2014届英语一轮指导活页作业：选修7 Unit 2 Robots

入舵市安恙阳光实验学校Unit 2 RobotsⅠ.阅读理解AI used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place, with my two daughters. The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep (陡峭) stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we went down the narrow stairs, where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.Just as I was in the middle of the stairs, a gentleman entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase (楼梯). I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up. I kept coming down as fast as I could. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, and hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort.Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.Such well­mannered people are hard to find these da ys, when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. We applauded him for his chivalry (彬彬有礼)．[语篇解读] 本文为一篇记叙文。

选修7Unit 2Robots默写识记◆默写单词1．desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求v t. 希望得到；想要2．alarm v t. 使警觉；使惊恐；惊动n. 警报；惊恐3．sympathy n. 同情(心)4．favour n. 喜爱；恩惠v t. 喜爱；偏袒5．accompany v t. 陪伴；伴奏6．declare v t. 宣布；声明；表明；宣称7．grand adj. 大的；豪华的；雄伟的8．envy v t. 忌妒；羡慕9．bound adj. 一定的；密切相关的10．talent n. 天才；特殊能力；才干11．obey v t.& v i. 服从；顺从12．staff n. 全体员工；手杖◆记住词义1．overweight adj. 超重的；体重超常的2．elegant adj. 优雅的；高雅的；讲究的3．pile n. 堆；摞；叠v. 堆起；堆积；积聚4．scan v t. 粗略地看；浏览；扫描5．absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的6．awful adj. 极坏的；极讨厌的；怕的7．affair n. 事务；事情；暧昧关系8．digital adj. 数字的；数码的9．affection n. 喜爱；爱；感情10．navy n. 海军；海军部队11．divorce n. 离婚；断绝关系v t. 与……离婚；与……脱离◆写出短语1．test out 考验出；检验完2．ring up 给……打电话3．turn around 转身；翻转4．leave ...alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起5．set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间) 6．in all 一共；总计7．be bound to 一定做……联想拓展形容词后缀-ful1．awful 极坏的；可怕的2．successful 成功的3．powerful 强大的4．painful 痛苦的5．skillful 有技巧的短语串记1．leave behind 遗留；把……抛在后面2．leave aside 搁置一边3．leave for... 动身到……4．leave out 省略；遗漏5．leave over 留下；剩下－－－－－－－－－－－6．set about 着手(做某事)7．set down 记下；放下8．set off 出发；使……爆炸9．set out 出发；开始(做某事) 10．set up 开办；建立－－－－－－－－－－－11．call up 给(某人)打电话12．ring back 回电话13．call back 回电话14．ring off 挂断电话15．hang up 挂断电话16．hang on 不挂断电话－－－－－－－－－－－17．turn down 调低；拒绝18．turn up 开大；调大；出现19．turn out 结果是；证明20．turn to 求助于；翻到21．turn away 把……打发走22．turn over 翻过来；翻转经典例句①Remarks like thatbrought back painfulmemories.那样的话勾起了痛苦的回忆。

选修7 Unit 2 Robots一、单项填空1．I don’t think the experiment is ______ failure，because it has provided us with ______ valuable experience for our future tests.A．a；a B．a；/C．/；/ D．/；a解析：考查冠词。

第一个空failure是可数名词，指“一件失败的事情”，故前面用不定冠词a；第二个空后的experience表示“经验”为不可数名词，故不用冠词。

答案：B2．You ______ things about.Look，what a mess in your room!A．always throw B．have always thrownC．are always throwing D．have always been throwing解析：考查时态。

be always doing sth.表示“赞美，不满，责备”等语气，此处表示“不满”。

句意：你总是乱扔东西。

你看，你的房间内乱七八糟。

答案：C3．Does i t matter much ______ the sales manager won’t attend the meeting?A．if B．whatC．when D．that解析：that引导的从句是真正的主语从句。

句意：销售经理不参加那个会要紧吗？答案：D4．______ is known to us all is that the old scientist，for ______ life was hard in the past，still works very hard in his 80s.A．As；whom B．What；whomC．What；whose D．It；whom解析：第一个空是what引导的主语从句；第二个空是whom引导的定语从句意为“对他们来说以前的生活很艰苦”。

毛额市鹌鹑阳光实验学校Unit 2 Robots Ⅰ.阅读理解It is not only praise or punishment that determines a child's level of confidence.There are some other important ways we shape our kids—particularly by giving instructions and commands in a negative or positive choice of words.For example，we can say to a child “Don't run into traffic！” or “Stay on the footpath close to me.” In using the latter，you will be helping your kids to think and act positively，and to feel competent in a wide range of situations，because they know what to do，and aren't scaring themselves about what not to do.Why does such a small thing make a difference？It is all in the way the human mind works.What we think，we automatically rehearse (预演)．For example，if someone offered you a million dollars not to think of a blue monkey for two minutes，you wouldn't be able to do it.When a child is told “Don't fall off the tree，” he will think of two things: “don't” and “fall off the tree”．That is，he will automatically create the picture of falling off the tree in his mind.A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off.So it is far better to use “Hold on to the tree carefully.”Clear and positive instructions help kids to understand the right way to do things.Kids do not always know how to be safe，or how to react to the warning of the danger in negative words.So parents should make their commands positive.“Sam，hold on firm to the side of the boat.” is much more useful than “Don't you dare to fall out of the boat？” or worse still “Ho w do you think I'll feel if you drown？” The changes are small but the difference is obvious.Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words，so it pays to be positive.1．Positive choice of words helps kids to__________.A．do things carefullyB．build up their confidenceC．improve their imaginationD．learn in different situations2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A．A child will act on what is instructed.B．One can't help imagining what is heard.C．A child will fall off the tree when told not to.D．One won't think of a blue monkey when given money.3．Which of the following commands helps kids to be safe?A．Fasten your seat belt.B．Don't play by the lake.C．How do you think I'll feel if you get hurt?D．Don't you dare to walk through the red light?4．The main idea of the passage is that__________.A．praise makes kids confidentB．right instructions keep kids safeC．clear commands make kids differentD．choice of words can make a difference答案：[解题导语]本文主要论证了积极正面的话语更能有效地告诉孩子应该做什么，从而培养孩子的自信。

Unit 2 RobotsⅠ.阅读理解A[2020·昆明市高三复习诊断]Artificial intelligence(AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like liver cancer in ways that were never before possible.Rishi Rawat, who teaches AI at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, is part of a team of scientists researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the liver. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He say s, “You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that's important for making decisions.〞David Agus is another researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can't recognize by itself.〞Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Nowadays, researchers take a thin piece of tissue (组织), put it on a small piece of glass and add color to see the cells better. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.The researchers of the university are now only studying liver cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.1．What can AI do with the help of the information provided by the researchers?A．Recognize cancer patterns.B．Treat liver cancer.C．Collect useful information.D．Store cancerous cells.2．What can we learn about AI?A．It will be able to replace doctors.B．Patients are unlikely to be cancerous again with its help.C．It is making a difference in taking care of patients.D．It can recognize cancer more accurately.3．What's the author's attitude towards the future of AI?A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful.C．Curious. D．Cold.4．What is the best title for the text?A．AI Is Used to Treat CancersB．AI May Compete with DoctorsC．AI May Make Doctors BetterD．AI Is Better at Curing CancersB[2020·南昌模拟]Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding applications as household help and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at Ludwig­Maximilians­Universitaet(LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles.According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: “Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save humanlives？〞 The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假设的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine.The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous (无名的) humans.“This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot，〞says Paulus. “One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended function — to be of help to us.〞5．What has become a concern about robots?A．How to humanize them.B．How to treat them in life.C．How to use them effectively.D．How to find more applications.6．In the study the participants probably have to decide ________.A．when to sacrifice a robotB．where to experience risksC．which robot to work withD．what robots should be like7．What can be inferred from Paulus' words?A．Humanized robots offer less help to people.B．Humanizing robots too much may be improper.C．Certain moral status should be attached to robots.D．Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.8．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A．Robots, a Must for FutureB．Humanized Robots, a New TrendC．Robots Saved, People Take the HitD．Humanized Robots Replace HumanⅡ.七选五[2020·临川一中等六校联考]Rise and Shine All DayMaking these easy tasks part of your morning schedule will improve your nutrition, energy, and mood today — and beyond.Stretch in bed.Try this even before you open your eyes. Lift one arm and begin by stretching each finger, then your hand, then your wrist, and then your whole arm. __1__ Then stretch your toes, feet, ankles, and legs. Finally, end with a neck and back stretch that pushes you out of bed. This “power pose〞 makes you feel more confident all day long.__2__Working out before you eat encourages your body to burn more fat for energy rather than relying on carbohydrates (碳水化合物) from food. In a study, participants who exercised after breakfast still gained weight, but those who exercised on an empty stomach did not.Turn on the music.__3__ If anyone plays an instrument, and if you have a little time, morning is the perfect time to practice, as it prepares your brain for learning. One study found that both playing and listening to music help improve academic performance in 16 different ways, including increasing focus and memory.Enjoy some fun.Many people fear to face a new day of work, school, or chores. __4__ This can be having a cup of coffee as you read your favorite blog, etc. Choose activities you enjoy and that set you on a good path for the day.You've improved your state of mind, your health, and your productivity — all before the weekday has even begun.__5__A．Move on to the other arm.B．Do regular exercise in the morning.C．Exercise a bit — on an empty stomach.D．Take up the entire length of the bed when you stretch.E．Now you're ready to conquer your to­do list for today and every day.F．But if the first thing you do is pleasant, you'll find it much easier to get going.G．Pick something energetic that you and others in the house enjoy and put it on while you get ready.Ⅲ.语法填空[2019·武汉市高三五月训练题]China has been selected to host the WorldSkills Competition in Shanghai in 2021, an event it hopes to use for building a stronger team of skilled workers nationwide and to improve international 1.________ (exchange) in technical skills. Hosting the event will help guide the whole society 2.________ (respect) the spirit of skilled workmanship. It will also help create 3.________ social atmosphere of respecting labor and admiring skill. China has 165 million skilled workers, including 47.9 million who are classed as highly skilled. They were first classified by the government in 2003. They 4.________ (include) as one of the major State­level talent groups along with theoretical scientists in 2015, 5.________ (mark) a significant rise in their social status.China's 6.________ (early) modern skills training can date back to the Qing Dynasty. It was in 1866 7.________ the Foochow Shipbuilding Institution in Fujian Province was established. In 1978, the adoption of the reform and opening­up policy highlighted a shortage of 8.________ (talent) technicians. As a result, the number of students at technical institutes rose sharply. More recently, technical education 9.________ (receive) greater support from the central government to help shape the nation's producing power. Every year, more than 100 million people have access 10.________ technical education and training.课时作业(三十二)Ⅰ.阅读理解A体裁：说明文题材：科技主题：人工智能与医疗【语篇解读】人工智能有望帮助医生诊断和治疗癌症。

选修7 Unit 2 Robots机器人晨读·记忆Happy Marriage Needs Fighting ForAs a talentednavy officer, he was bound to be busy. When his wife rang him up to declare her divorce alarm, he was still scanning a digital counter to check the data so as to give an assessment of the theoretical framework for a biochemical weapon. His junior staff’s sympathy made him feel embarrassed.His wife was a part-time clerk. With his high bonus, she lived in a grand house with elegant cushions and bedding. Her favour was reading stars’biographies or absurd fictions with endless chapters in her armchair. People envied her leisure life very much. But in fact, she was tired of being left alone. She sent emails to his mailbox every week to state her thinking and ask for his accompaniment, but never received reply of satisfaction. Tired of his explanation that he must obey the orders, she filed for divorce.Because he desired to get their holy affection back, he set other affairs aside. He trimmed his fingernails short and changed his overweight figure as well as his awful haircut. He wore an apron to prepare delicious cuisine for her. He also bought her a necklace and piles of flowers hoping that their receiver could turn around.After being tested out for 3 months in all, he eventually succeeded.幸福的婚姻需要争取作为一名才华出众的海军军官，他注定是要忙碌的。

课时作业(三十二)　[选修7　Unit 2　Robots](限时：45分钟) Ⅰ.语法填空 One of the greatest heartbreaks for firefighters occurs when they fail to rescue a child from a burning building 1.________ the child, frightened by smoke and noise, hides under a bed or in a closet and is later found2.________ (die)．________ glimpse of the masked firefighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster (怪物). To prevent such tragedies, firefighter Eric Velez gives talks to children in his community, explaining that ________ should never hide during a fire. He displays firefighters' equipment, including the oxygen mask, 5.________ he encourages his audience to play with and put on, “If you see us，” Velez tells them, “don't hide! We have come to rescue you.” Velez gives his presentations (作口头报告) ________ English and Spanish. Velez and 7.________ firefighters throughout North America, who give similar presentations, will never know how many lives they save through their talks. But it is a fact that informative speaking8.________ (save) many lives. For example, one day Pete Gentry's brother was choking on some food. 9.________ (fortune), he was rescued by Pete Gentry using the method 10.________ (teach) by a student speaker, Julie Paris. It was just several months after he listened to an informative speech in North Carolina. Ⅱ.阅读理解WASHINGTON—It's a great achievement that inspires notions (观念) of robots with consciousness and independent minds.they can usually compensate for minor injuries and keep limping along, but for robots, even slight damage can make them stumble and fall. However, a recently-made robot has demonstrated a novel ability: it can heal its own damage. The new robot, which looks like a splay-legged(弓形腿的), four-footed starfish, can sense injury to itself and adapt. That er from unfamiliar places. “There is a need for planetary robotic rovers (行星机器探测车) to be ，” says Josh Bongard, a professor in the University of Vermont, who is one of the device's creators. “e able to continue their mission without human help if they are damaged and cannot communicate their problem back to earth.” A typical robot functions according to a computer program, but the new robot works differently. First, sensors in its four legs observe the robot's movements and signal to its built-in computer. From the information it collects, the robot creates its own programs that allow it to adapt to different situations. For example, when the researchers shortened one of the robot's legs, the smart machine simply adjusted its way of walkingt used three legs instead of four. The researchers are looking for other places to put the resilient robot to work. One spot is the ocean floor. That dark and dangerous undersea cplace might be a good choice for a robot the scientists call the Starfish. “We never officially named the robot, but we usually refer to it as the Starfish, even though a real starfish has five rather than four legs，” says Bongard. “Also, a real starfish is much better than our robot at recovering from injury, because it can actually grow its legs again.”Scientists have created robots that help humans in many ways: by exploring space, fighting fires, and even performing surgery. 11．The newly-designed robot distinguishes itself from the former ones because it________．can find its problems and solve them automatically D．can explore unfamiliar places 12．An example is given in the fourth paragraph in order to explain that the robot ________．create new programs B．has typical robot functions C．has sensors to observe its movements D．can gather information and adapt to new conditions 13．The underlined word “resilient” in the last paragraph means the robot is________．？ of by people for its special ability. B．It will stumble and fall if damaged. C．It can grow its legs again once they are broken. D．It has started to work on the ocean floor. 15．What might be the best title of the passage? A．How does the Starfish robot work B．Do-It-Yourself robots repair C．Robots designed to work on other planets D．New robots helping us in many ways B In the fall of 1985，I was a bright-eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere. Twenty-one years later I am still a bright-eyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell. My grandma, an amazing woman, graduated from college at the age of 65. She was the first in our family to reach that goal. But one year after I started college, she developed cancer. I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait. Then I got married with another dream: building my family with a combination of adopted and biological children. In 1999, we adopted our first son. To lay eyes on him was fantastic—and very emotional. A year later came our second adopted boy. Then followed son No. 3. In 2003, I gave birth to another boy. You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8! Our home was a complete zoo—a joyous zoo. Not surprising, I never did make it back to college full-time. But I never gave up on the dream either. I had only one choice: to find a way. That meant taking as few as one class each semester. The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys. They often wanted me to stay home with them. There certainly were times I wanted to quit, but I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives. In 2007, I graduated from the University of North Carolina. It took me over 21 years to get my college degree! I am not special, just single-minded. It always struck me that when you're looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge, but when you're in the midst of it, it just seems normal. Everything you want won't arrive in your life on one day. It's a process. Remember：little steps add up to big dreams. 16. When the author went to Howard University, her dream was to be________. A．a writer B．a teacher C．a judge D．a doctor 17．Why did the author quit school in her second year of college? A．She wanted to study by herself. B．She fell in love and got married. C．She suffered from a serious illness. D．She decided to look after her grandma. 18．What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 and 5? A．She was busy yet happy with her family life. B．She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons. C．She wanted to remain a full-time housewife. D．She was too confused to make a correct choice. 19．What does the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Failure is the mother of success. B．Little by little，one goes far.，half done.Ambitious and sensitive. D．Innocent and single-minded. Ⅲ.基础写作近年微博(microblog)在中国越来越流行。