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chapter翻译基本解释●chapter：章节，篇章●/ˈtʃæptər/●n. 章节，篇章变化形式●复数形式：chapters具体用法●名词:o意思: 章节，篇章o同义词: section, part, division, segment, portiono反义词: whole, entirety, total, aggregate, sumo例句：●The book is divided into ten chapters, each focusing on adifferent aspect of the subject. (这本书分为十个章节，每个章节都专注于该主题的不同方面。
)●In the first chapter, the author introduces the main charactersand sets the scene for the story. (在第一章中，作者介绍了主要人物并为故事设定了场景。
)●Each chapter of the report provides detailed analysis andinsights into the data collected. (报告的每一章都对收集的数据进行了详细分析和见解。
)●The final chapter of the novel brings all the storylinestogether in a dramatic conclusion. (小说的最后一章将所有故事情节汇聚在一起，形成戏剧性的结局。
)●The history book includes chapters on ancient civilizations,the Middle Ages, and modern history. (这本历史书包括关于古代文明、中世纪和现代历史的章节。
)●Students are required to read the first three chapters beforethe next class. (学生们需要在下节课前阅读前三章。
Chapter One第一章An Outline of Agriculture大纲农业I. Introduction介绍Agriculture, art, science, and industry of managing the growth of plants and animals for human use. In a broad sense agriculture includes cultivation of the soil, growing and harvesting crops, breeding and raising livestock, dairying, and forestry.农业、艺术、科学和工业的管理植物的生长和动物以供人类使用。
在广义上包括土壤的农业种植和收割庄稼,生长、繁殖和提高家畜、乳品、和林业。
Modern agriculture depends heavily on engineering and technology and on the biological and physical sciences. Irrigation, drainage, conservation, and sanitary engineering—each of which is important in successful farming—are some of the fields requiring the specialized knowledge of agricultural engineers.现代农业的发展在很大程度上依赖于工程、科技和对生物和物理科学。
灌溉、排水、保育和卫生工程其中的每一个都是重要的农业是成功的一些领域专业知识的要求农业工程师。
Agricultural chemistry deals with other vital farming concerns, such as the application of fertilizer, insecticides, and fungicides, soil makeup, analysis of agricultural products, and nutritional needs of farm animals.农业化学与其他重要的农业问题,比如的应用及杀菌剂、杀虫剂、肥料、土壤妆,分析农业产品,和营养需求的农场里的动物。
An Applied Course in English-Chinese Translation Skills and Practice实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Definition of Translation)1.2 翻译的原则(Principles of Translation)忠实(Faithfulness)通顺(Smoothness)1.3 翻译的基本步骤(Basic Steps in Translation)a. 原文理解（Comprehension of Source Texts)•词义确定（Determination of Word Meaning)It is quite another story now.The officials concerned refused to confirm the story in the Post.The white-haired girl's story is one of the saddest.A young man came to police station with a story.•语法分析（Grammatical Analysis)W hile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.•逻辑判断（Logical Judgement)H e bought a picture of the house which many people thought to be replica.•文体把握（Understanding of Style)旅游景点警示语：路滑, 小心跌倒！译1：The road is slippery, fall down carefully！译2：The path is so slippery that you should be careful not to fall down.译3：Slippery // Wet path！b.译文表达（Expression of Target Texts)c. 译文校核(Proofreading of Target Texts)1.4 翻译的主要方法（Major Translation Approaches)a. 直译法（Literal Translation）p aper tigerl ose facer unning dogG ood to begin well, better to end well.b. 意译法（Free Translation）Q ueen’s Englishs mall talkr eceive glove moneyE very life has its roses and thorns．c. 归化法（Domestication）b lack sheepa s timid as a hared.异化法（Foreignization）1.5 翻译的常用技巧（Practical Translation Skills)异&选择（Choice of Word Meaning)一词多义（Polysemous Words）•New homes are for sale.•I’ll see her home tonight.•He’s at home with classics.•Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.a. 语境与词义（Context and Word Meaning）A caller to the broadcasting station claimed responsibility for the bombing.T hroughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.b.词性与词义（Word Class and Word Meaning）M y room was big, light and looked out on the East lake.H e lighted his cigarette, said good night, and went on.c.文体与词义（Style and Word Meaning）•United States Declaration of Independence：He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.•The third power of 2 is 8.2.2 引申翻译a. 具体化引申翻译（Extension from the Abstract or General Words to the Concrete Words)•抽象名词的具体化（Concreteness fromAbstract Nouns)T he car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.T he administration was free from corruption.•概括词语的具体化（Concreteness from General Words）A nimal waste is the best food for the soil.T he weather has a great effect on the farmer¡¯s work and the products of his work.b. 概括化引申翻译（Extension from the Concrete or Special Words to the General Words)H e was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.M y father is the bread earner.2.3 增补翻译(Addition)a. 语法增补（Grammatical Addition)•动词的增补（Addition of Verbs)I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.A fter the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he went home tiredly.•量词的增补（Addition of Measure Words)A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.T he carefully planned party turned out to be a bad dream.•时态词的增补（Addition of Words Denoting Tenses)T he tutor had taught the girl to play the piano.T he old man said, “They say his father was ¡°a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”译文：老头儿说: “听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。
译林版七年级上册英语课文翻译Unit1 This is me !第6页部分1 0h, I love e-dogs.哦，我喜欢电子狗。
2 I'm Eddie. What's your name?我是埃迪。
你叫什么名字？ My name is Hobo.我的名字叫霍波。
3 Are you my master?你是我的主人吗 Yes, I am.是的，我是。
4 Good. Now read this book.好。
现在读这本书。
How to Look After Your E-dog如何照顾你的电子狗New school, new friends 新学校，新朋友This is the first day at Sunshine Middle School. Let's get to know some of the new students.这是阳光中学的第一天。
让我们了解一些新学生。
Task: Introduce yourself to your classmates.任务：把你自己介绍给你的同学们。
Unit1 Welcome to the unit A部分课文翻译The new students in Class 1, Grade 7 at Sunshine Middle School are greeting each other. Read what they say. 阳光中学七年级一班的新同学们在互相问候。
阅读他们所说的话。
Good morning. I'm Amy. 早上好。
我是埃米。
Hi, I'm Simon.你好，我是西蒙。
Hello, I'm Millie.你好，我是米莉。
I'm Kitty.我是基蒂。
Hi, I'm Sandy. What's your name?你好，我是桑迪。
你叫什么名字？My name is Daniel.我叫丹尼尔。
牛津英语高一上chapterone牛津英语高一（上） chapter oneChapter OneThe Phantom of the OperaPeriod 1Background NoteThe Paris Opera House was built between 1861 and 1875., and it does have a lake of water underneath it.The French writer Gaston Leroux wrote his novel The Phantom of the Opera in 1911. This story of a mad musical genius and an innocent girl became very popular, and has inspired at least four film versions. The excellent stage musical (music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Lyrics by Charles Hart) was first performed in London in 1986 and has now appeared in many other big cities.Skimming and ScanningPeriod 2~3ReadingWords and Expressions1. phantom n.---a mysterious figure; a spirit 幽灵，鬼魂a phantom ship2. opera house n.--- a big theatre especially for opera, which is a form of art in whichthere is a play but all the words are sun，not spoken 歌剧院3. ugly adj.--- unpleasant to look at; extremely unattractive 丑陋 (anti. Beautiful)(plain: female’s not good-looking face)ugly smell/ sky/ duckling (丑小鸭)/ customer4. mask n.---something which covers most of your face 面具The robbers all wore masks so that no one could recognize them.5. force v. ---make (someone do something, against their will) 迫使，强迫force sb. to do sth. = force sb. into doingforce/ get/ expect/ want sb. to do sth.make/ let/ have sb. do sth.forced landing紧急迫降n．[U] by force凭暴力[C] forces军队武装the forces of a country； the air forcesthe Royal Air Forces of Great Britain6. Strong enough to kill with his hands, and yet he loved music and sang with a wonderful voice.强壮得足以徒手杀戮, 然而他还酷爱音乐,并能用美秒的嗓音歌唱.But/ and yet表示转折 He is old, and yet he he jogs every day.Though he was strong enough to kill with his hands, he loves music and sang with a wonderful voice.Unable to work out the problem, John turned to his teacher for help. (形容词短语作状语)7. power: n. ability to control to control sb. or sth.能力: the power of hearing/ to imitate human wordsout of/beyond one’s power 力所不及权利, 支配力: come into power执政; political power政权;fight for powder争权; power politics强国: Japan is among the great economic powers in the world.有影响的人: He is a power in this town.动力: electric power, water powergain/ get/ lose power overgain one’s respect/ wealth/ experience/8. role n. a part in a play or filmCharles Liang played the role of Harmlet in our school play.a leading role; the main rolen. play an important role in 起重要作用The USA plays an important role in international relations.9. Some place + be crowded with 挤满了……crowd v. 涌入When the opera ended, all the audience crowded into the street immediately.crowd n. 人群 the crowda crowd waiting for the show10. obey v.---do what someone ordered; follow instructions 服从，遵守obey/ observe the traffic rules/ regulations11. angel n. --- a messenger sent from God 天使12. chandelier n.---a very big lamp, made of many pieces of glass to reflect the light 枝形吊灯13. kidnap v. --- take someone as a prisoner by unlawful force and against one’s will(usually to make other people pay money to have them released) 绑架，劫持Three men kidnapped a millionaire’s son, and forced his father to pay them a lot of money.kidnapping, kidnapper14. capture v. ---catch; make (someone) a prisoner 捕获；浮虏15. shock v.--- to cause usu. unpleasant or angry surprise to 使震惊be shocked at: I was shocked at her death.n. 电震,电击If you touch that live wire, you will get a shock.n. [C] 休克, 震惊Th e news of her mother’s death is a horrible shock to her.16. lonely adj.---feeling sad because you are alone or have no close friendscf. alone 寂寞的，孤独的`e.g. Though he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.17. release v.--- set free; allow sb. to go 释放release sb. from …release a man from prisonrelease a bombv. allow (news) to be known 发布新闻allow (a film) to be exhibited or (goods) to be placed on sale recently released films/ discs18. magically adv.---in a strange way which we cannot explain 神奇地magic n.& a. 魔法; 有魔力的(作定语)magical a. 有魔力的(作定语或表语)magician n. 魔术师The magician pulled a white rabbit out of his hat magically.19. burst v. ---break violently; move suddenly 冲，胀裂Some of the crowd burst through the force and ran onto the football pitch.burst into + n./burst out + gerundburst into tears/ laughter (burst out crying/ laughing) (突然)哭了/笑了burst into/ out of the roomburst in 插嘴Don’t bet him burst in.突然出现 He will be bursting in on us at any moment.Language Points in Reading1. Underneath the building there was a strange, dark lake. 倒装2. In the middle of this lake was an island, and on that island, one hundred years ago, lived the phantom. 倒装3. Strong enough to kill with his hands, and yet he loved music and sang with a wonderful voice.4. By now, a group of other people had reached thePhantom’s house, and burst in, ready ot kill him.Difficult Sentences in Reading1. The Paris Opera House was a huge building, with seventeen floors, of which seven were below the ground.of which seven were below the ground 非限制性定语从句which指代seventeen floors在此注意below的用法2. sing with a wonderful voice 用完美的嗓音唱3. Christine’s kiss made him cry with joy. Christine的吻令他喜极而泣Period 4Language倒装Inversion一、倒装的种类1. 完全倒装（complete inversion）整个谓语动词全部移到前面 (主谓一致)e.g. Here comes the bus.“ …” said John. = he said.On the stair lay a bottle of aspirins.2. 部分倒装 (partial inversion)只把助动词、情态动词、系动词或表语放在主语之前。
