七年级英语下册语法总结
一、一般现在时
1. 构成：主语+动词+其他
2. 标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等频率副词。
3. 否定句：1)当动词是be, can, may, must, should等在其后加not
e.g. I can’t play football.
2)当是实义动词时加助动词don’t/doesn’t后跟动词原形
e.g. I don’t like football. She doesn’t like football.
4. 疑问句：1)当动词是be, can, may, must, should等将其提前
e.g. Can you swim?
2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原
形。 e.g. Does she like football?
5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 e.g When does she usually get up in the morning? 二、现在进行时
1. 构成：主语+be+doing+其他
2. 动词→动词-ing变化规律：
1）一般情况下直接加-ing, eg. Working
2）以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing, eg. Taking
3）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ing, eg. Stopping
4）特殊变化, lie—lying
3. 标志词：look, listen, now, at the moment, it’s…o’clock…
4. 否定句：be动词后加not
e.g. She is not listening to music.
5. 疑问句：将be动词提前
e.g . Is she listening to music?
6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句e.g What is she doing now?
三、将来时
1. 构成：主语+be going to+动词原形主语＋will＋动词原形
2. 标志词：tomorrow, next day/month/year等表示将来的时间
3. 否定句：be动词后加not；will后加not
e.g. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend.
He will not have a piano lesson this weekend.
4. 疑问句：将be动词提前；将will提前
e.g. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?
Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?
5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What are you going to do tomorrow?
What will you do tomorrow?
四、过去时
1. 构成：主语+动词过去时+其他
2. 标志词：yesterday, just now, …ago, this morning, when I was young,last…等
3. 动词→动词过去式变化规律：
1）一般动词结尾加-ed, e.g. Walk—walked
2）以字母e结尾的动词加- d, e.g. Live--lived
3）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed, e.g. Hurry—hurried
4）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ed, eg. Stop –stopped 特殊变化详见课本P172
4. 否定句：1）动词be过去式后直接加not
e.g. I was not in Chengdu last year.
2) 当是实义动词时，加助动词didn’t后跟动词原形
e.g. I didn’t telephone my parents yesterday.
5. 疑问句：1) 动词be过去式提前
e.g. Were you in Chengdu last year?
2) 当是实义动词时将助动词did 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形
e.g. Did you telephone my parents yesterday?
6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句e.g What did you do yesterday?
五、形容词、副词比较级，最高级
1. 形容词
（1）在句子中做定语，一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody时，要放于其后。e.g. I have an interesting book. There is nothing serious.
(2) 作表语，放在系动词之后。
e.g. This kind of dress is expensive.
(3) 以a-开头的形容词，一般在句子中只能作表语。e.g. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in the room.
(4) 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。e.g. The good news makes us very happy. 2. 副词
副词在句子中主要做状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时，一般放在行为动词之后；修饰形容词时，一般放在形容词之前；表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首；频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。 e.g. I can’t hear you clearly.
3. 比较级用法
（1）可以单独使用eg. I hope to do better in English.
（2）和than一起用eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin Tao.
（3）其他几种用法
a. 两者比较，哪一个更怎么样？Who/Which + be+比较级，A or B?
e.g. Who did better, Lucy or Lily?
b. 用比较级形式表达最高级意义
比较级+than any other+n.+比较级范围（in/of…）=比较级+than any of the others+ in/of…
=比较级+than the other+n.+in/of…(在同一范围内比较) 比较级+than any + n.+ in/of…(在两个不同范围内比较) e.g. Kate is more careful than any other girl in our class Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province.
c. 越来越怎么样？―比较级+and+比较级‖
e.g. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
d. 有范围的两者之间的比较用―the+形容词比较级+of the two‖
eg. My mother is the busier of the two.
e. 用来修饰比较级的副词有：much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a litter; even;still等
4. 最高级用法用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较，形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词前的the可以省略。
a. 最高级+范围
eg. Changjian is the longest river in China.
b. 主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较级范围（of/in短语），表示―最……的……之一‖。eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous heroes in China.
c. 主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比较范围，表示―……是……的第几‖。eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
八年级上册语法复习
一、行为动词的一般过去时
1、过去式的构成规则
（1）一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed. 如：want—wanted
（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed. 如：hope—hoped
（3）重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed. 如：stop—stopped
（4）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词改y为i，再加-ed. 如：study—studied 注意：不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。
2、实义动词过去式的句式。
①肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。
如：They had a good time yesterday.
②否定式：主语+did not（didn’t）+动词原形+其它。如：They didn’t watch TV last night.
③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？
肯定回答：Yes，主语+did. 否定回答：No，主语+didn’t. 如：Did they have a meeting two days ago？Yes，they did. / No，they didn’t.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：What time did you finish your homework？
3．一般过去时的用法：
a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。
My father worked in Shanghai last year.
b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often，always等表示频度的时间状语连用。
I often went to school on foot.
c.与when等连词引导的状语从句连用。When he got home，he had a short rest. 4．一般过去时的时间状语：a moment ago（刚才），yesterday morning，last night/ week，
the day before yesterday（前天），just now（刚才），in 2006, three days ago等
对应练习：
用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. I __________ ( go) to school yesterday.
2. She_________ ( play ) football last week.
3. Look! Jack _________ ( sing ) now.
4.You_____(read)the new paper the day before yesterday.
5. I _________ ( see ) Jack in the zoo last weekend.
6. I __________ (do) my homework last night
7.She _________(open)the mailbox the day after tomorrow.
8. I _______ ( help ) the little baby drink the milk the next morning.
9. The farmers __________ (work) on the farm next week.
10. My parents_________ ( watch) TV last Monday. 句型转换
1. I went to the party last Friday. （改为一般疑问句）______ you ______ to the party last Friday?
2. I had a nice time last Sunday. （改为一般疑问句）______ you _______ nice time last Sunday?
3. We went to London two years ago. （对划线部分提问）______ ______ you_______ to London?
4. He did his homework in the morning. （改为否定句）He_____ ______ his homework in the morning.
二、现在完成时
谓语构成：助动词have / has +动词的过去分词用法：
（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already (已经), ever (曾经),yet ,just (刚刚),before (以前) 等词连用。
（2）表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。标志词：（1）just，never，ever，already，yet等
（2）for ＋一段时间；since＋点时间或引导时间状语从句（一般多为过去时（3）so far(到目前为止)；in the past/last＋表示一段时间的词语各种句式结构：
肯定式：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他e.g I have lived here for ten years.
Lucy has lived here since 2001.
否定式：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词+其他 e.g They haven’t had breakfast yet.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？e.g Have you ever been to Beijing?
特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？ e.g How long has he lived here? 练习：
写出下列动词的过去分词形式：
1、see—
2、hear—
3、study—
4、stop—
5、write—
6、teach—
7、catch—8、go—9、play—10、live—11、make—12、forget—(一)考查现在完成时的一般用法( )1．——Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening? ——No，I won’t．I_______it already．
A．saw B．have seen C．see D．will see
( )2.Gone with the Wind is a well—known novel．She_______ it twice．A．read B．is
reading C．reads D．has read ( )3．——How long_____ you_____ here? ——For about two years so far．
A. have; studied
B. did; live
C. do; stay
D. have changed
（二）考查非延续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式
( )1．——Oh．Mrs．king, your dress looks nice．Is it new? ——No，I_____ it since two years ago.
A．had B．have had C．bought D．have bought ( )2．Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend．He____it for a week．
A．has borrowed B.has lent C.has kept D．lend
( )3.The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer_____for half an hour．A．has left B．has gone C. has been away
D. has gone away
(三)考查have／has been to，have／has gone to与have／has been in的区别
( )1．——Where's your father?
——He____ Shanghai．He’ll be back next week．
A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to ( )2．——Where is David? ——He_____to England on business．
A．is going B．has gone C．has been D．goes
( )3.——_____ you ever_____ to the United States? —----Yes, twice．A．Have; gone B．Have; been C．Do；go D．Were; going
(四)考查for与since接时间状语时的区别
( )1．——What a nice dog! How long have you had it? ----_____two years．A．For B．Since C. In ( )2．Miss Gao has taught in this school____ 1993．A. for B．at C．in D．since
(五)考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
( )1．---He has already gone to England．
---When______ he_______ there?
A．will; go B．is; going C．did; go D．has; gone
( )2．—Have you read this book?—yes, I____it two weeks ago.．
A．am reading B．have read C．will read D．read
(六)现在完成时在特定语境下的使用
( )1．——Helen，I told you to do your home-work as carefully as you can? ——Yes，but I——fewer mistakes than I usually do．
A．was making B．have made C．will make D．had made ( )2．——Has the match started?
——Started? Finished！Guo Yue______．
A．is winning B．wins C．will win D．has won
( )3. Xiao Wang_____ English for thirteen years. So he can speak quite good English. A. had learned B. has learned C. will be learning D. learns ( )4. The film_______for half an hour. A. has begun B. has been begun
C. has been on
D. began
( )5. You don’t have to describe her. I______her several times. A. had met B. have met C. meet D. met
( )6. Miss Yang is not at home. She____to the school library. A. went B. has been
C. goes
D. has gone
( )7. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People._____? A. hasn’t he B. has he
C. does he
D. doesn’t he
三、过去进行时
谓语构成: was/were+ 现在分词V-ing
用法：表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态时间状语：at this time yesterday （昨天这个时候）
at that time last week（上周那个时候）at nine yesterday evening（昨晚九点时）
from seven to ten last night（昨晚从七点到十点）等，when或while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句。
e.g I was reading a newspaper when he came in．他进来时，我正在看报。
While I was walking home, I met Mr Green. 我步行回家时遇到了格林先生. My father was reading a newspaper while my mother was cooking. 妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报。注：while 引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句，两个过去进行时并用，表示动作同时发生。各种句式结构:
肯定式：主语+was/ were +v-ing +其它
e.g He was sleeping when she arrived. 她到达时他正在睡觉。
否定式：主语+ was／were not +v- ing+其它
e.g They weren’t planting trees at nine yesterday . 昨天早上九点他们不在植树。一般疑问句：Was／Were+主语+v-ing +其它?
e.g Was he playing football when you rang me?你打电话给我时．他正在踢足球吗? 特殊疑问句:
疑问词+was／were+主语+v -ing +其它?
e.g What was Peter doing at this time last week? 上周这个时候彼特在于什么?
练习：
用was/were填空:
1、I＿＿＿listening to the music.
2、She＿＿＿playing the piano.
3、They＿＿looking at the flowers.
4、We＿＿＿having a picnic.
5、Lingling ＿＿＿watching TV.
6、Two boys＿＿＿reading book.
7、Your uncle and aunt＿＿visiting the Great Wall. 8、Everyone＿＿＿having lunch.
9、People＿＿working on the farm. 10、Some women＿＿singing pop music.
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.You____________ (have) a meeting at 9 last Monday morning．
2.They__________ (play)football when I passed．
3.She___________ (take)a walk when we had a talk．
4.____they _______ (try)to draw horses on the blackboard when the teacher came in?
5. The students _________ (1isten)to the teacher carefully while he was teaching 。
四、反意疑问句语法归纳
1、概念：当我们陈述一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。
意义：相当于中文的“………, 对吧/是吧?”
构成：陈述句+简短问句【助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语（代词）】
规律：陈述句是肯定的，简短问句用否定形式；而陈述句是否定的，简短问句就用肯定形式；（前肯后否，前否后肯）。
2、祈使句用于反意疑问句中
这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。
句型1: Let’s+动词原形+其它，shall we? 例：Let’s go for a walk, shall we? 而Let us go for a walk, will you?
句型2:其它形式的祈使句，will you? Come into the classroom, will you? Please be careful, will you? Don’t panic（恐慌）,will you? 注意：There be句型
1﹒There is an old picture on the wall, isn’t there?
2. There aren’t any children in the room, are there?
3.There wasn’t a telephone call for me, was there?
4．There were enough people to pick apples, weren’t there?
5．There will be a basketball match tomorrow, won’t there?
★值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not），而是用上了―never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody‖等表否定意义的词，后半部分应用肯定疑问式。①You have never been to Beijing, have you? ②Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? ③There is little milk in the bottle, is there? ④He could do nothing, could he?
练习：
完成下列反意疑问句：
1. Mary listened to pop music,______ ______?
2. He has never been to Shanghai_____ _____?
3.He has few friends at school,______ _______?
4.The music sounds beautiful,_______ _______?
5.You can’t dance to jazz,______ _____?
6.They weren’t at the co ncert,______ _______?
7.Let’s stop writing,_______ _______?
8.Don’t be late,_______ ________?
五、动词不定式
动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为＂to+动词原形＂，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：
1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。
2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。
（一）、动词不定式作主语
( ) 1. It's hard for us ______English well.
A. learn
B. learns
C. to learn
D. learning
( )2. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup. A. for，of B. of，for
C. to，for
D. of，to
［简析］动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +名词短语(for sb)to do sth.
句式(1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(2)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。
（二）、动词不定式作宾语
( )1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy
B. buying
C. to buy
D. buys
( )2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring
B. bringing
C. to take
D. taking ( )3. He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping
B. sleeps
C. slept
D. to fall asleep
［简析］在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。
（三）、动词不定式作宾语补足语
( )1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
A. help him
B. to help him with
B. C. to help with D. helps him with
( )2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.
A. cook
B. cooks
C. to cook
D. cooked
［简析］不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow 等。
（四）、动词不定式作状语
( )1. She went ______ her teacher.
A. to see
B. looks
C. saw
D. seeing
( )2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.
A. learn
B. learning
C. to learn
D. learns
［简析］go，come，try，do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。( )3. I'm sorry ______ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ( )4. I'm sorry ______ you.
A. trouble
B. to trouble
C. troubling
D. troubled
( )5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend.
A. to meet
B. meet
C. met
D. meets
［简析］＂be +形容词+ to do sth＂结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。
（五）、动词不定式作定语
( )1. Would you like something ______? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks ( )2. I have a lot of homework ______. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do ( )3. He is not an easy man ______. A. get on B. to get on
C. get on with
D. to get on with
［简析］不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。
（六）、不带to的动词不定式
( )1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered
( )2. So much work usually makes them ______ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel
( )3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better______.
A. not wake up him
B. not to wake up him
C. not wake him up
D. not to wake him up
［简析］1.在see，watch，hear，feel等感官动词和make，have，let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.
2.在＂had better＂后面接不带to的不定式。
（七）、动词不定式的否定形式
( )1. The old man told the child ______ noisy.
A. not be
B. not to be
C. to not be
D. be not
( )2. There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try ______ late. A. have，not to be B. have，not be
C. be，not to be
D. be，not be
［简析］动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.
（八）、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别( )1. Please stop ______ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has
( )2. ——Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?
——Sorry, I forgot ______ some money with me. A. take B. taking C. to take D. too
( )3. ——Let's have a rest, shall we?
——Not now, I can't stop ______ the letters.
A.write
B. to write
C. writing
D. and write
（）4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop ______ (walk).
六、双宾语用法要点
此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，He brings me cookies every day.
She made me a beautiful dress. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：
（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, return, send, show, teach,等。（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, get, make, sing,等。
七年级英语下册语法整理 一、可数名词的单数变复数规则（规则变化）: ①绝大多数名词的复数形式是在名词词尾加s，例如：ｂａｇ—ｂａｇｓ，ａｐｐｌｅ－ａｐｐｌｅｓ； ②以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加es。例如：family- families，dictionary- dictionaries； ③在以s，x, sh，ch 结尾的名词后加es。例如：Class- Classes，watch（手表）-watches； ④在以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为ves。例如：wife-wives，leaf-leaves； ⑤以o结尾的名词，有生命的加s，没有生命的加es。例如：piano-pianos，tomato-tomatoes，zoo-zoos。 可数名词的单数变复数（不规则变化）: man-men；woman-women；child-children；chinese- chinese；Japanese- Japanese 二、一般现在时 含义：表反复、经常发生的动作，或存在的状态。 结构：常体现在动词上。当主语是第一人称、第二人称和第三人称复数形式时，动词用原形；当主语是第 三人称单数形式时，动词用三单式。 标志：常与often,usually,always,every day/morning/week/month/year…,sometimes(有时),on Sundays,never(从不,从来没有),once a week(每周一次)等连用。 用法：（1）一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态。例如： ①I am a student.我是一个学生。(存在的状态)②He likes． apples.他喜欢苹果。③She has a bike.她有一辆自行车。 这些动词常与often,usually,always,every day/morning/week/month/year…,sometimes(有时),on Sundays,never(从不,从来没有),once a week(每周一次)等连用。例如： ④I go to school every day.我每天去上学。⑤He doesn't work on Sundays.他星期天不工作。 （2）表示普遍真理或客观事实。例如：① It is hot in summer.夏天天气热。(普遍真理/客观事实) ②There is a big tree near the house.房子附近有一棵大树。(客观事实) ③The sun rises．(v, 升起)in the east.太阳从东方升起。(普遍真理) (3)表示主语的特征、性格、状态或能力等。例如： ①He is at work now.他现在在工作。（表示主语的状态） ②Do you speak English?你会讲英语吗？（表示主语的能力） ③I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。（表示主语的喜好） (4)表示计划、安排的将来动作，也可用一般现在时。如go,come,leave,arrive, be,start,begin等动词常可以这样使用。例如：①She comes． back tonight.她今晚回来。（现在还未到晚上，她还未回来） ②The metting is at 8:30,don't be late .八点钟开会，别迟到。（会还未开，还没有迟到） 构成:一般现在时由“主语+动词”构成。根据我们的学习内容，把动词分为三类—系动词be（即is，am，are），have
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? 一．短语： 1 ．be from = come from来自于---- 2．live in 居住在--- 3．on weekends 在周末 4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上in China在中国 6．pen pal笔友14 years old14岁favorite subject 最喜欢的科目7．the United States 美国the United Kingdom 英国New York 纽约8．speak English 讲英语like and dislike 爱憎 9．go to the movies 去看电影play sports 做运动 二．重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the post office? 一．Asking ways: (问路) 1．Where is (the nearest) ……？（最近的）……在哪里？ 2．Can you tell me the way to ……？你能告诉我去……的路吗？3．How can I get to ……？我怎样到达……呢？ 4．Is there ……near here / in the neighborhood?附近有……吗？5．Which is the way to ……？哪条是去……的路？
初一下册英语语法总结 初一下册英语语法总结 7.if+一般现在时.剩下部分一般将来时(will)8.When someone is in trouble we mustn't laugh at him.9.It's the +n beginning of a new term.三种时态:一般过去时态Be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not, was not=wasn’t/were not=weren’t。一般疑问句是把was/were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。实义动词过去式的句式： 肯定式： 主语+动词故去式+其它。如，They had a good time yesterday.否定式： 主语+did not+动词原形+其他。如，They didn’t have a good time yesterday.一般疑问句： Did+主语+动词原形+其它?肯定回答： Yes,主语+did. 否定回答： No,主语+didn’t.如，Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?如，What time did you finish your homework?一般现在时态当主语是第三人称单数时，肯定句为： 主语+动词的s形式+宾语否定句为： 主语+助动词doesn't+动词原形+宾语疑问句为：
Does+主语+动词原形+宾语肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词does.注： 第三人称单数用了 does 后面就不用动词的s形式了,而用动词原形.动词的一般现在时态, 除了第三人称单数(he she it) 外,其余都 用动词原形。当主语是其他人称时，肯定句为： 主语+动词原形+宾语否定句为： 主语+助动词don't+动词原形+宾语疑问句为： Do+主语+动词原形+宾语肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词do.注： 变为疑问句,要在句首加"do" ; 变为否定句, 要在动词前面加"do not", 可以简写为 "don't".知识点： 1.现在进行时的主要结构用来表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行的动作和用来表示当前的活动或现极端一直在进行着的动作。在其句子中 一般都会有两个词与时态有关： 1)表示时间的状语2)动词的相应变化。如，I’m reading a book now.在这个句子中，时间状语now,决定了时态为现在进行时，而动词am reading也体现了现在进行时。肯定句： 主语+be+v.ing+…否定句： 主语+be+v.ing+…疑问句： Be+主语+ving?特殊疑问句+be+主语+ving?2.ving形式的构成1)直接在动词原形末尾加-ing,如play-playing2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing,如have-having3)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，结尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个字母，再加-ing。如，begin-beginning。
一. 情态动词can的用法 can+动词原形，它不随主语的人称和数而变化。 1. 含有can的肯定句：主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。 2. 含有can的否定句：主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。 3. 变一般疑问句时，把can提前：Can+主语+动词原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语+can。否定回答：No，主语+can't. 4. 含有can的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他？ I can speak English.→I can't speak English.→Can you speak English? →What can you speak? 二. what time和when引导的特殊疑问句 1. 询问钟点时用what time，询问日期、月份、年份时用when。 2. What's the time?=What time is it?现在几点了？ 3. 时刻表达法：顺读法和逆读法。 顺读法：“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。 如：7: 05 seven five；8:16 eight sixteen 逆读法：借助介词past或to表示，要先说分再说钟点。 a. 当分钟不超过30分钟时（包括30分钟），即<或=30，用past表示。其结构为：“分钟+past+整点”意为“几点过几分”。 如：1:25 twenty-five past one b. 当超过30分钟时，即>30，用to表示。其结构为：“所差分钟（即60—所过分钟数）+to+下一个整点”，to译成“差”，差几分钟到几点。 如：4:38 twenty-two to five c. 当分钟为30分钟用half表示，当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。 三. how引导的特殊疑问句 1. how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式，其答语分三种情况： a. take a/an/the+交通工具（单数） b. by+交通工具（单数） c. on/in+限定词+交通工具
七年级下册英语语法复习 英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词;凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。 (1)可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或some many等修饰。如：a man a desk an apple an orange some books s ome children tow pens (2)不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰，但可以用some a little much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配，这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的，有单数形式，也可以有复数形式。如：s ome water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink som e glasses of water 2、祈使句 祈使句用来表示请求、命令等，句中没有主语，肯定形式由谓语或者谓语宾语( 宾语补足语)构成，否定形式则在句前加Don’t. Stand up, please. 请起立。 $ Don’t worry. 别担心。 can的用法： can是情态动词，表示“能，会，可以，被允许等”，其后接动词原形，否定形式为cannot，可缩写为can’t. She can speak Japanese. 她会讲日语。
I can’t remember his name. 我不记得他的名字了。 Can you spell your name 你会拼写你的名字吗 3、现在进行时态 ！ 概念：表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作，也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。 结构：由be动词(am, is, are) 动词ing构成，其中be动词要与主语保持性数一致。 Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。 --What are you doing now你现在在干什么 --I’m reading English. 我正在读英语。 Are they drawing the pictures now他们正在画画吗 动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的，规则变化如下： 动词ing形式叫动词现在分词，其构成如下： , 1) 直接在动词后加ing play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing 2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking 3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个辅音字母，再加ing
七年级下册英语语法重点归纳整理 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? 一.短语： 1 .be from = come from 来自于---- 2. live in 居住在--- 3. on weekends 在周末 4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人 5 .in the world 在世界上in China 在中国 6.pen pal 笔友14 years old 14岁favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7.the United States 美国the United Kingdom 英国New York 纽约 8.speak English 讲英语like and dislike 爱憎 9.go to the movies 去看电影play sports 做运动 二.重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
七年级英语语法上册下册总结： 一、七年级英语语法——词法 1、名词 A）、名词的数 可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下： 1. 在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 2. x, sh, ch, s, ch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, 以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 4. 以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, pianos但如是辅音加o的加 es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 5. 以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 6. 单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 7. 一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 8. 单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class 班，同学, family家，家庭成员 9. 合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 10. 有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类, paper纸papers报纸， 卷子，论文, work工作works作品，工厂, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水oranges橙子, light光线lights灯, people人peoples 民族, time时间times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡 11. 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如 是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 12. 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B）名词的格 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day 三八节 三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) 分类：英语学习 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? 一．短语： 1 ．be from = come from 来自于---- 2．live in 居住在--- 3．on weekends 在周末 4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上in China 在中国 6．pen pal 笔友14 years old 14岁favorite subject 最喜欢的科目7．the United States 美国the United Kingdom 英国New York 纽约 8．speak English 讲英语like and dislike 爱憎 9．go to the movies 去看电影play sports 做运动 二．重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the pos t office? 一．Asking ways: (问路) 1．Where is (the nearest) ……？（最近的）……在哪里？2．Can you tell me the way to ……？你能告诉我去……的路吗？3．How can I get to ……？我怎样到达……呢？ 4．Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？5．Which is the way to ……？哪条是去……的路？ 二．Showing the ways: （指路） 1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。 3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。 5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（Y ou’d better+动词
初一下册英语语法总结外研版 导读：本文初一下册英语语法总结外研版，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears? (语法点总结)一．重点词组eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cuteplay with her friends kind of South Africa other animalsat night in the day every day during the day二. 交际用语1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.4. What other animals do you like?I like dogs, too. Why?Because they’re friendly and clever.5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.6. She’s very shy.7. He is from Australia. 8．He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.10．Let’s see the pandas first.11．They’re kind of interesting.12．What other animals do you like? 13．Why do you want to see the lions?三. 重点难点释义1、kind of 有点，稍微Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。kind 还有“种类”的意思如：各种各样的all kinds ofWe have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.2、China n. 中国Africa n. 非洲China 和
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar？ 1、speak ⑴speak用作及物动词，意为“说（某种语言）”，其宾语为（）。 ⑵speak用作不及物动词，意为“说话”通常着重于“说、讲”这一动作，可用于（），表示“和某人说话”。 对点训练 ①Now I can a little English. ②我可以和珍妮说话吗？ Can I Jenny. 2、want want及物动词，相当于would like，其常见搭配如下： ⑴想要某物（） ⑵想要做某事（） ⑶想要某人做某事（） 3、join与join in 对点训练 ①I want to the basketball club. ②Ann often our games. 4、be good at 意为：“擅长······”，其后可接（）、（）、（）做宾语，相当于（） 对点训练 科比擅长打篮球 ①Kobe is basketball. ② Kobe basketball. 5、tell ⑴告诉某人（不）做某事（） ⑵告诉某人某事（）或（）【提示：双宾语】
⑶告诉某人关于某事（） 对点训练 ①请你给我讲个故事好吗？ Will you please ？ ②体育老师告诉我要经常进行体育运动。 The P.E. teacher play sports often. 6、show ⑴show用作名词，意为“演出，节目”，是可数名词；其常见词组为（），意为“展出”。 ⑵show用作及物动词，意为“给······看，展示”，其后常接人做宾语，表示“向某人展示”，也可以接双宾语（）=（） ⑶其他短语 出现，露面（）；炫耀（）；带领某人参观（） 7、or ⑴or用于选择疑问句或肯定的陈述句中，意为“或者”，表示（）关系。 ⑵or用于（）中，意为“也不”，表示并列关系。 ⑶or用于“祈使句+or+陈述句”这一结构中，意为“否则”。 对点训练 ①你会唱歌或者跳舞吗？ 我想吃个苹果或者橙子。 ②我不喜欢打篮球，也不喜欢听音乐。 ③快点，否则你将会迟到 Hurry up， you’ll . 8、tall ⑴talk，speak，tell，say
七年级英语语法----时态（一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时）学习手册 在七年级英语学习中我们主要学习了３种时态，即一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时。今天我们就将这３种时态进行对比学习。Come on my friends! 一、一般现在时 定义：表示经常、反复发生的动作，经常存在的状态或者习惯性动作（有时间规律发生的事情）的一种时间状态。（很拗口，但要学会就必须深刻体会，so please 将其狂读3遍） 具体用法 1、表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。（always, usually, often, sometimes, every day\ morning\ night\ evening\afternoon\week,） e.g. I go to school at 8:00 every morning. 2 表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态及喜好等。 e.g She is 11 years old . I don’t like English. She can speak English well. 3表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g The earth moves around the sun. 基本结构构成 含有be（am、is 、are）动词的用法 肯定句：I am+其它 You \ they\ we are +其它 She \he \ it+is +其它 否定句：I am not+ 其它。 You \ they\ we are not +其它 She \he \ it+is +not +其它 一般疑问句及回答： Are you +其它？ 肯定回答：yes, I am. 否定回答：no, I am not. Are you\ they\ you+ 其它？ 肯定回答: yes,we \they are. 否定回答：no, we \they are not. Is she\ he \it+其它？ 肯定回答: yes,she \he \it is. 否定回答:no,she \he \it is not. 从上面结构中你能总结出be动词的用法吗？单数________，复数_________ ；我用_________，你用__________ ，______________-连着她他它。
2020初一下册英语语法知识点总结 初一的英语大部分都是衔接小学的，初一的英语词汇量也不多，语法和句型都比较简单，用心学就能学好。 初一下册英语语法知识 一. 时间的表达法 (1)直读式，即直接读出时间数字 7: 05 sevenfive 8:16 eight sixteen (2) 过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。(以30分为分界线) 1:25 twenty-five pastone 2:30 halfpast two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five (3)12小时制 6:00 a.m. 上午6点8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分 (4)24小时制
13:00 13点钟22:15 22点15分 (5)15分可用quarter 4:15 a quarter pastfour 5:45 a quarter to six (6)时间前通常用介词at at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m. 二. 关于时间的问法 (1)以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间点，如： ①When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候? ②My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是12月29日。 这里就是指一天的时间段 ①When do you go home? 你几点回家?
②I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午4：30回家. 这里when问的是具体的时间。 (2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问，如： ①What time is it now?/What’s the time now? 现在几点了? It’s 9:26. 现在九点二十六。 ②What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了? It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s50 minutes late. 8:36，哦，它慢了50分钟。 ③What time do you get up? 你几点起床? I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上6点起床。 初一英语基础知识 短语归纳
习题 选择 1The summer holidays are ___soon. A come B comes C coming 2. Each of us___a good plan for the holidays . A have B has C had 3. The weather gets warm .Everything____ back to life . A come B comes C came 4. Fall____ after summer ,It is the harvest season ,and the farmers are busy____. A come to harvest B come harvesting C comes harvesting - 5. It’s cool and the leaves fall from the trees ,The cold weatner _____. A comes B came C is coming you plan to travel____ you holidays .you’d better____out the weather in different places in August . A. in ; find B on ; finding C on ; find __ go to school on foot,but sometimes by bike. A usually B seldom C never 8 I__ walk to school,I ofen go by subway A usually B seldom C never 9 I __go to school by subway,Ialways take a bus. — A usually B seldom C never 10 What about _______ there by bus ,Tom A to go B going C go 11 –Hurry up ! It’s time for leave . --OK ,_________. A I‘m coming B I came C I will come 12 Tom likes ______ snowmen in winter . A make B makes C making D to make 13 –Must I finish my homework now --No,you______. | A may not B mustn’t C can not D needn’t 14 Find the answer ____ the question ,Please . A of B to C for 15 The flowers smell ______ . A well B good C bad 16 Leo likes ____ ,but he doesn’t like ____ now . A hike ; hiking B hikes ; hiking C hiking ; to hik 17 Lucy and Lily ____China next week .
课时一教学任务 一、重点语法 1.动词bｅ(aｍ,is,are）的用法： ｂe动词包括“aｍ”, “iｓ”, “aｒｅ”三种形式。 ①第一人称单数（I)配合am来用。句型解析析:I am+… ②第二人称(You)配合aｒｅ使用。句型解析:You arｅ+… ③第三人称单数(He or She or Iｔ)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He，It）is +…… ④人称复数(we/ｙoｕ/ｔｈey)配合ａｒｅ使用。句型解析：We(You, They）ａｒe +…… 例句Weａｒe in Clａss ５,Ｇｒadｅ7.They arｅmy frｉeｎdｓ.Yｏu are gｏoｄstudenｔｓ. 用法口诀: 我(I)用am, 你（ｙou）用ａre，ｉs跟着他(he）,她(she），它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用ａre。变否定,更容易,be后ｎot加上去。变疑问，往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。 一. 用括号中适当的词填空。 1.Ｉ_____＿__(am，ａre, is）frｏm Ａustralｉa. 2. She＿＿_____ (aｍ, aｒｅ, ｉs) a ｓtｕｄent. 3.Jane anｄTom _＿_＿_＿_＿_(am,iｓ, ａre)my fｒｉends． ４. Ｍy parｅｎｔs _______(am, is, are) vｅry busy eｖery daｙ. 5．＿______（Arｅ, Is,Do，Does)tｈｅrｅ a Chinｅse schoｏl in New Yorｋ? 6．__＿____ (Ｂe，Are, Ｗｅre,Wａs) thｅy eｘｃitｅd ｗhen he heard the neｗs？ 7. Ｔhｅrｅ_＿___(be) sｏｍe ｇｌasｓes on it. 8.If he ___＿_（be) fｒeｅtoｍorrow, he willｇo ｗｉth us. 一、用ｂe 动词的适当形式填空 １. I ＿_＿_＿＿ a ｂｏy. ＿_＿＿_＿yｏu a bｏy？Nｏ,I _＿＿__nｏt. 2．Ｔｈe girl______Jacｋ's sistｅr. 3．Tｈe dｏg___＿___tａll anｄｆaｔ. 4. Thｅｍａn ｗitｈｂiｇeyes______＿a teacｈer. 5. ______ ｙｏur broｔheｒin the ｃlassｒｏom? 6. Where __＿＿_ your moｔhｅr?She ______aｔhｏｍe． 7．Hoｗ＿_＿＿＿__ yｏur ｆaｔheｒ? 8. Mike ａnd Liu Tao _＿＿___ａt schｏol． 9. Whose drｅｓs ＿_____thｉs? 10. Whoseｓｏcks ＿＿＿__＿ｔhey? 11．Thaｔ＿__＿＿_ ｍy reｄｓkｉｒｔ． １2.Ｗｈo ＿_＿___I? 13．The jｅaｎs ＿＿____oｎtｈｅdesk． １4.Here _＿___＿a scarf for you. 15．Heｒｅ__＿___ ｓome sweaｔers foｒyoｕ. １6. The blaｃｋglｏves____＿＿ｆor SｕYａng. 1７. Thiｓpａｉr ｏｆｇlｏves ＿_＿___ for YaｎgＬiｎg． １8. Tｈe twｏｃuｐｓｏf miｌk ＿__＿＿fｏr ｍe. 1９. Sｏmｅtea____＿_ ｉn the glaｓs. ２０.Gao ｓhan's shirｔ__＿____ ovｅr there． 第二课时（1)英语人称代词和物主代词 一、人称代词 表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词,叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表：
人教版七年级下册英语语法总结 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? (语法点总结) 一．短语： 1 ．be from = come from 来自于---- 2． live in 居住在--- 3． on weekends 在周末 4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上in China 在中国 6．pen pal 笔友14 years old 14岁favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7．the United States 美国the United Kingdom 英国New York 纽约 8．speak English 讲英语like and dislike 爱憎 9．go to the movies 去看电影play sports 做运动二．重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself. Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?(短语句型汇总) 一、词组 be from= come form 来自... pen pal=pen friend 笔友 like and dislike 好恶；爱憎 live in….在...居住 speak English 讲英语 play sports 做体育运动 a little French 一些法语 go to the movies 去看电影