河北省石家庄市第二十一中学20122013学年八

2019-2020学年石家庄第二十一中学高三英语上学期期末试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThis is a list of places to spend the 2020 Olympics if you aren't going to Japan.AustraliaThe fact that the summer Olympics fall during Australia's winter season is worth keeping in mind for two reasons: it makes traveling there cheaper, and it's still not too cold. As far as the Olympics are concerned, there will be no shortage of opportunities to watch the Games in between your various explorations of the country and its limitless activities.ThailandThailand is a breathtaking place 10 spend some time during any summer, and provides a perfect setting for Olympie viewing: You can go scuba diving one morning before watching sports all afternoon, or simply duck out for world-famous street food in between events. But Thai sports fans may also be taking extra interest in the Olympics these days.United StatesThe U.S. is likely to be as interested in the Olympics as any other nation, given is collection of athletes who will be taking center stage. You can rest assured it won't be difficult to watch the Games no matter where you're visiting specifically. This leaves you with all sorts of fun options. You can visit a luxury ski resort town like Aspen, which turns into a gorgeous hiking destination in the summer.Great BritainNot unlike the U, s. Britain will make for a fun place to spend the 2020 Olympics because there's a great deal of national interest in a number of different sports, and the local athletes are expected to be competitive. Summer can also be a good time to be in Britain in general," with ly mild temperatures allowing for full exploration of the country. That means you can stay in the beautiful Lake District if you like, hiking or kayaking when you're not watching the Games.1.What is special about Australia as a destination in an Olympic summer?A.Its season.B.Its activities.C.Its sports.D.Its scenery,2.Which country can you go to if you are a street food lover?A.Australia.B.Thailand.C.United States.D.Great Britain.3.What do the U. S. and Britain have in common as fun places to spend the 2020 Olympics?A.They both have a pleasant temperature.B.They are both interested in the Games.CThey both own lots of sports centers. D.They are both English-speaking countries.BAncient Dunhuang manuscripts housed abroad have been edited and published by the Institute for Overseas National Literature of Northwest Minzu University since 2006. Up till now, 9 manuscripts kept in the British Library and22 inthe National Library of France have been finished, the institute said on April 24, 2018.Tens of thousands of valuable ancient documents and cultural relics, discovered in the Mogao Grottos in Dunhuang, Gansu province, were scattered overseas in the early 20th century. Dunhuang manuscripts currently in the British Library and the National Library of France are the most important ancient national documents housed abroad.Co-edited by Institute for Overseas National Literature of Northwest Minzu University, Shanghai Classics Publishing House, the British Library and the National Library of France, these Dunhuang manuscripts return home in publication form for the first time. The institute is also preparing an online database of the manuscripts.According to Cai Rang, associate director of the institute, Dunhuang manuscripts scattered overseas in Russia, Britain, France and Japan have rich contents, including Buddhism law, social contract, history,linguisticsand art. The institute has edited and published 31 manuscripts over the past 13 years, but the work has not been finished. It plans to publish 15 from the British Library and over 30 from the National Library of France all together. In addition, it will also publish manuscripts collected by other countries.“Some manuscripts are hard to read because of the indecipherable words. So we read carefully and understand them by comparing with Buddhism documents handed down from ancient times,” Cai said. “Next, document classification and compilation will be our key work for further research.”The work done by the institute is helpful to study the history and culture of Tubo(present-day Tibet) during the period of 8th to 11th century and the history of national cultural exchanges at that time.4. When did so many valuable ancient documents, discovered in the Mogao Grottos, were scattered overseas?A. In the late 19th century.B. In the middle of the 19th century.C. At the beginning of the 19th century.D. At the beginning of the 20th century.5. How do the members of the institute understand some manuscripts that are hard to read?A. By using modern technology.B. By asking other famous experts.C. By comparing them with Buddhism documents.D. By studying the history and culture of Tubo.6. The possible meaning of the underlined word “linguistics” in paragraph 4 is “______”.A. the scientific study of languageB. the opinion that people have about someone or somethingC. something that people may have as part of their characterD. a system or method for carrying passengers or goods from one place to another7. What is the theme of the news report?A. Dunhuang manuscripts scattered overseas have rich contents.B. China publishes Dunhuang manuscripts housed overseas.C. High value of ancient documents and cultural relics in Mogao Grottos.D. Prepare an online database of Dunhuang manuscripts housed overseas.CAs one of the world’smost popular cultural mediums, cinema is at the leading position at the Taihu World Cultural Forum(论坛), an annual event that aims to improve cultural exchanges. So far this year, Chinese box office has already topped 58 billion yuan, the China Film Administration said. This indicates that China, the world’s second-largest movie market, is closing the gap with the United States, the world’s top cinema market.Cao Yin, director of the program center at China Movie Channel, said that China has 67,000 cinema screens. the most of any country, and the number is expected to increase to 80,000 by the end of next year. Saying that China has signed coproduction agreements with 22 countries (including the United States, Canada, Japan. India etc.) ,Cao added it has deepened cinematic exchanges between Chinese filmmakers and their foreign counterparts (同行).With the country’s huge native market, which produced more than 1,000 films in 2019, Hong Kong director Stanley Tong said he believes foreign filmmakers will increasingly seek cooperation with China. “International coproduction will become an important platform to send Chinese stories oversea and give us a broader vision of creation,” Tong said.Recently, over 80 percent of the world’s top 100 highest box-office titles have been action films. Tong said the films, in which plots are basically secondary to shining stunts (特技), is one of the easiest ways to appeal to foreignaudiences. But it has been a decades-long struggle for Chinese filmmakers to sell their stories overseas. When asked what kinds of Chinese films would have the most global appeal. Yan Zhaozhu, chairman of the Taihu World Cultural Forum, said stories that address universal issues, such as environmental protection and climate change, are perhaps the best options.8. What is the purpose of the Taihu World Cultural Forum?A. To strengthen cultural exchanges.B. To build more cinemas in China.C. To invite more tourists to Taihu.D. To attract more international investment.9. What can we infer about Cao Yin’s opinion in Paragraph 2?A. Chinese box office has already overtaken the United States so farB. The screens of Chinese cinemas will be world-leading in the futureC. China has signed the most coproduction agreements with other countriesD. There will be more and more cooperations between Chinese filmmakers and other countries.10. How do Chinese filmmakers feel about selling their movies to the world right now?A. Easy.B. Disappointed.C. Challenged.D. Confused.11. What is the best title for the text?A. Box Office: Unclear FutureB. China: Top Second Movie MarketC. Cinema: The Leading Cultural PositionD. Chinese Filmmakers: Severe Competition SituationDMany Americans experience surprise (or disappointment) when they wake up on Christmas Day. They might be surprised or disappointed by a family member’s actions. They might be happy or unhappy about a Christmas gift. Imagine a child expects to get an Xbox or PlayStation for Christmas. On Christmas morning, they quickly open their gift. Inside is an English grammar book. They might feel disappointed. The Everyday Grammar team would prefer the new English grammar book. But if you are like most young people, you would probably rather have a new video game.Today, we are going to explore those feelings-feelings of surprise and disappointment. In other words, we aregoing to explore how speakers show that reality was better or worse than their expectations.Many languages use words to express expectation. Speakers also use words to express how events are not happening as expected. This idea is known as “counter expectation”.Do not worry about the term. Just remember that it means that speakers use words to show that reality is countering their expectations.English has many words that serve this purpose. Three of the most common are the words “even”, “still” and “actually”. You will often hear them in informal, everyday speech. Speakers use these words to show disappointment. The pitch of their voice tells you what they mean. Let’s study examples of each word.Speakers often use the word "even” to show disappointment or surprise. Imagine a young child that expects a phone call from a family member-perhaps an uncle or grandparent. The phone call never comes. The child might say the following: “What’s wrong with him? He didn’t even call me on Christmas day.” Americans sometimes use “still” for showing how reality does not quite meet their expectations: “You’re still here? It’s over! Go home. Go!” Another common word that shows surprise or disappointment is “actually”: “I can’t believe it! Uncle Bob actually stole her Christmas gift.”12. What might most young Americans prefer as a Christmas gift according to paragraph 1?A. A newly made video game.B. An English grammar book.C. A new designed school bag.D. A unique jacket from their parents.13. What does the underlined phrase “counter expectation” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Expression of disappointment.B. Something expected to happen.C. The same with one’s expectation.D. A result against what is expected.14. What do the three words “even”, “still” and “actually” have in common?A. They are easy to understand.B. They express disappointment.C. They show delighted feelings.D. They are used most at Christmas.15. What’s the last paragraph mainly about?A. Expectations from loved ones.B. Different uses of the three words.C. Examples of the use of the three words.D. Emotions of disappointment and surprise.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年石家庄第二十一中学高三语文第二次联考试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文章，完成下面小题。

环境智能人工智能正在以另一种全新的方式深入我们的生活，不是人们熟悉的机器人，而是与我们身边的整体空间、设备融合建立的环境智能。

环境智能可以通过在环境中放置大量被动的、无接触式传感器，采集人在某一特定场景下，如声音、普通图像、红外图像、运动等数据，并利用机器学习算法对数据进行融合挖掘，自动识别这一场景下人的行为。

凡是需要长时间耗费大量人力的重复性监控场景，都可能利用环境智能技术，替代其中的大量人力。

实现环境智能的技术手段有很多，主要通过硬件模块+AI算法来实现。

如布置AI摄像头，该摄像头围绕常规的图像传输，可集成红外光学模块传感器提供夜视与温度检测功能；集成运动检测传感器提供物体动态追踪、行为判断等功能；集成人脸识别模块提供身份识别功能等。

目前，在环境智能中广泛使用的非接触式传感器有深度相机、红外相机（测量物体表面温度）、激光雷达（距离测量）、微波雷达、麦克风等。

涉及的人工智能技术包括各类传感器信号的智能检测、处理、识别和融合等，机器学习特别是深度学习等人工智能技术，将在环境智能中发挥巨大作用。

环境智能可以提高医疗服务质量和效果，实现救人于“无形"。

医院重症监护室场景中引入深度传感器，可以辨识病人身体的移动性等情况，减少病人的安全威胁。

在手术室，利用环境摄像机及内窥镜影像等，可有效降低医生的手术事故，还可以对手术器械进行自动计数，以避免留在病人身体中。

环境智能是一个大的概念，在日常生活中也有广泛应用。

可通过监测日常行为改善慢性病患者管理，协助老年人提高日常生活自理能力；在机场或高铁站用上人脸识别系统；在无人零食商店，利用摄像头、电子标签等，可以实现无人全自动销售。

智慧养老与智慧医疗领域已逐步对环境智能开放市场，部分产品已开始投入使用，但大多数潜在应用场景还受限于技术、成本与市场认知等因素，目前尚无大规模应用的案例。

河北省石家庄市第二十一中学2021年高一物理上学期期末试题含解析一、选择题：本题共5小题，每小题3分，共计15分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意1. （单选）下列关于力的说法中，正确的是（）A．直接接触的物体间一定有力的作用B．力可以离开物体而独立存在C．受力物体同时也是施力物体，施力物体同时也是受力物体D．马拉车前进，马对车有拉力，但车对马没有拉力参考答案：C2. 下列各组中的物理量，都属于矢量的是（）A．速度、位移、力 B．速度、加速度、温度C．位移、力、质量 D．加速度、时间、路程参考答案：A3. 甲、乙两个质点间的万有引力大小为F，若甲物体的质量不变，乙物体的质量增加到原来的2倍，同时，它们之间的距离减为原来的1/2，则甲、乙两物体间的万有引力大小将变为()A．F/2B．F C．4F D． 8F参考答案：D4. 2012年6月18日, 载有三名航天员的神舟九号飞船于下午14时许与天宫一号自动交会对接。

对接完成、两飞行器形成稳定运行的组合体后，航天员于17时多进入天宫一号目标飞行器，这实现了中国载人航天历史上首次对一个在轨运行的航天器的拜访和驻留。

假如神舟九号与天宫一号对接前所处的轨道如图甲所示，当它们处于图甲所示的轨道运行时，下列说法正确的是（）A．神舟九号的加速度比天宫一号的大B．神舟九号的运行速度比天宫一号的大C．神舟九号的运行周期比天宫一号的长D．神舟九号通过加速后变轨可实现与天宫一号对接参考答案：ABD5. （多选题）下列说法中正确的是A. 平均速度就是速度的平均值B. 速率是指瞬时速度的大小C. 火车以速度v经过某一段路程，v是指瞬时速度D. 子弹以速度v从枪口射出，v是瞬时速度参考答案：BD二、填空题：本题共8小题，每小题2分，共计16分6. 电火花打点计时器是一种使用流电源的仪器，它的工作电压是 V；当电源频率为50Hz时，它每隔 s打点一次；打n个点的时间为 s．参考答案：交、计时、 220V、 0.02、 0.02（n–1）7. 为了探究物体做功与物体速度变化的关系，现提供如图所示的器材，让小车在橡皮筋的作用下弹出后，沿木板滑行．请思考探究思路并回答下列问题(打点计时器交流电频率为50 Hz)．(1)为了消除摩擦力的影响应采取什么措施？答：将木板的一端用木块垫起适当的高度，使小车能下滑即可．(2)当我们分别用相同的橡皮筋1条、2条、3条、……并起来进行第1次、第2次、第3次、……实验时，每次实验中橡皮筋拉伸的长度都应保持一致，我们把第1次实验时橡皮筋对小车做的功记为W.(3)由于橡皮筋对小车做功而使小车获得的速度可以由打点计时器和纸带测出，如下图所示的是其中四次实验打出的部分纸带．(4)试根据第(2)、(3)项中的信息，填写下表：从表中数据可得出结论：____________________________________________________.参考答案：固定打点计数器 (1分)缓慢匀速 (1分)结论：橡皮筋对小车做的功与小车速度的平方成正比8. 如图，从A点以水平速度v0抛出小球，不计空气阻力小球垂直打在倾角为α的斜面上，则此时速度大小v=；小球在空中飞行间的时间t=．参考答案：；．【考点】平抛运动．【分析】平抛运动在水平方向上做匀速直线运动，在竖直方向上做自由落体运动，根据速度的方向，通过平行四边形定则求出小球打在斜面上时的速度大小以及竖直方向上的分速度，从而求出飞行的时间．【解答】解：根据平行四边形定则得，小球打在斜面上的速度大小．根据平行四边形定则，小球在竖直方向上的分速度．则小球在空中飞行的时间．故答案为：；．9. 放在水平圆盘上质量为0.5kg的小物块离转轴距离为0.2m，物块与圆盘间的动摩擦因数为0.2．当小物块随圆盘一起以2rad/s的角速度做匀速圆周运动时，其受到的摩擦力大小为0.4N，方向为沿半径方向指向圆心．参考答案：解：由题意知，滑块受竖直向下的重力和竖直向上的支持力还有静摩擦力作用，根据合力提供圆周运动向心力知，此时静摩擦力与滑块圆周运动向心力相等，故滑块受到静摩擦力的大小Ff=mrω2=0.55×0.2×22N=0.4N因为静摩擦力提供圆周运动向心力知，静摩擦力的方向指向转轴；故答案为：0.4；沿半径方向指向圆心．10. 如果物体沿直线运动，为了定量描述物体的位置及变化，可以以这条直线为x 轴，在直线上规定、和，建立直线坐标系，如图所示，若物体运动到A点，此时它的位置坐标x A= ，若它运动到B点，则此时它的位置坐标x B= 。

八年级语文学科练习一、基础积累（共20分）鸿儒级部举办以“热爱体育，奋勇拼搏”为主题的运动会，学校记者团成员进行了相关报道，请认真阅读，完成相关任务。

材料一9月29日，石家庄市第二十八中学八年级运动会在北校区操场如期举行。

来自南校区、北校区、盛景校区的38个班级参加了这次盛会。

本次运动会共设18个项目。

有600余名运动员参加这次盛会。

赛场上，运动员生龙活虎；场地边，观众们热情高涨。

经过一整天的比赛，共有54名运动员斩获奖牌，13个班级荣获“精神文明奖”先进班称号。

教育处胡主任说，这次运动会，培养了同学们的竞争意识，振奋了师生精神，活跃了大家的学校生活。

(通讯员小语)材料二：秋阳灿烂，金风送爽。

运动会在铿锵的鼓乐声中拉开序幕。

国旗、校旗、主题展牌率先出场，鼓乐队、花束队、旗林队紧随其后。

各班方队精神抖擞，口号响亮，展示着各自班级的风采。

入场式结束后，就是大家翘首期盼的比赛环节。

跑道上的运动员如离弦之箭；跳高场地的远动员身轻如燕；铅球场上运动员稳如泰山；场地外的加油助威喊声震天；主席台上，播音员的声音A抑扬顿挫……一个个夺冠的瞬间，让我们B屏息敛声，一场场比赛让同学们yǎn huā liáo luàn( )，一项项优异的成绩让大家热情高涨。

默默无闻的服务，C任劳任怨的付出，那是我们敬爱的班主任老师们。

看着同学们D摧枯拉朽般冲向终点，他们的脸上有担心，更有欣慰。

参加比赛的运动员都yóuzhōng ( )表示：顽强拼搏、为班级争光是我们的信念；争分夺秒、刻苦训练是我实现梦想的途径，我要继续锤炼本领，磨砺意志，在今后的学习生活中也奋勇争先。

——选自小文的通讯《运动场采风》1.阅读材料一，给小文的消息拟个恰当的标题。

（2分）2.阅读材料二，根据拼音写汉字，给加点字注音。

（每空1分，共3分）①翘首．．( ) ② ( yóu zhōng) ③ ( yǎn huā liáo luàn )3.材料一划线句子有语病，请写出修改意见。

河北省石家庄市第二十一中学高一物理模拟试卷含解析一、选择题：本题共5小题，每小题3分，共计15分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意1. 关于牛顿运动定律，下列说法正确的是A．跳远运动员的助跑，是为了增大惯性，跳的更远B．物体受到很大的作用力，产生的加速度一定很大C．物体的加速度，随力的作用而产生；随一个力的增大而增大D．弹力的反作用力不可能是摩擦力，弹力消失后，其反作用力不会慢慢消失参考答案：D2. （多选）已知引力常量为G,根据下列所给条件能估算出地球质量的是A.月球绕地球的运行周期T和月球中心到地球中心间距离RB.人造地球卫星在地面附近运行的速度v和运行周期TC.地球绕太阳运行的周期T和地球中心到太阳中心的距离RD.地球半径R和地球表面重力加速度g参考答案：ABD3. （单选）如图所示，质量为10kg的物体拴在一个被水平拉伸的轻质弹簧一端，弹簧的拉力为5N 时，物体处于静止状态．若小车以1m/s2的加速度水平向右运动，(g＝10m/s2) 则()A．物体相对小车仍然静止B．物体受到的摩擦力增大C．物体受到的摩擦力减小D．物体受到的弹簧拉力增大参考答案：A 4. 一段横截面积为0.5 cm2的导体材料中,每秒钟有0.2 C正电荷和0.3 C负电荷相向运动,则电流强度是A.0.2 AB.0.3 AC.0.5 AD.104 A参考答案：C5. 关于物理学史的下列说法中不正确的是A．法拉第通过实验研究确认真空中两点电荷之间相互作用力的规律B．元电荷e的数值最早由密立根测得C．卡文迪许首先较准确地测出了万有引力常量G的数值D．海王星是先由万有引力定律计算出位置，然后才观测到的参考答案：A二、填空题：本题共8小题，每小题2分，共计16分6. 升降机提升重物时重物运动的v－t图象如图所示，利用该图象分析并求解以下问题：(1)0～2 s与5～8 s内的加速度大小之比是。

(2)整个过程发生的位移是米。

参考答案：（1）3：2．（2）27.5m试题分析：（1）重物在0-2 s内的加速度：，重物在5-8 s内的加速度：，所以两段时间内的加速度大小之比为：a1：a2=3：2．（2）与坐标轴组成的图象的面积表示的就是位移的大小，所以物体在0～8s的时间内的位移是x=（3+8）×5=27.5m．7. 质量m=0.2kg的物体在光滑水平面上运动，其分速度vx和vy随时间变化的图线如图所示，则物体所受的合力的大小为；物体的初速度的大小为；t＝4s时物体的位移大小为。

2024—2025学年第一学期期中考试试题初二语文第一部分（1～2题 13分）1. 阅读下面的文字，回答后面的问题。

北京时间8月3日，在万众瞩目的巴黎奥运会网球女单决赛中，21岁的郑钦文，犹如一匹隐藏巨大潜力的黑马，一路披荆斩棘，在网球女单决赛中一骑绝尘，赢得冠军，为中国队在奥运网球女单摘得历史上首枚金牌，刷新了我国在该项目上的奥运最高纪录。

郑钦文在采访中曾说：“落后时，看到台上的国旗，有股精神在支撑着我，一直很想为中国拿一块奖牌。

”从她朴实而又铿锵的话语中，从她敢打敢拼的精神中，从她比赛现场每一个【甲】________、逆风翻盘的细节中，我们可以发现她的动力源泉。

【乙】这其中有对国家的责任感与使命感，更有对网球的热爱与坚守。

虽然是首次出征奥运，但郑钦文凭自身实力完美向世界展示出中国00后小将风彩——在非绝对强项的领yù（）中也能大放异彩，超越自我，创造历史。

（1）给语段中加点字注音，或根据拼音写汉字。

①潜力________ ②领yù________（2）材料第二段中有一个错别字，请找出来并修改。

（3）指出填入【甲】处的短语最恰当的一项是（）A. 不屈不挠B. 任劳任怨C. 坚贞不屈D. 殚精竭虑（4）【乙】处划线的句子有语病，请提出修改意见。

2. 请按照要求完成下列新闻探究活动。

（1）请用简洁的语言，为下面这则新闻拟一个标题。

（不超过20字）据中国载人航天工程办公室消息，北京时间2022年12月4日20时09分，神舟十四号载人飞船返回舱在东风着陆场成功着陆。

19时20分，北京航天飞行控制中心通过地面测控站发出返回指令，神舟十四号载人航天飞船轨道舱与返回舱成功分离。

此后，飞船返回制动发动机点火，返回舱与推进舱分离。

返回舱成功着陆，担负搜救回收任务的搜救分队及时发现目标抵达着陆现场。

返回舱舱门打开后，医监医保人员确认航天员身体健康。

（2）你获得了采访航天员的机会，请设计一个采访问题，让大家了解航天员在执行飞行任务时的情况。

河北省石家庄市第二十一中学高一英语下学期期末试题含解析一、选择题29. The police ______a criminal to see what he had in his pockets.A. searchedB. searched forC. searched outD. searched of参考答案：A2. As I know，there is ________ student in this school.A．no such B．no a C．not such D．no such a参考答案：A[考查no，not和such连用的用法。

no相当于not a，故排除B、D两项。

C项没有不定冠词，故选A。

]3. ______ in the newspaper, I didn’t notice what was happening.A. Having buriedB. BuryingC. BuriedD. To be buried参考答案：C考查过去分词作状语。

句意：我专心于看报纸，没有注意到发生了什么事。

Be buried in沉思，专心于。

主语I与bury处于被动关系。

根据题意，故选C。

4. --Excuse me,sir. I ____.I want the light yellow bag instead of the green one.A make up my mindB keep it in my mindC change my mindD bring to mind.参考答案：C5. Too much work and too little rest often ____ illness.A. brings inB. gives inC. leads toD. owes to 参考答案：C25. —Mike, please don’t make so much noise.—Pardon?—I ______ you not to make so much noise.A. tellB. had toldC. toldD. will tell参考答案：C略7. —Would you mind my turning up the radio a bit?—______ The baby is sleeping.A.No, thanks.B.No, good idea.C.Yes, please.D.Yes, better not.参考答案：D考查情景交际。

石家庄市第二十一中学2012——2013学年第一学期期中考试历史试卷一、选择题（25小题，每个2分，共50分）1．宗法制有利于西周稳定统治秩序，主要是因为它A．保证了贵族特权地位 B．扩大了统治疆域C．规定了嫡长子继承制 D．被历代王朝沿用2．《剑桥中国史》中写道：“在唐代，科举考试不过产生一批官僚精英分子而已。

其数量可能略多于全部官僚集团的10％。

总之，其中大部分人出身于名门望族，都来自书香门第。

在唐朝灭亡以前，这种情况没有改变”材料反映了A．九品中正制依然存在 B．科举制度在唐代没有执行C．唐代官员都是科举出身 D．科举考试有利于人才选拔3．中央集权与地方分权的斗争是中国古代政治史上的重要内容。

下列属于加强中央集权的措施有①秦朝皇帝直接任命郡县长官②隋唐确立和完善三省六部制③北宋任用文臣做地方长官④明朝废除丞相A．①③B．②③④C．①③④D①②⑤④4．明清时期君主专制的加强对中国社会发展的影响包括①有利于统一多民族国家的巩固和发展②有利于封建经济的发展③奠定了中华文明长期领先世界的基础④阻碍了资本主义萌芽的发展A．②④B．①④C．①②④D．①②③5．关于秦朝设郡的数目，学术界有不同的看法。

某学者在考证秦朝设郡的数目时，收集、使用了以下几类资料，其中最有说服力的是A．《汉书》的记载 B．民间的传说 C．史学家的论文 D．秦简的记述6．为避免武将专权，宋太祖在中央设立了A．枢密院 B．转运使 C．三司使 D．中书门下7．“(楚庄王十六年)伐陈，杀夏征舒。

……已破陈，即县之。

”“(韩桓惠王十年)我上党郡守以上党郡降赵。

”这说明春秋战国时期A．楚国和赵国分别分封了陈国和韩国B．楚庄王完成了对全国的统一c．秦国在新征服的地方设立了郡县D．出现了分封制与郡县制并存的局面8．大学士叶向高言：我朝阁臣，只备论思顾问之职，原非宰相。

这里的“我朝”是指A．汉朝B．唐朝C．元朝D．明朝9．李鸿章是中国近代历史上争议颇多的风云人物。

河北省石家庄市第八十一中学、第二十二中学2023-2024学年八年级上学期期末联考英语试题一、单项选择1．—Is there ________ university in your town?—No, there isn’t. But there are ______ few colleges.A．a; 不填B．a; a C．an; a D．an; 不填2．The model plane is . I made it by .A．my; me B．my; myself C．mine; me D．mine; myself 3．You must keep it in ________ that you are a student and you need to follow the school rules.A．danger B．mind C．place D．order4．Though he studied ________ at school, he can ________ get good grades.A．hard; hardly B．hardly; hardly C．hard; hard D．hardly; hard 5．Grace didn’t go home ________ she finished her homework.A．when B．until C．after D．while6．Our English teacher is a funny man. He often interesting stories to make us laugh.A．puts up B．cuts up C．makes up D．wakes up7．The parents in the country expect their children.A．hear from B．hear a letter from C．to hear from D．to hear a letter from 8．There ________ a wonderful football match next week.A．will have B．is going to have C．is going to be D．is9．Which is ________, Town Cinema, Screen City or Movie Palace?A．popular B．much popular C．the most popular D．more popular 10．Eric _______ football with me unless he _______ time tomorrow.A．won’t play; will have B．doesn’t play; has C．doesn’t play; will have D．won’t play; has二、完形填空Robots often appear in science fiction (科幻小说). The robots in those stories can oftenthink, listen, talk and 11 easily on two legs.12 robots are becoming more and more complex (复杂的), they are still not like fictional (科幻的) robots. In real life, robots come in different shapes and 13 . They can be tall, short, thin or fat. Some robots have long legs and are able to walk. Others move on wheels (轮子). They can be 14 or they can be very complex.Many robots look like humans and some of them can 15 speak, but they are very different from us in lots of 16 . They cannot see, hear or think by themselves. They cannot laugh or cry because they have no feelings (情感). Someone has to 17 them and decide what things they will be able to do.Robots make our lives easier. They don’t 18 doing dirty or difficult jobs, and can work for long hours without (不) getting tired or bored. Some robots work in very dangerous places—under the sea or 19 space.Scientists are making better robots all the time. One day probably every 20 will have its own robot to tidy bedrooms, do the dishes or do anything you tell it to do! Do you believe so?11．A．walk B．paint C．sleep D．fight12．A．If B．Because C．Although D．Before 13．A．ages B．shows C．sizes D．grades 14．A．simple B．famous C．heavy D．expensive 15．A．once B．only C．never D．even 16．A．ways B．ideas C．results D．places 17．A．reach B．build C．share D．believe 18．A．practice B．forget C．finish D．mind19．A．on B．to C．in D．by 20．A．school B．home C．library D．hospital三、阅读理解I’m Candy. I went on a trip to Paris this summer. I stayed there for two weeks with my mother.Going to Paris was very special for me because it was my first time on a plane! I was so excited and also a little afraid. My mother made all the plans. We didn’t book a hotel. Hotels are very expensive in Paris. We stayed at my aunt’s house near Paris, so I could visit the city every day with my mother.The weather was hot but I didn’t mind because there were so many things to do and I didn’t get bored! I loved it from the first day I arrived. It was a great feeling to walk in Paris. The city was like a big museum.First, we visited some very famous places like the Champs-Élysées and the Eiffel Tower. Then we went to the Louvre Museum. We saw one of the most famous paintings in the world—the “Mona Lisa”. At last, we took the train to visit Disneyland. We took lots of pictures. The best ride was Space Mountain.I had a wonderful time in Paris and I loved everything about this city. I will go there again next summer.21．Candy went to Paris ____________.A．one week ago B．two weeks ago C．with her aunt D．with her mother 22．What does the underlined word “book” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?A．设计B．装饰C．预订D．评价23．Candy took a lot of pictures in ___________.A．the Champs-Élysées B．the Eiffel TowerC．the Louvre Museum D．DisneylandDear students,We are going to have a spring fair (春季展销会) at school next Saturday. We are very excited. We hope that by the end of the event, we’ll have raised (募集)about 10,000 dollars. This will help build a new home for the old people in our town.Last year, 500 parents came to our event. This year, at least 50 percent of those parents will come with their young children. We need four student volunteers (志愿者) to do activities such as face painting and traditional games with the younger children.We also need student volunteers to work at the stands (货摊). We will have 14 stands. Six of the stands will sell cakes. Five of the stands will sell books. The other stands will sell modelcars and model planes.We really hope that you can help out at the spring fair. Please e-mail me at **************************************************.Sincerely,Larry SmithHeadmaster 24．What can’t we know from Paragraph 1?A．When to have the spring fair.B．Where to have the spring fair.C．Why to have the spring fair.D．How to have the spring fair.25．If you plan to be a volunteer, you need to___________by Friday.A．call Larry Smith B．e-mail Larry SmithC．go to Larry Smith’s office D．meet Larry Smith at his home26．In the e-mail, Larry Smith wants to___________.A．ask students for help B．say thanks to the volunteersC．show us what a spring fair is D．invite parents to the spring fairHow does the world spend its free time? Let’s have a look.Internet: People from Canada spend about 43.5 hours online every week, 8 hours longer than Americans. Canada has long cold winters so people spend lots of time at home.Outdoors: People from New Zealand spend most of their free time outdoors. The countryside is great for mountain climbing and water sports.Bars (酒吧): Spain has a lot of bars. In Spain, a bar is for families, not just drinkers. It’s a meeting place and often an eating place. When none of your family or friends are available, you can still go to a bar by yourself. People around you in the bar may ask you to join them.Museums: The UK has six of the top 20 most visited museums in the world, such as the National Gallery, the British Museum and Tate Modern.Parties: As for parties, most people will think of Brazil. Its carnival (狂欢节) is famous all around the world. Bangkok and Berlin are two of the best cities for partying. In Bangkok, you can meet friendly people and visit great nightclubs. In Berlin, you can enjoy beautiful music on the streets. Exercising: In Greece and Estonia, over 80 percent of people exercise every day. The Olympicsports are very popular in these two countries, but Estonia has a very special game: ice cricket. 27．How long do Americans spend online every week?A．About 35.5 hours.B．About 43.5 hours.C．About 51.5 hours.D．About 59.5 hours.28．How do people from New Zealand spend most of their free time?A．Having parties.B．Visiting museums.C．Using the Internet.D．Doing outdoor activities.29．What does the underlined word “available” mean?A．Quick.B．Free.C．Popular.D．Funny.30．What do we know from the article?A．The weather in Canada is terrible.B．Tate Modern is a museum in the UK.C．People from Brazil often play ice cricket.D．People can enjoy music on the streets in Bangkok.四、任务型阅读Sometimes it can feel like getting along with your parents is impossible. However, they are perhaps your best teachers, and will likely influence (影响) many of the decisions you make. If you are feeling like you and your parents can’t get on the same page, take steps to try to understand them better.You should make time for your parents. Your parents won’t always be around, so spend time with them while you are able to. This doesn’t mean just sitting in front of the TV together. Instead, find activities to do together. In doing this, you will learn more about what your parents enjoy doing.In order to understand your parents better, you have to spend time talking with them. Use this time to learn about their different hobbies, opinions and beliefs. When you are talking with your parents, make sure you are listening. If you are on your cell phone, listening to music, or on the computer, then stop what you are doing when they are talking to you. It can be really difficult to talk to someone when you feel that they are doing something else.Trust your parents. When you have problems, you may ask your parents for help. Becausethey have more experience and are always there to help you.1~2题完成句子；3~5题简略回答。

2019-2020学年石家庄第二十一中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATry one of these amazing destinations on your next vacation.MallorcaOn the popular Spanish island of Mallorca, farmhouse inns focus more on providing isolation and quietness than offering hands-on farming experiences. With millions of visitors staying on the beaches of Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands each summer, a little bit of isolation is a good thing for aloneness-seeking travelers. Mainly located in the hills of inland Mallorca, these inns range from rustic century-old farmhouses to luxury(奢侈的) villas with spas and swimming pools.HawaiiPeople who don't want to dig out their passport but still want their farm adventure can head to the island of Hawaii. The 50th state talks much about the well-developed farm tourism industry that can hold people with different interests. Agritourism choices range from visiting coffee plantations(种植园) in the Big Island's Kona region to exploring the plantations on Maui to staying on farms on the easily reachable island of Oahu. CaliforniaCalifornia is one ofthe best places in the U. S. to enjoy a farm-stay, thanks to the diversity of crops and farms. Small family farms and large farms offer a more hands-on approach to agritourism. Many of them teach small-scale farming techniques and even offer strategies for organic growing. The University of California system, one of the largest state-run higher education systems in the U.S., has a small-farm program that helps growers create agritourism businesses.Philippine IslandsWith diverse conditions on different islands, the Philippine Islands are ideal places for visiting multiple agritourism sites or focusing on one product. Tourists can visit a huge pineapple plantation for a taste of large-scale agriculture, or they could focus on smaller operations such as bee farms, and even small plantations that specialize in growing tropical produce such as dragon fruit.1. What kind of people will choose to go to Mallorca?A. Those who prefer peace of mind.B. Those who like lying on the beach.C. Those who enjoy the luxury of tourism.D. Those who want to experience farming.2. What can people do on the Philippine Islands?A. Live in farmhouses.B. Visit plantations.C. Learn farming techniques.D Take part in a farm program.3. What are the four places in the text famous for?A. Locations.B. Environments.C. Local products.D. Tourism features.BThink ofJapanin the spring and the image that comes to mind is likely the country’s famous cherry blossoms, also known as “Sakura” — white and pink flowers, blooming across cities and mountains.The flowers, which experience a “peak bloom” that only lasts a few days, have been loved inJapanfor more than a thousand years. Crowds celebrate with viewing parties,flockingto the most popular locations to take photos and have picnics underneath the branches.But this year, cherry blossom season has come and gone in the blink of an eye, in one of the earliest blooms on record. Scientists warn it’s a symptom of the larger climate crisis threatening ecosystems everywhere.Yasuyuki Aono, a researcher atOsakaPrefectureUniversity, has gathered records fromKyotoback to 812 AD from historical documents and diaries. In the central city ofKyoto, cherry blossoms peaked on March 26, the earliest in more than 1,200 years, Aono said. And in the capitalTokyo, cherry blossoms reached full bloom on March 22, the second-earliest date on record.The peak bloom dates shift every year, depending on numerous factors including weather and rainfall, but have shown a general trend of moving earlier and earlier. InKyoto, the peak date stayed around mid-April for centuries, but began moving into early April during the 1800s. The date has only dipped into late March a handful of times in recorded history.“Sakura blooms are very temperature sensitive,” said Aono. “Flowering and full bloom could be earlier or later depending on the temperature alone,” he said. “The temperature was low in the 1820s, but it has risen by about 3.5 degrees Celsius to this day.”This year’s seasons in particular influenced the blossom dates, he added. The winter was very cold, but the spring came fast and unusually warm.4. What is the best title of the passage?A. Cherry blossom celebrations.B. Warning of a climate crisis.C. A strong love for cherry blossom.D. Cherry blossom season coming earlier.5. What does the underlined word “flocking” mean?A. Blocking.B. Flooding.C. Running.D. Following.6. What can we infer from paragraph 5?A. The peak blossom dates fall on a fixed date.B. The cherry blossom rarely peaks in March.C. The peak bloom dates mainly depend on weather and rainfall.D. Cherry blossom peaks around mid-April inTokyo.7. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To inform people the date of cherry blossom.B. To show a study on cherry blossom dates.C. To present a Japanese tradition of cherry blossom celebration.D. To make people aware of the influence of climate change on cherry blossom.CWatching what you eat can be easier said than done, but a recent study shows it might not just be about what's on your plate — it could be about how quickly it disappears.Japanese researchers followed 1,083 adultsfor five years, splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate: slow, normal, and fast. They also answered a questionnaire at the beginning of the study, sharing their diet, physical activity, and medical history. In the beginning, none of the volunteers had metabolic syndrome (新陈代谢综合征) - meaning at least three risk factors — which can lead to health problems like heart conditions and diabetes.When the participants reported back five years later 84 had been diagnosed (诊断) with metabolic syndrome — and their eating speed was a major predictor, according to the results in the journal Circulation. The fast eaters were 89 percent more likely to have metabolic syndrome than slow and normal eaters. Just 2.3 percent of slow eaters received the diagnosis, compared to 11.6 percent of fast eaters. But that's not all. Fast eaters also saw more weight gain, larger waistlines, and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters.The researchers saygobblingmakes it easier not to take notice of fullness before your body has a chance to signal you to stop. “So when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat,” said Takayuki Yamaji, MD, study author and cardiologist at Hiroshima University in Japan in a statement.Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too. One study of New Zealand women found fast eaters have higher body-mass indexes (指数), and a Chinese study found that both healthy and fat men ate less when told to chew 40 times instead of 15 times before swallowing. Initial research even suggests chewing your food longer could bum more calories - up to about 1,000 extra every month.8. What are the participants divided by?A. Medical history.B. Health condition.C. Physical activity.D. Eating speed.9. Which may be the result of the study?A. Fast eaters are 4 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome.B. Normal and slow eaters don’t have metabolic illness.C. 89% of fast eaters have higher blood pressure.D. Slow caters are healthier than fast eaters.10. What does the underlined word “gobbling” in Paragraph 4 best mean?A. Tasting slowly.B. Digesting quickly.C. Eating greedily.D. Cooking carefully.11. What does the last paragraph tell us?A. The importance of eating speed.B. The advantage of eating slowly.C. The result of a Chinese study.D. Fast eating and overeating.DHumans have found an easy way to tell if others are lying. Recent research shows that the best way so far is being clever at how you ask questions and listen to the answers.Much of this research is based on the idea that telling a lie is simply harder mental work than telling the truth.Making up a story takes more effort than simply recording something that happened. And like a writer, a liar has to keep all the unreal details in his memory and sound believable when he explains them.One method that seems to work is asking them to tell their story in reverse order. This is harder when the story isn't true and makes it easier for you to tell they are lying. An even more basic way that helps is to just ask more questions, especially unexpected ones. Truth-tellers can easily find more to say, but it's a challenge for a liar to come up with something that's not in his prepared story.Researchers suggest that you shouldn't lay all your cards on the table at the start, but only gradually present what proof you have. The liars' stories may not agree with that proof, making it clear that they're lying.So it looks like there are ways to increase the chances of catching a liar; we've just been basing our methods on the wrong stories. Low-tech ways of causing people to make mistakes in conversation seem to work better than any science about eye movement or machines used to recognize a liar. To find a liar, watch less and listen more.12. Why does the author mention the writer?A. To show it's hard to make up lies.B. To show it's hard to recognise a liar.C. To show writers know liars best.D. To show writers are very clever.13. What do we know about liars?A. They often have much to say.B. They often ask many questions.C. They usually prepare a made-up story.D. They usually feel good about themselves.14. What advice is given to help people catch liars?A. Asking them to set their stories down.B. Presenting your proof one by one.C. Telling different stories to them.D. Letting them ask questions.15. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Why People LieB. How to Stop People LyingC. Low-tech Ways to Find a LiarD. LiarsAre Smarter than Thought第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。