also not allowing play time or sleeping at friends’ houses brings on more isolation. T his will deny them the ability to make friends and interact. These are the very skills that kids should learn for success as a functioning adult. They are far more important than being able to play the piano. Kids need more unstructured play, not less.13 Sleepovers help children learn to sleep anywhere, in any bed, and with any pillow. They learn the life of their friends and have the chance to play more with friends.14 I, Panda Dad, suggest that you change your way of thinking that you can pick your children’s friends, interests and musical passions. T herefore, they will grow up to be highly functioning, independent, self-confident young Chinese boys or girls.15 And so will society.熊猫爸艾伦?保罗有关“虎妈”论战的新闻，我是越看越恼火，而且，有一个很简单的问题一直没有提及：爸爸们在哪呢？我是三个孩子的父亲。
海洋特色英语与文化课后翻译Unit 1-Unit 7Unit 1什么使大海如此吸引我们？为什么我们愿意花很多钱，驱车数小时，或精心计划我们的时间，就为了能找时间亲近大海？海洋对健康的好处是巨大的，而在海洋空气中呼吸也是福气。
What makes us so drawn to the ocean? Why are we willing to spend a lot of money, drive for hours, and plan our days carefully just to find time to get close to the ocean? The health benefits are great and breathing in the ocean air is bliss. 但除了我们对水活动的热情外，肯定有更多的原因促使我们付出这么多的时间和精力。
最近我读的一篇文章可以帮助解释这些往往很难用言词表达的感情。
简单地说，我们的大脑很享受海水。
But there must be more reasons which prompt us to invest so much time and energy besides our passion for water activity. A recent article I read helped to explain these feelings that are often hard to put into words. Simply put, our brains really enjoy the water.华莱士·J·尼科尔斯是一位海洋生物学家，他想知道当我们在海上、海里或者在大海附近时我们对海洋的情绪反应。
总之，尼科尔斯的目标不是传授给我们关于海洋的知识，而是准确查明我们热爱海洋的原因，这样我们可以通过公共政策把它作为一个工具来保护海洋。
海洋特色英语与文化课后翻译Unit 1-Unit 7Unit 1什么使大海如此吸引我们？为什么我们愿意花很多钱，驱车数小时，或精心计划我们的时间，就为了能找时间亲近大海？海洋对健康的好处是巨大的，而在海洋空气中呼吸也是福气。
What makes us so drawn to the ocean? Why are we willing to spend a lot of money, drive for hours, and plan our days carefully just to find time to get close to the ocean? The health benefits are great and breathing in the ocean air is bliss. 但除了我们对水活动的热情外，肯定有更多的原因促使我们付出这么多的时间和精力。
最近我读的一篇文章可以帮助解释这些往往很难用言词表达的感情。
简单地说，我们的大脑很享受海水。
But there must be more reasons which prompt us to invest so much time and energy besides our passion for water activity. A recent article I read helped to explain these feelings that are often hard to put into words.Simply put, our brains really enjoy the water.华莱士·J·尼科尔斯是一位海洋生物学家，他想知道当我们在海上、海里或者在大海附近时我们对海洋的情绪反应。
总之，尼科尔斯的目标不是传授给我们关于海洋的知识，而是准确查明我们热爱海洋的原因，这样我们可以通过公共政策把它作为一个工具来保护海洋。
Wallace J. Nichols is a marine biologist who wants to learn what happens to us when we are on, in, or near the ocean. Specifically he wants to understand what on earth triggers our emotional reactions to the ocean. In brief, Nichols’ goal is not to impart to us the knowledge about ocean, but to find out exactly why we love the ocean so that we can use that as a tool to protect it through public policy.洛杉矶位于加州，是个适合居住的城市。
宣人的气候和高质量的生活，使得这里的房价是其他主要城市的两倍多。
但是气候变化给这个城市带来了有形的威胁和舒适性的浩劫。
Los Angeles, located in California, is a great place to live. Pleasing climate and high-quality life make the home prices here more than double those in other major cities. However, climate change poses tangible threats and amenity havoc.气候研究人员预测，未来的洛杉矶平均气温将比现在高13华氏度，气候变化会夺走这里许多气候的独特性。
房价因此下跌，气候舒适带来的房地产溢价消失（这对于购房者来说是坏消息）。
Climate researchers predict that the temperature of LA will be 13 degrees F warmer on average in the future. Climate change will strip away much of the city’s climate uniqueness. Therefo re, home price declines and climate amenity premium vanishes (bad news for the real estate owners).洛杉矶如何应对气候变化？一方面，洛城要学会适应气候变化，通过提高公共服务来减少变化给居民带来的伤害。
社区非政府组织已开始填补这一空白。
另一方面，保护环境是刻不容缓的，由此可以维持城市的气候舒适性。
当然，洛城的未来跟全球的气候变化是密切相关的。
How can LA adapt to the climate change? On the one hand, LA should learn to adapt to the change by improving public service to reduce the harm to its residents. Community-based NGOs have stepped up to fill this void. On the other hand, it’s pressing to protect the environment to maintain the city’s climate amenity. Of course, the future of Los Angeles is closely interconnected with the global climate change.捕鲸就像英国的猎狐，各方意见似乎永远不能达成一致。
1986年以来，国际捕鲸委员会就已经禁止了商业的捕鲸行为。
可是每年夏天在南极，日本都会派遣船队南下去捕捉数百只鲸鱼以供作“研究用”。
As with foxhunting in Britain, all sides seem never to reach an agreement on whaling. Since 1986 the International Whaling Commission (IWC) has imposed a moratorium on commercial whaling. Yet every Antarctic summer, Japan sends a whaling fleet south to catch hundreds of whales for “research”.鲸鱼仍在被大肆捕杀；近年来平均每年捕杀量已经几乎达到2000头。
为了防止鲸鱼绝迹，国际捕鲸委员会提出了一份和平计划。
根据这一提案，之前的禁令将被接触十年，但捕鲸者必须统一大幅减少捕鲸数量。
But whales are still killed in large numbers; in recent years the annual slaughter has reached almost 2,000 on average. To avoid the extinction of whales, IWC put forward a “peace plan”. According to the proposal, the moratorium would be lifted for a decade, but whalers have to agree to a sharp reduction in their catch. 对于重新开放商业捕鲸，保护主义者一定优惠抱怨、批评。
尽管如此，任何一个妥协的方案都要比继续僵持要好。
The conservationists would definitely complain about or criticize the resumption of commercial whaling. Even so, any compromising deal would be far better than continued stand-off.近年来，由于环境污染、过度捕捞等因素，海域的渔业资源出现衰退的情况。
应当说，国家为了保护海洋渔业资源，做到可持续发展，在将每年规定一段时间为休渔期之外，也限制捕捞的网具规格。
In recent years, due to environmental pollution, overfishing and other factors, the fisheries resources are in decline. It should be said that the state not only sets the period of time each year for fishing moratorium but also restricts fishing nets specifications in order to protect marine fisheries resources to achieve sustainable development.但是渔民为了提高效率增加收入，采取某些极端手段以多捕鱼为主，使得渔业资源的繁殖和发展链条被人为隔断，极大破坏了海洋的生态环境，直接后果和尚未预知的破坏作用可以说是无可估量的。
However, the fishermen take some extreme ways to fish in order to boost efficiency andincrease income so that the chain between the reproduction and development of fishery resources have been artificially cut off, which greatly damages the marine ecological environment and a direct consequence and the unknown destruction will be invaluable.大海里的野生鱼类已经无法满足人类日益增长的需求，水产养殖的海产品在未来会越发重要，但他不能拯救我们。
从事蓝色作业的渔民的需求迫在眉睫。
