考研英语长难句精析(三)

考研英语的长难句考研英语的长难句篇1一、逆序法逆序法即倒置法。

有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。

例如：“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”该句可分为三部分①“There was little hope”;②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”;③“in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”前两层表结果，第三层表原因。

这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。

译为：这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。

二、顺序法有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，这类句子可按原文顺序译出，相比较要容易一些，大家可以按照正常的思维翻译即可。

三、分译法有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，为使意思连贯，建议考生们可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，有时还可适当增加词语。

例如：“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.”该句有两个介词短语，代表两层意思。

因此，按照分译法，打破原句的结构翻译成：他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。

四、综合法另有一些英语长句用前三种翻译方法翻译时都有困难，需要用综合法。

即或按时间先后，或按逻辑先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆地进行综合处理。

例如：“The phenomenon y in which light physically scatters when it passes through particles in the earth’s atmosphere that are1/10 in diameter of the color of the light.”该句可以分解为四个部分①“The phenomenon describes the way”;②“in which light physically scatters”;③“when it passes through particles in the earth‘s atmosphere”;④“that are1/10in diameter of the color of the light.”其中，第一、二和三、四部分之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。

考研英语长难句总结一、定语从句1.The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.2.I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sittingCEOs first.3.In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patentedand not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.4.But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives ofthe founding generation.5.The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domesticsituations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.二、名词性从句1.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappychildless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.2.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and morediverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.3.What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast thingsare changing.4.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warmingseriously.三、状语从句1.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Seniorwrites that ―the ve ry things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources ofintense gratification and delight.‖2.But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – forinstance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.3.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizationsplace their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.四、后置定语1.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all.2.Consumers passionate about a product may create ―earned‖ media by willingly promoting itto friends, and a company may leverage ―owned‖ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.3.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.4.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in theinstitution of the traditional classical concert.5.Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lumptogether information from different research projects.6.It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suitsone to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.7.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed inschool and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.五、伴随状语1.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.2.But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider theoriginal Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.3.Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S.economic performance.4.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.5.But particularl y when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardlysuggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.六、形式主语1.But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience.2.To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is notnecessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.3.It is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments thatscience can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.4.It’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until w e know for sure.5.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable ofeconomic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.七、形式宾语1.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.2.At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front,to make it easier to remember their names.八、长主语1.The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director hasbeen the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.2.The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministersand political leaders of seventeenth-century New England.3.The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widelymisunderstood by economists and politicians alike.4.The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the onlyMadonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.九、同位语1.Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a jobdatabase on the Internet.2.But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased inheight by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.3.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court ineffect supported the medical principle of ―double effect‖, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.4.Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measurecreativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.十、并列结构1.Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies con cerned.2.Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning thePhilharmonic into ―a markedly different, more vibrant organization.‖3.For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists mustcompete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.4.Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectualdevelopment of these and all other societies.5.This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient,condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.十一、插入语1.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert iscomparatively little known.2.The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to theproper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised.3.Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing thebravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.4.The Internet –and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercialpublishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality.5.I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life theactivity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.十二、比较1.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like anopportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.2.Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating asmuch on technique as on outcome.3.In fact, the more new things we try — the more we step outside our comfort zone — the moreinherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.4.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.5.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct ourown change by consciously developing new habits.6.Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,‖ these were stores ―anyone couldenter, regardless of class or background.十三、倒装1.According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial Americawas ―s o much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.‖2.Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for otherthings.3.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased ―opportunities‖ forstress.4.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a privateintelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.十四、强调句1.It was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision.2.It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because theyspend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.十五、That1.As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led bymusicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.2.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they couldin turn afford more education.。

考研英语（一）长难句解析系列——2015年Text3这篇文章的原文题目为Science joins push to screen statistics in papers(35题的正确答案)，选自英国著名的《Nature》杂志，这一杂志致力于报道和评论全球科技领域里最重要的突破。

试卷上的文章完整地节选了原文的前6段，意义连贯，并没有给考生在理解上造成太大的障碍。

文章主要讲述的是继各大期刊支持数据分析标准化后，新政策也紧随其后出台。

全文共423字，共17句话，平均每句约25词，从长难句角度来讲，难度正常：简单句、并列句、复合句分别有4句、1句、7句，其余的5句则为并列复合句。

下面就其中的典型例句进行详解：【典型例句1】The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.【例句分析】这句话以逗号为界，主干是The policy follows similar efforts from other journals，after widespread concern是状语，that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings是同位语从句，解释说明concern。

【难点点拨】contribute to意为“……是(造成某情况) 的一个原因”。

【例句释义】目前，广泛担忧数据分析方面的错误造成许多已经出版的研究成果的不可复制性。

本文选自2007年2月Harvard Business Review上一篇名为The Accidental Influentials的文章，主要讨论了影响社会流行潮的主要因素：人们普遍认为社会流行潮的出现主要是由少数有影响力的名人推动的，但新研究表明其关键因素却是大部分的直接受影响者能够积极有效地参与传播过程。

全文中在长难句方面，难度居中。

作为2010年考研英语试卷的第三篇阅读，句子难度必然会较前面题型有所提升，尤其是后半部分难度增加，再加上文中的一些难词，这必然会给考生造成理解上的障碍，以致最终影响做题得分。

下面就其中的典型例句进行分析：【典型例句1】：In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.【例句解析】：本句中主干成分为some researchers have come up with the finding。

that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed是同位语从句，解释说明finding;而从句中又含有一个than引导的比较状语从句，采用省略主语的结构。

【难点点拨】：influential：有影响力的人;social epidemic：社会流行潮【例句释义】：然而，在近期研究中，一些研究者已经发现：有影响力的人对于社会流行潮的影响要比通常认为的小得多。

【典型例句2】：Yet it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.【例句解析】：本句包含一个强调句型，即it is precisely…..who…..，用来强调主语，句子主干成分为these noncelebrity influentials are supposed to drive social epidemics。

考研英语典型长难句及解析之三1. We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between molecules that were more than a few ten millionths of a millimeter apart was very small but became considerable when the molecules approached more closely.结构分析:句子的框架是We assumed that there were forces of attraction…。

that引导宾语从句。

此宾语从句中套嵌一个由which引导的定语从句修饰先行词forces of attraction; so that the attraction between molecules…是so that结构引导的结果状语从句;在此状语从句中，除人生中最幸福的就是身体健康主干结构the attraction…was very small but became considerable…，又有that were more than a few ten-millionths of a millimeter apart做定语从句修饰先行词molecules和when the molecules approached more closely做状语从句，修饰…but became considerable。

considerable译为“相当大（或多的）”。

译文：我们曾经假定，分子之间存在着引力，这种引力随着分子之间距离的不同而有显著的变化，因而，在间距为千万分之几毫米的分子之间的引力是很小的，但是分子靠得很近时，这种引力会变得相当大。

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析1、While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured、【译文】尽管警告常常就是适当而且必须得——比如对于药物相互作用得危险提出警告——许多警告还就是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出得，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告就是不就是确实可以使得生产者与销售者豁免责任。

【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured就是主句。

主句用了一个形式主语it，真正得主语就是that引导得从句，而that从句之后就是一个if引导得条件从句。

从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。

破折号之间得部分就是举例说明warnings得内容。

注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中得many就是指many warnings。

2、Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport 、【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起得各种问题也会对社会造成新得压力。

考研英语：学生最爱问的长难句三例考研网在这里把最近大家问的比较多的一些长难句和大家分享一下，希望对此有问题的你也可以此受益。

真题链接1Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capacity of the extended family to resolve.(1995 text)要想理解句子的含义必须缕清句式，抓主干，去枝叶。

那在捋顺的这个过程中，划分意群就显得特别重要。

本句话Many of life’s problems是主语部分，后面出现which从句到那结束呢?如果没有and等连词出现的情况下，第二个动词即为主句的谓语动词，所以are 是主干的谓语动词，are后面是beyond引导的介宾短语部分。

那回头看一下which引导的是什么从句，经分析which指代前面problems，所以，为定语从句。

这样结构就照清楚了。

接下来就可以直接翻译为：许多过去曾经可以通过询问家庭成员，朋友和同事可以解决的生活问题，现在已经超出了大家庭可以解决的范围。

(大家一定要切记汉语没有时态，但是英语是有时态的，所以，翻译过程中一定要把握到位) 真题链接2But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the right way to go since well developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job or not.(1999 text3)划分句子时，要注意几大标志，如连词，介宾短语，标点符号，非谓语动词等等，这些因素都可以有效的帮助我们划分句子。

考研英语长难句解析考研英语作为考研大纲中的一部分，对于众多考生而言是一块难以逾越的高山。

其中，长难句作为考研英语中的重点难点之一，无疑是考生们的心头之患。

本文将从长难句的定义、结构、解读以及应对策略等方面进行详细解析，帮助考生加深对长难句的理解，提高对长难句的分析能力。

1. 长难句的定义长难句，顾名思义，即指句子结构复杂，句子成分繁多，句子长度较长的句子。

在考研英语中，长难句常常在阅读理解和完型填空等题型中出现，要求考生准确理解句子的结构和含义，把握句子之间的逻辑关系。

2. 长难句的结构特点长难句的结构一般包含主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等多种成分，这些成分通常通过关联词（如关系代词、连接副词等）连接起来，形成一个复杂的句子结构。

此外，长难句中常常包含一些从句，例如定语从句、关系副词从句等，进一步增加了句子的复杂性。

3. 长难句的解读方法解读长难句需要考生充分理解句子的结构和含义，可以采用以下方法进行解析：a) 分析句子成分：首先确定长难句的主干部分（即主语和谓语），并明确其他成分的修饰关系。

b) 识别从句：寻找从句并确定从句的类型（定语从句、状语从句等），理解从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。

c) 理清语义关系：通过词义、上下文等手段理解词语之间的逻辑关系，把握全文的主旨。

4. 应对长难句的解析策略面对长难句，考生可以采取以下策略，提高解析长难句的能力：a) 学习句子结构：了解常见的句子结构和成分，并通过阅读和练习来熟悉不同类型的长难句结构。

b) 积累关键词汇：长难句中的关键词汇往往能够帮助考生理解句子的意思，因此积累和记忆关键词汇是非常重要的。

c) 阅读原文素材：通过阅读经典文献、科技期刊等学术资料，提高对长难句的解读能力和理解能力。

总结：长难句作为考研英语的重点内容之一，对考生来说是一个难题，但只要善于分析句子结构，采用科学的解析策略，相信考生一定能够在考试中得心应手。

因此，考生们在备考过程中一定要加强对长难句的学习和练习，提高自己的解析能力，以应对考试的挑战。

第三节插入语插入语指插在句子中间，对句子起补充或附加的说明的成分。

通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系，若将其去掉，句子结构仍然完整。

例如：You,indeed,is a good friend.副词可以充当插入语。

例1：Facebook,therefore,is a self-enhancer’s paradise.(英二2014T2）因此，Facebook就成为了自我拉抬者的乐园。

例2：The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture..... (英一2016T1）然而，法国的措施过于依赖严厉惩罚来改变一种文化。

介词短语可以充当插入语。

例3：Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.（英二2019T1）换言之，内疚感有助于将一个合作性物种凝聚在一起。

例4：The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.（英二2017T1）相比之下，奥运会申办者则希望让更多人参与运动且产生更多的精英运动员。

例5：The reason,in fact,may be just the opposite:there is too much happiness in the world today.（英一2006T4）事实上，原因可能正好相反，如今的世界上有太多的快乐。

例6：Many people talked of the288,000new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to6.1percent,as good news.（英二2015T4）许多人将劳工部六月所公布的“就业岗位新增28.8万，且失业率降至6.1%”视为福音大加谈论。

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句句精析————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期:ﻩ考研英语历年真题阅读长难句10０句精析１.Ｗhｉｌe warningｓaｒe often apprｏｐrｉａte and necｅsｓary —tｈe ｄan ｇｅrs of drug intｅrａcｔions,fｏr example—aｎd many are requirｅｄby sｔａte or fedｅral rｅguｌations,it ｉsn't cleａr that tｈey acｔualｌｙproｔｅｃtｔhe manｕfactｕrｅrｓand sｅllers frｏmｌiabilｉtｙif a cusｔomer ｉｓｉnjurｅd.【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的,然而(我们）并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时,这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。

【分析】在这个主从复合句中,ｉt isn'ｔcｌear that thｅyａctｕalｌyｐroｔeｃt tｈe ｍanufａcturerｓaｎd ｓｅllers from lｉabｉlity if a customer ｉs inｊured是主句。

主句用了一个形式主语ｉt,真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个ｉf 引导的条件从句。

从句由两个部分组成,中间用and连接。

破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。

注意：ｍａnｙaｒｅrｅquｉrｅｄby sｔaｔe ｏrｆederａl regulaｔions中的many是指mａny warnings。

２.Aｄdｉtioｎal social stｒesses may ａlso occｕr becａｕsｅoｆthe populａtion eｘpｌoｓion ｏｒproblems aｒiｓiｎｇfrom masｓmigｒaｔｉon mｏvｅｍent ｓ—ｔheｍsｅlves made relａtivｅlｙeasy noｗadａys bｙｍoｄｅｒn mｅans ｏf tr ａｎsporｔ.【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。