宾语从句综合分析(时态、语序、引导词-每部分均含讲解、练习和答案)

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宾语从句综合分析(时态、语序、引导词,每部分均含讲解、练习及答案)目录:(一)宾语从句基础讲解

(二)宾语从句的转化

(三)典例讲解

因此,简单地来说,整个句子担当宾语成分,那么这样的句子就叫宾语从句。

(一)宾语从句基础讲解

1. 概念: 在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。

E.g. He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)

He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)

Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)

2. 连接词

(1) 陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用that,口语中常常省略。

e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.

(2) 以 whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序

E.g. I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .

(3) 特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词;引导词后要用陈述句语序。

E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter/wrong with you?

特殊情况:当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为引导词+do you think+陈述句语序。

3. 宾语从句时态

a. 当主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句时,从句不受主句的限制,根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如:

Do you know(if/whether he has seen the film)?

b. 当主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如:

I didn't know (if/whether he had seen the film.)

注意:当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时。

例如:

He said (that the earth moves round the sun.)

The teacher told us (that light travels much faster than sound.)

4. 人称的变化和标点的使用

a. 从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。

(一主二宾三不变)

“May I use your knife?”He asked me.

→He asked me if he might use my knife.

“Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me.

→He asked me if I know her telephone number.

b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。

主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:

Who will give us a talk? I don’t know. → I don’t know who will give us a talk. Do you know?Where does he live? → Do you know where he lives?

宾语从句小口诀:

宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;

主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;

主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;

陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,

特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。

(二)宾语从句的转化

1. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。

如:

She agreed that she could help me with my maths.

→She agreed to help me with my maths.

2. 当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时,主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”。

例如:

I don't know which sweater I should buy.

→I don't know which sweater to buy.

3. 当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时,从句的主语和间接宾语一致,且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时,从句可以转化成“疑问词+不定式结构”如:→Could you tell me how to get to the park?

4. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.

→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

(三)典例讲解