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Environmental impact assessment环境影响评估An action is used in this text in the sense of any engineering of industrial project,legislative proposa l,policy,programme or operational procedure with environmental implications. An environmental impact assessment is an activity designed to identify and predict the impact of an action on the biogeophysical environment an on man’s health and well-being,and to interpret and communicate information about the imapcts.Operational proceduresEIA should be an integral part of all planning for a major project, and should be carried out at the same time as engineering, socio-political and economic assessment.In order to provider guidelines for EIA,national goals and policies should be established which take environmental consideratons into account.These goals and policies should be promulgated.The institutional arrangements for the environmental impact assessments should be determined and made public. Here it is essential that the roles of the various particants（decision-maker,proponent,reviewer,assessor）other export advisors ,the public and inter-national bodies. be made established,so that proposed actions are not unduly held up建议的行动不会受到不必要的拖延and the assessor and the reviewer are not so pressed that they undertake only superficial analyses.肤浅的分析。
环评公示英语全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Public NoticeIn many countries, the EIA process includes a public consultation phase where the public is invited to provide feedback on the proposed project and its potential impacts. This is known as the EIA public notice. The public notice is an important part of the EIA process as it allows the public to participate in the decision-making process and voice their concerns about the project.第二篇示例：Environmental Impact Assessment PublicityOne important aspect of the EIA process is public participation and consultation. In many countries, EIA regulations require that the public be given the opportunity to review and comment on the environmental impact assessment report before a project is approved. This is known as the EIA public consultation or EIA public disclosure process.第三篇示例：Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of evaluating the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project or development. The purpose of EIA is to ensure that potential environmental impacts are identified and mitigated before a project is approved.In many countries, including China, EIA is a legal requirement for certain types of projects. The EIA process typically involves several stages, including scoping, impact assessment, mitigation, and monitoring. One important aspect of the EIA process is public participation, which is often achieved through a process known as public consultation or public disclosure.Public disclosure refers to the process of making the EIA report and related documents available to the public for review and comment. This allows interested parties, including local residents, environmental groups, and other stakeholders, to provide feedback on the proposed project and its potential impacts. Public disclosure is an important part of the EIA process because it helps to ensure that the concerns and perspectives of the affected communities are taken into account.In China, the public disclosure of EIAs is known as "environmental impact assessment public notice." The purpose of the public notice is to inform the public about proposed projects and to provide an opportunity for public input. The public notice typically includes information about the project, its potential environmental impacts, and the proposed mitigation measures. It also includes information about how members of the public can submit comments or objections.The public notice process in China is governed by the Environmental Protection Law and the Regulation on Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment. These laws require that EIAs for certain types of projects be subject to public disclosure, and that the public be given a reasonable amount of time to review and comment on the EIA report.The public notice process typically begins with the publication of a notice in a local newspaper or on a government website. The notice will include the name and location of the proposed project, a summary of its potential environmental impacts, and information about how members of the public can access the full EIA report. The notice may also include information about public hearings or meetings where membersof the public can learn more about the project and provide feedback.After the public notice is published, members of the public have a certain amount of time to review the EIA report and submit comments or objections. In some cases, public hearings or meetings may be held to provide an opportunity for stakeholders to ask questions and raise concerns. The project proponent is required to take the public feedback into account and may be required to make changes to the proposed project or its mitigation measures in response to public input.Overall, the public notice process is an important part of the EIA process in China. It helps to ensure that the concerns and perspectives of the public are considered in the decision-making process, and that projects are designed and implemented in a way that minimizes their environmental impacts. By providing a forum for public input, the public notice process helps to promote transparency, accountability, and sustainability in project development.第四篇示例：Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Public NotificationIntroduction3. Mitigation Measures: Proposed measures to reduce or mitigate the negative environmental impacts of the project.EIA public notification plays a crucial role in ensuring that the concerns and opinions of stakeholders are considered in the decision-making process. By providing access to information and opportunities for engagement, EIA public notification promotes transparency, accountability, and public participation in environmental decision-making. It also helps to build trust between project proponents and the public, leading to better outcomes for both the environment and the community.。
环境影响评价英语Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process designed to identify and evaluate the potential environmental effects of proposed projects or developments. It helps decision-makers to consider the environmental impacts before making any decisions. The purpose of EIA is to ensure that environmental issues are fully integrated into the decision-making process and that sustainable development is achieved.There are several key steps involved in the EIA process. First, the project is identified and a scoping exercise is carried out to determine the potential environmental impacts that need to be assessed. This is followed by the collection of baseline data to establish the existing environmental conditions. Next, the potential impacts of the project are assessed, taking into account factors such as air quality, water quality, biodiversity, and noise levels. Mitigation measures are then proposed to minimize or avoid any adverse impacts.After the assessment is completed, a report is prepared that summarizes the findings and recommendations. Thisreport is then reviewed by relevant authorities, stakeholders, and the public to ensure that all concerns are addressed. Once any necessary changes have been made, a decision is made on whether to approve the project, with or without conditions.EIA plays a crucial role in ensuring that development projects are carried out in an environmentally responsible manner. It helps to prevent or minimize negative impacts on the environment and promotes sustainable development. By considering environmental factors early in the planning process, decision-makers can make informed choices that benefit both the environment and society as a whole.环境影响评价（EIA）是一种旨在识别和评估拟议项目或发展的潜在环境影响的过程。
英语原文:Methods and procedures for EIAEIA is the strategic for the active environmental management of basin development and the construction items. For water resources and power development, during basin-wide planning and feasibility study stage of projects environmental impact assessment should be prepared. Forbasin-wide planning document a chapter on environmental impacts assessment is necessary while for feasibility study of projects the environmental impact statement should be prepared.1 purposes of the assessmentThe purpose of EIA is to assess the environmental effects due to river basin development playing or proposed hydroelectric project .For the purpose of rationally utilizing natural resources, protecting the environment, improving environmental quality, and maintaining the ecological balance, the optimum plan can be screened out through the comparison of the technical, economical and environmental indices of the alternative plans of the project. Besides, the corresponding mitigation measures for the adverse effects and the improvement measures for the beneficial effects should be put forwards during various stages, such as planning, design, construction, and management. The work of EIA is very important, as EIA (s) is the fundamental document for decision making and policy arrangement for the project. The development of EIA makes it possible to changethe work of environmental protection from a status of passive control into a status of active prevention In addition, the most important point is that through the work of EIA the project could develop more comprehensive benefits and eliminate the adverse effect.2 The classification of the assessmentAccording to the temporal and spatial dimensions the environmental impact assessment can be classified into two categories. From temporal dimension it can be further classified as the retrospective environmental impact assessment for exiting projects, the present environmental impact assessment for project under construction and the prospective environmental impact assessment for projects under planning. Generally speaking, the environmental impact assessment refers almost all to the prospective EIA. From spatial dimension it can be classified as assessment for individual project, for a system of projects, and even for all the projects included in the river basin planning. The depth of work for environmental assessment should be compatible with stage of planning and design. In the river basin planning stage, the environmental assessment should be made for the whole basin, and a preliminary suggestion for mitigation measures of the adverse effects should be proposed. If necessary, reports on special topics should be provided for significant impacts. In the feasibility study stage, the environmental assessment for each of important parameters and comprehensive chapter of environmental protection should beprovided o give a detailed description for demonstration the environmental effect of project and implementing the mitigation and improvement measures for the adverse effects,. In technical design stage, an additional study should be made for the remaining key problems. In the stage of construction, the environmental prot6ection planning and the practicing schedule for the construction area and the reservoir region should be included.3 Methods and proceduresIn practice, methods are closely interconnected with procedures. According to the process of EIA. The methods used can be divided into two categories. One is for assessing the environmental change and impact of each individual parameter, and the other is for assessing the impact of the whole project. After assessment, appropriate mitigation measures can be established, and comprehensive indices and indicators for the whole project can be derived so as to facilitate the comparison of alternative project designs. The assessment procedures consist of five main steps:Impact identification, impact prediction, impact evaluation, mitigation and protective measures, and monitoring programs. Among the five steps the impact identification, impact prediction and impact evaluation are most important. For each step there are different methods and considerations.Impact identificationThe steps taken to identify environmental parameters likely to have impacts are as follows:? Understanding the characteristics of the project, such as backwater curve, change of hydraulic and hydrological regime (such as change of discharge and silt distribution).? Selection of an existing similar project and carrying out retrospective environmental assessment for reference.? Investigation and description of the status of the existing environmental setting and base line.? Use of checklists of interaction matrices for impact identification. ? Proposing the parameters with likely impacts or the unknown parameters for further impact prediction.The purposes of this are to identify the significant environmental modification, and to estimate the probability that the impact will occur. Impact prediction begins with quality identification, then simple methods are used for quantification and finally multi-factor modeling is used for detailed quantification. Some of the methods might be classified as follows:1 Mathematical modeling of empirical formula (such as the reservoir and so on).2 Investigation and measurement (such as through investigation of the scope of distribution of terrestrial flora and fauna within the inundated zone to predict the impact on them, the same method is used for prediction of the impact on historic and archaeological sites).3 An alysis of the effects of changes in the hydraulic and hydrological regime (such as through the study of change of flow and silt patterns to predict the areas influenced or affected by flood, water-logging and salinity downstream, or through the change of habitats of flora and fauna to predict the future condition of the different species).4 Analogy or comparison with existing projects (such as the use of comparison to identify the change in water temperature qualitatively).Impact evaluation1. Environmental impact of each individual environmental parameter. One mustinvestigate the change in environmental quality, propose the remedial measures for adverse effects, calculate the relationship between benefits and costs, and see whether the environmental change is beneficial and acceptable. The methods consist of: ? A comparison of environmental indices or indications between the situations with and without the project.? Establishing the value function graphs for each individual parameter and seeing whether the environmental quality is improved or not (0-10 can be used to show the degree of the environmental quality, where 0 that indicates the environment quality is the worst, and 10 the best).? Proposing remedial measures for adverse effects and calculating costs. ? Reassessing the environment quality after the remedialmeasure is taken. ? Estimating the differences in adverse effect between the situations with and without mitigation measures.? Calaculating the benefits of measures? Anaktzing the relationship between benefits and costs, to see whether the impact on the parameter is acceptable, and to see effectiveness of measures. Comprehensive assessment of the project The purpose of comprehensive assessment is to evaluate the index of impact of the whole project to compare all the options and to select the optimum plan. Cost- benefit and adverse effects of the project are calculated to conclusion for every project. Methods of environmental evaluation system, multi-criteria analysis or cost-benefit analysis might be used. Just like ad hoc methods, checklists, matrices, overlays, networks, cost-benefit analysis, simulation modeling, and system analysis, etc. The superiorities and deficiencies of all the main can be assessed by six indices. The procedures for basin environmental impact assessment are same as those for a water resources project, but the methods are not so perfect now. A method is based on the quantified indices of environmental impacts, subject to satisfying of the multipurpose of development as its constraints and the minimum of total adverse impact (as people displaced) as objectives, by the dynamic programming technique and the matrixapproach etc., to layout the plan and determine the scale of each water project. For example, Dongjiang River Basin (in Guandong Province) planning, the weighted region controlling approach and keyelements controlling approach have been used for fuzzy assessment. Another approach used by individual organization is: ? Considering all projects or components of components of the whole basin as a unit or several suitable units to assess the whole environmental impacts on the upper part (above the lowest cascade) of the basin.? Computing the total indices of the conjunctive operation of all projects of the basin such as the changing of hydrologic and sedimentation regime, etc. to assess the whole environmental impacts on the middle, lower reaches, and the estuary. ? Preparing the EIA of single key project or its coordination with other projects in order to prevent the negation of the key project by environmental impacts to influence the feasibility of the whole plan. Research of the important points for EIA 1 Levels of the environmental systems.The environment is a complicated system. For EIA the totality of environment should be divided into several levels of sub-systems. Usually under the totality of environment it is divided into four levels of sysrt4ema, namely environmental categories, environmental components, environmental parameters, and environmental measurements. In China the environmental categories are further classified as natural environment and social environment. Under the item of natural environment it is again subdivided into many environmental components such as local climate of reservoir area, which again consists of the environmental parameters such as precipitation. Wind and fog as their sublevel. For evaluation of thechange of precipitation many values of environmental measurements such as internal moisture, external moisture, and their relationships to precipitations are utilized. 2 Geographic study areasThe area affected by a project is determined on the scale, character, and location of the project. In addition to the regions directly affected by the project, effects on certain neighboring regions, on the whole basin, on a neighboring basin, and even on the estuary should be considered. The affected area is not the same for each plan and for each environmental factor, but the affected areas for all alternative plans should be coordinated. In other words, the area of study should include the whole area affected as well as some additional area for putting the effects into perspective. In the case of a water quality parameter, such as temperature, the area affects into perspective. In the area and the reaches downstream, where the temperature of the water is estimated to change at least 1.0 .3 Time frame for comparisonsIn a planning investigation, the time frame for making comparisons of environmental effects should be the same as the time frame for makingeconomic evaluations. Ordinarily, projections are made based on the future with and without project conditions for the time levels of under construction, completion and in operation (25 years after completion).外文译文:水利工程环境影响评价环境影响评价是评价由于人类的活动(如兴建大坝工程等)所引起的环境改变及其影响，它是区域开发和建谈项目环境管理的一种战略防御手段。
第五章环境影响评价与安全预评价大纲要求一、环境影响评价的发展与管理体系、相关法律法规体系和技术导则的应用二、环境影响评价的要求和内容三、环境影响的经济损益分析四、安全预评价考试情况分析本章中环境影响评价制度，2019年的真题中全部集中在环境影响评价这一节。
环境保护的对象，环境影响评价制度，环境影响评价文件的组成、文件的报批等是历年考试的热点。
另外,环境影响评价三个层次的意义，环境影响评价的资质管理、分类管理，建设项目环境影响评价的内容，规划环境影响评价文件的内容，环境价值的衡量还可能是将来考试的重点。
对于安全预评价的内容，要注意安全预评价的目的、时间，安全预评价报告的内容等知识点。
第一节环境影响评价一、环境影响评价的基础（一）环境影响评价的概念1.环境的概念环境，是指影响人类生存和发展的各种天然的和经过人工改造的自然因素的总体。
环境的两个特点：①主体是人类；②既包括天然的自然环境，也包括人工改造后的自然环境。
2.环境影响评价的概念环境影响评价，是指对规划和建设项目实施后可能造成的环境影响进行分析、预测和评估，提出预防或者减轻不良环境影响的对策和措施，进行跟踪监测的方法和制度。
《中华人民共和国环境保护法》和其他相关法律还规定：“建设项目防治污染的设施，必须与主体工程同时设计，同时施工，同时投产使用（简称“三同时”）。
防治污染的设施必须经原审批环境影响报告书的环境保护行政部门验收合格后，该建设项目方可投入生产或者使用。
”“三同时”制度和建设项目竣工环境保护验收是对环境影响评价的延续，从广义上讲，也属于环境影响评价范畴。
（二）环境保护法律法规体系1.法律2.环境保护行政法规3.政府部门规章4.环境保护地方性法规和地方性规章（三）环境标准和环境影响评价技术导则1.环境影响评价依据的环境标准体系1）按类型分。
环境标准按类型分为环境质量标准、污染物排放标准（或控制标准）、环境基础标准、环境检测方法标准、环境标准样品标准。
中国区TCCQS受控文件China Division TCCQS Document 要求RequirementTCCQS Evolution 3 - Environmental Performance Standard可口可乐质量体系第三版 － 环保的执行标准颁布日期Issue Date ：2005-1-10TCCQS-04 共34页第1页Page 1 of 34认可Approval ：徐国民——中国区品质保证部经理签署Signature ：The Coca-Cola Quality System – Evolution 3Environmental Performance StandardsCopyright © 2003 The Coca-Cola Company颁布日期Issue Date ：2005-1-10TCCQS-04共34页第2页 Page 2 of 34Facility 装瓶厂Division 区域公司 Corporate 总部认可Approval ：徐国民——中国区品质保证部经理签署Signature ：3.1.1Environmental Aspects 环境因素Conduct an initial assessment, and periodic reassessment, of facility activities and operational areas to identify and evaluate environmental aspects and impacts such as fleet operations, the use of water, energy, packaging and hazardousmaterials, and the management of wastes. Takeinto account possible future environmental impacts and assess the environmental impact in normal,abnormal and emergency situations. Do notexclude activities, products or services which may have an environmental impact which you can influence.对企业的活动和运作区域进行初始评审和定期的再评审，以找出存在的环境因素和冲击，并对这些环境因素和冲击进行评估。
Document Change NoticeInitiator/ Originator NameTom ZhongSignature DateQuality System Representative NameKP HongSignature DateChange DetailsReason for changeRevise to add OHSAS18001 requirement.Type of Change[ ] Initial[ X ] Revise : Partial / Complete[ ] ObsoleteCategory Of Change[ X ] Permanent[ ] Temporary : From To DCN NO.11-0039Document ReviewReview XX-03-3001 PCN Spec[ ] Yes [ X ] No[ ] Major [ ] Minor FMEAReview [ ] Yes [ X ] No Update [ ] Yes [ X ] No Control PlanReview [ ] Yes [ X ] No Update [ ] Yes [ X ] No FormReview [ X ] Yes [ ] No Update [ X ] Yes [ ] NoApprovalsName Signature Date Director of Engineering Wyman WangSr. Manufacturing Manager Darwin ZhangSr. Quality Manager KP HongDirector of Operation Erwin ChanVP of Operation Simon TamForm-QES2-1001-01FDOCUMENT REVISION HISTORYREV DCN REVISION DESCRIPTION DATE INITIATOR00010203 09-E00209-E02610-E00211-0039Initial release.Update the formsRevise document No. from XX-EM-2002 toXX-E2-0002, update form no.Revise to add OHSAS18001requirement.01-Mar-0910-Jun-0904-Mar-1006-Jan-11Tom ZhongTom ZhongTom ZhongTom Zhong1. 0 Purpose目的1.1 To ensure that the company and all its employees understand, subscribes and fullycomplies to the Environmental & Occupational Health and Safety Legal and other requirements.为了确保本公司及全体员工的理解，赞同并完全遵守环保、职业健康安全法律法规和其他要求，特制定本程序。
In the environmental effect appraisal's public participation is refers to the policy-making side or between the construction side same public's one kind of two-way exchange, establishes the public to participate in the environment management by supervision the normal mechanism. This article has summarized in the environmental effect appraisal “the public participation〞the concept and the characteristic, introduced in the domestic and foreign environmental effect appraisal the public participation the production and the development, and aim at current various countries through the reference massive literature material the present situation which the public participation about the environmental effect appraisal, participates in the type, the content, the implementation principle and the implementing procudure four big aspects from the public, the public participated in the fundamental mode to the environmental effect appraisal in carrying on the preliminary discussion, through carried on the analysis again to the case, proposed in the environmental effect appraisal “the public participation〞the implementing procudure for the information issued, the information feedback, the information compiled (including quantitative processing), the communication as well asCarries on the project decision-making, finally aimed in the present environmental effect appraisal the public to participate in the pattern existence the question proposing the corresponding countermeasure.The way in which businesses will react and behave depend on a range of factors. Micro factors may be controllable, however, companies also need to be aware of the macro factors which they cannot control but will still impact on their business. The decision of how to react then has to be taken with consideration to a range of stakeholders. Nike, as an international brand name has a large number of stakeholders, from employees, contractors and customers as well as shareholders through to less direct stakeholders such as the families of employees and residents near their offices or contracts factories. The decision they make will reflect the political, economic, social and technological environment.There are many political factors that may impact on Nike. As an international company, there is a strong association with their home nation. This American based firm sells anything sports related from trainers and football boots to T-shirts and sweatbands (Thompson, 1997). As such this company has some very profound strength. The brand name is recognised on a global basis and perceived as a good quality brand with superior performance. It has also gained a reputation as a ‘designer’ label, and as such has become very attractive to many teenagers and fashion conscious young people. With the opening up of markets and a larger amount of pull factors we can see that Nike is making success international markets such as Russian. With the current disagreement with the attitude of the US over the way in which Iraq should be dealt with there is the creation of some level of alienation. The impact may be that American goods in countries such as Russia and Germany become less popular as a result of the political environment.Top 10 Things You Can Do to Reduce Global WarmingBurning fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, oil and gasoline raises the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and carbon dioxide is a major contributor to the greenhouseeffect and global warming.You can help to reduce the demand for fossil fuels, which in turn reduces global warming, by using energy more wisely. Here are 10 simple actions you can take to help reduce global warming.1. Reduce, Reuse, RecycleDo your part to reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of disposables. Buying products with minimal packaging (including the economy size when that makes sense for you) will help to reduce waste. And whenever you can, recycle paper, plastic, newspaper, glass and aluminum cans. If there isn't a recycling program at your workplace, school, or in your community, ask about starting one. By recycling half of your household waste, you can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.2. Use Less Heat and Air ConditioningAdding insulation to your walls and attic, and installing weather stripping or caulking around doors and windows can lower your heating costs more than 25 percent, by reducing the amount of energy you need to heat and cool your home.Turn down the heat while you’re sleeping at night or away during the day, and keep temperatures moderate at all times. Setting your thermostat just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher in summer could save about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each year.3. Change a Light BulbWherever practical, replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. Replacing just one 60-watt incandescent light bulb with a CFL will save you $30 over the life of the bulb. CFLs also last 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, use two-thirds less energy, and give off 70 percent less heat.If every U.S. family replaced one regular light bulb with a CFL, it would eliminate 90 billion pounds of greenhouse gases, the same as taking 7.5 million cars off the road.4. Drive Less and Drive SmartLess driving means fewer emissions. Besides saving gasoline, walking and biking are great forms of exerc ise. Explore your community’s mass transit system, and check out options for carpooling to work or school.When you do drive, make sure your car is running efficiently. For example, keeping your tires properly inflated can improve your gas mileage by more than 3 percent. Every gallon of gas you save not only helps your budget, it also keeps 20 pounds of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.5. Buy Energy-Efficient ProductsWhen it's time to buy a new car, choose one that offers good gas mileage. Home appliances now come in a range of energy-efficient models, and compact florescent bulbs are designed to provide more natural-looking light while using far less energy than standard light bulbs.Avoid products that come with excess packaging, especially molded plastic and other packaging that can't be recycled. If you reduce your household garbage by 10 percent, you can save 1,200 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.6. Use Less Hot WaterSet your water heater at 120 degrees to save energy, and wrap it in an insulating blanket if it is more than 5 years old. Buy low-flow showerheads to save hot water and about 350 pounds of carbon dioxide yearly. Wash your clothes in warm or cold water to reduce your use of hot water and the energy required to produce it. That change alone can save at least 500 pounds of carbon dioxide annually in most households. Use the energy-saving settings on your dishwasher and let the dishes air-dry. 7. Use the "Off" SwitchSave electricity and reduce global warming by turning off lights when you leave a room, and using only as much light as you need. And remember to turn off your television, video player, stereo and computer when you're not using them.It's also a good idea to turn off the water when you're not using it. While brushing your teeth, shampooing the dog or washing your car, turn off the water until you actually need it for rinsing. You'll reduce your water bill and help to conserve a vital resource.8. Plant a TreeIf you have the means to plant a tree, start digging. During photosynthesis, trees and other plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. They are an integral part of the natural atmospheric exchange cycle here on Earth, but there are too few of them to fully counter the increases in carbon dioxide caused by automobile traffic, manufacturing and other human activities. A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its lifetime.9. Get a Report Card from Your Utility CompanyMany utility companies provide free home energy audits to help consumers identify areas in their homes that may not be energy efficient. In addition, many utility companies offer rebate programs to help pay for the cost of energy-efficient upgrades. 10. Encourage Others to ConserveShare information about recycling and energy conservation with your friends, neighbors and co-workers, and take opportunities to encourage public officials to establish programs and policies that are good for the environment.These 10 steps will take you a long way toward reducing your energy use and your monthly budget. And less energy use means less dependence on the fossil fuels that create greenhouse gases and contribute to global warming.在环境影响评价的公众参与是指决策方或施工方之间的同公众的一种双向交流中，建立公众参与的环境监督治理的正常机制。
