单考英语考研翻译高分特训(汉译英段落翻译高分特训 旅游环保类)【圣才出品】

◆旅游类Practice 40在整个旅游业的发展中，生态旅游（ecotourism）是发展速度最快的一个旅游市场。

虽然很多旅游公司都声称提供生态旅游服务，然而您却无法确保你所参加的旅游是否真正对环境有益。

而当您选择的任何一项生态旅游服务满足以下生态旅游设计要求，您肯定可为保护环境作贡献：替代性的创收：当地村民可通过为社区办的生态旅游公司工作而获得急需的收入，而不用以烧炭(charcoal-making)、打猎、非法伐木及捕鱼等破坏性生产方式获取收入。

【参考译文】Ecotourism is one of the fastest growing markets in the tourism industry. But with many companies claiming to offer “ecotourism” how can you be sure that your travel experience is really helping the environment? When you choose one ecotourism tour, you will surely contribute to conservation (the environment) through the following ecotourism principle: alternative income generation. Through employment with community-based ecotourism companies, local villagers are able to earn much-needed income that replaces income earned through destructive activities such as charcoal-making, hunting, illegal logging and fishing.Practice 41苏州是世界上著名的园林城市，位于长江下游(Lower Yangtze basin)，紧靠太湖，拥有2500多年的历史，风景优美，文化遗产丰富。

2.3小说类（Practice26～Practice36）Practice26It is a very long time since I attended a Mass.In this pilgrimage town you get the real thing,with a crowd of real worshippers--those who come include the paralyzed,the crippled,the blind,the deformed,the dying,a terrible parade,a parade Mass proceeded.It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time,as all did,since I had voluntarily come:but for all the disapproving glances,I the stiff--necked Jew,would not kneel.I remember the first break with my own religion as though it were yesterday.I can still feel my cheek stinging from the slap of the mashiakh,the study hall supervisor,as I trudge in the snow on t he town square in the purple evening,having been ordered out of the hall for impudent heresy.Perhaps in a larger city,the mashiakh would have had the sense to smile at my effrontery,and pass it off.Then the whole course of my life might have been different.【参考译文】我已经很久没有做过弥散。

2.7 文化类（Practice 74～Practice 82）Practice 74中国人对于和谐的理解来自于传统文化中的重要思想“和而不同一”。

“和而不同”可以理解为由《易经》为代表的“和生万物、同则不继”的中国传统思想方法，即在高扬个性的同时承认多样性的存在。

“和而不同”的思想深刻影响着中国文化思想发展的全过程，推动着中华文明可持续地向前发展。

由于中国处于地球上相对独立的地理位置——东面是澎湃的海洋，西南是茫茫森林与喜马拉雅山脉，西部及西北是方圆数万里的戈壁与沙漠，北面则是荒无人烟的西伯利亚冻土——这样的地理环境集中了多民族文化的存在，形成了有别于西方文化和印度文化的特色鲜明的中华文化。

这也是中华民族长期以来一直坚持“和而不同”的发展模式的原因之一。

【参考译文】Chinese people’s understanding of harmony comes from an important thought in traditional Chinese culture-“harmony in diversity”, which can be understood as a traditional Chinese thinking approach “Harmony grows everything while total sameness stops their development” represented by Book of Changes. While supporting individuality, it also admits diversity.The thought “harmony in diversity” has made a profound influence on the wholecourse of Chinese cultural and ideological development and has been promoting the sustained development of Chinese civilization. China is located in a relatively independent geographical area on the earth, with surging ocean in the east, vast forest and Himalaya Mountains in the southwest, tens of thousands of kilometers’Gobi and desert in the west and northwest and desolate Siberian permafrost in the north. Such surroundings helps the existence of multi-ethnic culture and forms highly featured Chinese culture distinguished from Western and Indian culture. This is one of the reasons why the Chinese nation has long been adhering to the growth mode of “harmony in diversity”.Practice 7518世纪法国思想家卢梭在写《社会契约论》的过程中曾经反复追问，人们怎样才能生活在一个有秩序的群体中，仍然“自由如初”？最终，他对这个问题的回答是“社会契约”。

◆环保类中国作为负责任的发展中国家，高度重视环境保护和全球气候变化。

中国正在积极调整经济结构和能源结构，全面推进能源节约，重点预防和治理环境污染的突出问题，有效控制污染物排放，促进能源与环境协调发展。

中国加快转变经济发展方式，积极发挥能源节约和优化能源结构在减缓气候变化中的作用，努力降低化石能源消耗。

大力发展循环经济，促进资源的综合利用，提高能源利用效率，减少温室气体排放。

依靠科学技术进步，不断提高应对气候变化的能力，为保护地球环境作出积极贡献。

【参考译文】As a responsible developing country,China attaches great importance to environmental protection and prevention of global climate change.The country is actively adjusting its economic and energy structures,comprehensively advancing energy saving,emphatically preventing and controlling the pressing problems of environmental pollution,and effectively controlling emissions of pollutants to facilitate coordinated development between energy and the environment.China is expediting the transformation of its economic development mode,giving full play to the role of energy saving and optimization of energy structure in slowing climate change,and endeavoring to cut fossil energy consumption.It is vigorously developing a circular economy,fostering the comprehensive utilization of resources,enhancing the utilization efficiency of energy,reducing greenhouse gas emissions.It continuously improves the capability of addressing climate change with the aid of scientific and technological progress,thereby making positivecontributions to the environmental protection of the Earth.眼下，城市里单身贵族很时兴，很潇洒，但从环保角度看，这却不是好事。

◆科普科技类Practice13各种设备上运行的强大软件、网络上的各类服务以及通过互联网获得的庞大存储空间，这一切合在一起，就意味着你可以即时获取你所有的信息。

不用多久，您就可以利用手头的任何设备一一无论是电脑、手机、电视机、掌上游戏机还是音乐播放器一一调出您所创建和存储的任何文档或媒体文件。

您的个性化设定、联系人、日历和应用程序都唾手可得.而信息呈现的面貌都会自动调整成最适合您所用设备的方式。

【参考译文】This combination of powerful software running on devices,services running on the Web and huge amounts of storage available via the Internet will mean that all of your information will be instantly accessible to you.Soon,you’ll be able to call up any documents or media files that you’ve created or saved,using any device that is at hand—whether it’s a PC,a mobile phone,a TV,a portable game player or a music device.Your preferences,contacts,calendars and applications will be seamlessly available,and the way information is presented will automatically adjust to deliver the best experience for the device you are using.Practice14移动电话正在成为21世纪一个主要的技术领域。

◆文化教育类Practice 45The Renaissance embraced, first of all, an impressive record of new achievements in art, literature, science, philosophy, education and religion. Although the foundation of many of these was classical, they soon expanded beyond the measure of Greek and Roman influence. Indeed, many of the achievements in painting, science, politics and religion bore little relation to the classical heritage. Secondly, the Renaissance incorporated a number of dominant ideas and attitudes that gave it the impress of a unique society. Notable among these in general were optimism, and individualism; but the most significant of them all was humanism. In its broadest meaning humanism may be defined as emphasis on the human values.The humanists rejected the Scholastic philosophy with its preoccupation with theology and logic. They strove for a smooth and elegant style that would appeal more to the aesthetic than to the rational side of man’s nature.参考译文及解析【参考译文】首先，文艺复兴包含了文学、艺术、科学、哲学、教育和宗教方面令人印象深刻的新的成就。

第1章考研英语（一）翻译攻略1.1考研英语（一）翻译题型介绍一、综述考研英语（一）阅读C节，即英译汉部分要求考生阅读一篇约为400词的英语文章，文章中有5个画线部分，约150词，要求考生在30分钟内将其译为汉语，并要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

根据大纲规定，考研英语（一）的评分标准如下：1．五个小题，每题两分，共10分。

2．如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。

3．如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法，若均正确，给分；若其中一种译法错误，不给分。

4．汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。

在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分。

二、命题特点（1）选文特点①体裁多样，以议论文和说明文为主。

②题材广泛，英译汉所选用的文章大多摘自原版刊物或读物，内容涉及社会生活、科普知识、文化教育、人物传记等几个方面。

下表是历年真题选文具体信息：（2）设题特点通过对近年来试题的分析研究中，我们发现，英译汉部分的命题有以下几个明显的趋势：①从语法来看近年来难度有所降低，长句、难句逐步变少。

适当降低英译汉文章的难度，以便要求考生在对文章深层次理解的同时，掌握并运用最基本的翻译技巧。

②从词汇来看一词多义，一词转义现象增多。

要求考生必须根据上下文灵活地选择词义或将词义加以引申。

从这一点讲，词汇难度有增加的趋势。

如考题中的代词，如this、that、it、they等情况复杂，往往不是单纯地指代一个简单的名词，而是指代上下文的一件事或一个观点等，考生需要根据上下文准确把握其中的意思。

尤其是当一个代词指代的是后面的内容时，较难把握，更需要考生仔细阅读上下文了。

③从翻译技巧来看越来越重视考生掌握和运用基本翻译技巧的能力，并要求考生具有相当的中文水平。

基本的翻译技巧训练是迅速提高本部分得分的有效途径。

1.2英语与汉语的差异英语和汉语是有着很大差异的。

首先对这些差异有一个总体印象，在做题时就能得心应手。

差异主要表现在：1．形合与意合英语重形合，而汉语重意合。

1/1十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
圣才电子书
1.3英语专业八级翻译备考策略
1．扩大词汇量
词汇量的大小直接影响到对原文信息的理解和原文意思的表达。

文中的生单词会让考生不知文中所云，何谈翻译！因此在平时要注重词汇量的积累，并灵活运用到自己的翻译之中。

2．掌握一定的翻译理论和技巧
英语和汉语属于不同的语系，因此两者之间存在很大的差异。

例如：英语句子都比较“重物而轻人”，重客观而轻主观；相反，汉语则较多地“重人而轻物”，重主观而轻客观。

汉语多以表“人”的词做主语，英语多以表事物的词做主语。

掌握这些技巧可以让学生在翻译的过程中游刃有余。

3．广泛阅读，扩大知识面
大量阅读英文原著、杂志和英文报刊有助于考生掌握地道的英文表达从而避免中式英语。

其次对背景知识的要求经常集中体现在人名翻译上。

如在2000年的试卷中，就曾出现过Marilyn Monroe，James Deans 和John Keats 三位名人的名字，如果对欧美文化、文学了解甚少，就无法准确译出人名，甚至会影响对整个段落的理解与翻译。

4．大量练习
每天定时定量做一些翻译练习，然后对照参考译文进行修改，找出自己和标准译文的差距。

“Practice makes perfect”，只有通过多读、多练才能不断提高翻译水平。

5．注意书写工整
考试的时候要注意卷面清洁和书写工整。

准备两到三只质量和色泽好的深蓝或黑色的中性笔，因为翻译和写作，答案都是手写，整洁的卷面和工整的书写能给阅卷老师留下好的印象。

◆资源环境类Practice 83One of nature’s most dest ructive forces is the tornado, a violent windstorm that takes the shape of a rotating column of air. Tornadoes almost always occur in conjunction with severe thunderstorms that produce high winds, heavy rainfall and damaging hail. Though their cause is unknown, tornadoes are believed to be the result of the convergence of strong upward wind currents inside a storm with upper level winds above the storm; the greater the air contrast, the more violent the storm will be. The United States has more tornadoes, approximately 750 tornadoes reported each year, than any other country in the world because this is where arctic and tropical air masses most frequently converge.参考译文及解析【参考译文】自然界最具破坏性的力量之一是龙卷风，它是一种旋转的柱状强烈风暴。

龙卷风几乎总是与强烈的雷暴并列发生，雷暴能引发大风，暴雨和破坏性的冰雹。

虽然它们的起因尚未知晓，但人们认为龙卷风是由暴风雨中上升的强气流与暴风上方的风的会聚造成；气流对比越明显，龙卷风的威力也就越大。