On Translation of Names of Places in English and C

ON TRANSLA TION OF BRAND NAMES浅谈品牌翻译A thesis paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirementsFor the degree ofBachelor of Arts in EnglishABSTRACTThe 21st century is the age of economic globalization. The export and import of domestic and overseas products become much more frequent. Therefore the translation of brand names shows its great importance in helping the transnational companies to open new markets on foreign lands. A successful version will, to a large extent, improve the brand image among customers. Though many companies have realized the significance of brand name translation, some problems still exist today like abusing pinyin, over-complexity and neglecting cultural association. To avoid these mistakes, translators are required to get familiar with the basic theories in translating brand names. Generally speaking, there hasn’t been systematic study on translation of brand names. But some scholars like Nida and Newmark have ever established their theories in this area. On the basis of their theories, some main translating methods are introduced in this article. They are transliteration, literal translation, free translation, combining transliteration and free translation, and transference. All of them have their own advantages and disadvantages, so translators should make cautious use of them when translating brand names. To reflect the best effect of advertising, the translation should stick to principles of concision, equivalence and association. At last, the conclusion is reached that the standard of how good the translation is lies in how successfully the version achieves the advertising function. So with the purpose of attracting customers, translators should produce the most suitable versions by studying customers’ psychology and aesthetic appreciation.Key Words: Globalization, functionalism, problems, practical translation, equivalence摘要二十一世纪是全球经济一体化的时代，国内外商品的进出口日益频繁。

Sino-US English Teaching, ISSN 1539-8072June 2012, Vol. 9, No. 6, 1246-1252On the Translation of Public Signs From theFunctional Perspective *ZHU Ji-fengNingbo Dahongying University, Ningbo, ChinaWith the rapid development of Chinese economy, more and more foreigners have been attracted to China to invest,work, study, and travel. To help the foreigners better understand China and facilitate cross-cultural communication,bilingual or even trilingual public signs spring up in every part of China. As is known that public signs, usually in theform of a few words, pictures, or words accompanied with a picture, function not only as a “face” of a city and a nation,but also as a first calling card given to the foreigners. Moreover, public signs have definite functions—informing,warning, or directing. However, to our disappointment, mistranslations of the public signs are often presented in someplaces. As a special text whose function is strong and communicative purpose is quite clear, the translation of publicsigns should be based on the text’s functions and the translator’s purpose. This paper classifies public signs, comparesChinese signs with English ones, and comes up with the principle for its Chinese-English translation, namely, anA-B-C approach (Adapt-Borrow-Create approach) which is based on the Skopostheorie.Keywords: public signs, translation, principle, functionalism IntroductionIn recent years, frequent communication has been intensified both in business and culture between China and the West. More and more foreigners come to China. They want to know more about Chinese culture, customs, economy, and so on. Therefore, the Chinese-English translation becomes a significant way of communicating with foreigners. Besides, to build an international metropolis, we need good international language environment. Since the reform and opening, the international language environment has been improved greatly in such large cities as Beijing. There is no doubt that good language environment is the key point to hold the 2008 Olympic games in Beijing successfully to some extent. Public signs in English mean a lot to alien tourists. Translators should carry an in-depth study of functional features and language style of public signs in order to reproduce the profiles in light of functionalism. However, at present, many translators or translation researchers mainly focus on how to reproduce the public signs in a faithful way, hence fail to take the functions of the placards into consideration while offering their own way of sign translation. Furthermore, most of the examples cited by the researchers are restricted to a certain region.*This paper is one of the research results from the program “On the Problems in the Translation of Chinese Public Signs in Tourist Attractions” (No. CF112415).ZHU Ji-feng, lecturer at School of Foreign Languages, Ningbo Dahongying University.Rights Reserved.TRANSLATION OF PUBLIC SIGNS FROM THE FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE1247Definition and Classification of Public SignsPublic signs are generally referred as “signs” in English, and have been defined in various ways. It is defined in Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary (1977) as “a posted command, warning, or direction”. According to Macquarie Dictionary (Butler, 1987), a sign is “an inscribed board, space, etc., serving for information, advertisement, warning, etc., on a building, along a street, or the like”. The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1997) defines a sign as “a piece of paper, metal, etc. in a public place, with words or drawings on it that give people information, warn them not to do something, etc.”. Or according to OxfordAdvanced Learners’ Dictionary (2010), it is defined as “a piece of paper, wood or metal that has writing or a picture on it that gives you information, instructions, a warning, etc.”. According to these definitions, signs cancontain words, pictures, or drawings used for giving information, warning, etc.. With regard to our Chinese, “signs” are often referred as “public signs”, for such signs generally appear in public places.Sign is a broad term, widely used in public facilities, ranging from traveling, catering, accommodation, recreation, shopping to medical service, educational institution, and financial service. It includes words of caution, public notices, bills, posters, slogans, outdoor advertisements, traffic notices, and so on. Specifically speaking, it covers street signs, road signs, road markers, parking signs, school signs, construction signs, non-smoking signs, signs at scenic spots, slogans, etc.Practical Functions of Public SignsSigns perform the following four basic functions: indicating, promoting, restricting, and compelling.As its meaning suggests, indicating is to indicate or guide readers. Signs as such are also called Rights Reserved.instructive/directive/guiding notices which give readers detailed information with no prohibition and restriction.Indicating is the most basic function performed in sign language. Indicating signs generally give readers relevantinformation about what it is and what service it provides.Prompting has no striking difference from indicating except that the former carries the tone of warning. It aims at reminding readers of paying considerable attention to signs.Unlike the two functions mentioned above, signs that perform restricting function put restrictions and constraints to readers, who are expected to abide by certain rules in the interest of public. Restricting signs are tokeep or confine within limits.To put it simple, compelling signs have great power and potency to induce action or brief. With its tough tone, negative words, and comparatively uniform sentence structures, there is slight possibility of any alternatives.Comparison Between the Chinese and English Public SignsBoth share similarities, of which, the language styles are concise, convenient, and conspicuous; moreover, the figures of speech are often adopted. Yet, a series of differences still exist. Such stylistic analysis focuses moreon its functional significance in the sign translation than on the formal features of texts for its own sake.Word OrderAs thinking modes vary in two cultures, the centre of power reflected in Chinese and English is strikingly different. The Chinese sign is highly implicit by placing the focus at the end of a phrase; on the contrary, the English1248TRANSLATION OF PUBLIC SIGNS FROM THE FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE sign emphasizing the point at the beginning. For instance, “油漆未干Wet Paint”; “无汞(电池) Mercury-Free”.Diction PracticeDifferences are also seen in diction practice. Verbs are usually employed in Chinese to perform such functions as warning, restricting, and compelling, whereas the nouns and gerunds are quite common in English.For instance, “严禁穿行No Trespassing”; “不收手续费No Commission Charge”.Mood UnlikeEnglish signs which sound euphemistic and implicative, Chinese signs are more direct and straightforward, even with a touch of authority. English signs often display the allowable aspect instead of aiming at the prohibited audience. For instance, “闲人免进Staff Only”; “送客止步 Passengers Only”.VoiceEnglish signs generally use passive voice; Chinese signs, however, are more of active voice. Hence, sign translators should take into account the target reader’s acceptability and identification. For example, “禁止携带犬只入内Dogs Not Allowed”; “戴好防护镜和安全帽Safety Glasses & Hard Hats Required”.The Translation of Public Signs Under the Framework of Functionalism In 1970s, there was a new theory named functional translation theory in Germany. Skopos theory, as the most important theory in the field of Functionalist Approaches, is proposed by Catharina Rice and Hans Vermeer in 1970s. It is “a technical term for the aim or purpose of a translation” (Vermeer, 1996, p. 221). Skopos theorists assert that any action has an aim and a purpose. From their standpoint, translation is considered not as a process ofRights Reserved.transcoding, which usually adopted by earlier non-functionalist approaches, but as a form of human action which has its own purpose basically decided on by the translator. The skopos of a translation, Vermeer explains, is the goal or purpose, defined by the commission and if necessary adjusted by the translator. Vermeer (1996) defined commission as “the instruction, given by oneself or by someone else, to carry out a given action (which could be translation)” (p. 201).According to the skopos theory, all the translation works should obey three rules: the skopos rule, the coherence rule, and the fidelity rule.The skopos rule is the primary one of the three above. It suggests that human action (and its subcategory: translation) is determined by its purpose (skopos), and therefore it is a function of its purpose. The rule is formalized using the formula: IA(Trl) = f(Sk). The main point of this functional approach is the following: It is not the source text as such, or its effects on the source-text recipient, or the function assigned to it by the author, that determines the translation process, as is postulated by equivalence-based translation theories, but the prospective function or skopos of the target text as determined by the initiator’s, i.e., client’s needs. Consequently, the skopos is largely constrained by the target text user (reader/listener) and his/her situation and cultural background.The coherence rule stipulates that the target text must be sufficiently coherent to allow the intended users to comprehend it, given their assumed background knowledge and situational circumstances; the starting point for a translation is a text as part of a world continuum, written in the source language. It has to be translated into a target language in such a way that it becomes part of a world continuum which can be interpreted by the recipients as coherent with their situation.TRANSLATION OF PUBLIC SIGNS FROM THE FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE1249The fidelity rule concerns intertextual coherence between translatum and source text, and stipulates merely that some relationship must remain between the two, once the overriding principle of skopos and the rule of (intratextual) coherence have been satisfied (Vermeer, 1996, p. 100).As has been mentioned, the informative function of a text is to inform the reader about objects and phenomena in the real world. “The choice of linguistic and stylistic forms is subordinate to this function. In translation where both the ST (source translation) and TT (target translation) are of the informative type, the translator should attempt to give a correct and complete representation of the ST’s content and should be guided,in terms of stylistic choices, by the dominant norms of the ST and TT”. So the truthfulness is the core of this kindof public signs. Translators only stand in the position of trying to be anonymous. When they translate public signs, they should pay more attention to the readers’ understanding and reaction. That is to say, they should concern theeffect of information transmitting.On the relationship between form and content, he thinks that translation should have the original text’s meaning and spirit in mind, but not be stickler for the language form to pursue the equality between original and target text. Nevertheless, on the other hand, the translations of informative public signs also stress the arrangement and words choosing, because the format of an informative text is often standard. In the process of translation, because of different structure and custom, we should pay more attention to choosing the suitable word.Now, there is a new tendency to translate the public signs.On the relationship between original and translated text, the original must obey the translated text’s form.The original text is just the source of information. Frequently, we change the translation into a kind of mechanicaloperation with explicit purpose, and it just follows the standard of target text, which is beneficial for Rights Reserved.disseminating the information. From this aspect, the Skopostheorie, which stresses the principle of translation’s function, is fit for the informative public signs. There are some signs in every street and publics, which have the function to keep the crime on guard. For example: “窃贼当心，本区域所有物品都经智能液处理，伸手必擒。

III. Criteria of Translation翻译的标准Speaking of criteria of translation, as early as in the Tang Dynasty, the learned Monk Xuan Zang designed criteria of translation with emphasis placed on accuracy and general knowledge. In the Qing Dynasty, Yan Fu established a three character standard in translation: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, which are similar to "Triness" by Herbert Rotheinstein. Faithfulness, expressiveness and gracefulness which are considered the golden rule in the field of translation.说起翻译的标准，早在唐朝，学识渊博的⽞奘法师就把翻译标准的重点放在语⾔的精准度以及知识的通俗易懂上。

清朝时候，严复创⽴了⼀个翻译的“三字标准”：信，达，雅。

这和赫伯特·罗森斯坦提出的"Triness"原则有异曲同⼯之妙。

忠于原著、富有表达⼒和⽂风优雅被看做翻译界的⾦科⽟律。

After the May 4 th Movement, Lu Xun proposed: faithfulness and smoothness as the criteria of translation.在五四运动后，鲁迅提议：“信”和“顺”可以构成翻译的标准。

Shortly after the birth of New China, quite a lot of translators put forward various criteria, such as faithfulness, smoothness, accuracy, fluency and so on ...新中国成⽴不久，很多翻译家提出各种各样的标准，像“忠实”、“通顺”、“准确”、“流畅”。

US-China Foreign Language, July 2023, Vol. 21, No. 7, 287-291doi:10.17265/1539-8080/2023.07.006 A Study on the Translation Strategies of ChineseRun-on Sentences From the Perspective ofFunctional Equivalence TheoryWEI JiaxueUniversity of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaAccording to the theory of functional equivalence, this study explores the translation strategies of Chinese run-onsentences not only from the aspect of the vocabulary and grammar of the English and Chinese languages, but alsofrom the viewpoint of the stylistic style, language expression habits, and discourse style of the English translation.Through the analysis of some typical run-on sentences, two major steps in translating Chinese run-on sentences arediscussed in terms of both thought and practice, including thinking about getting rid of the limitation of sentencenumbers and carrying out logical restructuring to find out the topic sentence; on the basis of restructuring, the practiceof topic-by-topic translation is carried out, i.e., the topic sentence in the run-on sentence is treated as the main sentencein the translation, and the non-topic sentence is treated as the subordinate sentence in the translation. The translationstrategies include the use of correlatives, compound sentences, prepositional phrases, and addition and subtraction oftranslations.Keywords: Chinese run-on sentences, functional equivalence theory, translation strategiesIntroductionThe Chinese run-on sentence is a linguistic phenomenon unique to China. It is not easy to translate because of its loose structure, the lack of associated words, and its similarity to the form. The term “run -on sentences” was first proposed by Lv (1979) in his analysis of Chinese grammar and he claims that the use of small sentences as the basic unit, without the use of sentences, is more suitable for the Chinese language, because there are especially many running sentences in spoken Chinese, one after another, and there are many places where they can be broken and connected. B. Zhang, Fan, and Y. J. Zhang (2002) pointed out that a run-on sentence consists of at least two independent sentence segments, which are generally not connected to each other by associative words. In addition, English does not have a syntactic structure similar to the structure of Chinese run-on sentences, as Chinese is a “bamboo language ” that focuses on meaningful agreement and generally follows the chronological order of events, with simple sentences and no variation in form. In contrast, English is a category of “tree language ” which often uses the subject, predicate, and object as the central framework to convey the central meaning of the sentence, and has a rich variety of forms (Zhao, 2016). On top of that, Wang et al. (2017) pointed out that Chinese is a topic-based language, characterized by chunkiness, dispersion, and zero-reference. WEI Jiaxue, Master, College of Foreign Languages, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.D A VID PUBLISHINGDA STUDY ON THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF CHINESE RUN-ON SENTENCES288Although many scholars in China have explored the translation techniques of Chinese run-on sentences, most of them only put forward some translation methods of run-on sentences in a general way, and there are few studies on the translation of different types of run-on sentences. It is hoped that this study can provide some strategies for the English translation of different types of Chinese run-on sentences, and provide some reference for the future English translation of Chinese run-on sentences.Functional Equivalence TheoryThe theory of functional equivalence was first proposed by the American linguist and translator Eugene A. Nida. He proposed that the quality and reliability of a translation should be judged not only on the level of vocabulary and grammar, but also on the equivalence between the translational and the original text in terms of style, language expression, discourse, and so on (Nida, 1975). It can be said that the higher the quality of the translation, the easier it will be for the recipient to accept and understand the translation. A high degree of functional equivalence is achieved if the recipient of the translation comprehends the translation to a similar or the same extent as the recipient of the original text.The English and Chinese languages differ in many ways, such as word, syntax, discourse, and rhetoric. Therefore, in the process of translation, a translator should pay attention to these differences and should not lose sight of the accuracy of the content in order to preserve the formal equivalence between the two languages, thus leading to a lack of reproduction of the information in the source language. Therefore, when translating, especially when translating Chinese run-on sentences, the translator should overcome the rigid formal correspondence between the two languages and pursue a natural and culturally appropriate way of presenting the translation that is close to the expressions of the two languages. This study presents a selection of Chinese run-on sentences and their translation version. Based on these vivid examples, the English translation strategy of Chinese running sentences is explored in detail at the level of English-Chinese syntactic comparison (Sun, 2007) and through the theory of functional equivalence.Classification of Chinese Run-on SentencesBased on classification method of run-on sentences of Wang and Zhao (2017), the study explores the translation strategies and techniques of various run-on sentences. Wang and Zhao (2017) proposed that subject designation is the main basis for the classification of the structural types of run-on sentences, i.e., whether the subjects of the segments of Chinese run-on sentences are consistent with each other, and outlines three basic structural types of run-on sentences: The first type is called “single-subject run-on sentences” consisting of only one subject. The second type is called “multiple-subject run-on sentences”composed of multiple subjects alternating. And the last one is called “complex-subject run-on sentences” bearing with multiple subjects, no subjects, and even co-occurring phrases. In the case of single-subject run-on sentences, all the segments share a single subject. In the prose style, the text is short and concise, and the same subject usually exists only once in a paragraph, i.e., if the subject appears in one paragraph, the subject is omitted from the rest of the paragraph. In terms of where the subject is omitted, single-subject run-on sentences are divided into three types: single-subject omitted before, omitted after, and omitted before and after. A pre-phrase omission means that the subject appears in the front of the passage and the subject is omitted in the middle or at the back; a post-phrase omission means that the subject does not appear until the end of the passage; and a pre-phrase and post-phrase omission means that the subject appears in the middle of the passage and is omitted before and after the paragraph. Multi-subjectA STUDY ON THE TRANSLATION STRA TEGIES OF CHINESE RUN-ON SENTENCES289run-on sentences are more complex in structure, with different subjects each having their own role and not interfering with each other, and when the same subject is repeatedly identified, it can be omitted and formed as a separate paragraph.The last type is the extraordinarily long, complex subject run-on sentence. This type of run-on sentence appears more frequently in prose and is more difficult to translate into English, requiring the translator to have a thorough grounding in the syntactic differences between English and Chinese and to take maximum advantage of the translator’s subjectivity.MethodsThis study aims to explore the translation strategy of Chinese run-on sentences. The study is guided in terms of the functional equivalence theory and tends to answer the following research question: What specific translation strategies can be used in the course of translating the Chinese run-on sentences?Data CollectionData collection included the vivid run-on example sentences and the translation version. The data were collected from the book—English Translation of Selected Modern Chinese Prose (Ⅰ) by Zhang Peiji (2007). Some typical run-on sentences were selected for further analysis. And the translation strategies were further obtained from the text analysis.Analysis and ResultsThe translation strategies of Chinese run-on sentences proposed in this study are mainly based on two procedures: Firstly, at the level of thought, the logical restructuring is carried out to find out the topic sentence by getting rid of the limitation of the full stop (Zeng, 2021). It is worth mentioning that when run-on sentences contain more than one sentence, the topic sentence is usually not unique; secondly, from the practicality level, on the basis of reorganization, topic-by-topic translation is carried out, i.e., the topic sentence in Chinese is treated as the main sentence in the translation, and the non-topic sentence in Chinese is treated as the subordinate structure in the translation. A discussion of specific translation strategies for run-on sentences at the practicality level can be found below.Using Compound Sentences and Prepositional PhrasesExample 1Source text: ①他四处奔走的寻找。

第15章Translation of Proper Nouns and Technical Terms（专有名词和专门术语译法）15.1 复习笔记English proper nouns include names of persons, places, organizations ,newspapers, periodicals, radios, news agencies, books, films, etc. English technical terms include, broadly speaking, special words or expressions for things and ideas used in any branch of science and technology.英语专有名词包括人名、地名、组织名、报纸名、期刊名、广播台名、通讯社名、书名、电影名等等。

英语专有术语主要包括在技术科学、社会科学、自然科学等领域广泛运用的特殊词汇或特殊表达。

Many troubles arise in translating proper names and technical terms. Great confusion may come from.在翻译专有名词和专有术语的时候会遇到一些棘手的问题，这些问题主要来源于：1. Transliteration of proper names from English spelling or pronunciation;对英语专有名词的发音直接进行音译；2. Variation in the spoken sound of Chinese characters used in translated names;汉语中部分汉字的发音有地域区别；3. Large number of homonyms, homophones and homographs in Chinese;汉语中有大量同音字、多音字和同形字；4. Mixed use of old and new translated names.新译法和旧译法的混合使用。

Among American writers, F.Scott.Fitzgerald is crowned with the most credible achievement with his masterpiece The Great Gatsby, it published in 1925 ranks first in his novels for its profound thought, narrative techniques, well-knit structure and artistic appeal. In this novel, Fitzgerald vividly portrays the life of "the Jazz Age" and the images of the roaring twenties in U.S.A. And it has been translated to many versions. I’d like to analysis the first three chapters of Deng Ruoxu’s version from the following several folds.1.Annotation for allusionA large number of allusions are used in The Great Gatsby. The allusions carry the important information in English. The author assumes that the readers share the common knowledge and similar background with him so they can comprehend the implied meaning of the text. However, the culture image of this is a blank in the target language so when translating this kind of allusion, the literal translation method with annotation is desirable. The target language readers could learn about the culture of the source language and new concepts and image are introduced into the target culture.Example1:I bought a dozen volumes on banking and credit and investment securities, and theystood on shelf in red and gold like new money from mint, promising to unfold for shining secret that only Midas and Morgan and Maecenas knew.我买了十几本关于银行、信贷和投资证券的书，他们就像造纸厂新印的钱币一样，一本本红皮烫金立在书架上，等着为我揭开只有迈达斯¹、摩根²、和米西纳斯³才知道的赚钱秘诀。

英文地址和介绍的写法（English address and introduction）I. name translationIn terms of names, a foreigner's habit is name (First) before, and the last name (Last, name) is behind. If you run into it, you'd better pay attention to the order, but if you fill it out, it doesn't matter. The Bank of China accepts the check when it is admitted. For example: Wang Xiaohu, can be written as XiaoHu Wang, can also be written as Wang XiaoHu.Two. Address translationPrinciples of Translation: first, later, later.The Chinese like to say "big" first, then "small", such as * * * * * * *Foreigners like to say "small" first, then "big", such as * * * * * * *, so you should write small and then write large.For example: Guangdong, Shenzhen, China Central Road 5, building 401, room 1023, you have to start from the room to write, Room 401, Buliding 5, No.1023, HuaZhong, Road, ShenZhen, GuangDong, Prov., China (comma, followed by spaces). Note that the name of the road, the company name, the name of the village and so on are not translated into the consent of the English, as long as the phonetic alphabet on it. Because your check is sent by the Chinese postman, the key is for them to understand. Tech building, you wrote Technology Building, they might be even more confused.At present, each city's postal and postal sorting center has a special person responsible for translating the foreign addresses into Chinese addresses and writing them on the envelope and sending them to the postmanImportant: your postal code must be written correctly, because several postal links in foreign letters are delivered by postal code areas.Three, on how to verify that their written address in the end can not be properly delivered by the local post office method1. go to the post office to buy an envelope and stamps2. on the envelope to write your address and the recipient English or Pinyin3. you can also write an address in a variety of ways, such as No.1, Xilu, road, and Xilu Lu 1 Hao, and then put these addressed envelopes stamped, stamps into the mailbox4. within a week should receive these letters sent to you, if not received, you write the address or the local post office problems. For the latter, you can train the post office personnel in the following areas. Whether it is effective or not depends on the quality of the local post officeThe envelope address in English while writing, one line is English (Pinyin), the next line with Chinese to write, then go to the post, repeated several times, in general, can be OK,,5., if you do not trust, you can ask the nonlocal (non city) friends to send you at the above address, you can receive, then you can rest assured6. is not assured? Then you should go to the post office and ask for a post box so that the coefficient is greater.7., the use of the above aspects still can not do? OK, my brother MEIZHE, otherwise, I give you my address? Ha ha, a joke.Four, common Chinese and English comparison* * * room / room Room * * * * * village * * * Vallage* * * No.*** * * * dormitory * * Dormitory* * * floor / floor ***/F * * * uptown / district * * * Residential QuaterA /B /C / Ding A/B/C/D * * Lane / Lane Lane * ** * * unit Unit * * * * building * * * * * Building* * * company ***Com.* * * Crop***LTD.CO * * * * * * Factory* * * restaurant / hotel * * * * Hotel * * * * * * Road* * * * * * * * * * * Garden * * * * * * * Street* * * mailbox Mailbox * * * * * * * * District* * * * * * * * * * * * * * County * * * Town* * * * * * * * City * * * * * * Prov.* * * * ***Yard * * * University ***College* * means ordinal numbers such as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th...... If not, use No.*** instead, or simply fill in numbers!In addition, there are some things such as * * * difficult to translate, directly write pinyin, * * * Li. And * * East (south, West, North) road, directly with Pinyin is also OK, write * * * East (South, West, North), Road is ok. Also, if there is not enough room, you can write 7 of the 3012 rooms: 7-3012.Room 201: Room 201Number 12: No.12Unit 2: Unit 2Building 3: Building No.3Chang'an Avenue: Chang An StreetNanjing Road: Nanjing RoadChangan company: Chang An CompanyBaoshan District: BaoShan DistrictZhao Hotel: ZhaoJia HotelQian Family Garden: Qianjia GardenSun County: Sunjia, countyLi Jia Town: Lijia townGuangzhou: Guangzhou CityGuangdong: Guangdong ProvinceChina: ChinaExample：Room 3, building 12, No. 201, Nanjing Road, Baoshan DistrictRoom 201, building, No.3, No.12, Nan, Jing, road, BaoShan, DistrictIf you don't have enough room, you can write room 3, building 201: 3-201Room 37, No. 403, Baoshan District demonstration village Room 403, No.37, SiFan, Residential, Quarter, BaoShan,DistrictPeople's Republic of China Ministry of Civil Affairs Policy Research Center of Beijing Riverside Avenue No. 147No.147#, HeiYian, Street, the, policy, of, civil, administration, Department, the, People, center, Republic, of, ChinaHongkou District Xikang Road 125 Lane 34, Room 201Room 201, No.34, Lane 125, XiKang, Road (South), HongKou, DistrictFloor 3, unit 20, South West District, Tiantan, Chongwen District, Beijing, 101Room 3-101, building, No.20, TianTan-NanXiLi, Residential, ChongWen, District, BeiJing, CityRoom 102, building 204, Taishan East Village, Baoying County, Yangzhou, JiangsuRoom 204, building, No.102, East, TaiShan, Residential, BaoYin, County, Province, JiangSu473004 Zhou Wangcai, 42 Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang, HenanZhou WangcaiRoom 42,Zhongzhou, Road, Nanyang, City,Henan Prov.China 473004A team of gas extraction in Northwest Sichuan mining area, Sichuan, Jiangyou, ChinaThe "Team CaiQi ChuanXiBei Mining Area JiangYou City SiChuan Province China"Xingtai, Hebei Province, China Mass Art MuseumThe, Masses, Art, Centre, XinTai, City, HeBei, Prov.ChinaWujiang City, Jiangsu Province Ping Wang Zhen Lian Bei Cun seven groups"Group LiBei Village PingWang Town WeJiang City JiangSu Province"Five, registration common E text translation confluenceReferred by: introducer fill username, if not the person you don't fill.Login: makes a user name for himself.Password: enter the password you want to useConfirm Password/verify password:, enter the password againFirst name:, fill in your nameLast name:, fill in your last nameE-mail (must, be, valid): fill in your EMAIL address (must be correct, otherwise it will not receive a confirmation letter)Address1: fill in your collection address, country name in English (China), and other available Hanyu pinyin. (the principle is that the postman can read it.) the translation of the Chinese address will be followed by an introduction.Address2: second address can not be filledCity: fill in the name of your cityZip/postcode:, fill in your zip codeState/Province: state / Province, if this column is a drop-down menu, there is no Chinese provinces, then choose other (meaning is also the other) if the next column followed by other, then in the Pinyin fill in your province.Country: fill in the country name, China is China.Home phone number: home phone. Among them, day means day, and night/evening means night.Fax: faxSocial Security Number (SSN) or Tax ID Number (TAXID) (United States), social insurance, taxes, IDBirth date/year of birth: your date of birth, where DD represents the date of the two digit numberMM: stands for the two digit month (month column, sometimes a drop-down menu, and contains 12 English words, which represent January -12 months and your own number.)YY: stands for two digit yearsGender: gender, male means male, female means female.Ethnicity: races should be filled with ASIANLanguage: language, fill in ChineseAge: ageFamily status: family statusMarital Status: marital status, single- single, married- to marriageReligion: religious beliefJob Category: type of workEmployment status: employment statusEducation: education statusIncome: revenue status Annual Income- annual incomeSign, up, signin: registrationContinue: continuesSubmit: submissionLogin, LOG ON: LoginRegister: registrationMembership: membersApplication Form: application formHow, did, you, hear, about, us:, how did you know about us? Rules: ruleMinimum amount paid when Minimum payment to send: Sponsor: sponsors。

高中英语真题:高考英语语法填空专练（6）及答案【语法填空】A Russian PoemSince childhood, Anton had often recited poems, accompani ed by pianists and violinists, at wedding ceremonies ____1____ brides and bridegrooms exchanged rings. Gradually, he found writing poems the most appropriate way ____2____(convey) his joy and sorrow. When his poem Contradictory Blank won ___3___ a national championship and a scholarship to the ___4_____ a sponsor, he was just____5____ unknown librarian. ____6____ getting his diploma, he devoted his life to writing poems. _7___(use) concrete but flexible lan guage and the minimum of words ___8___ (be) his style. He trie d out different patterns and ___9____(prefer) nursery rhyme in p articular. The following is a translation of one of his works__10_ ___ (make) up of 3 sections:Little sparrow with heavy load, Ran out of energy and very cold;No compass and all sweat salty, Can you go through the endless darkness?Little balloon let out by the thread, Flew over cottages and was very glad;With warmth transformed from sunlight, He said he could fo rever fly;Take it easy, little balloon; Don’t tease the sparrow with his wound;On the bare branch and have a rest; This diamond heart will eventually get success.27. 【参考答案】Keys:1 before2 to convey3 him4 from5 an6 After7 Using8 is9 preferred 10 made【语法填空】Let’s Help AdolescentsWhether they are male or female, adolescents feel like decidi ng on everything themselves in spite of parents’ instruction, esp ecially when they face problems like sex, mental stress, etc., w hich make them feel ashamed and embarrassed. Thus they oft en automatically get into troubles due to their ____1_____(perfe ct) comprehension and judgement. Some are addicted to cigarettes, only several packets of ___2____will hurt their lungs and m ake them breathless quickly. Others can’t quit drinking alcohol, ___3_______harmful effects include causing young pregnant wo men to abort or give birth to___4_____ (normal) babies. The wor st is drug abuse, for the withdrawal is tough once their bodies a re accustomed to the drugs. Meanwhile, those who share nee dles ____5____(buy) from illegal chemists are at great risk of___ __6___ ( infect) with desperate AIDS. If so, neither injecting nor taking pills can guarantee their survival.However, don’t be disappointed at or have prejudice __7____ o ur children so easily. After all, being awkward is ____8___ appe ndix of youth. As long as we ___9____ (strong ) communication with them instead of only banning this or banning that, we will s urely help them avoid anything ____10_____(fit).28. 【参考答案】Keys:1 imperfect2 which3 whose4 abnormal5 bought6 being infected7 against8 an9 strenthen 10 unfit广东省语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。