攻克高考英语长难句
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高考英语2025年长难句知识点与语法突破在高考英语中,长难句一直是众多考生面临的挑战之一。
对于即将参加 2025 年高考的同学们来说,掌握长难句的知识点和语法突破技巧显得尤为重要。
长难句不仅在阅读理解中频繁出现,影响对文章的理解,也是在写作中展现语言水平的关键。
接下来,让我们深入探讨一下这一重要的内容。
首先,我们要明确什么是长难句。
长难句通常是指结构复杂、句子成分繁多、修饰语较多的句子。
它们可能包含各种从句、短语以及复杂的语法结构。
理解长难句的关键在于能够准确地划分句子成分,找出主句和从句,并理清各个成分之间的关系。
一、长难句的常见类型1、复合句复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成。
从句包括宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等。
例如:“I know that he is a good student” (宾语从句)“The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting” (定语从句)“I will call you as soon as I arrive” (状语从句)2、并列句并列句由两个或多个并列的分句组成,常用的连接词有 and, but, or 等。
例如:“He is tall and she is short” “I like music, but my brother likes sports”3、复杂的简单句有些简单句由于使用了较多的修饰成分,如介词短语、非谓语动词等,也会变得复杂。
例如:“With the developme nt of technology, ourlives have become more convenient” “Faced with difficulties, we should keep calm”二、长难句的语法知识点1、名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
在理解和分析长难句时,要能够准确判断出名词性从句的类型和作用。
高考英语阅读理解长难句应对技巧01分析方法1. 首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。
2. 如果是简单句,首先确定主谓结构;接着确定宾语和宾语补足语(如有的话);然后确定定语和状语等次要成分,即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。
按照所确定的各个成分,给出全句大意(可用翻译法)。
译文意思应当通顺,并和上下文意义基本吻合。
如意义出入较大,文理不通,则分析可能有误,这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。
3. 如果是并列句,首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句;接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意;然后将全句综合考虑。
4. 如果是复合句,首先找出从属连词并确定出主句,这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义;接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意;然后确定从句的性质,即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构;最后整体考虑全句大意,尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。
02注意事项1. 是否有同位语和插入语。
2. 是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。
3. 替代词的所指对象。
4. 判断并列成分的层次。
5. 句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用,不要将他们归入后文的句法分析。
6. 在从句多的句子中,从句中又包含从句的现象。
7. 非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分(定语和状语)时又带着较长的从属成分,尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。
8. 在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中,状语(单个词、短语或从句)究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。
03分析实例1. Such tasks are generally important in their outcome,which only adds to the pressure to do good job,and yet their very complexity makes it difficult to know just where or how to begin.这些任务的结果通常都很重要,这为做好工作增加了压力,然而这些任务的复杂性使人很难知道该从何处开始和怎样开始。
考点剖析The car,which I saw yesterday,is too expensive.我昨天看到的那辆车太贵了.(which在非限制性定语从句中作saw的宾语,指代the car。
)He was disappointed,which I was not.他是失望的,而我不是。
(which在非限制性定语从句中作was 的表语,指代disappointed。
)三、关系代词who的用法关系代词who引导定语从句时,先行词通常为人,常在定语从句中用作主语或宾语,通常可以与that 互换。
例如:I don’t know anything about the man who wrote the article.我一点儿也不了解这篇文章的作者。
(who 在定语从句中作wrote的主语,指代先行词the man。
)The boy who you talked to just now is Tom’s brother.刚才和你说话的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。
(who在定语从句中用作talked to的宾语,指代先行词the boy。
)此外,当先行词是人,关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,还可以用whom;当先行词为人或物,关系代词在从句中用作定语时,则用whose。
例如:The boy whom you talked to just now is Tom’s brother.刚才和你说话的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。
(whom在定语从句中作talked to的宾语,指代先行词the boy。
)She lives in the room whose window faces south.她住在那间窗户朝南的房间。
(whose在定语从句中用作window的定语,指代the room’s。
)The girl whose name is Lily is in my class.那个叫莉莉的女孩在我班上。
(whose在定语从句中用作name的定语,指代the girl’s。
高考英语长难句分析与基础语法知识点突破在高考英语中,长难句的理解和基础语法知识点的掌握对于取得高分至关重要。
很多同学在面对复杂的长难句时感到困惑,对基础语法的运用也不够熟练,这直接影响了阅读理解、写作等多个板块的得分。
接下来,让我们深入探讨一下高考英语中的长难句分析和基础语法知识点的突破方法。
一、长难句分析长难句之所以让同学们感到头疼,主要是因为它们通常包含较多的修饰成分、从句以及复杂的句式结构。
要攻克长难句,首先要学会划分句子成分。
(一)找出句子的主干句子的主干通常包括主语、谓语和宾语。
例如,“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting” 这个句子中,“The book”是主语,“is”是谓语,“interesting”是表语。
而“that I bought yesterday”则是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词“book”。
(二)分析从句高考英语中常见的从句有定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等。
定语从句通常用来修饰名词或代词,如“The man who is standing there i s my teacher” 中,“who is standing there”就是一个定语从句,修饰先行词“man”。
宾语从句在句子中作宾语,比如“I don't know what he is doing” ,“what he is doing”就是宾语从句。
状语从句则用来表示时间、地点、原因、条件等,像“If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home” 这里的“If it rains tomorrow”就是一个条件状语从句。
(三)理清修饰成分修饰成分包括形容词、副词、介词短语等。
它们的作用是对句子的主干进行补充和说明。
比如,“The girl in the red dress is my sister” 中,“in the red dress”是一个介词短语,作后置定语,修饰“girl”。
2024高考真题熟长难句分析【2024新课标I卷】1.[2024新课标I卷阅读理解A篇]We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection.【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。
while 引导的状语从句的主语和主句主语We一致,且状语从句谓语中有be动词,可以将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。
完整的状语从句为:while we are conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection。
【翻译】我们将在探索美丽的公园场地的同时,进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子采集工作。
2.[2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇]The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。
when引导时间状语从句,其中like identifying the main idea in a reading passage和such as drawing inferences from a text分别补充说明simple tasks和ones that require mental abstraction。
【翻译】纸质阅读的好处尤其突显在实验者从简单任务——比如识别阅读文章的主旨——转向需要思维抽象的任务时——比如从文本中推断出信息。
高考英语长难句知识点与语法突破在高考英语中,长难句往往是让许多同学感到头疼的问题。
但只要我们掌握了相关的知识点和语法,就能轻松应对,提升英语成绩。
一、长难句的特点长难句通常具有较长的长度、复杂的结构以及较多的修饰成分。
它们可能包含各种从句,如定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等;还可能有非谓语动词短语、介词短语等。
例如:“The book that I bought yesterday, which is very interesting, has been recommended by many friends” 这个句子中,“that I bought yesterday”是定语从句,修饰先行词“the book”;“which is very interesting”也是定语从句,同样修饰“the book”。
二、长难句的知识点1、从句(1)定语从句:用于修饰名词或代词,在句中充当定语。
关系词包括 that、which、who、whom、whose 等。
比如:“The man who is standing there is my teacher” (“who is standing there”修饰先行词“the man”)(2)状语从句:在句中充当状语,用来表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果等。
常见的引导词有 when、where、because、if、so that 等。
像:“I will call you when I arrive” (“when I arrive”表示时间)(3)宾语从句:在句中作宾语,一般位于及物动词、介词之后。
引导词有 that、if/whether、what、who 等。
例如:“He said that he would come” (“that he would come”作“said”的宾语)2、非谓语动词(1)动词 ing 形式:可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
根据2022——2023年高考卷分析高考英语长难句(练习)养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
一、长难句特征——“三长两短一并列”二、“三步法”拆句,迎刃而解长难句分析句式时,用一括{用小括号、中括号、箭头等符号标记句子的各修饰成分(如三长)};二(画出主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾宾补、there be 句型等);三会意(理解句意)。
结合三步法拆句清句子各部分间的关系。
△ 去繁存简抓主干无论句子多长,结构多么复杂,句子都是由一些基本成分组成的。
因此突破长难句的关键在于先找到句子的主干,再分析其他成分。
△ 借助连词/引导词划意群运用语法知识,借助连词/引导词的提示,将长句分解成若干意群,以降低理解难度△ 调整语序明句意理解句意时,应注意英、汉两种语言的差异,合理调整语序。
三、攻克三个“拦路虎”△ 非简单句●并列句:句子+并列连词(and, but, or, while, so, not only ...but also ..., either... or ...等) 十句子●主从复合句:三大从句为——定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。
△ 非谓语动词(短语)非谓语动词(短语)在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语,主要形式为:to do,doing,done。
△ 非正常语序非正常语序的句子主要指倒装句和强调句。
四、句子的分析练习(*非课标词汇)1. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associatecertain cues with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. (2023年北京卷阅读表达)【词汇拓展】in the course of 在...的过程中pursue (v.) 追求→ (n.) pursuitassociate (v.) 联系→ (n.) association → 把...和...联系在一起associate A with B* cue(n.) n. 暗示,提示behavioural (adj.) 行为的,行为上的→ (n.) behavior → (v.) behave【句子分析】本句为主从复合句。
2025年高考英语常见长难句知识点分析高考英语对于很多考生来说,长难句的理解和分析是一大难点。
在2025 年的高考中,这部分内容依旧会占据重要地位。
接下来,咱们就一起来详细剖析一下高考英语常见长难句的知识点。
长难句之所以难,主要在于其句子结构复杂、词汇量较大、语法点众多。
首先,句子结构方面,常见的有复合句、并列句等。
复合句中又包含了定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等。
定语从句在长难句中出现的频率较高。
比如,“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”在这个句子中,“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词“book”。
我们需要清楚关系词的使用规则,像“that”“which”“who”“whom”“whose”等,以及它们在从句中充当的成分。
状语从句也是常见的类型,如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句等。
“When I was a child, I often played in the park”这就是一个时间状语从句,“When I was a child”表示时间。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
“What he said is true”这是一个主语从句,“What he said”在整个句子中充当主语。
除了从句,非谓语动词的使用也增加了长难句的难度。
比如,“The girl standing there is my sister” 这里的“standing there”是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰“girl”。
还有一些长难句中会包含大量的短语和固定搭配。
像“be accustomed to”(习惯于)、“be addicted to”(沉溺于)、“put up with”(忍受)等等。
如果对这些短语不熟悉,就很难准确理解句子的意思。
此外,一些特殊的句式结构也会出现在长难句中。
高考英语真题长难句讲解1.A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.[句意]例如,一条污浊的小溪,在流经植物和微小生物栖息的岩石后,通常会变得清澈。
本句中for example为插入语,after flowing through plants and along rocks ...为时间状语,其中包含一个由where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词rocks。
(新课标I卷)2.In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.[句意]在第一部分中,我论述了数字极简主义的哲学基础,首先探讨了到底是什么样的力量使得许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受,然后对数字极简主义生活准则进行详细讨论。
starting with …为分词结构作状语;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词forces。
(新课标I 卷)3.At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.[句意]在这三十天结束时,你可以恢复少量精心挑选的,你认为将对你所珍视的东西大有裨益的线上活动。
(一)1. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us.2. It is because of the close association in most people’s minds of tools with man t hat special attention has always been focused upon any animal able to use an object as a tool, but it is important to realize that this ability, on its own, does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature concerned.3. So don’t be su rprised if you never encounter some of the expressions that still appear in school textbooks, and next time you hear somebody using a strange word you haven’t heard before, you can comfort yourself that there may well be a native speaker somewhere who does n’t know it either.4. More than three million people live in Inner London, and nearly five million people live in the surroundingsuburban area, which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called Outer London.(二)1. The next morning the stranger, actually a sorcerer (巫师), thanked her by granting (允准) her wish that anyone who climbed up her tree should not be able to come back down until she permitted it.2. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.3. Even so, everyone at McDonald’s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.(三)1. Despite the saying that one never knows if lightning strikes him, a person can sometimes feel the bolt (闪电) coming and if quick enough,take protective action in time.2. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal (家长制的) system of the old family business now passing away.(四)1. Yocum and Bell, who have just completed an art gallery for the city, feel that the experience from the decoration of their building, focusing on the inside rather than the outside, has influenced their work.2. For a family of four,for example,it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home,with almost unlimited entertainment available,than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.3. It therefore becomes more and more important that,if students are not to waste their opportunities,there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.(五)1. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.2. Here are some examples of the things that a well--mannered person does or does not do no matter whether he is an Oriental or a westerner.3. My idea of a university, based on having seen scores of them in different states of the US, was that it was a place of life and learning, an integral part of the community in which it was located.(六)1. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears.2. I do know Miss Lacy proudly left that store carrying the sack that held her new hot pink hunting boots!3. One of the exercises he asked his students to do is to keep a record of every penny they spend for a week.4. His parents recognized his intelligence and decided to enroll him in Lakeside, a private school known for its intense academic environment.5. The person who presents a program or a show on the radio or TV is a host or hostess but the one who hosts apopular music program is called a disk jockey or DJ.攻克长难句参考答案(一)1. [分析]此句的主干是We have so easily been attracted by ... that ...。
that引导结果状语从句。
在that从句中, what 引导宾语从句作think about的宾语且what 在宾语从句中作do的宾语。
[译文]我们如此轻易地被减肥产品的承诺和潜能所吸引,以至于不去考虑减肥产品对我们的影响。
2. [分析]此句的框架是It is because of ... that ...,but it is important to realize that ...。
并列连词but连接两个并列分句:前一个分句为强调句型It is ... that ..., 强调原因状语because of ...,在that 后面的部分中,able to use an object as a tool 作后置定语,修饰any animal;后一个分句中,it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to realize that ..., realize后又跟由that引导的宾语从句,concerned同样是后置定语修饰the creature。
另外,需要注意的是,the close association in most people’s minds of tools with man中in most people’s minds 把the close association of tools with man(工具与人类的密切联系)分隔开来,使得此句难以理解。