- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
当的介词，如上句还可以说：
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：
bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, fix, get, make, order, 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us.
动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动 词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被 动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来 的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与 被句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行 者和承受者的关系并没有改变。
He is regarded as a brilliant. 一般现在时： am / is / are done 他被认为很有才气。 This book was written in done 1969. 一般过去时： was / were 这本书是 1969 年写成的。 现在进行时： am /is isbeing / are being done The broken bike repaired now.
3.当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从 句，可转换为两种形式的被动句
1) 用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的 主语从句；
2) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把 宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。 People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家认为他 是个诚实的孩子。 It is believed that he is an honest boy. The boy is believed to be an honest one.
过去进行时： was / were being done 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。 He told us the cat/ was washed when 现在完成时： have has being been done 过去完成时： had been done we called him. The pen has been used for several years. 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。going 这支钢笔已经用了几年。 to be done He said the factory had been opened . 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must 他说这家工厂已经开张。 / The have to…be done work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。 The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。
这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动 时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear， listen to，let，make，have， see，notice， look at，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四 看见”）。
6. 还有一种短语动词由动词+ 名词+ 介词构成，变被 动语态有两种形式，如下： 1) We take good care of the books. The books are taken good care of. Good care is taken of the book. 2) You must pay attention to your pronunciation. Attention must be paid to your pronunciation. Your pronunciation must be paid attention to. 用于这类结构的短语动词常见的有：catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on 等。
4. 含有介词动词的主动句的转换。 人家从不听 They have never listened to him. 他的话。 He has never been listened to.
5、My parents made me water all these young trees．（变被动） I was made to water all these young trees by my parents．（加上了to）
（三）有些情况下动词的主动形
式也可以表示被动意义。
1. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等 副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表 示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如： The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
(一)主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 → I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. → A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be + 过去分词，时态要与原 句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动 词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语 态中用in + 地点名词作状语。
3. 用在作表语或宾语补足语的形容词后面的 不定式，如果与句子的主语或宾语有动宾关系 时，一般用主动形式。例如：
His speech in English was difficult to follow. (状语to follow与主语有动宾关系) Do you think him easy to get along with? (不定式与宾语有动宾关系)
—Do you like the material? —Yes, it ________ very soft. C A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
3、动名词主动形式表示被动意义 1）. 在need, require, want(需要)等动词 后，表示某物(人)要进行……处理时，后接 动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意 义，相当于不定式的被动式。例如： —You've come just in time to help us. —Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?)
The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句)
2、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。 例如： Your idea sounds reasonable. What he said proved to be correct.
语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形 式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之 间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者 时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果 主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态 （Passive Voice）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。
在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。一般 来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重 要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强 调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则 必须使用 by 词组。例如： Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。
C This sentence needs ________ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved
2. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 His suggestion is not worth considering.
4、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻 辑上的主谓关系时。例如： The next train to arrive was from New York.
2. 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词 有逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子的主语或间 接宾语与该不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。 (间接宾语me是to eat的逻辑主语) Please give me something to eat. I have a lot of work to do today. (主语I是to do的逻辑主语) 区别： I have some clothes to wash I have some clothes to be washed
