常见政治术语翻译课堂

一、政治类：1. 日益昌盛become increasingly prosperous2. 快速发展develop rapidly3. 隆重集会gather ceremoniously4. 热爱和平love peace5. 追求进步pursue progress6. 履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations7. 回顾奋斗历程review the course of struggle8. 展望伟大征程look into the great journey9. 充满信心和力量be filled with confidence and strength10. 必胜be bound to win11. 主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to take action12. 和平共处coexist peacefully13. 对内开放和对外开放open up both externally and internally14. 经历两个不同时期experience two different periods15. 战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties16. 赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another17. 完全意识到be fully aware that18. 迈出重要的一步make an important step19. 采取各种措施adopt various measures20. 得出结论,告一段落draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion21. 实现民族独立realize national independence22. 追求真理seek the truth23. 建立社会主义制度establish a socialist system24. 根除(防止,消除)腐败root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption25. 响应号召respond to the call26. 进入新时期enter a new period27. 实行新政策practice new policies28. 展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality29. 增强综合国力enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and和国际竟争力international competitiveness30. 进入世界先进行列edge into the advanced ranks in the world31. 解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing32. 吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations33. 与日俱增increase every day34. 实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes35. 必将实现be bound to come true36. 锻造一支人民军队forge a people’s army37. 建立巩固的国防build a strong national defense38. 进行和谈hold peace talks39. 修改法律amend the laws40. 在．．．中起（至关）play a major的(crucial, an important ) role in重要作用41. 对．．．做出重要(巨大)贡献make important (great, major )contributions to42. 遵循规则follow the principles43. 把理论和实际结合起来integrate theory with prac tice …44. 把．．．作为指导take… as the guide45. 缓和紧张状况ease the tension46. 高举伟大旗帜hold high the great banner47. 解决新问题resolve new problems48. 观察当今世界observe the present-day world49. 开拓前进open up new ways forward50. 增强凝聚力enhance the rally power51. 结束暴力，开始和平谈判end the violence and resume peace talks52. 进行战略性调整make strategic readjustment53. 开始生效go into effect / enter into force54. 就．．．接受妥协accept a compromise on55. 接受．．．的采访be interviewed by56. 把……看成社会公敌look upon … as a threat to society57. 把……捐给慈善机构donate …to charities58. 维护世界和平maintain world peace59. 摆脱贫穷落后get rid of poverty and backwardness60. 实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity61. 反对各种形式的恐怖主义be opposed to all forms of terrorism62. 宣布。

2023政治术语名词及解释政治术语是政治科学研究领域的基础，它们用于描述政治体系、政治思想、政治行为以及政治制度等。

下面是一些2023年可能涉及的政治术语及其解释。

一、国家与政府机构1. 国家（State）：一个区域内由政治权威统治的社会组织，具有主权和独立性。

2. 政府（Government）：国家最高权力机关，负责管理国家事务、制定政策和法律。

3. 民主（Democracy）：一种政治制度，政权由人民通过选举方式参与政府决策的过程。

4. 人民代表大会制度（People's Representative System）：一种通过选举产生代表，代表人民的政府形式。

5. 专制主义（Autocracy）：一种政治制度，政权集中在单一个体或团体手中，缺乏政治竞争和公众参与。

6. 多党制（Multi-party System）：在国家内允许存在多个政党，政府通过选举和协商产生。

7. 单一党制（One-party System）：只允许一个政党存在和执政。

8. 反对党（Opposition Party）：在多党制中，不在执政地位的政党。

9. 立法机构（Legislature）：负责制定法律和监督政府行为的机构，如国会、议会等。

10. 最高法院（Supreme Court）：国家的最高司法机构，负责审理最终上诉案件和宪法解释。

二、政治理论和思想11. 自由主义（Liberalism）：强调个人自由和平等权利，主张少量政府干预。

12. 社会主义（Socialism）：追求社会公平、财富分配公正的理论和实践。

13. 保守主义（Conservatism）：强调传统价值、权威和社会稳定。

14. 议会制（Parliamentary System）：一种政治制度，行政权力由立法机构选举的政府担任。

15. 总统制（Presidential System）：一种政治制度，行政权力由直接选举的总统担任。

16. 社会契约（Social Contract）：政治理论，指民众和政府之间存在一种合约关系，人民放弃某些自由权利，以换取国家秩序和安全。

常见的政治术语翻译政治在国家和社会的运作中起着非常重要的作用，因此政治术语也是我们在学习政治时需要掌握的重要内容。

政治术语翻译是政治学和语言学相互结合、相互协作的综合性学科，是研究将外语政治术语翻译成汉语的原则、方法和技巧的学科。

下面将列举一些常见的政治术语及其翻译。

1. Democracy（民主）民主是一个非常常见的词汇，作为一个政治术语，其译名应该准确且通俗易懂。

民主的基本含义是“人民治理”，它是一种政治权利的平等和民主决策的原则，通常是通过选举代表和公民参与政治活动实现的。

因此，汉语对民主的翻译应该准确地表达出这些含义。

2. Equality（平等）平等是与民主密切相关的政治术语，它不仅是社会公正的核心价值观，也是现代民主政治的基础原则之一。

在翻译平等的时候，要注意其词汇的语境，例如，在平等的选举中，应该翻译为“公正选举”，而在平等的分配资源中，应该翻译为“公平分配”。

3. Liberty（自由）自由是一个广泛存在于政治、哲学和文化领域的概念，其涵义可以是政治自由、表达自由、身体自由等等。

在翻译自由的时候，需要注意其上下文的含义，并寻找可以最好地表达这个概念的词汇，例如，政治自由可以翻译为“言论自由”、“示威自由”等等。

4. Authoritarianism（威权主义）威权主义是一种政治制度，它通常是由一个强大的领袖或小团体掌控政治权力的政府形式。

在翻译威权主义的时候，需要注意与其对应的“民主”相区别，准确地表达出其在政治权力分配中的权威特点。

5. Diplomacy（外交）外交是国家和国家之间以及其他国际组织之间的政治关系。

解释外交的含义需要考虑到其历史、文化、制度等方面的含义，因此在翻译外交的时候，需要注意到外交任务不仅仅局限在政治谈判、边界问题等类似领土争端等问题上，还包括国际安全等其他领域。

6. Nationalism（民族主义）民族主义是一种政治理念，它认为民族（或其它类似团体，如宗教或文化群体）自身利益高于其他任何利益，因此应该维护自身的优势和权益。

1．坚持科学发展、和谐发展、和平发展Pursue development according to scientific principles, maintain harmony during development and ensure peaceful development 2．全面落实科学发展观Fully apply (原为implement) the Scientific Outlook on Development3．推动经济社会发展切实转入科学发展轨道To truly put economic and social development on a scientific track4．科学发展Develop in a scientific manner5．走科学发展道路Follow a scientific path of development 6．科学民主决策Make decisions scientifically and democratically7．中央The national leadership/the central Party and government authorities(原为：the central authorities)8．今年提出GDP增长8％左右的指标The target set for GDP growth this year is around 8%.9．文化体育事业进一步繁荣Continued progress was made in cultural and sports programs.10．关心支持残疾人事业的发展We will continue to show concern for and support the development of programs for physically and mentally challenged persons. 11．我们要发展老龄事业We will develop old age programs.12．经济运行中的关键问题Major problems in economic performance 13．解决了三千万农村人口安全用水问题We made safe drinking water available to thirty million rural residents. (原为resolved the problem of safe drinking water to …) 14．制定措施解决农民工问题Formulate policies to address difficulties rural migrant workers face in cities (原为to solve the problem of rural migrant workers in cities)15．要抓紧解决下岗职工就业问题We need to work quickly to resolve the issue of providing reemployment for laid-off workers.16．国有企业历史遗留问题The long-standing problems of SOEs17．解决群众关心的看病难问题Solve the difficulty (原为problem) of obtaining medical service, an issue of public concern18．解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题Solve the most practical problems that are of most concern to the people and most directly affect their interests19．我们必须以对国家和人民高度负责任的精神采取有力措施解决这些问题We must maintain a strong sense of responsibility to the country and people and take forceful measures (原为forceful steps) to resolve these problems.20．必须把解决”三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之中We must put resolution of issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers at the very top of our work agenda.21．着力解决民生问题Every effort was made to improve the people’s well-being.22．解决拖欠工程款和农民工资问题Resolve the problem of default on construction costs payment and unpaid wages for rural migrant workers.23. 政府自身建设存在一些问题Government efforts to enhance performance still have room for improvement.24. 存在这些问题根本在于制度不健全,监管不到位The root cause of the problems lies in institutional deficiencies and poor oversight.25. 基层民主政治建设加强Continued progress was made in democracy at the village and community level.26. 领导干部要深入基层了解群众疾苦Leading officials should visit communities (不用grassroots) to better understand (原为find about) the problems troubling the people.27. 加强基层民主Expand democracy at village and community level28. 经济结构矛盾突出There are still serious structural problems in the economy.29. 银行资金流动性过剩问题突出The problem of excessive liquidity(原为：liquidity in banks) is serious.30. 国际收支不平衡矛盾比较突出Imbalance in international payments is fairly serious.31. 着力解决外贸顺差过大的矛盾Take measures to reduce the excessively large trade surplus (原为to mitigate the problem of excessively large trade surplus)32. 从各方面采取措施缓解国际收支不平衡的矛盾Adopt various measures (原为in various areas)to ease imbalance in international payments 33. 引发投资增长过快的因素仍然存在The factors causing overheated investment remain.34. 法定支出Legally mandated expenditure35. 政策性企业破产Policy mandated bankruptcy of enterprises 36. 不少支出增长是刚性的Many increases in expenditure are fixed/mandatory.37. 积极稳妥推进企业政策性破产工作Actively yet prudently proceed with work related to policy mandated bankruptcy of enterprises38. 外贸顺差较大The foreign trade surplus has become large (原为too large, quite large).39. 中央财政2003-2006年超收较多The central government revenue exceeded targets by a fair amount for the years 2003 through 2006.40. 当前财政形势较好The current state of public finance is fairly good.41. 重点领域和关键环节改革取得新进展Further progress was made in reform in key areas and crucial links.42. 加强财政税收对经济运行的调节We improved the role of fiscal and tax measures in regulating economic activity. 43. 严肃查处土地使用违法行为Took stern actions against (原为severely dealt with) violations of laws and regulations concerning land use44. 固定资产投资增幅回落The growth rate in fixed assets investment dropped (原为declined).45. 避免经济增长由偏快转为过热We worked hard to prevent rapid economic growth from becoming overheated growth. 46. 这些措施进一步调动了农民种粮的积极性These steps gave farmers more incentive toproduce grain.47. 加快经济结构调整Accelerate adjustment of the economic structure/system (原为accelerate economic restructuring)48. 对产能过剩行业进行重组To carry out restructuring of industries with surplus production capacity49. 淘汰煤炭行业落后产能Close down backward production facilities in the coal industry (原为eliminate backward production capacity in the coal industry)50. 关系国民经济全局的重大工程Key projects vital to China’s economy were completed. (原为key projects bearing on the national economy were completed)51. 为增强经济增长后劲发挥重要作用Play an important role in sustaining China’s economic development52. 整顿小煤矿取得了阶段性成果Major progress was made in the current stage of our efforts to restore order in the smallcoalmines.53. 振兴东北工作顺利开展The work of rejuvenating Northeast China is proceeding smoothly.54. 国有经济布局调整取得新的进展Progress was made in adjusting the distribution of the state sector of the economy.55. 上市公司股权分制改革基本完成Reform of introducing shareholder structure in listed companies was basically completed. 56. 规范收入分配秩序Standardize pattern of income distribution 57. 整顿和规范市场秩序Improve market order (原为improve and standardize market order)58. 改革深化为经济社会发展注入了新的动力The deepening of reform added fresh vitality and gave new impetus to economic and social development.59. 我们优先发展教育We put education high on the developmentagenda.60. 高等学校在校总人数达到两千三百万. The total college attendance reached 23 million.61. 这标志高等教育发展达到了一个新水平. This marks a new level in the development of higher education in China.62. 历史罕见的严重自然灾害Natural disasters of a severity seldom seen in history63. 政务、厂务、村务公开不断扩大Government, factory and village affairs were made more transparent.64. 颁布了29个行政法规Promulgated 29 sets of administrative regulations65. 实施治理商业贿赂专项行动A campaign to combat business bribery was launched.66. 依法打击经济犯罪People guilty of economic crimes were penalized.67. 民族宗教工作进一步加强Work related to ethnic groups and religion was further improved.68. 实事求是Pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach (原为seek truth from facts)69. 解放思想Free our minds(原为：emancipate our minds) 70. 政府工作中还有一些缺点和不足There are some shortcomings and inadequacies in the work of the government.71. 一二三产业比例不合理There is a lack of proper balance among primary, secondary and tertiary industries. 72. 投资消费关系不协调Investment is not in keeping with consumer demand. (原为consumption demand)73. 经济增长模式粗放The pattern of economic growth is inefficient. (原为extensive)74. 政府职能转变滞后Moves to change the way the governmentfunctions are behind schedule/have not made expected progress.75. 政企不分现象仍然突出Non-separation of government administration and enterprise management remains a serious issue.76. 向人民交出满意的答卷To deliver a good report to the people77. 政府工作的基本思路是:The basic approach for the work of government is:78. 着力调整经济结构Speed up adjustment of economic structure/system (原为speed up economic restructuring)79. 努力实现国民经济又好又快发展Work hard for sound and fast development of China’s economy80. 电视覆盖从行政村向自然村延伸TV coverage extends from incorporated villages to unincorporated villages(原为：administrative villages and natural villages). 81. 认真贯彻行政许可法Implement in earnest the Administrative Permit Law82. 关心中国现代化建设To care about China’s modernization83. 城市最低生活保障制度System of basic (原为minimum) cost of living allowances for urban residents84. 最低工资制度The system of minimum wages85. 加快建设法治政府We accelerated development of government by the rule of law.86. 全面推进依法行政Advance all aspects of government administration in accordance with the law 87. 全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设Promote all aspects of socialist economic, political and cultural development88. 调整投资与消费的关系Adjust the balance between investment and consumption89. 稳定消费预期，扩大即期消费We should ensure (不用stabilize) consumer confidence and expand immediate consumption.90. 培养旅游、休闲、健身等消费热点Develop consumption growth areas such as tourism, recreation and exercise91. 坚持区别对待Take different approaches to different situations92. 实现现代化的宏伟目标Attain the ultimate goal (原为grand goal) we have set for modernization93. 目前我们正在采取一系列措施节能(原为at present, 后去掉) We are taking steps to save energy.94. 重工业增长过快Growth in heavy industry is overheated (原为excessive).95. 监管不到位/监管不力Poor oversight96. 以更高昂的精神状态恪尽职守We must carry out our duties with greater drive (原为with an even more enthusiastic attitude).97. 降低消耗Reduce consumption of energy and resources 98. 根据经济运行的新情况完善政策Improve policies in response to new developments in the operation of the economy 99. 把各项政策落到实处Truly put all policies into effect100. 重点是加强宏观调控The focus of this effort is to strengthen macroeconomic regulation101. 有保有压, 不搞一刀切We should encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others, treating each sector according to its specific situation.102. 妥善处理内需和外需的关系Properly balance domestic demand and international demand103. 统筹考虑国内外经济发展的相互联系和影响Take into consideration the interconnectedness and mutual influence of domestic and international economic development104. 我们未能完成去年年初确定的节能目标We fell short of the targets set at the beginning of last year to reduce energy consumption. 105. 国务院将每年如实向全国人大报告节能进展情况The State Council will report on the actual progress made in saving energy to the NPC annually.106. 把节能放在更突出的位置Attach greater importance to saving energy 107. 维护社会公正正义Safeguard social fairness and justice108. 使全体人民共享改革发展成果To ensure that all the people share the fruits of reform and development109. 以改革开放为动力推进各项工作Make reform and opening-up a driving force behind all work110. 坚持社会主义市场经济改革的方向We must continue in the direction of reform to deepen the socialist market economy (不是stick to the orientation of …).111. 抓好以下几个方面:We should concentrate on the following areas: 112. 解决出口退税历史欠帐Resolve long-standing arrears in export tax rebates113. 放宽市场准入Relax control over market entry114. 鼓励个体经营Encourage individually operated business 115. 非公有制经济Non-public economic sectors116. 市场主体产权日趋多元化The ownership of companies has become increasingly diversified.117. 两种企业所得税并存的历史条件发生的根本性变化Fundamental changes have taken place in the historical conditions justifying two corporate income tax rates.118. 统一企业所得税的时机和条件现已成熟Timing and conditions are now ripe for unifying corporate income tax rates.119. 这将使内外企业处于平等竞争地位。

软环境soft environment保监会China Insurance Regulatory Commission标本兼治address both the symptoms and the root causes of the problem博采众长draw on others’ successful experienc e长治久安long-term stability常务委员member of a standing committee创新体系an innovation system垂直管理vertical management反腐倡廉anti-corruption bid反贪法规anti-corruption legislation港人治港the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong 高度自治 a high degree of autonomy公平分配fair distribution国防预算defense budget国际责任international responsibilities/liabilities和谐社会 a harmonious society宏观调控macrocontrol基层监督grassroots supervision减员增效downsize the staff to improve efficiency解放思想emancipate people’s minds就业问题employment problem开放兼容open and receptive抗洪救灾fight floods and provide relief廉政准则code of ethics两岸关系cross-straits relations民主监督democratic supervision民主权利democratic rights民主协商democratic consultation民族地区regions inhabited by ethnic groups试点项目pilot project司法公正judicial justice体制创新institutional innovation社会监管social supervision人民团体mass organizations失职渎职dereliction of duty; neglect of one’s duties西电东送transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region小康社会 a moderately prosperous society养老保险old-age security system依法治国run the country according to law以人为本put people first与时俱进advance with the times增收节支increase revenue and cut government expenditures征地拆迁land expropriation, housing demolition and resident relocation转变职能transform government functions自主创新independent innovation综合国力overall national strength政企分开separate functions of the government from those of enterprises政务透明administrative transparency邓小平理论Deng Xiaoping Theory分配货币化distribution of money服务型政府service-oriented government负责任政府responsible government科学发展观scientific outlook on development宪法修正案amendments to the Constitution最大的效益the best possible results防灾减灾能力our ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters 风险防范机制risk prevention mechanism和平统一大业great cause of peaceful reunification科教兴国战略the strategy of invigorating China through thedevelopment of science and education科学技术进步scientific and technological progress基础设施建设construction of infrastructure facilities零基预算制度 a zero-base budgeting system年度国家预算annual state budget全国各族人民people of all our ethnic groups全国人大代表deputy to the National People’s Congress全国政协委员member of the national committee of the CPPCC 社会公共需要social needs退休金双轨制dual pension scheme政府工作报告report on the work of the government政府机构改革reform of government institutions政治体制改革political restructuring维护祖国统一safeguard national unity严肃追究责任strengthen administrative accountability依法行政意识consideration to carrying out their official duties in accordance with the law执行力和公信力executive ability and greater public trust中共中央委员会CPC Central Committee爱好和平的国家 a peace-loving country按劳分配为主体distribution according to work remains dominant 城镇登记失业率registered unemployment rate in cities and towns 低水平重复建设low-level redundant development可持续发展战略the strategy of sustainable development西部大开发战略the strategy of developing the western region再就业下岗人员re-employment of laid-off workers解放和发展生产力release and develop productive forces城镇社会保障体系urban social security system城镇住房制度改革reform of the urban housing system促进社会和谐稳定promote social harmony and stability打击取缔非法收入crack down on and ban illegal income服从全局、服务全局be subordinated to and serve the overall interests of the country肝胆相照、荣辱与共treat each other with all sincerity and share weal and woe公共服务和社会管理public services and administration合理的收入分配制度rational income distribution system和衷共济、团结奋斗concerted and strenuous efforts经济繁荣和社会进步economic prosperity and social progress经济平稳较快发展steady and rapid economic development全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)社会主义法治国家socialist country under the rule of law食品药品质量监管oversight and supervision of food and drug quality推进事业单位改革push forward the reform of institutions维护社会公平正义safeguard social fairness and justice中华民族的无疆大爱boundless love of the Chinese nation中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection政府促进就业的责任responsibility of the government for stimulating employment《中美三个联合公报》The Three Sino-U.S. Joint Communiqués“三个代表”重要思想the important thought of Three Represents对人民高度负责的态度maintain a high sense of responsibility to people 扭转收入差距扩大的趋势reverse the widening income gap旗帜鲜明地反对民族分裂take a clear-cut stand against attempts to split the nation全国人民代表大会主席团NPC Presidium日益增长的物质文化需求growing material and cultural needs社会主义制度的无比优越incomparable superiority of the socialist system 中国共产党全国代表大会the National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC)依法行政、公正严明的法治政府a government that respects legal system and rulesstrictly and impartially突发公共安全事件应急处理机制mechanisms for responding to emergencies thatthreaten public safety选举权、知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权rights to vote and to stay informed about,participate in, express views on, andoversee government affairs我们始终坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国的具体实际相结合。

政治常用专业术语50个1.政治体制- Political system2.政治制度- Political institution3.国家- State4.执政党- Ruling party5.总统- President6.国会- Congress7.立法- Legislation8.司法- Judiciary9.行政- Administration10.政党- Political party11.政治参与- Political participation12.公民权利- Civil rights13.政治稳定- Political stability14.政治危机- Political crisis15.政治改革- Political reform16.政治发展- Political development17.政治文化- Political culture18.政治经济学- Political economy19.民主- Democracy20.选举- Election21.政治权利- Political power22.政治议程- Political agenda23.政治决策- Political decision-making24.政变- Coup d'etat25.政治权力分配- Political power sharing26.领袖- Leader27.政治意识形态- Political ideology28.国家主权- National sovereignty29.政治哲学- Political philosophy30.政治学说- Political theory31.统治合法性- Legitimacy of rule32.政治参与度- Political participation rate33.政治费用- Political cost34.政治核心- Political core35.群众运动- Mass movement36.政治宣传- Political propaganda37.政治病态- Political pathology38.选民- Electorate39.政治秩序- Political order40.政治法制- Political and legal system41.公共管理- Public administration42.政治对立- Political opposition43.政治秘书- Political secretary44.政治干部- Political cadre45.政治秘密- Political secret46.政治教育- Political education47.政治氛围- Political atmosphere48.政治协商- Political consultation49.政治领域- Political field50.政治权力垄断- Political power monopoly。

常见政治术语新译原词十八大报告英文版中的译法新译科学发展观the scientific outlook on development the scientific developmentconcept生态文明the ecological progress the ecological civilization海洋强国名词短语：a maritime power动词短语：to build China into a maritimepower 名词短语：a maritime power 动词短语：to cultivate a power by the sea文化强国名词短语：无对应词动词短语：to develop a strong socialist culturein China 名词短语：a cultural power 动词短语：to cultivate a power with culture依法治国名词短语：law-based governance of the country 动词短语：无对应词名词短语：the rule of law动词短语：to enforce/establish/build the rule of law政治清明The political integrity is upheld. The polity is clean.建成小康to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society 小康社会——a society of harvest酝酿小康社会的构想——to sow a society of harvest建成小康社会——to harvest a society of harvest建设小康社会——to cultivate a society of harvest全面建设小康社会——to cultivate intensively a society of harvest两个凡是Whenever we make a decision involving the immediate interests of the people, we mustsolicit their views on it. We must not doanything that may harm the interests of thepeople and must correct any action that causesdamage to their interests.（凡是涉及群众切身利益的决策都要充分听取群众意見，凡是损害群众利益的做法都要坚决防止和纠正。

执法部门law-enforcing departments群众组织mass organizations保证将国家机关的工作置于社会的监督下to ensure the works of state organizations be put under social supervision深入开展反腐败斗争to deepen the anticorruption campaign廉正建设the construction of honest administering社会主义民主政治的核心是人民当家做主,真正享有法律赋予的各项民主权利.The essence and core of socialist democratic politics is that the people are the masters and they really enjoy various democratic rights endowed by laws集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定 collective leadership, democratic centralism, case-specific consultation, decision through meeting全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民serve the people heart and soul, work for the public and assumes power for the people社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 小康社会、小康生活well-to-do society, well-to-do life 四项基本原则Four Cardinal Principles社会主义初级阶段the primary stage of socialism党管干部的原则the principle of the Party assuming the respons ibility for cadres’ affairs集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定collective leadership, democratic centralism, case-specific consultation, decisionthrough meeting基本国策 basic state policy精神文明 intellectual and ideological development物质文明 material progress廉政建设 construction of a clean government权利下放 delegate / decentralize power to the lower levels人浮于事 overstaffed社会风气 social morality社会风尚 social graces; social graciousness物质文明 material progress以权谋私 abuse power for personal gains与国际接轨gear… to international conventions政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management 执法监督部门law-enforcing departments and supervisory institutions中国国情 China's actual conditions综合国力 the overall national strength遵纪守法 observe discipline and abide by the law改革开放 reform and open up (to the outside world解放思想、实事求是 emancipating the mind, seeking truth from the facts全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民serve the people heart and soul, work for the public and assumes power for the people依法治国和以德治国 the rule of law and the rule of virtue社会主义物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilizations of socialism人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship民主集中制、党内民主democratic centralism, inner-Party democracydemocratic decision-making 民主决策democratic elections 民主选举democratic management 民主管理Democratic Progressive Party 民进党democratic supervision 民主监督Deng Xiaoping theory 邓小平理论deputy to the National People's Congress 全国人大代表extensive and profound 博大精深extravagance and waste 铺张浪费falsification 弄虚作假family planning 计划生育federations of industry 工商联fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics 主观主义和形而上学的桎梏fight against "Taiwan Independence" 反对“台独”good-neighborly relationship 睦邻友好government functions 政府职能government institutions 政府机构government intervention 政府干预government organs 政府机构(have) a good government and a united people 政通人和historic breakthrough 历史性突破hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory 高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜honesty 诚实守信honesty and high efficiency 廉洁高效Hong Kong And Macao special administrative regions 香港、澳门特别行政区ideological and moral education 思想道德建设intellectuals 知识分子intensify functions 强化功能international organizations 国际性组织international situation 国际形势iron out differences 化解歧见keep pace with the times 与时俱进kingpin 支撑long-term peace and order 长治久安long-term social stability and solidarity 长期社会安定团结Mao Zedong thought 毛泽东思想Marxism Leninism 马克思列宁主义mass organizations 人民团体masters of the country 当家作主material and cultural needs of the people 人民的物质文化需要material and spiritual civilization 物质文明和精神文明media and publicity work 宣传舆论工作moral kingpin 精神支撑morality, intelligence, physique and art 德智体美national rejuvenation through science and education 科教兴国national reunification 祖国统一national spirit 民族精神negotiations on peaceful reunification 和平统一谈判neighborhood committee 居委会NPC member 人大代表our compatriots in Taiwan 台湾同胞patriots from all walks of life 各界爱国人士patriotic democratic personages 爱国民主人士patriotic united front 爱国统一战线peace and development 和平与发展peace, justice and progress 和平，正义，进步proceed from our national conditions 从我国国情出发promote all-round social progress 促进社会全面进步realm of ideology 意识形态领域reform and opening-up 改革开放reform, development and stability 改革发展稳定rule (run) the country by law 依法治国rule (run) the country by virtue 以德治国running the party, state and army 治党治国治军survival and development 生存和发展sustainable development 可持续发展system of regional ethnic autonomy 民族区域自治制度the Chinese people of all ethnic groups 全国各族人民the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 中华民族的伟大复兴the people of all social strata 社会各阶层人们the provincial and municipal (prefectural) governments 省、市（地）两级地方政府two conferences (NPC and CPPCC) 两会（人大，政协）unified, open, competitive and orderly 统一、开放、竞争、有序vigilance against risks 抗风险能力vitality, creativity and cohesion of a nation 民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力citizens' participation in political affairs 公民政治参与civic duty 公民职责civil rights / civil liberties 公民权利、自由civil servants 公务员。

政治学术语大全政治学术语涵盖了广泛的概念，以下是一些常见的政治学术语：1.权力分立(Separation of Powers): 指政府权力被划分为执行、立法和司法三个独立的分支，以防止滥用权力。

2.社会契约(Social Contract): 政治哲学中的概念，指个体通过合意建立政府，以换取社会秩序和保护权利。

3.民主(Democracy): 一种政治制度，通过选举和广泛参与，让公民参与政府决策。

4.专制(Authoritarianism): 一种政治制度，政权高度集中，公民权利和政治自由受到限制。

5.政治意识形态(Political Ideology): 一套关于社会、政府和经济组织的信仰和价值观。

6.政治制度(Political System): 一组相互关联的政治结构和过程，用于制定和执行政策。

7.选举(Election): 公民通过投票选出政府官员的过程。

8.政治参与(Political Participation): 公民参与政治决策和政治活动的行为。

9.政治文化(Political Culture): 一组共同的政治信仰和价值观，影响着公民对政治的态度。

10.国家主权(National Sovereignty): 国家在其领土内拥有独立权威的原则。

11.国际关系(International Relations): 研究国家之间相互关系、国际组织和全球事务的学科领域。

12.冷战(Cold War): 指二战后苏联和西方国家之间的政治、经济和军事对抗时期。

13.议会制度(Parliamentary System): 政府的执行部门由立法机构选出，通常有总理和内阁。

14.总统制度(Presidential System): 政府的执行部门由总统和行政机构领导，与立法机构相互独立。

15.政治经济学(Political Economy): 研究政治和经济之间相互关系的学科领域。

16.政治社会学(Political Sociology): 研究社会结构和政治制度之间关系的学科领域。