高级英语第一册第三课

第三课Ships in the Desert目录一、词汇(V ocabulary)--------------------------------------------------------------------------1二、课文解释------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5三、课后练习及答案--------------------------------------------------------------------------19四、补充练习及答案--------------------------------------------------------------------------19一、词汇(Vocabulary)lap ( v．) : (of waves，etc．)move or strike gently with a light，splashing sound such as a dog makes in lapping(波浪)拍打；泼溅----------------------------------------------------------------------------------divert ( v．) : turn(a person or thing)aside(from a course，direction，etc．)；deflect转移；使(人或物)转向；岔开，使偏斜----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Antarctic ( adj. ) : of or near the South Pole or the region around it南极的；近南极的；南极区的；南极地带的；南极周围的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Trans—Antarctic (adj.) : crossing or spanning the Antarctic横贯南极的；横贯南极地带的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------parka ( n.) : a hip—length pullover fur garment with a hood，worn 1n arctic regions风雪大衣，派克大衣----------------------------------------------------------------------------------glacier ( n.) : a slowly moving river or mass of ice and snow that forms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly exceeds the rate at which the snow melts冰河；冰川----------------------------------------------------------------------------------accessible ( adj.) : that can be approached or entered；easy to approach or enter能够接近的；能够进去的；易接近的；易进去的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------trap ( v．) : catch in or as in a trap；entrap诱捕；计捉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------inexorable ( adj.) :that cannot be altered，checked，etc．不可变的；不可抗拒的；无情的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------graph ( n.) : a diagram consisting of nodes and links and representing logical relationships or sequences of events(曲线)图，标绘图；图表；图形----------------------------------------------------------------------------------slab ( n.) : a piece that is flat，broad，and fairly thick平板；厚片----------------------------------------------------------------------------------frigid ( adj.) : extremely cold；without heat or warmth极冷的，寒冷的，严寒的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------snowmobile ( n.) : any of various motor vehicles for traveling over snow，usually with steerable runners at the front and tractor treads at the rear(机动)雪车；(履带式)雪上汽车----------------------------------------------------------------------------------rendezvous ( n.) : [Fr．] a place designated for meeting or assembling [法语]指定集合地；会合点----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hover ( v．) : stay suspended or flutter in the air near oneplace盘旋----------------------------------------------------------------------------------eerie，eery ( adj. ) : mysterious，uncanny，or weird，esp. in such a way as to frighten or make uneasy神秘的，离奇的，怪异的；阴森的，恐怖的，可怕的／eerily adv．----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hummock ( n.) : ridge or rise in an ice field冰群；(冰原上的)冰丘----------------------------------------------------------------------------------collide ( v．) : come into violent contact；strike violently against each other；crash碰撞；猛撞；互撞----------------------------------------------------------------------------------scenario ( n.) : a sequence 0f events esp. when imagined；an account or synopsis of a projected course of action or events(设想中的)未来事态；方案----------------------------------------------------------------------------------controversial ( adj. ) : of，subject to，or stirring up controversy；disbatable争论的；引起争论的；----------------------------------------------------------------------------------tundra ( n.) : any of the vast，nearly level，treeless plains of the arctic regions冻原；苔原；冻土带----------------------------------------------------------------------------------equator ( n.) : an imaginary circle around the earth，equally distant at all points from both the North Pole and the South Pole，dividing the earth's surface into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere赤道----------------------------------------------------------------------------------billow ( v．) : surge，swell，or rise like or in a billow(巨浪)奔腾；(波涛)汹----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pasture ( n.) : ground suitable for grazing牧场----------------------------------------------------------------------------------slash (v．) : cut or wound with a sweeping stroke or strokes，as of a knife(用刀等)猛砍，乱砍----------------------------------------------------------------------------------blot (v．) : make blots on；spot；stain；blur(esp. used in blot out：darken or hide entirely；obscure)涂污；玷污；把……弄模糊；遮暗(尤用于bolt out：把……弄模糊；遮暗，遮蔽；掩蔽)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------noctilucent (adj.) : designating or of a luminous cloud of unknown composition。

Lesson 3 Ships in the DesertAL Gore1. I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship capable of processing afifty -ton catch on a good day. But it wasn’ t a good day. We were anchored in what used to be th most productive fishing site in all of central Asia, but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects ofa good catch looked bleak. Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping againstthe side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand——as far as I could see in all direct The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all theway to the horizon. Ten years ago the Aral was the fourth -largest inland sea in the world,comparable to the largest of North America ’Greats Lakes. Now it is disappearing because thewater that used to feed it has been diverted in an ill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton inthe desert. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishingfleet was now permanently docked. Meanwhile, in the nearby town of Muynak the people werestill canning fish——brought not from the Aral Sea but shipped by rail through Siberia from the Pacific Ocean, more than a thousand miles away.2. My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel aroundthe world to examine and study many of these images of destruction. At the very bottom of theearth, high in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, with the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in thesky, I stood in the unbelievable coldness and talked with a scientist in the late tall of 1988 about thetunnel he was digging through time. Slipping his parka back to reveal a badly burned face that was cracked and peeling, he pointed to the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier onwhich we were standing. He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago.where the U.S Congress passed the Clean Air Act, ”he said. At the bottom of the world, twocontinents away from Washington, D.C., even a small reduction in one country's emissions hadchanged the amount of pollution found in the remotest end least accessible place on earth.3. But the most significant change thus far in the earth’ s atmosphere is the one that be the industrial revolution early in the last century and has picked up speed ever since. Industrymeant coal, and later oil, and we began to burn lots of it —— bringing rising levels of carbondioxide (CO2) , with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth.Fewer than a hundred yards from the South Pole, upwind from the ice runway where the ski planelands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together,scientists monitor the air several times every day to chart the course of that inexorable change.During my visit, I watched one scientist draw the results of that day’ s measurements, end of a steep line still higher on the graph. He told me how easy it is——there at the earth —— to see that this enormous change in the global atmosphere is still picking up speed.4. Two and a half years later I slept under the midnight sun at the other end of our planet, in asmall tent pitched on a twelve-toot-thick slab of ice floating in the frigid Arctic Ocean. After ahearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to arendezvous point where the ice was thinner——only three and a half feet thick——and submarine hovered in the water below. After it crashed through the ice, took on its new passengers,and resub merged, I talked with scientists who were trying to measure more accurately thethickness of the polar ice cap, which many believe is thinning as a result of global warming. I hadjust negotiated an agreement between ice scientists and the U.S. Navy to secure the release ofpreviously top secret data from submarine sonar tracks, data that could help them learn what ishappening to the north polar cap. Now, I wanted to see the pole it-self, and some eight hours afterwe met the submarine, we were crashing through that ice, surfacing, and then I was standing in aneerily beautiful snowscape, windswept and sparkling white, with the horizon defined by little hummocks, or“ pressure ridges” of ice that are pushed up like tiny mountain ranges when separate sheets collide. But here too, CO2 , levels are rising just as rapidly, and ultimately temperature willrise with them——indeed, global warming is expected to push temperatures up much more rapidlyin the polar regions than in the rest of the world. As the polar air warms, the ice here will thin; andsince the polar cap plays such a crucial role in the world’ s weather system, the consequ thinning cap could be disastrous.5.Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. Six months after I returnedfrom the North Pole, a team of scientists reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distributionin the Arctic, and a second team reported a still controversial claim (which a variety of data now suggest) that, over all, the north polar cap has thinned by 2 percent in just the last decade.Moreover, scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle,the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year, and deep in the tundra below, the temperatureof the earth is steadily rising.*6. As it happens, some of the most disturbing images of environmental destruction can befound exactly halfway between the North and South poles —— precisely athe equator in Brazil ——where billowing clouds of smoke regularly blacken the sky above the immense but nowthreatened Amazon rain forest. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fastpasture for fast-food beef; as I learned when I went there in early 1989, the fires are set earlierand earlier in the dry season now, with more than one Tennessee ’worths of rain forest beingslashed and burned each year. According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America*7. But one doesn't have to travel around the world to witness humankind’ s assault on Images that signal the distress of our global environment are now commonly seen almost anywhere.On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signalsthe loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset——a watching from a place where pollution hasn't blotted out the night sky altogether——youcan sometimes see a strange kind of cloud high in the sky. This “ noctilucentcloud ”occasionallyappears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness; shimmering above us with atranslucent whiteness, these clouds seem quite unnatural. And they should: noctilucent clouds havebegun to appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere. (Alsocalled natural gas, methane is released from landfills, from coal mines and rice paddies, frombillions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass andfrom a variety of other human activities. ) Even though noctilucent clouds were sometimes seen inthe past, all this extra methane carries more water vapor into the upper atmosphere, where itcondenses at much higher altitudes to form more clouds that the sun’ s rays still strike lon sunset has brought the beginning of night to the surface far beneath them.8. What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky? Simple wonder or the mix of emotionswe feel at the zoo? Perhaps we should feel awe for our own power: just as men tear tusks fromelephants ’ headsuchin quantity as to threaten the beast with extinction, we are ripping matterfrom its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness. Inthe process, we are once again adding to the threat of global warming, because methane has beenone of the fastest-growing green-house gases, and is third only to carbon dioxide and water vaporin total volume, changing the chemistry of the upper atmosphere. But, without even consideringglisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights ofcivilization that we can’seet these clouds for what they are —— aphysical manifestation of theviolent collision between human civilization and the earth?*9. Even though it is sometimes hard to see their meaning, we have by now all witnessedsurprising experiences that signal the damage from our assault on the environment——the new frequency of days when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with whichthe sun burns our skin, or the new constancy of public debate over what to do with growingmountains of waste. But our response to these signals is puzzling. Why haven’wet launched amassive effort to save our environment? To come at the question another way: Why do someimages startle us into immediate action and focus our attention or ways to respond effectively? Andwhy do other images, though sometimes equally dramatic, produce instead a Kin. of paralysis,focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on some convenient, less painfuldistraction?10.Still, there are so many distressing images of environmental destruction that sometimes itseems impossible to know how to absorb or comprehend them. Before considering the threats themselves, it may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respond appropriately.11.A useful system comes from the military, which frequently places a conflict in one of threedifferent categories, according to the theater in which it takes place. There are“ l “ regional” battles, and“ strategic” conflicts. This third category is reserved for struggles thatthreaten a nation’ s survival and must be under stood in a global context.12.Environmental threats can be considered in the same way. For example, most instanceslike acid rain, the contamination of underground aquifers, and large oil spills are fundamentally regional. In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world that the patter n appears to be global,but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.13.However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system,and these threats are fundamentally strategic. The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorinein the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producingthe chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean —— all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amountof ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface; and itwe let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will also increasethat all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.14.Global warming is also a strategic threat. The concentration of carbon dioxide and otherheat-absorbing molecules has increased by almost 25 per cent since World War II, posing aworldwide threat to the earth’ s ability to regulate the amount of heat from the sun retained in the atmosphere. This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determinesthe pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures,ocean currents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect onthe location and pattern of human societies.15.In other words, the entire relationship between humankind and the earth has beentransformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment,not just a particular area. All of us know that human civilization has usually had a large impact onthe environment; to mention just one example, there is evidence that even in prehistoric times, vastareas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. And in our own timewe have reshaped a large part of the earth’ s surface with concrete in our cities and carefully ten rice paddies, pastures, wheat fields, and other croplands in the countryside. But these changes,while sometimes appearing to be pervasive, have, until recently, been relatively trivial factors inthe global ecological sys-tem. Indeed, until our lifetime, it was always safe to assume that nothingwe did or could do would have any lasting effect on the global environment. But it is precisely that assumption which must now be discarded so that we can think strategically about our newrelationship to the environment.16. Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment. Yet weresist this truth and find it hard to imagine that our effect on the earth must now be measured bythe same yardstick used to calculate the strength of the moon’ s pull on the oceans or the f the wind against the mountains. And it we are now capable of changing something so basic as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility touse that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, We seem oblivious of thefragility of the earth’ s natural systems.*17.This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physicalreality of our relationship to the earth: a sudden and startling surge in human population, with theaddition of one China ’ s worth of people every ten years, and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution, which has allowed an almost unimaginable magnification of ourpower to affect the world around us by burning, cutting, digging, moving,and transforming the18.The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context.From the emergence of modern humans 200,000 years ago until Julius Caesar’ s time, fewe 250 million people walked on the face of the earth. When Christopher Columbus set sail for theNew World 1,500 years later, there were approximately 500 million people on earth. By the timeThomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the number had doubled again,to 1 billion. By midway through this century, at the end of World War II, the number had risen tojust above 2 billion people.19. In other words, from the beginning of humanity’ s appearance on earth to 1945, it took m than ten thousand generations to reach a world population of 2 billion people. Now, in the courseof one human lifetime——mine——theworld population will increase from 2 to more than 9billion, and it is already more than halfway there.20.Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick upspeed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more newand important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years that. in the entire previous historyof science. While no single discovery has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth thatunclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together,they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenancemaking the consequences of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequencesof unrestrained nuclear war.21.Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that changeand understand its implications. Our challenge is to recognize that the startling images ofenvironmental destruction now occurring all over the world have much more in common than their ability to shock and awaken us. They are symptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced. Global warming, ozone depletion, the loss of living species, deforestation——theyall have a common cause: the new relationship between human civilization and the earth’ s natural balance.22.There are actually two aspects to this challenge. The first is to realize that our power to harm the earth can indeed have global and even permanent effects. The second is to realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. As a result, any solution to the problem will require a careful assessmentof thatrelationship as well as the complex interrelationship among factors within civilization and between them and the major natural components of the earth’ s ecological system.23.There is only one precedent for this kind of challenge to our thinking, and again it is military. The invention of nuclear weapons and the subsequent development by the United States and the Soviet Union of many thousands of strategic nuclear weapons forced a slow and painfulrecognition that the new power thus acquired forever changed not only the relationship betweenthe two superpowers but also the relationship of humankind to the institution at war-fare itself. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations —— completelyand simultaneously. That sobering realization led to a careful reassessment of every aspect of our mutual relationship to the prospectof such a war. As early as 1946 one strategist concluded that strategic bombing with missileswell tear away the veil of illusion that has so long obscured the reality of the change inwarfare —— from a fight to a process of destruction.”24.Nevertheless, during the earlier stages of the nuclear arms race, each of the superpower s assumed that its actions would have a simple and direct effect on the thinking of the other. For decades, each new advance in weaponry was deployed by one side for the purpose of inspiring fear in the other. But each such deployment led to an effort by the other to leapfrog the first one with a more advanced deployment of its own. Slowly, it has become apparent that the problem of the nuclear arms race is not primarily caused by technology. It is complicated by technology, true; but it arises out of the relationship between the superpowers and is based on an obsolete understanding of what war is all about.25.The eventual solution to the arms race will be found, not in a new deployment by one sideor the other of some ultimate weapon or in a decision by either side to disarm unilaterally , but ratter in new understandings and in a mutual transformation of the relationship itself. This transformation will involve changes in the technology of weaponry and the denial of nuclear technology to rogue states. But the key changes will be in the way we think about the institution of warfare and about the relationship between states.26. The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posed by changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditionsof life——a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessmentof all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramaticchange in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.( from Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit, 1992 )11。

第一课Face to face with Hurricane Camille1.We ’re elevated 23 feet. We’re 23 feet above sea level. 2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has bothered it. The house has been here since 1915, andno hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. 3.We can ba en down and ride it out. We can make the necessary prepara ons and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out. 5.Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars! 6.The electrical systems had been killed by water. The electrical systems in the car (the ba ery for the starter) had been put out by water. 7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself f endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8.Get us through this mess, will you? Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely 9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and finally stopped. 10.Janis had just one delayed reac on. Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricane rather late. 1.Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。

高英课内考点：第一课：Paraphrase1、we’re elevated 23 feet。

Our house is 23 feet above sea level.2、The place has been here since 1915,and no hurricane has ever bothered it。

The house was built in 1915,and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it.3、We can batten down and ride it out.We can make the necessary preparation and survive the hurricane without much damage。

4、The generator was doused，and the lights went out。

Water got into the generator，it stopped working。

As a result all lights were put out。

5、Everybody out the back door to the cars!Everyone go out through the back door and get into the cars!6、The electrical systems had been killed by water。

The electrical systems in the cars had been destroyed by water。

7、John watched the water lap at the steps，and felt a crushing guilt.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the family by making the wrong decision not to flee inland。

Ships In The Desert沙漠中的捕鱼船队I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day. But it wasn't a good day.我在阳光中站在一艘渔轮的灼热的钢甲板上。

走运时这艘渔轮一天能够捕获并加工50吨鱼。

然而那天不走运。

We were anchored in what used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia, but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects of a good catch looked bleak.我们抛锚停泊处过去是中亚细亚最高产的捕鱼场地。

但是当我的目光越过船首向外望去时，大量捕获的前景看来是暗淡的。

Where there shou1d have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand ----as far as I could see in all directions.这里原来有蓝绿色的海浪轻轻拍打着船边，而如今，极目四望，什么也看不见，只有灼热的干沙。

The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched al1 the way to the horizon.渔轮队的其他船只也在沙地中休闲不动，分散在一望无际的沙丘里。

Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille迎战卡米尔号飓风约瑟夫.布兰克小约翰。

柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。

就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。

柯夏克一家居住的地方一-密西西比州的高尔夫港--肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。

路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。

但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人一-妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。

为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。

两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。

他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理?希尔的意见。

约翰的全部产业就在自己家里(他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。

公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。

37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的。

四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。

不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低，高出海平面仅几英尺。

"我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺，，'他对父亲说，"而且距离海边足有250码远。

这幢房子是1915年建造的。

至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。

我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。

"老柯夏克67岁.是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。

他对儿子的意见表示赞同。

"我们是可以严加防卫。

度过难关的，"他说?"一但发现危险信号，我们还可以赶在天黑之前撤出去。

" 为了对付这场飓风，几个男子汉有条不紊地做起准备工作来。

⾼级英语1第三版课后答案解析句⼦理解及翻译paraphrasetranslation第⼀课Face to face with Hurricane Camille1.We’re elevated 23 feet.We’re 23 feet above sea level.2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has bothered it.The house has been here since 1915, andno hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3.We can batten down and ride it out.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars!6.The electrical systems had been killed by water.The electrical systems in the car (the battery for the starter) had been put out by water.7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8.Get us through this mess, will you?Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and finally stopped.10.Janis had just one delayed reaction.Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricane rather late.1.Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。

高级英语第一册第三课课后练习答案练习答案：Lesson 3 Ships in the DesertI.1)The writer went to the Aral Sea to search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis. What he saw there was hot dry sand.2)It was the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier.3)Scientists were monitoring the air several times a day to chart the course of the climate change.4)Because the polar cap plays a crucial role in the world's weather system, the thinning of the polar cap might cause flood in many places of the world.5)There are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America. The destruction of the Amazon rain forest will mean silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.6)The writer calls noctilucent clouds"ghosts in the sky". As a result of pollution, the clouds occasionally appear when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness. And they appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere.7)Because we are not yet awakened to take effective measures to deal with the climate change.8)Carbon dioxide's ability to trap heat in the atmosphere causes global warming. Because global warming seriously threatens the global climateequilibrium that determines the pat- tern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean cur- rents, and sea level. These inturn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.9)The two key factors are human population and the scientific and technological development. The dramatic changes that have occurred in these two factors are a sudden and startling surge in human population and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution.10)The writer's solution to our ecological problems is to reinvent and finally heal the relationship between human beings and the earth by carrying out a careful reassessment of all the {actors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship.Ⅱ.1)It was not at all possible to catch a large amount of fish.2)Following the layers of ice in the core sample, his finger came to the place where the layer of ice was formed 2050 years ago.3)keeps its engines running for fear that if he stops them, the metal parts would be frozen solid and the engines would not be able to start again4)Bit by bit trees in the rain forest are felled and the land is cleared and turned into pasture where cattle can be raised quickly and slaughteredand the beef can be used in ham- burgers.5)Since miles of forest are being destroyed and the habitat for these rare birds no longer exists, thousands of birds which we have not even had a chance to see will become extinct.6)Thinking about how a series of events might happen as a consequence of the thinning of the polar cap is not just a kind ofpractice in conjecture (speculation), it has got practical V alue.7) We are using and destroying resources in such a huge amount that we are disturbing the balance between daylight and darkness.8) Or have we been so accustomed to the bright electric lights that we fail to understand the threatening implication of these clouds.9)To put forword the question in a different way10)and greatly affect the living places and activities of human societiesll)We seem unaware that the earth's natural systems are delicate.12)And this continuing revolution has also suddenly developed at a speed that doubled and tripled the original speed.Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.IV.1)transportation, imitation, destruction2)encirclement, enrichment, enlightenment3)postage, coinage, advantage4)sharpness, boldness, smoothness5)admission, concession, depression6)productivity, sensitivity, desirability7)posture, departure, indenture8)independence, prudence, impudence9)flagrancy, consistency, potency10)analysis, metabasis, metamorphosisll)dictatorship, ownership, partnership12)depth, length, birthV.1)technology 技术2)ecology 生态学3)hydrology 水文学4)phrenology 颅像学5)neurology 神经病学6)pathology 病理学7)physiology生理学8)pharmacology药理学9)gynaecology妇科学lO)oceanology海洋学11)lexicology词汇学12)archaeology考古学13)anthropology人类学14)criminology犯罪学Ⅵ．1)anarchist无政府主义者2)naturalist自然主义者3)biologist生物学家4)psychologist心理学家5)satirist讽刺作家6)encyclopaedist百科全书编纂者7)geologist地质学家8)sociologist社会学家9)zoologist动物学家lO)impressionist印象派艺术家l1)environmentalist环境保护论者12)terrorist恐怖主义分子Ⅶ．1)submarine潜水艇2)submerge淹没，潜入水中3)subantartic亚南极的4)subsolar在太阳正下面的，赤道的5)subhead小标题6)subaquatic半水栖的7)subdivide把……再分8)suboxide低氧化物9)subclass亚纲lO) subclimax亚顶极群落l1)subcommittee小组委员会12)subconscious下意识的13)subcontinent次大陆14)subcontract转包合同15)subculture亚文化群16)subspecies亚种17)subsoil 底土18)sublethal ( 毒药的量等) 尚不致命的Ⅷ.inland sea, desert, core sample, glacier, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, polar ice cap, global warming, Amazon rain forest, species of birds, ecological balance, noctilucent cloud, methane gas, natural gas, landfills, coal mines, rice paddies, termites, biomass, upper atmosphere, elephants, greenhouse gases, water vapor, growing mountains of waste, acid rain, chlorine, human activities, heat-absorbing molecules, global climate equilibrium, winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, sea level, vegetative and animal life, etc.IX.1)basic examples 2)unalterable 3)meeting 4)characterized strike against each other 5)set up 6)see, attack 7)at the same time 8)balance 9)increasing, existence 10)task ll)out-of-dateX.1)consequences 2)results 3)results 4)outcome 5)results, 6)outcome 7)causes 8)causes 9)reason 10)reason ll)relations 12)relationship 13) relations 14)relationship 15)complex 16)complex 17)complicated 18)complex 19)simple 20)simplisticXI.1)with 2)of 3)on 4)of 5)in 6)in 7)against 8)than 9)of lO)as ll)as 12)with 13)of 14)of 15)for 16)ofXII.relationship, environment, garbage, what, endless, allow, that, dumping, dispose, drown, having, old, mind, running, waste, it, sight 11 recent, debates, disposal, ocean, elsewhere, confront, capacity, of, quantities, only, change, reduce, we, used, interdependent, chosen, unless,dramatically, thinking, humankind, inheritXIII. Omitted.XIV.We Must Protect Our Ecological SystemWith the development of human civilization, man has created countless wonders, but at what a price! Our ecological sys-tem, on which all animals' existence depends, has been seriously damaged and is still being threatened. The earth's temperature is getting higher, more and more forests are being felled, large numbers of animals are facing extinction, and deserts are expanding at an incredible rate.The causes for the worsening ecological system are manifold. Perhaps two of the major problems lie in people's pursuit of short-term interests with little attention to long-term interest sand their pursuit of individual interests rather than collective interests. In the first case, many lakes are filled to grow crops or even build houses; trees are cut down, only bare mountains stand cold in the wind and are capable of holding no water when it rains. In the second case, scenic spots become dirty and deserted because of newly established nearby factories producing waste water and air; industrial countries invest heavily in chemical factories in the ThirdWorld nations, keeping their own land relatively clean.To solve the problems mentioned above, we should try our best to balance short-term interests with long-term ones bymaking long-term plans and taking as many things as possible into consideration. We're living today and are still to live tomorrow we and our posterity both have to live on the earth. Besides, Global action should be taken to protect our ecological system. People, eastern or western, rich or poor, should join their hands to prevent our ecological system from being further damaged. We have only one earth and we have to make it a better world.。

高级英语第一册课文翻译第一课中东的集市中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。

此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。

你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。

这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。

赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。

市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。

你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。

各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。

随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。

这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。

布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。

中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。

例如，在布市上，所有那 1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一张陈列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。

讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。

头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择范围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。

对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。

课文翻译(Translation of the text)第一课超级摇滚巨星——关于我们自己和我们的社会，他们告诉我们些什么？摇滚乐是青少年反叛的音乐。

一—摇滚乐评论家约翰·罗克韦尔由其崇拜的人即可知其人。

——小说家罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦1972年6月中旬的一天，芝加哥圆形露天剧场里观众如潮，群情激昂，狂摇猛摆。

台上，滚石乐队的米克·贾格尔正在演唱“午夜漫步人”。

演唱结束时评论家唐·赫克曼在现场。

他说：“贾格尔抓起一个装有半加伦水的罐子沿着舞台前沿跑动，把里面的水往前几排狂热的听众身上洒。

他们蜂拥地跟随他，热切地希望能淋上几滴这洗礼的圣水。

”1973年12月下旬的一天，大约一万四千名尖声叫喊的歌迷在华盛顿市外的首都中心剧场嘈杂地涌向台前。

美国的恐怖歌星艾利斯·库珀正要结束自己表演。

他借助断头台假装结束自己生命来结束表演。

他的“头”落人一个草篮中。

“啊！”一个穿黑衣服的女孩惊呼道，“啊，太了不起了！”十四岁的迈克·玻利也在场，但他的父母并不在。

“他们觉得他令人恶心，”迈克说，“他们对我说，‘你怎么能忍受那种东西？’”1974年1月下旬的一天，在纽约州尤宁代尔的拿骚体育馆里，鲍勃·狄伦和乐队正在为音乐会上用的乐器调音。

场外瓢泼大雨中，摇滚乐迷克利斯·辛格正等着入场。

“这是朝圣，”克利斯说，“我应该跪着爬进去。

”你是如何看待所有这些溢美之词与英雄崇拜？当米克·贾格尔迷们把他视为至高的神父或神明时，你是赞成他们还是反对他们？你和克利斯·辛格一样对鲍勃·狄伦怀有几乎是宗教般的崇敬吗？你认为他或狄伦步入歧途了吗？你是否嫌艾利斯·库珀表演恶心而不接受他？还是你莫名其妙地被这个怪异的小丑吸引，因为他表现了你最疯狂的幻想？这并非是些随便问问的问题。

有些社会学家认为，你对这些问题的回答，很能说明你在想些什么，社会在想些什么。

张汉熙《⾼级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】（LessonLesson 3 Blackmail⼀、词汇短语1. blackmail n. extortion of money by threats to exposediscrediting information敲诈，勒索：If someone tried to blackmail me Iwould tell the police.如果有⼈企图敲诈我，我就向警察告发。

2. suite n. a series of connected rooms used as a living unit⼀套房间：T hey assembled in the chairman’s office suite.他们聚集在总统的办公室套间⾥。

3. cryptic adj. secret or occult秘密的，不公开的：a cryptic remark 含义隐晦的话4. fray vt. to alarm; frighten使惊恐，使害怕5. buzzer n. an electric signaling device, such as a doorbell, that makesa buzzing sound电铃，门铃6. dispatch vt. to send someone or something somewhere for aparticular purpose分派，派遣：dispatch a messenger派遣使者7. errand n. a short trip taken to perform a specified task, usually foranother差事：I’ve got a few errands to do in the town.我有⼏件事要进城办。

[搭配]run errand跑腿8. piggy adj. like a pig; greedy猪⼀般的；贪婪的9. sardonically adv. scornfully or cynically mocking讥讽地，嘲笑地10. gross adj. overweight; heavy臃肿的，肥胖的11. encompass vt. to form a circle or ring around; surround围绕，环绕：The course will encompass physics, chemistry and biology.课程将包括物理、化学和⽣物学。

第三课沙漠之舟艾尔?戈尔1.我头顶烈日站在一艘渔船的滚烫的钢甲板上。

这艘渔船在丰收季节一天所处理加工的鱼可达15吨。

但现在可不是丰收季节。

这艘渔船此时此刻停泊的地方虽说曾是整个中亚地区最大的渔业基地，但当我站在船头向远处眺望时，却看出渔业丰收的希望非常渺茫。

极目四顾，原先那种湛蓝色海涛轻拍船舷的景象已不复存在，取而代之的是茫茫的一片干燥灼热的沙漠。

渔船队的其他渔船也都搁浅在沙漠上，散见于陂陀起伏、绵延至天边的沙丘间。

十年前，咸海还是世界上第四大内陆湖泊，可与北美大湖区五大湖中的最大湖泊相媲美。

而今，由于兴建了一项考虑欠周的水利工程，原来注入此湖的水被引入沙漠灌溉棉田，咸海这座大湖的水面已渐渐变小，新形成的湖岸距离这些渔船永远停泊的位置差不多有40公里远。

与此同时，这儿附近的莫里那克镇上人们仍在生产鱼罐头，但所用的鱼已不是咸海所产，而是从一千多英里以外的太平洋渔业基地穿越西伯利亚运到这儿来的。

2.我因要对造成环境危机的原因进行调查而得以周游世界，考察和研究许多类似这样破坏生态环境的事例。

一九八八年深秋时节，我来到地球的最南端。

高耸的南极山脉中太阳在午夜穿过天空中的一个孔洞照射着地面，我站在令人难以置信的寒冷中，与一位科学家进行着一场谈话，内容是他正在挖掘的时间隧道。

这位科学家一撩开他的派克皮大衣，我便注意到他脸上因烈日的曝晒而皮肤皲裂，干裂的皮屑正一层层地剥落。

他一边讲话一边指给我看。

从我们脚下的冰川中挖出的一块岩心标本上的年层。

他将手指．到二十年前的冰层上，告诉我说，“这儿就是美国国会审议通过化空气法案的地方。

”这里虽处地球之顶端，距美国首都华盛顿两大洲之遥，但世界上任何一个国家只要将废气排放量减少一席在空气污染程度上引起的相应变化便能在南极这个地球上最偏而人迹难至的地方反映出来。

3.迄今为止，地球大气层最重要的变化始于上世纪初的工业命，变化速度自那以后逐渐加快。

工业意味着先是煤、后是石油消耗。

Aral Sea Before and After Photos PicturesAral Sea before and after photos pictures gallery check out here. Centra l Asia’s vast Aral Sea dramatically retreated from 2006 to 2009. As a result, the easter section lost about 80 percent of the waters. What surprise the people is that the process just took 4 years, according to National Geographic.Fifty years ago the water disappeared from the shores of the Aral Sea, leaving behind it an ecological and economic wasteland plagued by toxic dust storms. Slowly, thanks to a new dam separating the sea into two, it has been creeping back in the northern Kazakh section. Before long, water could once again flow into the harbour at Aralsk, the former centre of a thriving fishing industry.The Kazakh steppe turns gradually to desert in the hundreds of kilometres of empty land separating Aralsk from the nearest major city. Cottages are smaller, the camels are scrawnier and clouds of dust almost obscure the isolated stations. In Aralsk, the wind howls from the empty shore, whipping up grains of sand against the whitewashed cottages. Even indoors, the wind whistles through cracks in the windows and moans through the plumbing.The region was once the Soviet Union’s fourth-largest producer of fish with a thriving processing industry. A mural at the railway station shows Lenin receiving the 14 tonnes of fish Aralsk sent to feed starving workers in the brand new Soviet Union. But this service received a harsh payback from Moscow. Back in the 1950s, the decision was made to divert the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, the two rivers that feed the Aral Sea, to transform Central Asia into one of the world’s largest cotton-producing regions. Cold-blooded calculations of the relative values of cotton production and the Aral fishing industry resulted in the decision to allow the sea to die. “It’s an old story, one that started 100 years before {Mikhail] Gorbachev, when the socialist vision of diverting the Siberian rivers to the south was first dreamed up,” says Alexander Peytchev of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, which has launcheda new project to refocus the attentions of donors on the sea. The easier option of exploiting the Amu Darya and Syr Darya was adopted as early as the 1930s, but it wasn’t until the early 1960s that over-exploitation started and people noticed that the sea was disappearing.By the time the Soviet Union broke up in 1991, the seashore had retreated to 91 kilometres away from Aralsk and with it disappeared the livelihoods of many of Aralsk’s population. The sea’s surface area fell from 68,000 square kilometres in the early 1960s to just 17,160 square kilometres by 2004. Serik Duisenbayev, a project manager at the NGO Aral Tenizi, who was born and brought up in Aralsk, didn’t see the sea for the first time until he was 17. “Before then, I only heard stories about the sea from my parents,” he says.“The fish processing plant in Aralsk once employed more than 3,000 people,” says Duisenbayev. “However, the annual catch plummeted from 22,000 tonnes in the early 1960s down to 2,300 tonnes at the end of the following decade. In the final years of the Soviet era, Aral fishermen would travel to Balkhash and other lakes for several months a year, bringing their catch back to Aralsk for processing. But after Kazakhstan gained its independence, everything fell apart and the factory went bankrupt in the mid-1990s.”See Aral Sea Before and After Photos Pictures:。

Translation1.不用着急，慢慢来，我们还有时间。

（to take one’s time）Take your time, don’t worry about it. We still have time.2.你的意思是说我在撒谎吗？(to suggest)Are you suggest that I’m lying?3.他企图尽一切办法掩盖事情的真相。

(to conceal)He tried to take his own to conceal the truth of the matter.4.虽然成功的可能性很小，我们仍然要竭尽全力去干(chance)Although there is a little chance to be success, we should try our best to achieve it.5.如不另行通知，我们的会在明天上午十点开。

(unless)Unless further notice, our meeting will be held at ten tomorrow morning.6.我俩谁也不善于计算数字。

(adept)Neither of us are adept at calculate numbers.7.假定五点出发，我们在黄昏前能到达目的地吗？(to assume)Assuming we leave ai five, can we arrive our destination before nightfall?8.他不愿意依从她的要求。

(to comply with)He was unwilling to comply with her request.9.我知道你是南方人，一听你的口音就知道了。

(to betray)I know you’re from north, your accent betrays you.10.在这件事情上，我们没有任何选择的余地。

Al Gore was inaugurated as the 45th Vice President of the United States on January 20, 1993. President Clinton chose then-Senator Gore to be his running mate on July 9, 1992. He was formally nominated as the Democratic nominee for Vice President one week later at the Democratic National Convention in New York.Gore's Congressional career began when he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976 where he served eight years representing the then 4th District of Tennessee. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was re-elected in 1990, becoming the first candidate in modern history -- Republican or Democratic -- to win all 95 of Tennessee's counties. A candidate for the Democratic nomination for President in 1988, Gore won more than three million votes and Democratic contests in seven states.Gore was born on March 31, 1948, and is the son of former U.S. Senator Albert Gore, Sr. and Pauline Gore. Raised in Carthage, Tennessee, and Washington, D.C., he received a degree in government with honors from Harvard University in 1969. After graduation, he volunteered for enlistment in the U.S. Army and served in Vietnam.Returning to civilian life, Vice President Gore became an investigative reporter with The Tennessean in Nashville. He attended Vanderbilt University Divinity School and Vanderbilt Law School and operated a small homebuilding business.Vice President Gore is married to the former Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" Aitcheson. They have four children: Karenna (born August 6, 1973), Kristin (born June 5, 1977), Sarah (born January 7, 1979), and Albert III (bornOctober 19, 1982). Vice President Gore owns a small farm near Carthage, and the family attends New Salem Missionary Baptist Church in Carthage.。