高级英语第一册第三课课后练习答案

第三课Ships in the Desert目录一、词汇(V ocabulary)--------------------------------------------------------------------------1二、课文解释------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5三、课后练习及答案--------------------------------------------------------------------------19四、补充练习及答案--------------------------------------------------------------------------19一、词汇(Vocabulary)lap ( v．) : (of waves，etc．)move or strike gently with a light，splashing sound such as a dog makes in lapping(波浪)拍打；泼溅----------------------------------------------------------------------------------divert ( v．) : turn(a person or thing)aside(from a course，direction，etc．)；deflect转移；使(人或物)转向；岔开，使偏斜----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Antarctic ( adj. ) : of or near the South Pole or the region around it南极的；近南极的；南极区的；南极地带的；南极周围的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Trans—Antarctic (adj.) : crossing or spanning the Antarctic横贯南极的；横贯南极地带的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------parka ( n.) : a hip—length pullover fur garment with a hood，worn 1n arctic regions风雪大衣，派克大衣----------------------------------------------------------------------------------glacier ( n.) : a slowly moving river or mass of ice and snow that forms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly exceeds the rate at which the snow melts冰河；冰川----------------------------------------------------------------------------------accessible ( adj.) : that can be approached or entered；easy to approach or enter能够接近的；能够进去的；易接近的；易进去的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------trap ( v．) : catch in or as in a trap；entrap诱捕；计捉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------inexorable ( adj.) :that cannot be altered，checked，etc．不可变的；不可抗拒的；无情的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------graph ( n.) : a diagram consisting of nodes and links and representing logical relationships or sequences of events(曲线)图，标绘图；图表；图形----------------------------------------------------------------------------------slab ( n.) : a piece that is flat，broad，and fairly thick平板；厚片----------------------------------------------------------------------------------frigid ( adj.) : extremely cold；without heat or warmth极冷的，寒冷的，严寒的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------snowmobile ( n.) : any of various motor vehicles for traveling over snow，usually with steerable runners at the front and tractor treads at the rear(机动)雪车；(履带式)雪上汽车----------------------------------------------------------------------------------rendezvous ( n.) : [Fr．] a place designated for meeting or assembling [法语]指定集合地；会合点----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hover ( v．) : stay suspended or flutter in the air near oneplace盘旋----------------------------------------------------------------------------------eerie，eery ( adj. ) : mysterious，uncanny，or weird，esp. in such a way as to frighten or make uneasy神秘的，离奇的，怪异的；阴森的，恐怖的，可怕的／eerily adv．----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hummock ( n.) : ridge or rise in an ice field冰群；(冰原上的)冰丘----------------------------------------------------------------------------------collide ( v．) : come into violent contact；strike violently against each other；crash碰撞；猛撞；互撞----------------------------------------------------------------------------------scenario ( n.) : a sequence 0f events esp. when imagined；an account or synopsis of a projected course of action or events(设想中的)未来事态；方案----------------------------------------------------------------------------------controversial ( adj. ) : of，subject to，or stirring up controversy；disbatable争论的；引起争论的；----------------------------------------------------------------------------------tundra ( n.) : any of the vast，nearly level，treeless plains of the arctic regions冻原；苔原；冻土带----------------------------------------------------------------------------------equator ( n.) : an imaginary circle around the earth，equally distant at all points from both the North Pole and the South Pole，dividing the earth's surface into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere赤道----------------------------------------------------------------------------------billow ( v．) : surge，swell，or rise like or in a billow(巨浪)奔腾；(波涛)汹----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pasture ( n.) : ground suitable for grazing牧场----------------------------------------------------------------------------------slash (v．) : cut or wound with a sweeping stroke or strokes，as of a knife(用刀等)猛砍，乱砍----------------------------------------------------------------------------------blot (v．) : make blots on；spot；stain；blur(esp. used in blot out：darken or hide entirely；obscure)涂污；玷污；把……弄模糊；遮暗(尤用于bolt out：把……弄模糊；遮暗，遮蔽；掩蔽)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------noctilucent (adj.) : designating or of a luminous cloud of unknown composition。

第一课Face to face with Hurricane Camille1.We ’re elevated 23 feet. We’re 23 feet above sea level. 2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has bothered it. The house has been here since 1915, andno hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. 3.We can ba en down and ride it out. We can make the necessary prepara ons and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out. 5.Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars! 6.The electrical systems had been killed by water. The electrical systems in the car (the ba ery for the starter) had been put out by water. 7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself f endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8.Get us through this mess, will you? Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely 9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and finally stopped. 10.Janis had just one delayed reac on. Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricane rather late. 1.Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。

Unit 3 Ships in the DesertShips in the DesertShips in the DesertAL Gore--------------------------------------------------------------------------------I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day. But it wasn' t a good day. We were anchored in what used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia, but as I looked out over the bow , the prospects of a good catch looked bleak. Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand – as far as I could see in all directions. The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all the way to the horizon . Ten year s ago the Aral was the fourth-largest inland sea in the world, comparable to the largest of North America's Great Lakes. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in anill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton In the user t. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishing fleet was now permanently docked. Meanwhile, in the nearby town of Muynak the people were still canning fish – brought not from the Aral Sea but shipped by rail through Siberia from the Pacific Ocean, more than a thousand miles away.My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel around the world to examine and study many of these images of destruction. At the very bottom of the earth, high in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, with the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the sky, I stood in the unbelievable coldness and talked with a scientist in the late tall of 1988 about the tunnel he was digging through time. Slipping his parka back to reveal a badly burned face that was cracked and peeling, he pointed to the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier on which we were standing. He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago. "Here's where the U. S Congress passed the Clean Air Act, ” he said. At the bottom of the world, two continents away from Washington, D. C., even a small reduction in one country's emissions had changed the amount of pollution found in the remotest end least accessible place on earth.But the most significant change thus far in the earth' s atmosphere is the one that began with the industrial r evolution early in the last century and has picked up speed ever since. Industry meant coal, and later oil, and we began to burn lots of it – bringing rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) , with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. Fewer than a hundred yards from the South Pole, upwind from the ice runway where the ski plane lands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together, scientists monitor the air sever al times ever y day to chart the course of that inexorable change. During my visit, I watched one scientist draw the results of that day'smeasurements, pushing the end of a steep line still higher on the graph. He told me how easy it is – there at the end of the earth – to see that this enormous change in the global atmosphere is still picking up speed.Two and a half years later I slept under the midnight sun at the other end of our planet, in a small tent pitched on a twelve-toot-thick slab of ice floating in the frigid Arctic Ocean. After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to a rendezvous point where the ice was thinner – only three and a half feet thick – and a nuclear submarine hovered in the water below. After it crashed through the ice, took on its new passengers, and resubmerged, I talked with scientists who were trying to measure more accurately the thickness of the polar ice cap, which many believe is thinning as a re-suit of global warming. I had just negotiated an agreement between ice scientists and the U. S. Navy to secure the re-lease of previously top secret data from submarine sonar tracks, data that could help them learn what is happening to the north polar cap. Now, I wanted to see the pole it-self, and some eight hours after we met the submarine, we were crashing through that ice, surfacing, and then I was standing in an eerily beautiful snowcape, windswept and sparkling white, with the horizon defined by little hummocks, or "pressure ridges " of ice that are pushed up like tiny mountain ranges when separate sheets collide. But here too, CD, levels are rising just as rapidly, and ultimately temperature will rise with them – indeed, global warming is expected to push temperatures up much more rapidly in the polar regions than in the rest of the world. As the polar air warms, the ice her e will thin; and since the polar cap plays such a crucial role in the world's weather system, the consequences of a thinning cap could be disastrous.Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. Six months after I returned from the North Pole, a team of scientists reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distribution in the Arctic, and a second team reported a still controversialclaim (which a variety of data now suggest) that, over all, the north polar cap has thinned by 2 per cent in just the last decade. Moreover, scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year, and deep in the tundra below, the temperature e of the earth is steadily rising.As it happens, some of the most disturbing images of environmental destruction can be found exactly halfway between the North and South poles – precisely at the equator in Brazil – where billowing clouds of smoke regularly black-en the sky above the immense but now threatened Amazon rain forest. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef; as I learned when I went there in early 1989, the fires are set earlier and earlier in the dry season now, with more than one Tennessee's worth of rain forest being slashed and burned each year. According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America – which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.But one doesn't have to travel around the world to wit-ness humankind's assault on the earth. Images that signal the distress of our global environment arenow commonly seen almost anywhere. On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset -- and it you are watching from a place where pollution hasn't blotted out the night sky altogether -- you can sometimes see a strange kind of cloud high in the sky. This "noctilucent cloud" occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening dark-ness; shimmering above us with a translucent whiteness, these clouds seem quite unnatural. And they should: noctilucent clouds have begun to appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere. (Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills , from coal mines and rice paddies, from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities. ) Even though noctilucent clouds were sometimes seen in the past., all this extra methane carries more water vapor into the upper atmosphere, where it condenses at much higher altitudes to form more clouds that the sun's rays still strike long after sunset has brought the beginning of night to the surface far beneath them.What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky? Simple wonder or the mix of emotions we feel at the zoo? Perhaps we should feel awe for our own power: just as men "ear tusks from elephants’ heads in such quantity as to threaten the beast with extinction, we are ripping matter from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness. In the process, we are once again adding to the threat of global warming, be-cause methane has been one of the fastest-growing green-house gases, and is third only to carbon dioxide and water vapor in total volume, changing the chemistry of the upper atmosphere. But, without even considering that threat, shouldn't it startle us that we have now put these clouds in the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can't see these clouds for what they are – a physical manifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?Even though it is sometimes hard to see their meaning, we have by now all witnessed surprising experiences that signal the damage from our assault on the environment --whether it's the new frequency of days when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with which the -un burns our skin, or the new constancy of public debate over what to do with growing mountains of waste. But our response to these signals is puzzling. Why haven't we launched a massive effort to save our environment? To come at the question another way' Why do some images startle us into immediate action and focus our attention or ways to respond effectively? And why do other images, though sometimes equally dramatic, produce instead a Kin. of paralysis, focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on some convenient, less painful distraction?Still, there are so many distressing images of environ-mental destruction that sometimes it seems impossible to know how to absorb or comprehend them. Before considering the threats themselves, it may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respondappropriately.A useful system comes from the military, which frequently places a conflict in one of three different categories, according to the theater in which it takes place. There are "local" skirmishes, "regional" battles, and "strategic" conflicts. This third category is reserved for struggles that can threaten a nation's survival and must be under stood in a global context. Environmental threats can be considered in the same way. For example, most instances of water pollution, air pollution, and illegal waste dumping are essentially local in nature. Problems like acid rain, the contamination ofunder-ground aquifers, and large oil spills are fundamentally regional. In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world that the patter n appears to be global, but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of- the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system, and these threats are fundamentally strategic. The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producing the chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean – all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface; and it we let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will al-so increase – to the point that all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.Global warming is also a strategic threat. The concentration of carbon dioxide and other heat-absorbing molecules has increased by almost 25 per cent since World War II, posing a worldwide threat to the earth's ability to regulate the amount of heat from the sun retained in the atmosphere. This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.In other words, the entire relationship between humankind and the earth has been transformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment, not just a particular area. All of us know that human civilization has usually had a large impact on the environment; to mention just one example, there is evidence that even in prehistoric times, vast areas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. And in our own time we have reshaped a large part of the earth's surface with concrete in our cities and carefully tended rice paddies, pastures, wheat fields, and other croplands in the countryside. But these changes, while sometimes appearing to be pervasive , have, until recently, been relatively trivial factors in the global ecological sys-tem. Indeed, until our lifetime, it was always safe to assume that nothing we did or could do would haveany lasting effect on the global environment. But it is precisely that assumption which must now be discarded so that we can think strategically about our new relationship to the environment.Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment. Yet we resist this truth and find it hard to imagine that our effect on the earth must now be measured by the same yardstick used to calculate the strength of the moon's pull on the oceans or the force of the wind against the mountains. And it we are now capable of changing something so basic as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, We seem oblivious of the fragility of the earth's natural systems.This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physical reality of our relation-ship to the earth: a sudden and startling surge in human population, with the addition of one China's worth of people every ten years, and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution, which has allowed an almost unimaginable magnification of our power to affect the world around us by burning, cutting, digging, moving, and trans-forming the physical matter that makes up the earth. The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context. From the emergence of modern humans 200 000 years ago until Julius Caesar's time, fewer than 250 million people walked on the face of the earth. When Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World 1500 years later, there were approximately 500 million people on earth. By the time Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the number had doubled again, to 1 billion. By midway through this century, at the end of World War II, the number had risen to just above 2 billion people. In other words, from the beginning of humanity's appearance on earth to 1945, it took more than ten thousand generations to reach a world population of 2 billion people. Now, in the course of one human lifetime -- mine -- the world population will increase from 2 to more than 9 million, and it is already more than halfway there.Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years that. in the entire previous history of science. While no single discover y has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that unclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance -- making the consequences, of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that change and understand its implications. Our challenge is to recognize that the startling images of environmental destruction now occurring all over the world have much more in common than their ability to shock and awaken us. They aresymptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced. Global warming, ozone depletion, the loss of living species, deforestation -- they all have a common cause: the new relationship between human civilization and the earth's natural balance. There are actually two aspects to this challenge. The first is to realize that our power to harm the earth can in-deed have global and even permanent effects. The second is to realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. As a result, any solution to the problem will require a careful assessment of that relationship as well as the complex interrelationship among factors within civilization and between them and the major natural components of the earth's ecological system.There is only one precedent for this kind of challenge to our thinking, and again it is military. The invention of nuclear weapons and the subsequent development by the Unit-ed States and the Soviet Union of many thousands of strategic nuclear weapons forced a slow and painful recognition that the new power thus acquired forever changed not only the relationship between the two superpowers but also the relationship of humankind to the institution at war-fare itself. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations – completely and simultaneously. That sobering realization led to a careful reassessment of every aspect of our mutual relationship to the prospect of such a war. As early as 1946 one strategist concluded that strategic bombing with missiles "may well tear away the veil of illusion that has so long obscured the reality of the change in warfare – from a fight to a process of destruction.”Nevertheless, during the earlier stages of the nuclear arms race, each of the superpower s assumed that its actions would have a simple and direct effect on the thinking of the other. For decades, each new advance in weaponry was deployed by one side for the purpose of inspiring fear in the other. But each such deployment led to an effort by the other to leapfrog the first one with a more advanced deployment of its own. Slowly, it has become apparent that the problem of the nuclear arms r ace is not primarily caused by technology. It is complicated by technology, true; but it arises out of the relationship between the superpowers and is based on an obsolete understanding of what war is all about.The eventual solution to the arms race will be found, not in a new deployment by one side or the other of some ultimate weapon or in a decision by either side to disarm unilaterally , but ratter in new understandings and in a mutual transformation of the relationship itself. This transformation will involve changes in the technology of weaponry and the denial of nuclear technology to rogue states. But the key changes will be in the way we think about the institution of war far e and about the relationship between states.The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posedby changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life -- a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTESI) Al Gore: born in 1948 in Washington D. C., U. S. Senator (1984-1992) from the State of Tennessee,and U. S. Vice-President ( l 992-) under President Bill Clinton. He is the author of the book Earth in the Balance from which this piece is taken. 2) Aral Sea: inland sea and the world’s fourth largest lake, c. 26 000 sqmiles, SW Kazakhstan and NW Uzbekhstan, E of the Caspian Sea3) Great Lakes: group of five freshwater lakes, Central North America, between the United States and Canada, largest body of fresh water in the world. From west to east, they are Lake Superior,Lake Michigan,Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.4) Trans-Antarctic Mountains: mountain chain stretching across Antarctica from Victoria I and to Coats I and; separating the E Antarctic and W Antarctic subcontinents5) Clean Air Act: one of the oldest environmental laws of the U. S., as well as the most far-reaching, the costliest, and the most controversial. It was passed in 1970.6) Washington D. C.: capital of the United States. D. C. (District of Columbia).is added to distinguish it from the State of Washington and 3 other cities in the U. S bearing the sonic name.7) freeze-locking: the metal parts are frozen solid and unable to move freely8)midnight sun: phenomenon in which the sun remains visible in the sky for 24 hours or longer, occurring only in the polar regions9)global warming; The earth is getting warmer. The temperature of the earth's atmosphere and its surface is steadily rising.10) Submarine sonar tracks: the term sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging. It is used for communication between submerged submarines or between a submarine and a surface vessel, for locating mines and underwater hazards to navigation, and also as a fathometer, or depth finder.11) greenhouse (effect): process whereby heat is trapped at the surface of the earth by the atmosphere. An increase of man-made pollutants in the atmosphere will lead to a long-term warming of the earth's climate.12) Julius Caesar: (102? B. C -- 44 B. C:. ), Roman statesman and general13) Christopher Columbus: ( 1451-1506), discoverer of America, born Genoa, Italy14) Thomas Jefferson: (17-13-1826 ), 3d President of the UnitedStates(1801-1809), author of the Declaration of Independence.15) Declaration of Independence: full and formal declaration adopted July 4,1776, by representatives of the thirteen colonies in North America announcing the separation of those colonies from Great Britain and making them into the United States16)Ozone depletion: A layer of ozone in the stratosphere prevents most ultraviolet and other high-energy radiation, which is harmful to life, from penetrating to the earth's surface.Some.environmental, scientists fear that certain man-made pollutants, e.g. nitric oxide, CFCs(Chlorofluorocarbons), etc., may interfere with the delicate balance of reactions that maintains the ozone’ s concentration, possibly leading to a drastic depletion of stratospheric ozone. This is now happening in the stratosphere above the polarShips in the Desert 课文讲解/Detailed StudyShips in the Desert--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study1. Ships in the Desert [image-7]: Ships anchored in the desert. This is aneye-catching title and it gives an image that people hardly see. When readers read the title, they can’t help wondering why and how.Paragraph 1. typical example of environmental destruction[image-7]2. capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day: having the ability of cleaning and preparing for marketing or canning fifty-tons of fish on a productive day.catch: the amount of something caught; in the sentence it refers to the amount of fish caught e.g. The boat brought back a big catch of fish.3. but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects of a good catch looked bleak:a good catch did not look promising / hopeful.This is obviously an understatement because with sand all around there was no chance of catching fish, to say nothing of catching a lot of fish.bow[audio-1] : the front part of a shipant. sterncompare: bow[audio-2]: v. & n. to bend the upper part of the body forward, as away of showing respect, admitting defeat, etc.bow [audio-3]: n. a weapon for shooting arrowa long thin piece of wood with a tight string fastened along it, used for playing musical instruments that have stringsa knot formed by doubling a string or cord into two curved pieces, and used for decoration in the hair, in tying shoes, etcbleak: a) If a situation is bleak, it is bad, and seems unlikely to improve.e.g. His future looked bleak.bleak prospect; the bleakness of the post war yearsb) If a place is bleak, it looks cold, bare, and unattractivee.g. the bleak coastlinec) When the weather is bleak, it is cold, dull, and unpleasante.g. the bleak wintersd) If someone looks or sounds bleak, they seem depressed, hopeless, or unfriendlye.g. his bleak featuresbleakly adv.e.g. He stared bleakly ahead.“What,” he asked bleakly, “are these?”4. waves lapping against the side of the ship: waves touching the side of the ship gently and makes a soft sound lap can also be used as a noun.e.g. Your lap is the flat area formed by your thighs when you are sitting down. Her youngest child was asleep in her lap.He placed the baby on the woman’s lap.In a race, when you say that a competitor has completed a lap when he or she has gone round the course race.5. as far as I could see in all direction: that extended as far as the eye could see;6. that stretched all the way to the horizon: that extended to the far off place where the sky meet the earth7. comparable: something that is comparable to something else is a) as good as/ as big as/ as important as the other thing; b) similar to the other thinge.g. This dinner is comparable to the best French cooking.Our house is not comparable with yours. Ours is just a small hut while yours is a palace.8. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in an ill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton in the dessert: Now it is becoming smaller and smaller because the water that used to flow into the sea has been turned away to irrigate the land created in the desert to grow cotton. The。

高级英语第一册课后习题答案Lesson11)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgettable scene.II .1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.Ⅲ. See th e translation of text.IV.1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour6)v. +adv..pullover, buildupV.1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it． (adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?Ⅵ．1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．Ⅶ．1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。

第一课 Face to face with Hurricane Camille1.We re elevated23feet.We’re23feet above sea level.2.The place has been here since1915,and no hurricane has bothered it.The house has been here since1915,andno hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3.We can batten down and ride it out.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4.The generator was doused,and the lights went out.Water got into the generator and put it out.It stopped producing electricity,so the lights also went out.5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars!6.The electrical systems had been killed by water.The electrical systems in the car(the battery for the starter) had been put out by water.7.John watched the water lap at the steps,and felt a crushing guilt.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself forendangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8.Get us through this mess,will you?Oh God,please help us to get through this storm safely9.She carried on alone for a few bars;then her voice trailed away.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and finally stopped.10.Janis had just one delayed reaction.Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricane rather late.第二课 Hiroshima-the “Liveliest” City in Japan 1.Serious-looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them…They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.2.At last this intermezzo came to an end,and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall.At last the taxi trip came to an end and I suddenly found that I was in front of the gigantic City Hall.3.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development.4.…experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.I suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only.5.The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited asI was.The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as I was6.After three days in Japan,the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude.7.I was about to make my little bow of assent,when the meaning of these last words sank in,jolting me out of my sad reverie.I was about to show my agreement by nodding when I sudd enly realized what the meaning ofhis words.His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking.8....and nurses walked by carrying nickel-plated instruments,t he very sight of which would send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitor....and nurses walked by carrying surgical instruments whic h were nickel plated and even healthy visitors when they see t hose instruments could not help shivering.9.Because,thanks to it,I have the opportunity to improve my character.I have the chance to raise my moral standard thanks to the il lness.第三课 Blackmail1.The words spat forth with sudden savagery,all pretense of b landness gone.Ogilvie said these words suddenly and rudely,throwing awa y his pretended politeness.2.When they find who done that last night,who killed that kid an‘its mother,then high-tailed it,they’ll throw the book,an d never mind who it hits,or whether they got fancy titles nei ther.When they find who killed the mother and the kid and t hen ran away,they'll carry out the maximum punishment no matter who will be punished in this case or what their social position is.3.The Duchess of Croydon-three centuries and a half of inbredarrogance behind her-did not yield easily.The Duchess was supported by her arrogance coming from p arents of noble familieswith a history of three centuries anda half.She wouldn’t give up easily.4.Even the self-assurance of Ogilvie flickered for an instant. The Duchess appeared so firm about their innocence thatOgilvie felt unsure if his assumption for a moment.But the mo ment was very short.5.The house detective took his time,leisurely puffing a cloud of blue cigar smoke,his eyes sardonically on the Duchess as if challenging her objection.The house detective was took his time smoking his cigar and puffed a cloud of blue smoke leisurely.At the same time,his eyes were fixed on the Duchess with contempt as if he was o penly daring her objection as she has done earlier.6.There ain’t much,out of the way,which people who stay in t his hotel do,I don’t get to hear about.No matter who stays in this hotel does anythingimproper,I a lways get to know about it.7.The Duchess of Croydon kept firm,tight rein on her racing m ind.The Duchess of Croydon is thinking quickly,but at the same t ime keeping her thoughts under control.8.And when they stopped for petrol,as they would have to,th eir speech and manner would betray them,making them co nspicuous.Furthermore,when they had to stopfor petrol,their speech and manner would make them noticeable and reveal their id entity.9)I know you are from the South.Your accent has betrayed you.10)We have no alternative in this matter.第四课 The Trial That Rocked the World1.”Don’t worry,son,we’ll show them a few tricks.”Don’t worry,young man.We have some clever and unexp ected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.2.The case had erupted round my head…The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and viol ently.3.No one,least of all I,anticipated that my case would snowba ll into one of the most famous trials in U.S.history.I was the last one to expect that my case would become o ne of the most famous trials in US history.4.”That’s one hell of a jury!”The jury iscompletely inappropriate.5.”Today it is the teachers,”he continued,”and tomorrow the magazines,the books,the newspapers.”“Today it is the teachers who are put on trial because of t eaching scientific theory,”he continued to say,”Soon the mag azines,the books and newspaper will not be allowed to spreadideas of science.”6.“There is some doubt about that,”Darrow snorted.“There is some doubt about whether man has reasoning p ower,”said Darrow scornfully.7....accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between sc ience and religion....accused Bryan of challenging a life and death strugglebe tween science and religion.8.Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they mightbe related.People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and t o consider carefully whether they and the apes could have a co mmon ancestry.9.Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a wit ness for the defense.Darrow surprised everyone by asking for Bryan as a witne ss for the defense which was a clever idea.10.My heart went out to the old warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Darrow’s hand.I felt sorry for Bryanas the spectators rushed past him to c ongratulate Darrow.第五课 The Libido for the Ugly1.…it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly,saddening joke.2.The country itself is not uncomely,despite the grime of the endless mills.The country itself is pleasant to look at,despite the sooty dirt s pread by the innumerable mills in this region.3.They have taken as their model a brick set on end.The model they followed in building their houses was a brick s tanding upright.4.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow,low-pitched roof.These brick-like houses were made of shabby,thin wooden bo ards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.5.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it ta kes on the color of a rotten egg.6.Red brick,even in a steel town,ages with some dignity. Even in a steel town,old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.7.I award this championship only after laborious research a nd incessant prayer.I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after contin uous praying.8.They show grotesqueries of ugliness that,in retrospect,becom e almost diabolical.They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that,in looking b ack,they become almost fiendish and wicked.9.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like. 10.On certain levels of the American race,indeed,there see ms to be a positive libido for the ugly…People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things;while in other less Christian strata,pe ople seem to long for things beautiful.11.They meet,in some unfathomable way,its obscure and unintelligible demands.These ugly designs,in some way that people cannot understan d,satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.12.Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beaut y as it hates truth.The place where this psychological attitude is found is the Unit ed States.1.The cultural diversity of Shanghai Expo is the richest ever se en on earth.2.The poverty of that region is beyond imagination.3.Don’t ask him about his father’s death in the car accident;d on’t even allude to it.4.On the cast expanses of wilderness there is not a single tree in sight.5.Despite severe natural catastrophe,people in the stricken ar eas still believe in love and the future.6.On the whole your report is well-written,but there is still pl enty of room for improvement.7.I’ve made up my mind not to buy a car as I prefer to ride a bi le in the city.8.Many children’s love of Internet games borders upon crazin ess.第六课 Mark Twain-Mirror of America。

Lesson 1The Middle Eastern BazaarII . 1) little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people. 1) little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people. little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2) Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3) they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4) he will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5) As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear. X ．1)一条蜿蜒的小路淹没在树荫深处A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods. 2)集市上有许多小摊子，出售的货物应有尽有At the bazaar there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. 3)我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此生气。

高级英语课后习题答案第一册完整版内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）高级英语第一册课后习题答案Lesson11)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’ market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’ market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgettable scene.II .1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to themuch quieter cloth-market.3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear. Ⅲ. See the translation of text.IV.1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour6)v. +adv..pullover, buildupV.1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumptionrates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land andtries to live off it． (adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech ina live broadcast．6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley inindustrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?Ⅵ．1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．Ⅶ．1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。

高级英语第一册第三课课后练习答案练习答案：Lesson 3 Ships in the DesertI.1)The writer went to the Aral Sea to search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis. What he saw there was hot dry sand.2)It was the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier.3)Scientists were monitoring the air several times a day to chart the course of the climate change.4)Because the polar cap plays a crucial role in the world's weather system, the thinning of the polar cap might cause flood in many places of the world.5)There are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America. The destruction of the Amazon rain forest will mean silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.6)The writer calls noctilucent clouds"ghosts in the sky". As a result of pollution, the clouds occasionally appear when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness. And they appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere.7)Because we are not yet awakened to take effective measures to deal with the climate change.8)Carbon dioxide's ability to trap heat in the atmosphere causes global warming. Because global warming seriously threatens the global climateequilibrium that determines the pat- tern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean cur- rents, and sea level. These inturn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.9)The two key factors are human population and the scientific and technological development. The dramatic changes that have occurred in these two factors are a sudden and startling surge in human population and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution.10)The writer's solution to our ecological problems is to reinvent and finally heal the relationship between human beings and the earth by carrying out a careful reassessment of all the {actors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship.Ⅱ.1)It was not at all possible to catch a large amount of fish.2)Following the layers of ice in the core sample, his finger came to the place where the layer of ice was formed 2050 years ago.3)keeps its engines running for fear that if he stops them, the metal parts would be frozen solid and the engines would not be able to start again4)Bit by bit trees in the rain forest are felled and the land is cleared and turned into pasture where cattle can be raised quickly and slaughteredand the beef can be used in ham- burgers.5)Since miles of forest are being destroyed and the habitat for these rare birds no longer exists, thousands of birds which we have not even had a chance to see will become extinct.6)Thinking about how a series of events might happen as a consequence of the thinning of the polar cap is not just a kind ofpractice in conjecture (speculation), it has got practical V alue.7) We are using and destroying resources in such a huge amount that we are disturbing the balance between daylight and darkness.8) Or have we been so accustomed to the bright electric lights that we fail to understand the threatening implication of these clouds.9)To put forword the question in a different way10)and greatly affect the living places and activities of human societiesll)We seem unaware that the earth's natural systems are delicate.12)And this continuing revolution has also suddenly developed at a speed that doubled and tripled the original speed.Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.IV.1)transportation, imitation, destruction2)encirclement, enrichment, enlightenment3)postage, coinage, advantage4)sharpness, boldness, smoothness5)admission, concession, depression6)productivity, sensitivity, desirability7)posture, departure, indenture8)independence, prudence, impudence9)flagrancy, consistency, potency10)analysis, metabasis, metamorphosisll)dictatorship, ownership, partnership12)depth, length, birthV.1)technology 技术2)ecology 生态学3)hydrology 水文学4)phrenology 颅像学5)neurology 神经病学6)pathology 病理学7)physiology生理学8)pharmacology药理学9)gynaecology妇科学lO)oceanology海洋学11)lexicology词汇学12)archaeology考古学13)anthropology人类学14)criminology犯罪学Ⅵ．1)anarchist无政府主义者2)naturalist自然主义者3)biologist生物学家4)psychologist心理学家5)satirist讽刺作家6)encyclopaedist百科全书编纂者7)geologist地质学家8)sociologist社会学家9)zoologist动物学家lO)impressionist印象派艺术家l1)environmentalist环境保护论者12)terrorist恐怖主义分子Ⅶ．1)submarine潜水艇2)submerge淹没，潜入水中3)subantartic亚南极的4)subsolar在太阳正下面的，赤道的5)subhead小标题6)subaquatic半水栖的7)subdivide把……再分8)suboxide低氧化物9)subclass亚纲lO) subclimax亚顶极群落l1)subcommittee小组委员会12)subconscious下意识的13)subcontinent次大陆14)subcontract转包合同15)subculture亚文化群16)subspecies亚种17)subsoil 底土18)sublethal ( 毒药的量等) 尚不致命的Ⅷ.inland sea, desert, core sample, glacier, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, polar ice cap, global warming, Amazon rain forest, species of birds, ecological balance, noctilucent cloud, methane gas, natural gas, landfills, coal mines, rice paddies, termites, biomass, upper atmosphere, elephants, greenhouse gases, water vapor, growing mountains of waste, acid rain, chlorine, human activities, heat-absorbing molecules, global climate equilibrium, winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, sea level, vegetative and animal life, etc.IX.1)basic examples 2)unalterable 3)meeting 4)characterized strike against each other 5)set up 6)see, attack 7)at the same time 8)balance 9)increasing, existence 10)task ll)out-of-dateX.1)consequences 2)results 3)results 4)outcome 5)results, 6)outcome 7)causes 8)causes 9)reason 10)reason ll)relations 12)relationship 13) relations 14)relationship 15)complex 16)complex 17)complicated 18)complex 19)simple 20)simplisticXI.1)with 2)of 3)on 4)of 5)in 6)in 7)against 8)than 9)of lO)as ll)as 12)with 13)of 14)of 15)for 16)ofXII.relationship, environment, garbage, what, endless, allow, that, dumping, dispose, drown, having, old, mind, running, waste, it, sight 11 recent, debates, disposal, ocean, elsewhere, confront, capacity, of, quantities, only, change, reduce, we, used, interdependent, chosen, unless,dramatically, thinking, humankind, inheritXIII. Omitted.XIV.We Must Protect Our Ecological SystemWith the development of human civilization, man has created countless wonders, but at what a price! Our ecological sys-tem, on which all animals' existence depends, has been seriously damaged and is still being threatened. The earth's temperature is getting higher, more and more forests are being felled, large numbers of animals are facing extinction, and deserts are expanding at an incredible rate.The causes for the worsening ecological system are manifold. Perhaps two of the major problems lie in people's pursuit of short-term interests with little attention to long-term interest sand their pursuit of individual interests rather than collective interests. In the first case, many lakes are filled to grow crops or even build houses; trees are cut down, only bare mountains stand cold in the wind and are capable of holding no water when it rains. In the second case, scenic spots become dirty and deserted because of newly established nearby factories producing waste water and air; industrial countries invest heavily in chemical factories in the ThirdWorld nations, keeping their own land relatively clean.To solve the problems mentioned above, we should try our best to balance short-term interests with long-term ones bymaking long-term plans and taking as many things as possible into consideration. We're living today and are still to live tomorrow we and our posterity both have to live on the earth. Besides, Global action should be taken to protect our ecological system. People, eastern or western, rich or poor, should join their hands to prevent our ecological system from being further damaged. We have only one earth and we have to make it a better world.。

高级英语第一册课后习题答案Lesson11)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’ market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgettable scene.II .1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear. Ⅲ. See the translation of text.IV.1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour6)v. +adv..pullover, buildupV.1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it． (adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?Ⅵ．1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．Ⅶ．1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。