改革后英语四级新题型总结一览

四级的题型变化有哪些大学英语四级考试（CET-4）对于许多大学生来说是一项重要的英语能力测试。

随着教育理念的更新和社会对英语应用能力要求的变化，四级考试的题型也在不断调整和改变。

接下来，让我们详细探讨一下四级考试题型的变化。

听力部分的变化较为显著。

以往，听力可能更侧重于短对话和短文听力，而如今，长对话和篇章听力的比例有所增加。

这意味着考生需要在更长的听力材料中捕捉关键信息，对听力的专注力和信息处理能力要求更高。

同时，听力材料的内容也更加多样化，涵盖了学术、社会、文化等多个领域，不再局限于常见的日常生活场景。

这就要求考生具备更广泛的知识背景和词汇量，以便更好地理解听力内容。

阅读部分的题型也有所调整。

传统的阅读理解题型中，细节理解题和主旨大意题的比例可能相对固定。

但现在，推理判断题和语义猜测题的比重逐渐上升。

这需要考生不仅仅是读懂文章表面的意思，更要能够深入理解作者的意图，进行逻辑推理和分析。

而且，阅读材料的题材更加丰富，包括科技、人文、环保等热门话题，篇幅也有所增加。

这就考验了考生的阅读速度和理解深度，同时也对词汇量和语法知识提出了更高的要求。

写作部分的变化主要体现在命题形式上。

过去可能更多的是给定一个具体的话题，让考生进行阐述。

而现在，题目更加灵活多样，可能会给出一段材料、一幅图表或者一个观点，要求考生进行分析和评论。

这种变化要求考生具备更强的批判性思维和分析问题的能力，能够清晰地表达自己的观点，并提供有力的论据支持。

此外，对于语言的准确性和多样性也有更高的标准，避免重复和单一的表达。

翻译部分的变化也值得关注。

以前可能更多的是一些常见的句子翻译，而现在则倾向于段落翻译。

翻译的内容不再局限于日常生活场景，而是涉及到中国的历史、文化、社会等多个方面。

这就要求考生对中国的特色词汇和表达方式有一定的了解和掌握，同时要能够灵活运用所学的英语语法和词汇，将中文准确、流畅地翻译成英文。

总之，四级考试的题型变化反映了对考生英语综合应用能力要求的不断提高。

2023年大学英语四、六级考试新题型调整的说明2023年大学英语四、六级考试新题型调整的说明调整后六级听力部分的试题结构见下表：测试内容测试题型题量分值比例长对话2篇选择题(单选)8题8%(每题1分)听力篇章2篇选择题(单选)7题7%(每题1分)讲座/讲话3篇选择题(单选)10题20%(每题2分)1、六级听力之不变原来的长对话题型不变，依然是2篇。

但题目数量由7道题增至8题，依然每题1分;篇章听力题型不变，但题目数量由原来的3篇共10道题减少至2篇共7题，每题1分。

题型及难度没有变化，考生可参考旧题。

2、六级听力之变化短对话取消，听写取消。

增加讲座/讲话题型3篇共10道题，每题2分，是六级听力考试乃至全卷的关键。

下面我们就来详细解析一下新题型：Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.16. A) They investigate the retirement homes in America.B) They are on issues facing senior citizens in America.C) They describe the great pleasures of the golden years.D) They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.17. A) The loss of the ability to take care of himself.B) The feeling of not being important any more.C) Being unable to find a good retirement home.D) Leaving the home he had lived in for 60 years.18. A) The loss of identity and self-worth.B) Fear of being replaced or discarded.C) Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.D) The possession of wealth and high respect.19. A) The urgency of pension reform.B) Medical care for senior citizens.C) Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.D) The development of public facilities for senior citizens.原文：Moderator:Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for todays session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller:Dr. Miller: Thank you for that introduction. Today, Id like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. It was,in my grandfathers own words, like having a limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasnt important anymore.For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years”are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only ones health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old” calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, Id like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.First of all, Id like to talk about . . .16. What does the introduction say about Dr. Howard Millers articles and books?17. What is the greatest fear of Dr. Millers grandfather?18. What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years” can often mean?19. What is the focus of Dr. Millers speech?解：这是一篇关于老龄化社会，老年人的晚年生活等问题的演讲。

一 新老题型对比分析 老四级包括5大部分：一是听力理解20题20分，时间20分钟；二是阅读理解20题40分，时间35分钟；三是词汇用法与语法结构30题15分，时间20分钟；四是完形填空或简答或英译汉，20题或5题，共10分，时间15分钟；最后是写作1题15分，时间30分钟。

合计91题，100分，时间120分钟。

新四级由四大部分构成：听力理解时间35分钟，包括两个部分：听力对话占15%，含8个短对话共8道多项选择题和2个长对话共7道多项选择题；听力短文占20%：含3篇短文理解共10道多项选择题和一篇短文复合式听写共8词3句。

听力理解占总分的35%，合计249分。

阅读理解时间40分钟，分为两个部分：仔细阅读理解时间25分钟，占25%，含两个小部分(篇章阅读理解包括2篇文章10道多项选择题；篇章词汇理解或短句问答是一篇文章，考法是15选10的选词填空或简答)；快速阅读理解时间15分钟，占10%，包括是非判断7题及句子填空或其它3题。

阅读理解占总分的35%，合计149分。

完形填空或改错时间15分钟，1篇文章，20道多项选择题或改错，占总分的10%，合计70分。

写作和翻译时间35分钟，分为两个部分：写作时间30分钟，占15%，共106分；中译英时间5分钟，占5%，共36分。

合计20%，142分。

通过对比，我们发现：新四级60%的题型沿用了老四级题型，加入了40%的新题型。

题型增加，题量加大，速度要求加快；但同时每种题型的难度降低。

新四级考试取消了词语用法和语法结构、英译汉两种过时题型，而完型填空和写作没有任何变化。

听力的比例提高到35%，短对话、短文理解和短文听写沿用了老四级的题型，只有长对话是新题型，只是题材选用对话、讲座、广播电视节目等更具真实性的材料。

阅读部分下降为35%，其中篇章阅读理解沿用了老四级题型，篇章词汇理解和快速阅读是新题型。

同时增加了英译汉和六级的改错题型。

同时，从2005年6月起，四级考试成绩开始采用满分为710分的计分体制，不设及格线；成绩报道方式由考试合格证书改为成绩报告单，即考后向每位考生发放成绩报告单，报道内容包括：总分及听力、阅读、完型或改错、写作四项单项分。

大学英语四级新题型讲解：总述：新样题的考试内容将包括写作（及翻译）、快速阅读及仔细阅读、听力、综合测试（完型填空或改错）等大四部分。

考试各部分测试内容、题型和所占比例如下表所示：需要提醒考生注意的是，新题型考试的整个过程也作了相应调整。

写作30分钟快速阅读15分钟听力35分钟仔细阅读25分钟完型填空15分钟翻译（汉译英）5分钟整个考试时间共长125分钟。

1）写作部分：包括短文写作（15%）和句子汉译英（5%），所占比重20%，占总分710分的142分。

根据考试大纲，题裁可能会涉及记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，但是从近几年的考试特点来看，多种题裁的结合，尤其是应用文等形式的写作应该是考试的重点方向。

从过去几年的作文内容和新增设翻译（汉译英）部分来看，都充分体现了“侧重考查考生实际英语运用能力”，可以肯定地说，曾经一度流行的“三段论”模式不会再频繁出现。

2）听力部分：题量和比例，增加快速阅读理解测试大大增加，考试时间长度增加了15分钟（旧题型约为20分钟），占249分，充分体现了新教学大纲规定的“听读并重”的原则。

旧题型短对话8题，内容与难度与老题型相当。

新题型长对话2篇长对话，共7个问题。

旧题型短文听力：包括3篇短文多项选择题和一篇复合式听力（compound dictation）。

3）阅读部分：新四级在测试阅读能力方面手段丰富，主要表现在提醒的多样化，这就对考生的阅读能力提出了更高的要求。

这个部分不仅考查理解能力、快速阅读技巧、篇章综合把握能力。

一句话，难度大大提高，充分体现了考试大纲中所说的：阅读和运用想结合的特点。

内容包括：仔细阅读部分（careful reading）占25%。

这个部分由两个部分组成：旧题型多项选择题：从过去的4篇改为2篇。

新题型选词填空为：从一篇220字左右的文章中，留出10个单词的空格，从给出的15个备选单词中选出10个填入文章相应处，使文章意思通顺，表达正确。

这部分主要考察考生对词汇的认知和语法的理解。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语四级听力新题型解析及答题技巧英语四级听力新题型解析及答题技巧从2016年开始，英语四级听力部分题型有了一些改变，针对这种改变我们应该如何有针对性的进行备考，今天我们来讲一讲关于听力部分题型改变之新增题型——短篇新闻类答题技巧。

一、四级听力题型变化自2016年6月考试起，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会将对四级考试的听力试题作局部调整。

调整的相关内容说明如下：1.取消短对话。

2.取消短文听写。

3.新增短篇新闻(3段)，每段设置2—3个小题，共7题，每小题1分，新闻长度130—190词。

4.长对话(2段)由原来的共7题调整为共8题，每小题1分，对话长度不变。

5.短文理解(3段)题型不变，分值由原来的'每小题1分调整为每小题2分。

6.考试时间由原来的35分钟减为25分钟。

二、新闻英语文体特点(一) 新闻报道“六大要素”新闻报道里的“六大要素”即常说的“人物(who)、时间(when)、地点(where)、事件(what)、原因(why)和方式(how)”。

在英语短新闻或内容提要中至少包括其中三个要素：who，what和when，这些是新闻报道中最具价值的三要素。

(二) 倒金字塔结构所谓倒金字塔结构，也称为倒叙法，即按新闻事实重要程度由要点到细节逐步扩展，安排全文。

倒金字塔结构把最重要的事实置于全文的第一句中，即新闻导语(the news lead)。

导语告知听众最新鲜、最关心、最重要的事实，如事件(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)以及原因(why)和方式(how)。

新闻导语是对整条新闻内容的高度概括，听懂了导语，也就听懂了新闻的主要内容。

当然，由于新闻报道的侧重点不同，有时新闻导语可能只包含其中的几个要素。

(三) 新闻英语词汇特点1.常用词汇表示特殊含义新闻报道常使用某些常见词汇来表达事实和事件，这些词汇经过长期使用逐渐取得与新闻报道相联系的特殊意义，成为新闻体词语(journalistic words)。

对大学英语四级考试新题型的分析关键词：大学英语；考试变化；备考技巧；分析大学英语四级考试是引导学生学习英语、检验学生英语能力的重要方式，根据《全国大学生英语四六级考试改革方案》进行的四级考试新题型试卷，进行多方面的改革，在考试内容和形式上了有了很大的突破，改革了分数的报道方式，改革了考试和管理体制，强化考务管理，最为重要的是考试内容和形式。

改革后的新题型对于大学英语教学会有何指导意义，高校教学又该如何组织实施英语教学以适应当前新题型的变化。

一、大学英语四级考试变化分析1.提高听力比重在新题型试卷的设计安排中，听力所占的比重由20%上升到35%，具体的题型也分为短对话、长对话、短文章、复合式听写四种。

在第一部分中，8个小对话和2个长对话组成，突出交际交流情境；第二部分则由3个短篇文章组成；第三部分称作复合式听写。

同时，增设了长对话听力，设置难度在小对话和短文章之间，每个长对话共有34道试题。

题量增加，比重加大，考试时间延长（由原来的20分钟变为35分钟），共占249分，充分体现了新大纲对英语教学“听读并重”的原则。

2.增设快速阅读阅读能力是大学生的一项最为基本的能力，新型大学四级英语考试在检测阅读能力方面手段更加丰富多样，主要表现为题型设置的多样化，这对学生的英语阅读能力提出了更高的要求。

意在考查考生对英语文段的整体把握能力、理解能力，掌握快速阅读的基本技巧。

阅读的比重从以前的比重降为35%，其中仔细阅读的份额占比变为20%，从具体数量上减少了两篇，题型还是学生比较熟悉的四选一。

同时，增加了新的阅读考查方式——选词填空和快速阅读，选词填空的阅读是新型考查形式，从一篇220字符左右的英语文段中，空出10个空让学生从15个单词选项中选出10个最佳答案；另外，给出一篇1200字符左右的英语文段，要求学生在15分钟内快速阅读，并根据理解对文段后的7道判断题判定正误，三道填空题根据文段填空。

这种改变一言以蔽之，大大提高阅读难度，通过试题考查引导学生根据教学大纲要求，把阅读和想象结合起来，增强学生的理解能力。

2023年8月英语专业四级改革新题型（样卷）PART 1 DICTATION [10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, youshould read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have thirty seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation One.1. A. The return trip is too expensive.B . There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.…Conversation Two6. A. Going to the high street. B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.7. A. 3%. B. 33%.C. 42%.D. 24%.8. A. They want to know more about pricing.B. They can return the product later.C. They want to see the real thing first.D. They can bargain for a lower shop price.…PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ______?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you12.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is coming.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.13.It is not so much the language ______ the cultural background that makes the film difficult tounderstand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as14.There is no doubt ______ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when15.If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ______ able to advise you much better than Ican.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were16.Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)?A. Drink.B. Close.C. Rain.D. Belong.17.Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.18.Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girls.B. Few words.C. This work.D. A bit of flowers.19.When one has good health, ______ should feel fortunate.A. youB. sheC. heD. we20.There ______ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being21.Bottles from this region sell ______ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together22.The product contains no ______ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong23.______ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair inthe city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic24.The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. Theunderlined part means ______.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still25.His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlines part meansall the following EXCEPT ______.A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for26.The doctor said that the gash in his cheek required ten stitches. The underlined part means______.A.B.C.D.27.During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and ______ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside28.To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities includingconferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means ______.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest29.His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means ______.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative30.These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means ______.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fullyPART IV CLOZE [10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. asB. aimlessC. botherD. fastE. flightsF. helplessG. labor-savingH. levels I. money-saving J. pause K. quite L. stand by M. standstillN. traffic O. trappedElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and (31) ______ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the character of every modern city. In the home, many (32) ______ devices are powered by electricity. Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are (33) ______ asleep, electricity is still working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains and subways take us to and from work. We rarely (34) ______ to consider why or how they run—until something goes wrong．In the summer of 1959, something did go wrong with power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a (35) ______. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, powerless to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough not to be (36) ______ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down (37) ______of stairs．Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in an instant becameas gloomy and uninviting (38) ______ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to (39) ______ in case of emergency. they were just as confused and (40) ______ as anybody else.PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONEInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our heads, we’re increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you’re looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory –and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available – is changing our cognitive habits. Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don’t know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find in formation again later on, we don’t remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers’ final observation: the expectation that we’ll he able to locate information down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we’ll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these factsc an’t be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, “factual knowledge must precede skill,” says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia – meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren’t over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You ca n’t Google context.Last, there’s the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines will fail us. As Sparrow puts it, “The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend.” If you’re going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it’s fully charged.41. Google’s eyeglasses are supposed to ____.A. improve our memoryB. function like memoryC. help us see faces betterD. work like smart phones42. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research is CORRECT?A. We remember people and things as much as before.B. We remember more Internet connections than before.C. We pay equal attention to location and content of information.D. We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.43. What is the implied message of the author?A. Web connections aid our memory.B. People differ in what to remember.C. People keep memory on smart phones.D. People need to exercise their memory.PASSAGE TWOI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university’s philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending – a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren’t in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn’t have much recent hos pital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He’d just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn’t seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on.“It’s really hot in here, Doc,” he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, “Code Blue Room 307!” blared from the loudspeaker.I froze.That was Mr. Adams’s room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thin g was: I hadn’t read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what’s particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naïve as I, and how many more will?44. We learn that the author’s team members had _____.A. much practical experienceB. adequate knowledgeC. long been working thereD. some professional deficiency45. “His symptoms had been textbook” means that his symptoms were ______.A. part of the textbookB. no longer in the textbookC. recently included in the textbookD. explained in the textbook46. At the end of the passage, the author expresses ____ about the medical education systemA. optimismB. hesitationC. concernD. supportPASSAGE THREEThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation’s greatest public health success stories – but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states – Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama, to name just a few – seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation’s attitude on smoki ng. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you’ve won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack – three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York’s. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking – far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.47. According to the context, “Their failure” refers to _____.A. those adults who continue to smokeB. those states that missed the messageC. findings of the reportD. hazards of smoking48. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.B. The effects of the report on smoking and health.C. Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.D. The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.PASSAGE FOURAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not “spoil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums(发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don’t give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment Parenting is not “afraid of tears” parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And our children understand this too. They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be “rewarded” for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it isour job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don’t avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children. In fact, I’m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The “attachment” comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless parenting. We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves,Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover. I supervise, I follow, I teach, I de monstrate, I explain. I don’t slap curious hands away, I show how to do things safely, I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust. I don’t insist that my 23 month old hold my ha nd when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative thi ngs that I hear about “attachment parents” are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children need structure, rules, and boundaries. Attachment Parents simply believe that the child and the parent are allies, not adversaries, And that children are taught, not trained.49. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?A. Providing comfort and love.B. Trying to stop kids crying.C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.50. What does “free-range” mean according to the passage?A. Fond of providing a home base.B. Ready to play games with my kids.C. Curious to watch what games they play.D. Willing to give kids freedom of movement.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. According to the passage, what does “cognitive habits” refers to?PASSAGE TWO52. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?PASSAGE THREE53. What does “counting” mean in the context?54. What does the author think of raising tax on cigarettes?PASSAGE FOUR55. What does the passage mainly discuss?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Should we revive traditional Chinese characters or continue using simplified characters?This has been an intensely discussed question for years. The following are the supporters’and opponents’ opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。