美国文学T.S.Eliot

• 库米 · 西比尔是希腊神话中的著名女相士， 在维吉尔的《依尼德》中，这个女相士 带领依尼斯通过了地狱，阿婆罗准予她 永生，但她忘记了要求永葆青春，所以 她最后变成一个不生不死的干瘪的老太 婆。这个女相士老太婆的形象本身就是 现代“荒原”的化身。
1. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD
• 3. The poet should draw upon tradition: use the past to serve the resent and future( the past, present, future interrelate), borrow from authors remote in time, alien in language, diverse in interest, use the past to underscore what is missing from the present.
Thomas Stearns Eliot
A poet, dramatist, literary cHe was born in Missouri on September 26, 1888. He lived in St. Louis during the first eighteen years of his life and attended Harvard University. • In 1910, he left the United States for the Sorbonne, having earned both undergraduate and masters degrees and having contributed several poems to the Harvard Advocate. • After a year in Paris, he returned to Harvard to pursue a doctorate in philosophy, but returned to Europe and settled in England in 1914.

He was educated between 1906 and 1910 at Harvard University, where he studied philosophy, which Eliot adopted and reflected in his poetry. He was influenced by anti-
T.S. Eliot (1888-1965)
T.S. Eliot was born in the United States in 1888, settled down in London in 1915 and became a British citizen in 1927, so his works are considered a part of both national literatures. He was a poet, playwright, and literary critic.As the most influential poet, he stands at the foremost place to 20thcentury poetry.
From 1917 to 1919 he was assistant editor of The Egoist , a magazine advocating the Imagist Movement. In 1921 his marriage was a failure and then he went to Switzerland to receive medical treatment. Two months later he gave Ezra Pound the manuscript of The Waste Land. In 1927 he was received into the

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• 1915: The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock • 《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 • 1922: The Wasteland • 《荒原》 • 1935-1942: Four Quartets • 《四个四重奏》 • 1935: Murder in the Cathedral • 《大教堂谋杀案》 • 1939: Family Reunion • 《合家团聚》 • 1949: The Cocktail Party
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Subtitles
• The Burial of the Dead 死者葬礼 • A Game of Chess 对弈 • The Fire Sermon 火诫 • Death by Water 水里的死亡 • What Thunder Said 雷霆的话
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Quotation beneath the Title
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The Waste Land
• a 434-line modernist poem published in 1922
• It has been called “one of the most important poems of the 20th century.”
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The Waste Land consists of five discontinuous segments, each composed of fragments incorporating multiple voices and characters, literary and historical allusions, bits and pieces of contemporary life, myths and legends. The central theme---desperation Although it gestured toward religious belief ,The Waste Land was not an affirmative or religious poem; the desperate quest for regeneration in a cacophonous, desolate landscape remains unfulfilled.

• 四月最残忍，从死了的 土地滋生丁香，混杂着 回忆和欲望，让春雨 挑动着呆钝的根。 冬天保我们温暖，把大地 埋在忘怀的雪里，使干了 的 球茎得一点点生命。 夏天来得意外，随着一阵 骤雨 到了斯坦伯吉西；我们躲 在廊下， 等太阳出来，便到郝夫加 登
• 1 － 7 行：通过春天和冬天对比的描写， 反映出荒原上已经没有生存的条件，即 使是春天也依然是缺乏生机，毫无希望， 人们挣扎在过去与未来的虚幻世界之中。
• 去喝咖啡，又闲谈了一点 钟。 我不是俄国人，原籍立陶 宛，是纯德国种。 我们小时侯，在大公家做 客， 那是我表兄，他带我出去 滑雪撬， 我害怕死了。他说，玛丽， 玛丽， 抓紧了呵。于是我们冲下 去。 在山中，你会感到舒畅。 我大半夜看书，冬天去到 南方。
• 8 － 18 行：诗人在此反映了上流社会人们的生 活。艾略特提到两个具体地点：斯坦伯格西和 哈夫珈屯，它们代表欧洲中部的现代荒原。 “我不是俄国人 ……” 说明这些人都是一战后 的一些“无根”(rootless)的流浪者，他们毫无 目的地从北到南，四季到处游山逛水，或进咖 啡馆和咖啡，闲聊往事，或在山里滑雪，或夜 里读书，寒冬就到温暖的南方去过冬。这些都 是当时欧洲社会上有闲阶级或流浪者们生活的 方式和全部内容。他们精神空虚，毫无目的， 生活无聊，只是沉浸在回忆之中。
1. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD
死者的葬礼
• And drank coffee, and talked for an hour. Bin gar keine Russin, stamm' aus Litauen, echt deutsch. And when we were children, staying at the archduke's, My cousin's, he took me out on a sled, And I was frightened. He said, Marie, Marie, hold on tight. And down we went. In the mountains, there you feel free. I read, much of the night, and go south in the winter.