2012考研英语基础班-语法和长难句精讲(郭崇兴)

2012年考研英语一答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C orD on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently.The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave likereputation for politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’sbeing independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes itless likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to thecode of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court andpolitics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. Theygave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have noneed to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politicsprecisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ asunjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is Come on –Everybody’swhat most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contendsthat peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action:In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets outto make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lamenessof many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,Dare to be different, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.”　please don’t smoke!”　p leads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’sHaze failed once presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against thestate funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peerlike the teacher who breaks up the groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’stroublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic neverlem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real really works. And that’s the probworld, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energysupplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced itwas reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge theconstitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep itsVermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporatio n bought Vermont’s onlynuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for thesale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006,the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’slicense be subject toVermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t fo what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about bothmanagement–especially after the company madeVermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’smisle ading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. Thelegal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have someregulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer aprecedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about thepatchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept itsword, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged thatit has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences.Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the UnitedStates, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the companyhas applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the NuclearRegulatory Commission (NRC) reviews th e company’s application, it should keep it mind whatpromises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will testmises.[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its pro[B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatt be affected.[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere migh[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observedand collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. Butin the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicatedroute. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience.Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean,and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deceptionabound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly stakedmining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance totransform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through whichthe individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlikewith mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex socialstructure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act asgatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit theirown purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery andpossibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, theinteraction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and thediscovery claim into the community’s credibletechnology involved transforms an individual’sdiscovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus onsome aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little rewardaccompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal isnew-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and crediblediscoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge andpotential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequentlyprovokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once describedButdiscovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.”　thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not changetheir views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted andappreciated.to a discovery claim –a process that corresponds to what In the end, credibility “happens”　philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together,challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American governmentWhen Hoffa’sworkers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s publ sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half ofpublic-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things downwithout suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright andwell-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, theynow dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Pa as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband,owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the PublicPolicy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. T eep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups onteachers’ unions khealth care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. Butthe real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded”　public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especiallypensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charterschools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty ofevidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’　unions havefought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. InWisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardlineRepublican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western John Donahue at Harvard’scivil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only Americanpublic-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and thepresident of the United States. Bankers’　fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.ttitude towards the public-sector system is one of40. John Donahue’s a[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise thatyou are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope,or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels.You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution.(42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of whatthey are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifyingthat content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing tomove beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape ourcollective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one formatbeing replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century,much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - andtelevision is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encouragethoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientificenterprise. In some ways, t his quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theoryof everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, thatsuch a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail,nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here,Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable tosuppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as thebewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection,perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed byuniversal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understandhow complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online todaysupplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider theevolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans areborn with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A fewgenerative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which iswhy children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifyingtraits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biasesthat result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that betweenthem represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns oflanguage change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. WhereasGreenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-orderrelations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of thelanguages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals[NxtPage]Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’ Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)Section Ⅰ Use of English2012年的完型填空是有关美国司法官伦理和政治关系的一篇文章，出自New York Times,一文。

学府师资力量雄厚，辅导教师自上世纪80年代末开始从事考研辅导培训，至今已有24年辅导历史，培养了一支以黄庆怀教授为代表的经验丰富、学术精湛、成果显著、全国知名的考研辅导团队，授课20多年来辅导考研学员已超过10万人。

教师姓名：徐之明【讲授科目】马克思主义基本原理概论（政经）【学术背景】中国人民大学国关学院资深教授，国家社科基金研究项目负责人之一，凤凰卫视访谈嘉宾，考研政治阅卷组成员。

【辅导地位】学者型的考研辅导专家，从事考研政治辅导十余年，理论功底极为深厚，在过去10余年间，共发表学术论文30余篇，合作出版著作10余部。

【授课特点】讲课高屋建瓴、深入浅出、通俗易懂，辅导脉络极为清晰，对考点把握准确，而且具有一般方法论层面的价值和启发，使学生在如沐春风的气氛中感受学习的乐趣和收获知识的充实。

英语教师姓名：肖克【讲授科目】阅读理解、完型填空、写作【学术背景】大连外国语大学副教授，原北京新东方学校考研英语主讲教师，多年从事考研英语辅导教学，有着丰富考研英语辅导经验，授课因强度大、节奏快、观点新而深受广大考生认可。

面对强手如云的考研辅导竞争，在短短几年间，创造了若干项业内奇迹，受到全国数十万考生的爱戴。

【辅导地位】考研英语界“抗遗忘第一人”，首创词汇风暴联想法，让学生在短时间之内掌握考研核心词汇。

深厚的知识底蕴、独到的语言魅力、飞扬的激情、敬业细致的上课方式赢得了众多学生的好评，成为考研英语界一个不可复制的传奇！【授课特点】“学院派”教师代表人物，教学严谨但不失轻松幽默，年轻但知识底蕴雄厚。

采用启发式教学，激发学生自身活力与潜力。

纯正地道的英语口语和对语言艺术的执着与热情塑造了一个年轻英语老师的完美典范。

教师姓名：郭崇兴【讲授科目】阅读理解、写作、翻译【学术背景】中国人民大学外国语学院著名英语教授，美国西雅图大学高材生，中国教育电视台考研节目特邀名师，18年来专业从事国内考研英语的研究与教学，具有极丰富的考研辅导经验。

2012年考研英语(一)阅读 text 2 精读精讲Preparing for the 2012 Graduate Entrance Examination English (I) Reading Text 2: In-Depth AnalysisThe 2012 Graduate Entrance Examination (GEE) English (I) reading section has always been a crucial component for aspiring postgraduate students. Text 2 in particular has been known to challenge test-takers with its depth and complexity. In this comprehensive analysis, we will delve into the intricacies of the text, explore the key themes, and uncover the strategies necessary to excel in this crucial part of the exam.Firstly, it is essential to understand the overall context and purpose of the passage. The 2012 GEE English (I) reading section aimed to assess the candidates' ability to comprehend and analyze complex academic texts. Text 2, specifically, focused on a topic that is relevant to the modern educational landscape - the role of technology in the classroom. The passage explores the various perspectives and debates surrounding the integration of digital tools and resources in the learning environment.One of the primary challenges presented by this text is itssophisticated vocabulary and dense academic discourse. The author employs a wide range of subject-specific terminology, ranging from "interactive whiteboards" to "multi-modal learning experiences." Mastering the meaning and usage of these terms is crucial for effectively understanding and interpreting the text. Candidates must familiarize themselves with the relevant educational and technological concepts to navigate the passage with confidence.Another critical aspect of the text is its analytical depth. The author delves into the nuanced arguments and counterarguments surrounding the role of technology in education. They explore the potential benefits, such as enhanced student engagement and personalized learning opportunities, as well as the potential drawbacks, such as the risk of digital distractions and the widening of the digital divide. Candidates must be able to carefully dissect these competing perspectives, identify the key points, and formulate a comprehensive understanding of the complex issue at hand.Effective strategies for tackling this text include closely reading the passage multiple times, taking notes on the key ideas and supporting evidence, and actively engaging with the text by asking critical questions. Candidates should also be prepared to draw connections between the information presented in the passage and their own knowledge and experiences related to technology in education.Furthermore, the 2012 GEE English (I) reading section often requires candidates to demonstrate their ability to synthesize information from various sources. Text 2 may include references to other studies, reports, or scholarly articles. Candidates must be able to identify these external sources, understand their relevance to the primary text, and incorporate this supplementary information into their overall comprehension and analysis.In conclusion, the 2012 GEE English (I) reading Text 2 presents a significant challenge for aspiring postgraduate students. Its sophisticated vocabulary, analytical depth, and emphasis on critical thinking skills require a comprehensive and strategic approach to preparation. By mastering the key concepts, developing effective reading strategies, and cultivating a nuanced understanding of the complex issues at hand, candidates can optimize their performance in this crucial component of the exam. With dedication and perseverance, they can unlock the full potential of this text and enhance their chances of success in the 2012 Graduate Entrance Examination.。

2012年考研英语一text3解析一、文章大意1.文章主题：本文介绍了美国培养大提琴演奏家的过程。

2.文章内容概述：文章围绕着培养大提琴演奏家的过程展开，通过介绍音乐教育的重要性、音乐学院的选拔标准和大师指导下的个人训练等环节，阐述了音乐教育对于音乐人才成长的重要性，并且强调了个人努力和天赋的不可或缺。

二、文章结构分析1.引子：开篇引述了音乐教育对于音乐人才成长的重要性。

2.发展：介绍了音乐学院选拔标准、大师指导下的个人训练等环节。

3.总结：总结了音乐教育、个人努力和天赋三者的关系。

三、文章解析1.音乐教育的重要性文章开篇就强调了音乐教育对于音乐人才成长的重要性。

音乐教育不仅仅是传授音乐知识和技能，更重要的是培养学生对音乐的理解和感悟，以及独立思考和表达的能力。

通过音乐教育，学生可以接触到各种不同类型的音乐作品，提高自己的音乐修养，同时也能够培养自己对音乐的热爱和专注度。

2.音乐学院的选拔标准文章介绍了音乐学院对于学生的选拔标准，这些标准既包括了学术成绩和音乐技能的考核，也包括了学生对于音乐的热爱和专注度。

在音乐学院，学生会接受更加系统和专业的音乐教育，学习到更多高级的音乐理论和演奏技巧。

音乐学院的选拔标准也反映了学生是否有足够的音乐天赋和能力。

3.大师指导下的个人训练随后文章介绍了大师指导下的个人训练，强调了个人的努力和毅力。

即使是拥有天赋的学生，在没有经过长期的个人训练和练习之后，也不可能成为一名优秀的音乐人才。

只有在大师的指导下，不断地进行个人训练，才能够逐渐修炼自己的演奏技巧和音乐表达能力。

4.音乐教育、个人努力和天赋的关系最后文章总结了音乐教育、个人努力和天赋三者之间的关系。

在音乐人才的培养过程中，这三者缺一不可。

音乐教育能够为学生提供一个良好的学习评台和环境，培养学生对音乐的爱好和感悟能力；个人努力则是每个学生都必须要付出的努力，没有持之以恒的个人训练，即使是再有天赋的学生，也无法成为一名优秀的音乐人才；而天赋则是一个学生是否能够成为音乐人才的基础，没有足够的音乐天赋，就算是再努力，也很难成为一名杰出的音乐人才。

研究生基础综合英语（邱东林版）课文中英对照加课后习题答案Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。

这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。

Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。

我的两次管理类联考230分的经历2013年我本科毕业，参加研究生招生考试，以初试第三，管理类联考总分228分（管理类综合144分，英语84分）的成绩考入南京大学审计硕士，后考上公务员放弃读研究生。

2016年我工作满三年，又以初试第三，管理类联考总分229分（管理类综合155分，英语74分）的成绩考入浙江大学在职双证MPA。

回首这三年的两次考试，感慨万千，趁现在还有印象，我将自己的考试方法、学习资料、心路历程等写下，既让自己可以追忆，又可供后来者参考，与所有研友共勉。

（一）先说英语。

1.我从小到大英语最弱，所以对英语最重视。

英语的首要问题就是单词。

一开始也走了很多弯路，后来在网上找视频，发现新东方的刘一男讲英语单词讲的最为透彻，是从词源的角度，将单词分解成词根、词缀，然后将基本上所有单词都能解释并融会贯通，这样最容易记住，我通过听了约100小时的课，就将自己的词汇量从2500提升到5500，而且学得很扎实。

2.再说语法和长难句的理解。

我在网上听了郭崇兴讲英语长难句和写作的课程，对语法有很大提升，基本上阅读所有长难句都没问题，能庖丁解牛，将状语、定语都区分出来，删繁就简，马上看出句子的主干。

3.有了单词和长难句理解这两大利器，接下来提升阅读。

我任何考试的备考策略就是只做真题，反复做三四遍。

一开始只是读阅读理解的文章，第一遍也看翻译，并逐字逐句地理解，这样才勉强读通。

我用的参考书是《考研英语（二）历年真题老蒋详解》（北航版），我也看了很多参考书，最后觉得还是老蒋的好，书后附赠光盘中老蒋的讲阅读理解的课程也极好。

我每天看2篇阅读理解，一段时间后，阅读水平提高了，对命题和解题的套路也越来越有感觉。

后来阅读变成我的强项，临考前基本上只错两三个。

我从不做模拟题，就看真题，我能做到第二次做这篇阅读理解不受上一次的答案的干扰，我的注意力在对句子和意群的理解以及命题和解题的思路上。

4.完形填空和翻译我也只做过真题。

考研英语复习诀窍+所有复习资料下载地址前几月也写过一个帖子，谈了医学考研的复习思路，好像已经石沉大海了。

今天又有学弟学妹问我考研心得，问我有没有什么窍门之类的，我苦想了3分钟，说“没有什么啊”。

现在想一想，研究生英语考了不错的分数，其中一定还是有些值得注意的东西吧，叫做窍门也好，经验也罢，总之拿出来，给大家开阔一下思路吧。

首先是要用多长时间复习英语，这是个问题。

应该说，我从来都没有完全丢开英语。

英语是一门语言，想提高英语成绩必须按照语言自身的规律。

首当其冲的就是培养对英语的兴趣。

有很多人在一开始就把英语视为仇敌，还有很多人从来都把英语丢在一边，到了要考试了才开始突击背单词、做阅读。

这些都是不对的，也不可能英语的高分。

如果你能在过去的1年里，经常看英文书报，杂志，小说，网站，听英文广播，英文歌，看欧美电影，那么你会有良好的语感。

事实证明，良好的语感对阅读和写作有太大的帮助了。

如果你能做到专业书尽量读英文版的，那么你的英语阅读水平一定了得了。

所以说，英语的复习是从平时的点滴积累中开始的。

没有平日的积累很难靠突击来提高多少成绩。

当然，考前的针对性复习的主要意义在于使你适应考试的氛围。

而且，临阵磨枪不快也光啊！其次，需要背多少单词？其实问这个问题就是错误的。

再一次，英语是一门语言。

考研大纲规定了大约5500个单词。

即使你对这5500个单词都很熟悉了，可能你读到考研英语阅读的文章还是会磕磕绊绊，而当你读到外国小说的时候你才会发现原来不认得的单词更多。

那么我们应该怎么看这5500单词呢？首先，这是一个基础。

当你达到这5500的词汇量的时候也意味着你对英语的构词法则有了一定的了解，对词根、词缀有了一定的认识，由此你可以在阅读中通过推测，派生等办法认得更多的单词。

但是单词本身毕竟不是语言，最终还是要回到语言中去。

我们中国人学外语还是主要以书面语言为主，所以，多阅读是唯一的出路。

我发现现在周围的人特别是工作以后，越来越没有阅读的习惯了。

任汝芬拥有30年考研辅导历程，中国考研辅导以及海天“任氏教学法”的创始人，考研政治神话的缔造者，北大、人大、西安交大等高校诸多辅导名陈先奎多年担任国家考研政治阅卷组成员，当今考研辅导届的“中流砥柱”。

陆卫明从事考研政治辅导13年，教授，全国着名考研政治辅导专家。

海天学校考研政治主讲人之一。

阮晔从事政治辅导19年，“四位一体”教学法创始人，考研政治旗帜性人物。

常红利16年来一直工作在考研第一线，政治理论研究与教学“互联法”的创始人，海天“任氏教学法”实践者之一。

韩鹏杰从事政治辅导19年，“四位一体”教学法创始人，考研政治旗帜性人物。

刘儒名牌大学经济学教授，博士。

“任氏教学法”的创立者、实践者之一，是“学生心目中的优秀教师”。

孟范昆十几年来，他致力于考研政治试卷题型变化规律的研究，并从事考研政治理论课教学工作。

李秀珍从事考研辅导十多年，“任氏教学法”的创立者和实践者之一。

廖仕梅授课经验丰富，能很好地将思修知识与法律知识揉合在一起分析问题，讲课重点突出，语言幽默风趣。

刘长霖知识广博，授课全面；思路清晰，表达准确；重点突出，生动幽默，善于抓住学生的思想。

何虎生曾是全国考研政治命题组成员，对研究生命题和应试有深入的研究，能切合考试实际。

吕途对各类竞争选拔性考试有独到研究，考研政治新生代授课教师的领军人物。

方正多年从事马克思主义理论的教学和科研工作，有雄厚的理论功底和丰富的教学经验。

张云天首批参与《思想道德修养与法律基础》课程教学、研究与考研辅导的专家之一。

马延臣多年教学及辅导经验，考研政治新锐实力派代表。

..宫东风北京市优秀教师。

高等教育出版社全国考研辅导班教材系列主编。

吴红云从事考研英语辅导18年，在全国十几个大城市主讲考研英语写作，资深“考研英语写作”辅导专家。

丁雪明从事四六级辅导6年、考研英语辅导5年，北京地区考研英语、大学英语四六级考试阅卷组成员。

王军从事考研英语辅导11年，教学经验丰富、考点把握准确、教材设计独特使其始终处在全国考研英语辅导的最前沿，深受全国各地考生推崇。

2012考研词汇速记指南（刘一男）-.pdf/file/clse0x9z#2012考研英语长难句与词汇突破（李玉枝）.pdf/file/e659i5a7#2012考研英语阅读120篇（马德高）.pdf/file/dn1twcgf#2012考研英语新大纲标准词汇掌上宝（周洁）.pdf/file/e659iwto#2012考研英语五大题源报刊阅读150篇（刘雪明）.pdf/file/dn1tpra9#2012考研英语核心词汇说文解词（词根乱序版）（曾鸣）.pdf /file/dn1tn2ki#2012报考知识全集及政治理论基干知识全集-徐之明.pdf /file/clseyob1#2012考研政治核心点表解与真题解析（考研命题研究组）.pdf /file/bhiojyn8#2012数学历年试题解析（数学三）（李永乐）.pdf/file/dn1tvowk#2012数学历年试题解析（数学二）（李永乐）.pdf/file/e6598v8j#2012数学基础过关660题（数学一）（李永乐）.pdf/file/aqkl001a#2012数学基础过关660题（数学三）（李永乐）.pdf/file/dn1tvlup#2012数学基础过关660题（数学二）（李永乐）.pdf/file/bhio9evw#2012考研英语核心词汇30天突破（马德高）.pdf/file/e6593rlj#2012考研英语高分写作（英语一、二）（王江涛）.pdf/file/bhioxiee#2012考研英语分类阅读高分进阶（120篇）.pdf/file/aqkldsgj#2012考研数学接力题典1800通关高分夺冠必备（汤家凤）-.pdf /file/bhio2nk1#2012考研数学基础题集（数一）（武忠祥）.pdf/file/e659qeby#2012考研数学基础题集（数三）（武忠祥）.pdf/file/aqklsaxn#2012考研数学基础题集（数二）（武忠祥）.pdf/file/dn1tqhgf#2012考研数学基础轻松过500题（理工类）（潘正义）.pdf/file/bhiopd4m#2012考研数学基础轻松过500题（经济类）（潘正义）.pdf/file/bhiopn58#2012考研数学基础过关精选200题（恩波教育）.pdf/file/bhiop4kw#2012考研数学基础核心讲义（理工类）（修订版）（陈文灯）-.pdf /file/dn1tqbfa#2012考研数学基础核心讲义（经济类）（修订版）（陈文灯）-.pdf /file/cls59uw1#2012考研数学复习指南（理工类）（修订版）（陈文灯）-.pdf /file/aqklshnp#2012考研数学复习指南（经济类）（修订版）（陈文灯）-.pdf /file/aqklj7gj#2012考研数学10年真题点评（数学一）（陈文灯）.pdf/file/bhimghbk#2012考研数学10年真题点评（数学三）（陈文灯）.pdf/file/e65jthcr#2012考研数学10年真题点评（数学二）（陈文灯）.pdf/file/e65jpdez#2012考研数学复习大全（理工类）（蔡子华）-.pdf/file/aqkl4tvz#2012考研数学复习大全（经济类）（蔡子华）-.pdf/file/cls5dhl1#2012考研数学第一视频（理工类）（潘正义）.pdf/file/e659zw2s#2012考研数学第一视频（经济类）（潘正义）.pdf/file/clse3sug#2012考研高等数学辅导教材（黄庆怀）.pdf/file/e65jp8tz#2012概率论与数理统计辅导讲义（曹显兵）.pdf/file/e65jgear#2012考研英语核心词汇笔记（胡敏）.pdf/file/t2d2ccbf68#2012考研英语拆分与组合翻译法（唐静）.pdf/file/t2c18588e7#2012考研英语词汇速记宝典(徐绽).pdf/file/t2efa1e9e1#2012海天政治马克思主义基本原理核心教程（阮晔）.pdf /file/t227f57dce#2012考研数学单选题解题方法与技巧（陈文灯）.pdf /file/t246862c87#2012海天英语基础阅读突破（宫东风）.pdf/file/f21e0b46132012考研数学必做客观题1500题精析（蔡子华）.pdf /file/t247c6d9bb#2012考研数学必做主观题500题精析（蔡子华）.pdf /file/t247592051#2012考研英语读真题记单词（胡敏）-.pdf/file/t2642ba076#2012考研英语复习指导（朱泰祺）-.pdf/file/t2716484d1#2012考研英语语法突破（胡敏）.pdf/file/t25d423062#2012考研英语阅读理解精读100篇（印建坤）.pdf/file/t2d7fcbdf4#2012考研英语阅读专项训练（王若平）.pdf/file/t2e0b66e85#2012考研英语写作高分突破（热点话题100篇）（曾鸣）.pdf /file/t24e31b215#2012考研英语英译汉四步定位翻译法（胡敏）.pdf/file/t291789592#2012考研英语阅读理解110篇（肖克）.pdf/file/t23b17841#2012考研英语阅读理解精读200篇（胡敏）.pdf/file/t2e86beb60#2012考研政治早知道核心知识精粹及典型真题（李海洋）.pdf /file/t27844941e#2012考研英语大纲词汇考点、用法及辨析（李玉枝）.pdf /file/t2106e45b8#2012考研英语大纲核心词汇必备（王建华）.pdf/file/t2272b3d02#2012考研英语命题人选题源阅读（王长喜）.pdf/file/t22640c69#2012考研英语阅读题源大全（郭崇兴）.pdf/file/t2bdc4caae#2012英语阅读精析100篇（赵敏）.pdf/file/t233f00e7c#2012考研英语必记词组（郭崇兴）.pdf/file/t2aab22d7f#2012考研英语词汇宝典（肖克）.pdf/file/t28d6ba1b6#2012考研英语词汇词根+联想+图解记忆法（马德高）.pdf/file/t26280c9f8#2012考研英语词汇词根+联想+语境记忆法（阅读版）（王长喜）.pdf/file/t2758393a#2012考研英语词汇词根+联想记忆法（乱序版）（俞洪敏）.pdf/file/t26c72375#2012考研英语词汇词根+联想记忆法（俞洪敏）.pdf/file/t2292540b1#2012考研英语词汇活学活用巧链记（白洁）.pdf/file/t24a7f0481#2012考研英语考前热点范文80篇（许小波）.pdf/file/t2a5b66456#2012考研英语逻辑辨证记忆30天（3000核心词汇+500词组）（张纪元）.pdf /file/t2426ad08f#2012思想政治理论历年试题解析（米鹏）.pdf/file/t2458878c7#2012淘金式巧攻考研英语词汇（伍乐其）-.pdf/file/t29d9db9f5#数据结构考研指导/thread-1437578-1-1.html操作系统考研指导/thread-1437489-1-1.html计算机组成原理考研指导/thread-1437549-1-1.html完整版《数据结构1800题+答案》/thread-1432160-1-1.html计算机组成原理－研究生入学经典试卷(完全版)/thread-2335306-1-1.html计算机组成原理－研究生入学经典试卷答案/thread-2327332-1-1.html计算机网络重点知识完美总结整理/thread-2318065-1-1.html计算机操作系统常见题型解析及模拟题pdf格式/thread-2335264-1-1.html唐朔飞《计算机组成原理》课件/thread-2333458-1-1.html计算机组成原理PPT课件王爱英(清华)/thread-2315040-1-1.html操作系统学习资料汇总/thread-2317868-1-1.html05年清华计算机本科上课课件<数据结构>/thread-1469848-1-1.html白中英《计算机组成原理》第四版（立体化教材）课件2008.5制作/thread-2340302-1-1.html白中英《计算机组成原理》第四版（立体化教材）课后习题答案与自测题库2008.5作者更新/thread-2340326-1-1.html数据结构复习重点归纳/thread-1743383-1-1.html北京航空航天大学数据结构与程序设计02——07（无03）/thread-2350974-1-1.html北京航空航天大学2004——2008 （无2006）计算机专业技术基础/thread-2350970-1-1.html操作系统考试要点与真题精解/thread-2350951-1-1.html计算机操作系统学习指导与习题解析（PDF书籍下载）/thread-2350438-1-1.html《操作系统考研辅导教程》，计算机专业研究生入学考试全真题解（2）/thread-2350434-1-1.html操作系统学习指导与习题解答（PDF）/thread-2350431-1-1.html计算机操作系统课程及考研辅导/thread-1437564-1-1.html计算机操作系统学习指导与习题解答/thread-2350430-1-1.html研究生入学考试要点、真题解析与模拟试卷：数据结构/thread-2350429-1-1.html操作系统典型题解析与实战模拟/thread-2350427-1-1.html《计算机操作系统》试卷适用汤子瀛《操作系统》第二版/thread-2335255-1-1.html18所大学计算机专业(组成原理).chm/thread-2360106-1-1.html南京邮电大学2001___2006年数据结构考研试卷/thread-2351917-1-1.html理工科研究生入学考试试题精选(2)/thread-1435632-1-1.html计算机组成原理、计算机系统结构与数字逻辑试题精选/thread-2350442-1-1.html湖南大学2000-2006数据结构试题/thread-2351922-1-1.html北京交通大学02 05 07年数据结构真题/thread-2351974-1-1.html苏州大学99___06计算机综合题/thread-2351960-1-1.html[下载]: 操作系统学习辅导/thread-2304561-1-1.htmlC程序设计考研指导/thread-1437476-1-1.html【全美经典】离散数学/thread-2338065-1-1.html微机原理与接口技术习题与解析/thread-2304849-1-1.html微机原理与接口技术考研指导/thread-1437611-1-1.html离散数学考研指导/thread-1437514-1-1.html《计算机网络知识要点与习题解析》（谢希仁教材配套）/thread-2395268-1-1.html。