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冠词一、固定词组1. 有些固定词组中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词：by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight3. 有些词组中加a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk,二、专有名词前1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America，但是the United Sates 要加the2. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the Great Wall,3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains 三．一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next前不加任何冠词1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in spring/ summer /autumn /winter3.on Monday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,De cember四、宇宙中独一无二的事物，序数词，形容词最高级，only所修饰的名词前用the1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth3. the biggest, the most popular4. the only key五、形容词加the, 表示这一类人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an unclean X-ray photograph, an MBA course,There is __an __”f” in the word “first”. ( f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r, )介词分类记忆：一、时间介词具体哪一天on, 几点钟前用at, 年、月份前用in, 早上、下午、晚上用in, 但是具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on。
上海重点初中英语语言点及语法总结归纳一、基本句型和基本语法：1.基本句型：-英语句子结构：主语+谓语+宾语-句子类型：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句2.基本语法：-一般现在时：用于表示客观事实和真理-一般过去时：用于表示过去发生的动作或状态-现在进行时：用于表示现在正在进行的动作-一般将来时：用于表示将来的动作或状态二、词性和词组：1.名词：表示人、动物、事物或抽象概念的名称2.形容词：修饰名词，表示事物的特征或性质3.副词：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示程度、方式或时间等4.动词：表示动作或状态，分为不及物动词和及物动词5.代词：代替名词使用，分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词和不定代词等6.介词短语：表示时间、地点、原因、目的、方式等关系7. 固定短语：常用的固定搭配，如"look forward to"、"take place"等三、语法：1.一般现在时的用法：- 表示客观事实和真理，如"The sun rises in the east."- 表示经常、频率或习惯性的动作，如"I usually go to bed at 10 o'clock."- 表示通用真理，如"Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius."- 表示感觉、态度或观点，如"I like reading books."2.一般过去时的用法：- 表示过去具体的动作或状态，如"I played football yesterday."- 表示过去的习惯动作，如"Every day, he went to school by bus."- 表示过去的经常性动作，如"We often visited our grandparents on weekends."3.现在进行时的用法：- 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，如"She is watching TV now."- 表示将来的安排或计划，如"I am meeting my friends this afternoon."- 表示不断重复的动作，如"He is always talking in class."4.一般将来时的用法：- 表示将来即将发生或计划中的动作，如"We will go shopping tomorrow."-表示将来的打算或意愿- 表示将来的预测或推测，如"It will rain tomorrow."5. 过去进行时的用法：表示过去一些时间正在进行的动作或事情，如"She was reading a book yesterday evening."总结：以上是对上海(牛津版)初中英语教材的重点语言点和语法进行的总结归纳。
上海中考英语各语法点考点归纳Article:There are certain rules when it comes to using articles in English。
Let's take a look at them.Firstly。
there are some fixed phrases that always use "the"。
such as "in the middle of"。
"go to the ___"。
"play ___/guitar"。
"in the end"。
and "the same"。
On the other hand。
there are some phrases that don't require any article。
such as "by bus"。
"play football"。
"play chess"。
"go to school"。
"go to bed"。
"at first"。
and "lose weight"。
Finally。
there are some phrases that requirethe use of "a"。
such as "catch a bus"。
"in a hurry"。
and "take a walk".Secondly。
when it ___。
we don't usually use "the" beforethe name of a country or a city。
L11Part 1 Intensive ReadingPhotographing Every Single Thing“If I had known how much work it would take, I might never have started," says Belgian photographer Barbara Iweins. One day in 2015.she decided to photograph all of her belongings and acted right away.Four years and 12.795 photos later, her task was complete. The decision came after Iweins had to move house for the eleventh time. She photographed room by room and drawer by drawer.Nothing was too dull to be included. Toilet rolls, coat hangers, keys,socks, toys and plates all made the cut.lweins admits that she and her three children are“extremely messy." In the process of photographing every single thing, the woman discovered many clothes that she had bought and then forgotten. “We're hiding our purchases," she said. “I was rediscovering skirts and thinking,“I've never worn this. It’s really nice and now I'm going to use it, ’As Iweins’ picture collection grew, she decided to sort them by color, material and frequency (频度) of use. Of all her bathroom objects, for example, she found that 43 percent are plastic. Only1 percent of her clothes are purple -- it 's a color that she hates. And she has never used or moved 56 percent of the objects.Most importantly, Iweins says, she realized that only 1 percent of the objects are irreplaceable. She can actually get rid of all of the rest.After she completed her project, her shopping habits cooled.“The thing that has changed the most is the clothes,” she says. “I think I’ve only recently bought my first clothes in four years.Her most“precious”belonging is a dahlia (大丽花). The flower is kept in a jar of formalin (甲醛溶液). Iweins had seen it in a shop in Amsterdam (阿姆斯特丹). Later, her cousin bought it for her.“These objects - the 1 percent that are irreplaceable to me and my children make me feel safe," says the photographer.“No matter how everything else changes, I can always rely on them.”Part2 Choose1. There ______ a big tree near the classroom.A. areB. isC. haveD. has2. — ______ shall we meet?— Tomorrow afternoon.A. WhatB. WhereC. HowD. When3. I am ______ duty this week.A. inB. atC. onD. for4. — ______ did you buy the new bag?— Last Monday.A. WhereB. HowC. WhenD. Who5. ______ at seven this morning?A. What you didB. What did you doC. What you doD. What do you do6. I like fish, ______ my brother doesn't like it.A. SoB. orC. forD. but7. — Can you mend a video player?— No, I ______.A. mustn'tB. can'tC. may notD. needn't8. Mike speaks Chinese, ______ not much.A. soB. andC. orD. but9. They usually ______ TV in the evening.A. watchB. will watchC. are watchingD. watches10. Li Ying ______ on the ground for five hours before they finally found him.A. was lyingB. had lainC. had liedD. has lain11. It's ten o'clock in the evening. Let's ______.A. go to schoolB. get upC. have lunchD. go to bed12. Look! Li Ping and Li Lei ______ volleyball now.A. playB. playedC. are playingD. will play13. The box is light. Wang Ping can ______ it by herself.A. findB. watchC. carryD. learn14. — What are the girls doing?— They're ______ the music.A. listening toB. talking withC. coming fromD. looking for15. He is English, and ______.A. so does KateB. so Kate doesC. so is KateD. so Kate is16. There are many pictures ______ the wall.A. fromB. toC. aboutD. on17. There are about ____________ workers in that factory.A. five hundredsB. five hundredC. five hundred ofD. of five hundred18. My clock doesn't ______. Can you mend it for me?A. useB. moveC. walkD. work19. This street is much ______ than that one.A. straightB. straighterC. straightestD. more straighter20. Your room looks dirty. Will you please ______ it clean?A. takeB. makeC. letD. tidy21. — ______ children are there in your family?— Three.A. How muchB. How oftenC. How manyD. How old22. The book ______ me ￡20.A. paidB. spentC. tookD. cost23. Li Ping runs as ______ as Wu Dong.A. fasterB. fastC. fastestD. the fastest24. — ______ are you?— Twelve.A. How manyB. How muchC. How oldD. How far25. Li Lei always comes to school early and cleans the ______ for his classmates.A. houseB. windowC. wallD. classroom26. If it ______ tomorrow, I'll go by car.A. rainB. will rainC. rainsD. would rain27. Uncle Wang ______ in that factory since it opened in 1989.A. worksB. workedC. has workedD. will work28. Her mother told her ______ in bed.A. not readB. not to readC. don't readD. to not read29. The room is ______ dirty ______ we don't want to stay here.A. so; thatB. such; thatC. either; orD. as; as30. The medicine ______ cool, clean and dry.A. must keepB. must be keptC. must be carriedD. must be in31. I'm sorry I can't hear ______.A. what saying he isB. what he is sayingC. what saying is heD. what is he saying32. When the teacher came into the classroom, we stopped ______ cheerfully.A. LaughingB. laughedC. to laughD. laugh33. Monday is the ______ day of the week.A. secondB. twoC. threeD. third34. Would you know ______?A. who he isB. who is heC. whom is heD. whom he is35. — Oh, I've left my schoolbag in the classroom.— Don't worry, I'll ______ it for you.A. getB. carryC. bringD. take36. Have you received a letter from Jim ______?A. yetB. justC. neverD. ever37. — ______?— Quite well, thank you.A. What do you doB. What do you think of itC. How are you getting on with your EnglishD. Are you good at English38. There ______ sheep in the field.A. are muchB. is smallC. is a fewD. is a little39. — My parents have been to the United States.— Really? When ______ there?A. will they goB. did they goC. had they goneD. have they gone40. Miss Li is one of ______ in our school.A. a popular teacherB. more popular teacherC. most popular teacherD. the most popular teachers41. — Would you like to come to dinner tonight?— I'd like to, ______ I'm too busy.A. andB. ifC. soD. but42. — Will Mr. Smith be here soon?— I can't tell. Let's go and ______ when the train arrives.A. lookB. look forC. findD. find out43. ______ your help, we finished the work on time.A. ThanksB. Thanks ofC. Thank forD. Thanks to44. — May I ______ your motor?— Sorry. I ______ it to Mr. Smith the day before yesterday.e; lentB. borrow; repairedC. keep; borrowedD. lend; returned45. Johnson ______ football and knows a lot about it.A. is interested onB. is interested inC. is interesting aboutD. is interesting with46. — Where is Mr. Li Wei?— He's left a ______ saying that he has something important to do.A. excuseB. sentenceC. newsD. message47. ______ books must be produced for the children.A. Many thousandsB. Many thousands ofC. Many thousand ofD. Many thousand48. — Is it 21:00?— ______.A. Yes, it's nine in the eveningB. Yes, it's nine clocksC. Yes, it's nine in the afternoonD. Yes, it's nine hours49. I don't like this sweater. Please ______ me another.A. showB. tryC. putD. look50. Two ______ died of cold last winter in North Europe.A. hundreds old peopleB. hundred old peopleC. hundred old peoplesD. hundreds old peoplesPart3 ReadingAIn the United States, some people mark ballots( 选票 ) that bear the printed names of candidates. Others pull levers in voting machines. Americans are proud of their long history of holding free elections, but they did not i______1______ the process.Free elections were held in Athens, Greece, 2400 years ago. Some Europeans took part in local free elections d______2______ the Middle Ages. The secret ballot was first u______3_____ in 1858 in Australia.Today, voting is a new experience for many of the world’s peoples. Since World II, many w______4______ never had a voice in their government now take part in free elections.When India held its first national elections in 1951 and 1952, the process was so complicated that it took four months. F____5_____ people could read, so the ballots bore pictures that stood for the different parties. People who wanted to vote for Gandhi’s Congress party, for example, put an X under the picture of yoked oxen. In our hemisphere , there are also voters who cannot read. The Dominican Republic held its first free national election in 1962 with rainbow- coloured ballots. The different colors i_____6_______ the parties for people who could not read the candidates’ names.Today, computers are changing the way people vote. In 1974, Mexico set upa computerized voting system. In the future, people all over the world may beable to vote by touching computer screens. These screens could show candidates’ names, pictures, or party s_____7_______.Any change that encourages people to vote helps government work. Orgeon lets people vote by mail. Texas has voting in convenient spots such as malls. As long as people want to have a voice in the government , they will try new ways of voting.BA Mahogany Piano (II)But the payments came in, all 52 of them as agreed.-- sometimes with coins taped(Hl# 4ѣl)to a 3x5 inch card in the envelope. It was unbelievable!So, I put the incident out of my mind for 20 years.Then one day I was in Memphis on business, and after dinner at the Holiday Inn, I went into the lounge. As I was sitting at the(1)b having an after dinner drink, I heard the most beautiful piano music behind me. I looked around, and there was a lovely youn g woman playing a very nice piano.Being a pianist of some ability myself, I was completely surprised by her great(2)s and I picked up my drink and moved to a table beside her where I could listen and watch. She smiled at me, asked for requests, and when she took a break she sat down at my table."Aren't you the man who sold my grandma a piano a long time ago?"It didn't ring a bell, so I asked her to (3) e . She started to tell me, and I suddenly remembered. My Lord, it was her! It was the little barefoot girl in the feed sack dress!She told me her name was Elise and since her grandmother couldn't(4) a to pay for less, she had learned to play by listening to the radio. She said she had started to play in church where she and her grandmother had to walk over two miles, and that she had then played in school, had won many (5) a . She had married a lawyer in Memphis and he had bought her that beautiful piano.Something else entered my mind. “Look, Elise” I asked, “May I ask you what kind of (6) w __ is your first piano made of, the one your grandmother bought?It’s red mahogany” she said, “why?”My throat tightened. After quite a few minutes, I said, “I’m (7)p of you, but I have to go to my room, because men don’t like to be seen crying in public.。
上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳WEIHUA system office room 【WEIHUA 16H-WEIHUA WEIHUA8Q8-冠词一、固定词组1. 有些固定词组中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词： by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight3. 有些词组中加a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk,二、专有名词前1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America，但是 the United Sates 要加 the2. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the Great Wall,3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains 三．一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next前不加任何冠词1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in spring/ summer /autumn /winterMonday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December四、宇宙中独一无二的事物，序数词，形容词最高级，only所修饰的名词前用the1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth3. the biggest, the most popular4. the only key五、形容词加the, 表示这一类人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an uncle an X-ray photograph, an MBA course,There is __an __”f” in the word “first”. ( f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r, ) 分类记忆：一、时间介词具体哪一天on一天的早上、下词On Christmas二、地点介词三、短语中固定care for, based the key to the d 四、方式介词by bus, by train write with a pen 五、表示形容词of/ among + 代John was the fir一、人称代词1.顺序：单数：John sits amongA. Mary…you2.主格宾格：主The journalist iI show_______3. 名词性物主代The cinema in o them,. their, the Mum, have youa friend of mine/ his/ my father’sI ______ we______ you_______ he_______ her________ they_______4、反身代词enjoy oneself , help oneself to sth, learn…by oneself= teach oneselfI made it myself.I ______ we______ you_______ he_______ her________ they_______ it________不定代词other, others, another, the othersSome…._______ One…_________another + 可数名词的单数固定词组一个接着一个 _________________Will you please show me _________ one?Have _______ try, and you’ll succeed.2.形容词修饰不定代词、形容词后置something necessary, neither______, both______, all_______, none________The report says __________ of the two countries in Asia supports the war.After you get off the bus, you can take ________ of the two Metro Lines to Zhongshan Park.either side both sides, a few, little, a littleIt’s unusual for him to be so active because he is often a boy of _______ words.A. fewB. littleC. manyD. much数词1、two hundred/ thousand, hundreds/thousands of , 前面如果有more than, less than , over, about 等词时，用确切的数据 about/ more than two hundred people2、数字的读法，百位和十位之间用and 3653、序数词的拼写One_______ , two__________, three_________ Four________, five________,eight_________, twelve________, nine_______, twenty_________, twenty-one_____________5.分数1/2____________ 2/3__________, 3/ 4_________, 3/5_________ 6、百分比 37、日期表达two hours and a a ten-year-old He is over fifty It’s ten minutes1. 变复数potato______ to 他加es)boy______ toy beach________ life, thief ,leaf, 2. 可数名词与不many children a few books some boysa couple of day 修饰可数名词的修饰不可数名词既修饰可数名词3. 名词所有格my father’s frie1、形容词的用1）系动词后做2）在名词前作定语 It’s a funny comedy3）修饰不定代词在不定代词之后 There is something wrong with my watch.4）在宾语之后作宾语补足语 The good news made Bob’s mother excited.You’d better keep the window open.2、副词的用法：1）修饰行为动词 He drives carefully.2）修饰形容词 The food is quite delicious.3）修饰整个句子 Luckily, he still got the first prize3、much, far, a little, a bit, a lot, even等词修饰形容词比较级The Bund looks much _________ at night. (pretty)He looks a little __________(happy)4. 既是形容词又是副词的：early ,fast, hard, high , late5、as…as not as/ so…as句型中间用形容词或者副词的原级，所以可以先排除比较级和最高级，选副词还是形容词，看是否修饰行为动词The driver drove as ___________ as usual.A. most carefullyB. more carefulC. carefulD. carefully6、一些特殊句型The 比较级主语+谓语， the 比较级主语+谓语，The earlier…, the better…the fastest in our class， one of the longest rivers， the second longest river， better and better疑问词How far (ten minutes’ walk)How soon (in ten minutes)How fast (a mile in ten minutes)How long (for ten minutes)How often (twice a day)How many (two) How much (tw 1. He went to th ______ ____ 2. We have a cl ______ ____ 3. This sign me ______ ____ 4. London held ______ did L 5. The students ______ ____连系动词:动词 2.感官动3.表示变化的:持的：keep, sta情态动词:May I watch TV Must I do the w may be 可能You needn’t he1. We ___A) may B2. A: ______ I B: No, you nA) May B3. My motA) must B 使役动词：ma 动词的时态和语一般现在时主1、表示现在经usually ,so2、表示客观事实或普遍真理；The sun rises in the east.3、由when, before, after, if, unless, as soon as 引导的从句，主句用将来时从句用一般现在时I will tell him as soon as he comes back.一般过去时主语+did1、常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in the past2、过去习惯性动作 used to do一般将来时 will/ shall do1、shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时；2、am (is , are) going to + 动词原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情；there is going to be3、表示“去向”的动词，可以用进行时表示将来时 come, go, arrive, leave, leave forI’m leaving for Beijing the day after tomorrow.现在进行时 am/ is/ are + doing常用时间状语now, at present , for the time being, look, listen, be carefulLook, Jane’s grandma ________ with some aged people.A. dancesB. dancedC. is dancingD. was dancing过去进行时 was/ were + doing常用时间状语 at that moment, this time yesterday, at six yesterday morning, from two to three yesterday afternoon.也常用于when 和while引导的时间状语从句When I was having dinner with my family last night, the telephone rang.现在完成时 have/ has + done1.常用的时间状语和副词: never, ever, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now, in the past 10 years.2. already & yeI have already rI _____ read th3. since&forI have learned EI have learned E4. 延续性动词和Ｉ______ this b A. have bought 现在完成时 h 1.表示过去的过school2. 用于主句为一He told me that 被动语态：1.构成：be+及2. 时态的变化主一般现在时 am 现在完成时 h 情态动词sh3. 先划出句子的Jane wrote seve Several articles ————2. wr articles , 因此是非谓语动词1—1. 主语 To be a teacher is my dream2. 宾语 I want to buy a new bike3. 表语 My father’ s job is to make sick people better.4. 定语 We have got a new project to do5. 宾语补足语 Our headmaster asked us to work hard6. 动词不定式作形式主语 It is difficult to learn English well7. 动词不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：ask, want, tell, agree, advise, decide, plan, promise, refuse, hope, fail8. 宾语从句改成简单句I don’t know what I can do nextI don’t know _____ ______ do next.9. 有些动词后作宾补省略to一感feel，二听listen to, hear，三让make, let, have，四看see, watch, notice, observe 非谓语动词2——动名词1. 主语 Smoking isn’t allowed in public places2. 宾语 Tom enjoys traveling around the world.3. 表语 My hobby is collecting stamps4. 动名词作宾语的动词 enjoy, finish, keep, mind, spend, go, practise.反意疑问句1、划出句子中的谓语部分You could hardly believe the news,____ _____?情态动词有： can, could, may, must, should, need, shall, will, would, ought to2、有些动词的过去式与原形同形cost，set, cut, put, set, fit, read, spreadThe bad news spread fast, ____ _____?3、有些词表示否定的意思little, never, sel4、判断现在完He has a little o Jack has never5、反意部分只么。
中考语法整理be busy doing sth.例题：Look! This new couple are busy _________ their new flat.A. decoratingB. to decorateC. decoratesD. decorate2．tell sb to do sth.例题：He told Laura to take care of ___________. Don’t be too busy.A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself例题：Father often tells Tom ___________ too much time playing video games.A) don't spend B) to not spend C) not to spend D)doesn't spend3．keep/make sth. + adj.例题The head teacher asked all the students to help keep the school _______..A. cleanly B. clean C. clear D. clearly例题Let's do something together to keep our Earth ___________. (save)4. find it + adj. to do sth.例题The old man at th6 bus stop found it difficult for him to ___________ the crowded bus.A) get up B) get on C) get off D) get along5. It is + adj. for sb. to do sth.It is important for us to ___________ our friendship. (strong)It's ___________ for a boy of four to work out such a difficult problem. (possible)6.so … that…The girl was so ___________ that she hid herself behind the door. (frighten)7.some…..some 句型一些。
定语从句定语从句基本概念•什么是定语？•This is an ugly dog•I saw a man on the bus•I know the boy who is drinking tea •This is the man wants to see you.• A clock is a machine tells people the time.•The book is on the table is mine.•The man was passing by saw what happened.•The man I met yesterday lent me some money.•Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday.•The man you went to see has come.•These books you lent me were very useful.•:•The people who we met at the party were very friendly.•The people who work in the office are very friendly.•What have you done with the money that I gave you.•What happened to the money that was on the table?•It was the worst film that I’ve ever seen.•It was the worst thing that has ever happened to me.•Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog .• A. which• B. what• C. where• D. when•Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.• A. that• B. which• C. as• D. what1。
冠词一、固定词组1. 有些固定词组中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词：by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight3. 有些词组中加a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk,二、专有名词前1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America，但是the United Sates 要加the2. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the Great Wall,3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains 三．一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next前不加任何冠词1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in spring/ summer /autumn /winter3.on Monday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,De cember四、宇宙中独一无二的事物，序数词，形容词最高级，only所修饰的名词前用the1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth3. the biggest, the most popular4. the only key五、形容词加the, 表示这一类人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an unclean X-ray photograph, an MBA course,There is __an __”f” in the word “first”. ( f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r, )介词分类记忆：一、时间介词具体哪一天on, 几点钟前用at, 年、月份前用in, 早上、下午、晚上用in, 但是具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on。
L1Part1 Intensive ReadingCan ChatGPT Help Deliver Bad News?As an oncologist(肿瘤科医生),I've delivered bad news countless times. It's always hard to find the right words.One memory stays with me to this day. I was one of the trainees at a munication skills program. Professional actors came to us at various stages of their “illness." In small groups, we learned how to deliver bad news to them.On the final day, there was an exam. My “patient” was a middleaged man with terminal cancer(晚期癌).He had tried many different treatments, but nothing had worked. “I got this," I thought. Break the news gently but honestly to avoid confusion. Pause and look at him. “I can see that this must be difficult for you," I began. “I, too,wish things were different."Above all, don ’t be clever. Just be honest and kind. The man started crying. My pulse (脉) quickened.“I'm sorry.“ But I have so much to live for ...”We could try other treatments elsewhere. Stop, I can't say that.Silence. plete silence.“And the holiday with my grand kids ...”Take this opportunity. Give him hope. Ask what he might do on the holiday.The learning was there, but I was stuck for words. Thank God, l thought, the man wasn’t really sick.The feedback (反馈意见) was terrible. From the moment he met me, my “patient”felt bad because of my uneasiness (优虑不安).“How easy it is to destroy the human spirit (精神)!" I thought. Good munication is key to patient satisfaction. However, it’s surprising how little time is spent teaching doctors how to do it well.Training programs are rare.But now we have ChatGPT. Will it help? To find out, I did a little experiment. “I'm an oncologist. Help me deliver bad news,” I typed in. “ What can I get wrong with my munication? I need tips on how to support my patients who are receiving bad news.” The answers were detailed and helpful. But my favorite line was, “Before we go on, I want to make sure you're fortable having this conversation now. Make sure to stop me. We can take this at your pace(节奏).”I was embarrassed. I couldn’t remember the last time I had said those words.Sure, ChatGPT won 't offer a gentle touch or sense the tears. And some might warn against relying on it for human jobs. But until there are professional programs for all young doctors to learn how to deliver bad news, I’ll tell them to use ChatGPT' in times of need.Part2 Choose1. Tom is not at school. Do you know what happened ______?A.with himB. to himC. to heD. for he2. My mother is ______. I have to look after her.A. in the hospitalB. at a hospitalC. in hospitalD. in a hospital3. Did you hear someone ______ at the door?A. knocksB. to knockC. knockedD. knocking4. The teacher told the children, “It is very important ______ careful ______ fire.”A. to be; withB. is; withC. being; withD. to be; to5. She saw ______ boy playing with his dog.A. a eightyearoldB. an eightyearsoldC. an eightyearoldD. a eightyearsold6. The story sounds ______.A. InterestinglyB. interestingC. interestedD. danger7. John told me to ______ the pictures ______ tomorrow.A. take; hereB. bring; thereC. taking; thereD. bring; here8. There ______ a lot of ______ in the kitchen and it was very ______.A. was; smoke; hotB. were; smokes; hotC. was; smoke; hotterD. were; smoke; hotter9. Do you ______ drive on the left in English?A. have toB. mustC. shouldD. may10. It's very hot today. Please keep the windows ______.A. openingB. openC. opensD. to open11. — May I play with my dog?— I'm afraid not. You can't play with it ______ you finish your homework.A. whenB. untilC. afterD. because12. I'm afraid I won't ______ finish reading the book in two days.A. canB. couldC. be able toD. may13. They have ______.A. enough food to eatB. food enough eatC. enough food eatingD. food enough eating14. — Must I clean the cage today?— No, you ______.A. mustn'tB. can'tC. needn'tD. may not15. — May I take my pet to school?— No, you ______.A. may notB. might notC. needn'tD. can't16. She ______ so much ______ her mother.A. looks; likeB. looks; forC. looks; afterD. looks forward; to17. Mr. White likes to live in a ______ place.A. quiteB. quietC. quickD. quietly18. Kate has a cat ______ Mimi.A. calledB. callC. to callD. calling19. The teacher told the children to keep the classroom ______.A. to cleanB. cleansC. cleanD. cleaned20. He doesn't smoke and hates women ______.A. smokesB. smokeC. smokedD. smoking21. — How often do you clean the fish tank?— ______.A.This afternoonB. Only onceC. Once a monthD. For two days22. Tom's gold fish died because he gave them ______ food.A. too muchB. much tooC. a fewD. too many23. I need ______ candles. Please pass them to me.A. two moreB. one moreC. more twoD. more one24. I ______, because I don't want to be late for school.A. am used to getting up earlyB. used to getting up earlyC. am used to get up earlyD. used to get up early25. All the students in my class did their homework except ______.A. Jane and IB. Jane and mineC. I and JaneD. Jane and me26. Will you please give the boy ______ to eat?A. favorite somethingB. different anythingC. popular everythingD. something delicious27. Mr. Wang told his son ______ football on the road.A. not playB. to not playC. not to playD. doesn't play28. Both ______ watches were broken.A. Jim and Tom'sB. Jim's and Tom'sC. Jim's and TomD. Jim and Tom29. — Don't forget to bring your son here next time, please.— ______.A. No, I don'tB. No, I won'tC. No, I canD. Yes, I do30. I saw the boy ______ the classroom.A. enter intoB. enterC. to enter intoD. to enter31. Miss Li is ______ our teacher ______ our friend.A. neither; norB. either; orC. not only; but alsoD. either; nor32. He began learning English ______ the age of five.A. ForB. onC. inD. at33. His job is ______ cars.A. to repairB. repairedC. repairsD. repair34. We should protect our eyes ______ sunglasses.A. in wearB. by wearingC. with wearingD. to wear35. He visited Uncle Li ______ a cold morning.A. onB. inC. atD. for36. They often ______ school activities after school.A. joinB. doC. take part inD. play with37. I have seen the movie ______ times.A. the number ofB. a number ofC.muchD. a number38. The boy is made ______ the room every day.A. cleanB. cleaningC. to cleanD. cleans39. You can find some ______ on the Internet.A. informationsB. informationC. pictureD. story40. The ______ girl is looked well by her grandmother.A. fiveyearsoldB. five year oldC. fiveyears oldD. fiveyearold41. Great changes ______ in the last ten years.A. have taken placeB. have been taken placeC. took placeD. were taken place42. ______ does your brother ______?A. How; look likeB. What; look likeC. What; lookD. How; looks43. You must have left your glasses ______.A. somewhere elseB. anywhere elseC. somewhere otherD. some other where44. I will talk with you about it ______ time.A. the otherB. othersC. anotherD. the others45. When I was walking in the street, I saw him ______ his brother.A. to quarrel withB. quarrels withC. quarrel withD. quarrelling with46. All the students like the teachers who ______ their lessons interesting.A. makesB. makeC. makingD. to make47. We'd better go and tell her the ______ news. I'm sure she will be very ______ it.A. surprised; surprising inB. interested; interesting inC. interesting; interested atD. surprising; surprised at48. We can watch the TV programmes from other countries ______ the satellites.A. becauseB. because ofC. ifD. that49. The teacher told us not ______ our dictionaries to school the next day.A. to bringB. to takeC. bringD. take50. I will go to visit my uncle ______ next week.A. sometimesB. some timesC. some timeD. sometimePart 3 ReadingAElectricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. It is a secondary energy source which means that we get it from the conversion (转化) of other sources of energy, l 1 coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary sources. The energy sources we use to make electricity can be renewable (可再生的) or nonrenewable, but electricity itself is neither renewable nor nonrenewable.Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of e 2 . Many cities and towns were built along waterfalls that turned water wheels to work. Thomas Edison helped c 3 everyone's life he perfected his invention the electric light bulb.A 4 electricity is very important in our daily life, most of us hardly stop to think what life would be like w 5 electricity. Yet like air and water, we tend to take electricity for granted. Everyday, we use electricity to do many j 6 for us from lighting and heating / cooling our homes, to powering our televisions and puters. Electricity is a useful and convenient form of energy used in the applications of light, heat and p 7 .BPeople think that a good conversationalist should be an attentive listener. Ask questions that other people will enjoy answering. Encourage them to talk about themselves and what they have done. Diogenes, the Greek philosopher also said,“The reason why we have two ears and only one mouth is that we may listen m 1 and talk less!”Try listening! Here are some e 2 about listening: (A neighbor of mine talking about her child) One evening last week I was sitting with Hannah, and she said to me,“You are a smart Mum!” And I said,“Why do you say that suddenly?”And she said,“Although you are always busy,you always stop what you are doing to lis ten to me.”“You have to force your buyer to talk, to enter the c 3 , if you expect to talk your way to successful sale, the only way you can do this is to stop talking yourself and listen.”(From How to Talk your Way to Success in Selling) Airline employees are taught how to listen to plaints. If they are able to show sympathy and to listen long enough, the passengers’ problems will begin to seem less important.Psychologists (心理学家) and d 4 also know that listening is part of their job. If they listen with care and concern the patient, they may even solve the problem! Here are some advice they give：◆ S 5 the other person that you are listening.◆ Look at them.◆ Smile and nod quite often.◆ S 6 your head or raise your eyebrows if you don't follow what they are saying.◆ Don't tap your foot because this will show impatience.◆ Don't look at your watch u 7 you really have to know the time.。
上海中考英语必考语法点梳理XXX:一.宾语从句1.宾语从句的含义宾语从句是整个句子中做宾语的从句。
例如：“XXX.” 这里，“XXX”是由连接词that引导的从句，同时也是knew的宾语。
2.宾语从句的分类1）动词宾语从句：位于动词后面的宾语从句。
例如：“He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.”2）介词宾语从句：位于介词后面的宾语从句。
例如：“I agree with what you said just now.”3）形容词宾语从句：位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
例如：“I am afraid that I will be late.”3.引导名词性从句的连接词1）that：在宾语从句中不做成分，没有实际含义。
2）whether/if：表示是否，在宾语从句中不做成分。
例如：“I don't know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.”3）连接代词：what。
which。
who。
whom。
whose（在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语）；连接副词：where。
when。
how。
why（在宾语从句中做状语）。
例如：“The small children don't know what is in their stockings.”4.在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点1）时态：当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
例如：“I don't know when he will come back.”他告诉我他的姐姐昨天回来了。
当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句必须使用一种过去的时态。
她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
他说他能在晚饭前完成他的工作。
任何时候表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时，都使用一般现在时。
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
定语从句是修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
