牛津上海版英语高三上册同步全解

牛津上海版高三英语上情态动词和虚拟语气精讲精练含答案1、考点分析结构图概述 can和could的用法may和might的用法must的用法need和dare的用法情态动词基本用法 shall和should的用法will和would的用法ought to的用法used to的用法had better与would rather的用法must, can, could, may, might表推测的用法其它用法"情态动词+have+done" 结构的含义及用法语气的定义和种类：l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。

What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

如: Open the door, please。

请打开门。

(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。

May you succeed! 祝您成功！2、专题详解一、概述情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为"可能、应当、必要"等等，但本身意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。

除ought, used, have后跟不定式外，其他情态动词一律跟动词原形。

情态动词主要有：can/could, may/might, must, ought to, used to, need, dare, shall/should, will/would, have to等。

二、基本用法(一) can和could的用法1．表示能力，可译为"能，会"。

上海高三英语书牛津版答案第二学期学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

所以我们一定要多做一些课外阅读题，让自己不只是学到了知识，还要懂得知识从哪里来。

今天这本书的内容比较简单，但是它非常有难度。

它是由四部分组成，分别是：1、学习技巧：有3道大题，每篇都有相应的讲解，让你在阅读中不断的加深理解。

2、词汇学习：每个单元都配有词典，让你在学习单词时可以一目了然。

3、语法学习：每一篇文章都有一个完整的句子详解，而且对每个选项都会进行详细分析，帮助你建立起单词记忆思路。

一、教材《上海高三英语阅读（第一学期）》是上海教育出版社出版的高考前的一本指导教材，其内容包括必考阅读和选考阅读在内的三大板块。

必考阅读是整本书最大的亮点之一，从内容上来说基本涵盖了高考英语考试所有的必考部分和选考部分，而这本书里的每一道大题都包含了这些必考的板块的全部内容。

《上海高三英语阅读（第二学期）》是一本高考必备书籍，从高考卷和命题角度来说它涉及了全国大多数省份高考卷。

而每一道大题均根据新课标修订而来；从难度上来说这是根据历年高考真题中各个板块难度制定出的新课标标准；从题型上来说它是根据上海高考历年真题难度、偏题分布、知识点考点、考察方向等方面做全面安排确定的。

《上海高三英语阅读（第二学期）》作为必考板块和选考板块相辅相成地组成了全书，这是一本非常适合我们复习备考使用的教材。

教材里大部分考点和题型都出自于高考卷和备考真题中，对复习备考有很大帮助。

那么这本书到底有哪些优点呢？我们一起来看一下吧！二、词汇本单元分为三个板块。

第一板块是基本词汇，一共5章10节课时，内容比较全，难度适中。

第二板块是高级词汇，总共10节课时。

内容比较细致，涉及的高级词汇也很多，难度也适中，适合学习高级词汇的同学。

第三板块则是高级词汇语法。

根据高级词汇的语法特点，会有一个完整的词汇讲解思路，非常适合学习高级词汇的同学。

这本书的单词还可以用拼音代替哦！如果你经常对着电脑操作，那么这本书对英语就非常适合了。

1、上次课后巩固作业复习；Television following the birth of her child. It adds a sentimental touch to a matter of public interest with Chai not only an independent observer but also a concerned mother.自然环保类阅读理解是历年高考命题的热点，该类文章常常涉及以下几个方面：d roughly halfway between Africa and Australia.is packed together in an oceanic version of a landfill, instead, these “patches” are actually huge zones where debris accumulates but floats free, circula ting continuously. So it’s possible for sailing ships and other small boats to sail into a garbage patch region and encounter rubbish.About 90 percent of the debris in all five garbage patches is plastic Marcus Eriksen, a marine scientist and founder of the 5 Gyres Institute, which works to reduce pollution from disposable plastics. This is relatively new if you think aboutNow, a half-century later, we are seeing an abundantBut in the U.S., where tap water is federally regulated and often screened for dangerous pollutants, the public drinks 21 gallons (79 liters) of bottled water per capita per year on average, according to the Columbia Water Center at Columbia University's Earth Institute in New York. The bottled-water industry is so successful, it has outpaced milk, coffee, andputting it behind only beer and soda.Though the sale and consumption of bottled water is still on the rise, certain policymakers and activists have taken steps to reduce it and encourage people to drink tap. In September 2009, the Australian city of Bundanoon became theborn and bred at Dade City's Wild Things—is an example of what animal welfare activists believe is a real problem with some wildlife sanctuaries: They undermine the very mission they were meant toSanctuaries promise to take in and care for any animals that have been abused, neglected, or abandoned and to keep them for life. Sanctuaries occupy a "gray area," says Tanya Espinosa, a spokesperson for the U.S. Department of Agriculture.（基础题）did ichthyosaurs (鱼龙). That these ancient sea（基础题）。

Module 1 Getting to know youUnit 1 HelloLook and learnGood morning.早上好。

Good afternoon. 下午好。

Good evening. 晚上好。

Good night.晚安。

Look and say1.--- Hello, Mrs Li. Good evening.你好，李老师。

晚上好。

---Good evening.晚上好2.--- How are you, Alice? 爱丽丝，你过得怎么样？---I'm fine. Thank you. 我很好。

谢谢你。

3. ---Goodbye, Alice.再见，爱丽丝。

---Goodbye, Mrs Li.再见，李老师。

Say and act Eddie's dayHow are you today?今天，你过得怎么样？I'm very well. Thank you.我很好。

谢谢你。

Learn the letters Aa apple Bb bagAn apple and a bag.A big apple and a big bag.A big apple is in a big bag.Unit 2 I'm DannyLook and learn boy男孩girl女孩big大的small小的Look and say I'm ...我是。

You're...你是。

Hello, I'm Danny.你好，我是丹尼。

Hi, Danny. I'm Mary.你好，丹尼。

我是玛丽Oh, you're tall. I'm short.哦，你是高的。

我是矮的。

Play a game1.--- You're Kitty.---No. I'm a boy. I'm Danny.2.---I'm a girl. I'm short. I'm thin. Who am I?----You're a girl. You're short. You're thin. You're Kitty.---Yes, I'm Kitty.3.--- I'm tall. I'm thin. Who am I?---You are Miss Fang.---Yes, I'm Miss Fang.Say and act Big and small1.--- I'm big. You're small.我是大块头的。

高三(上)牛津版Unit2Ⅰ.Words单词词性中文1. well-argued adj. 论证充分的2. motion n. 提议，论题3. refute v. 驳斥，反驳4. argument n. 论点5. propose v. 提议，建议6. servant n. 仆人7. status n. 地位，身份8. confine v. 限制，限定9. cling v. 抓紧，坚持10. mention n. 提到，说道，写到11. manual adj. 手工的，体力的12. statistics n. （复数）统计数据，统计资料13. weightlifting n. 举重14. superior adj. 更好的，占优势的15. concede v. 承认16. working adj. 有工作的，有职业的17. non-working adj. 无工作的，无职业的18. priority n. 优先事项，首要事项19. burden n. 负担，重负20. discrimination n. 歧视21. resource n. 资源22. urge v. 敦促23. vote v. 投票，选举24. proposition n. 提议，建议25. puberty n. 青春期26. phrase n. 阶段，时期27. head v. (朝某方向)行进28. adulthood n. 成年29. responsibility n. 责任30. deepen v. (使声音)变低沉31. pimple n. 粉刺，青春痘32. see-saw v. 摇摆不定，交替变化33. hormone n. 激素，荷尔蒙34. adolescent n. 青少年35. insecure adj. 缺乏信心的，无把握的36. reluctant adj. 勉强的，不情愿的37. cope v. 处理38. sensible adj. 理智的，合理的39. risky adj. 有危险的40. lifelong adj. 终身的，必生的Ⅱ.Phrases1. commit suicide 自杀2. manual labour 手工劳动，体力劳动3. life expectancy 预期寿命4. pay….. a compliment 称赞5. work out 计划，解决6. point out 指出7. play one’s part 参与（某事）Ⅲ.Sentence pattern1.As you know, I am speaking against this motion.2.Third, I shall discuss whether or not women should stay at home to take care of children.3. A women’s place is not only in the home, but also in the office, in the design studio, in thebank and in the managing director’s chair.4.All adolescents should have someone to turn to in case they have a need.Ⅳ.Grammar1. Adverbial clauses of manner and resultThus, women can do heavy, physical work, and do it well, in the same way as men do.Jane also mentioned the old argument that women are so weak that they are unsuitable for many jobs.There is still so much discrimination against women that their abilities are often wasted.These wives had s uch a low status that they were confined to their houses,2. Review of adverbial clauses.Time; purpose; concession, manner; result.。

This Is It这是一次冒险，这是一次伟大的冒险，迈克尔·杰克逊在电影中如是说道，我们要带他们去他们从未去过的地方，我们要让他们看到他们从未见过的天才。

知识名称：it的用法总结教学建议：此部分必须由班级学员合作完成。

建议步骤为：4. It _______ to accomplish the return journey.A. coast us 15 daysB. spent 15days for usC. was 15 daysD. took us 15 days5. ________ f rom Beijing to London!A. How long way it isB. What long way is itC. How long way is itD. What a long way it is6. ________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the countries are making progress.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What7. ________ is known to all that China is rich in natural resources.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As8. ________ q uite a few techniques to learn language well.A. It seems to haveB. There seem to beC. There seems to haveD. It seems to be9. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see.A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is10. It was 7 o'clockhe came here yesterday.A. thatB. whenC. beforeD. since11. ________ that I was watching TV when he came to see me.A. It happenedB. What happenedC. That happenedD. It was happened12. The chairman thoughtnecessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A. thatB. itC. thisD. him13. The Foreign Minister said, " ________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."A. This isB. There isC. That isD. It is14. ________ is reported in the newspaper that the terrible flood has caused a loss of 10 million yuan.A. ItB. ThisC. ThatD. As15. It's up to you whether we should go to the art exhibition right now.A. decidingB. to decideC. of decidingD. decide16. Was ________ that I saw last night at the corner?A. it youB. not youC. youD. that yourself教学建议：此部分内容建议保持在9. _________ the 1500's _________ the first European explored the coast of California.A. It is not until... thenB. It was until... thatC. It's not until... whenD. It was not until... that10. I just wonder _________ that made them so depressed.A. why it didB. what they didC. how it wasD. what it was11. It was eight o'clockI got to the school this morning, made our teacher veryangry.A. when... thatB. that... thatC. that... whenD. when... which12. _______ , they all went to the lake to swim.A. It was a hot dayB. Being a hot dayC. It being hotD. For it was a hot day13. I don't mind her criticizing me, butis how she does that I object to.A. itB. thatC. thisD. which14. — ________ seems to be something wrong with the machine.—Yes, _______ got a lot of noise.A. It... it'sB. There... it'sC. I t... there'sD. There... there's15. _________ a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.A. There areB. There isC. They areD. It is16. Joan had often heardsaid that Marley had no money.A. oneB. onceC. itD. her17. When you go outing with your sisters, you must see tothat they are safe.A. everythingB. itC. thatD. yourself18. He said, "a long way to school. a long way to go yet before we arrive."A. It is... There isB. There is... It isC. There is... There isD. It is... It is19. —Is it my agethe boss minds?—I'm afraid not. He will considernecessary to have an experienced assistant.A. which... itB. that... itC. which... thatD. that... that20. ________ easy to do the repair. All you need is a hammer and some nails.A. You areB. That isC. There isD. It is Keys: 1-5BABBA 6-10 ACDDD 11-15 DCABB 16-20 CBABD1、阅读一般有哪些文体及题型？。

上海市浦东新区2020届⾼三英语上学期期末考试试题（上海浦东⼀模）（⽆答案）⽜津上海版浦东新区2020学年度第⼀学期期末质量测试⾼三英语试卷第I卷（103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. At a shop.C. At the airport.D. At the hotel.2. A. Manager and cleaner. B. House agent and renter.C. Professor and student.D. Policeman and driver.3. A. 10 minutes. B. 20 minutes.C. 30 minutes.D. 40 minutes.4. A. Excited. B. Funny.C. Anxious.D. Depressed.5. A. Michael has lost his schoolbag. B. Michael won’t go to the lab.C. Michael is probably nearby.D. Michael may havealready gone.6. A. He wants to apply for a new job. B. He is turning to the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.D. He enjoys writing letters.7. A. The woman. B. The man.C. The woman’s mother.D. The children.8. A. There’s no more work for anyone to do in the committee.B. No one is willing to work in the committee.C. The woman knows some people on the committee.D. The woman should be on the committee herself.9. A. She should do more careful work.B. She is not concerned about George’s remarks.C. George does not care about her.D. George shouldn’t have said so much about her.10. A. He is doing quite well with it. B. He has money problems.C. He is in need of qualified staff.D. He cannot carry it on any more.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, readthe four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A travel agency. B. An airline company.C. A round-the-world journey.D. A flight program.12. A. The low prices. B. The outstanding service.C. The great rewards.D. The long distance.13. A. Those who have been to most parts of the world.B. Those who often travel around the world on business.C. Those who want to explore the different airlines.D. Those who need special support all along the way.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are interested in other kinds of reading.B. They are active in voluntary services.C. They tend to be low in education and in income.D. They live in isolated areas.15. A. The reasons people don’t read newspapers are more complicated than assumed.B. There are more uneducated people among the wealthy than originally expected.C. The number of newspaper readers is steadily increasing.D. There are more non-readers among young people nowadays.16. A. Lowering the prices of their newspapers.B. Shortening their news stories.C. Adding variety to their newspaper content.D. Including more interesting ads in the newspapers.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.（A）Alan and Linda always dreamed of living “the good life”. Both from poor working-class families, they married young and set out to fulfil their mutual goal of becoming wealthy. They both worked very hard for years. ____25____ (earn) enough money, they finally could move from their two-bedroom home to a seven-bedroom home in a rich neighbourhood. They focused their energies on trying to have ____26____ they considered important for a good life: membership in the local country club, luxury cars, designer clothing, and high-class society friends. ____27____ much they earned, it never seemed to be enough. They were unable to remove the financial insecurity that ____28____ (acquire) in childhood. Then the stock market crashed in 1987, and Alan and Linda lost a considerable amount of money. Alan also sufferedfrom heart attack, ____29____ cost the family much. One thing led to ____30____, and they found themselves in a financialdisaster. Their house needed to be sold, and eventually they lost the country club membership and the cars. It was several years ____31____ Alan and Linda managed to land on their feet, and though they now live a life far from wealthy, they have learned a valuable lesson from their lives and felt quite blessed. Only now, as they think of what ____32____ (remain) — a solid, loving marriage, a dependable income, and good friends — do they realize that true abundance comes not from gathering fortunes, but rather from appreciating.（B）We all hope to enjoy harmonious relationships with our parents. In real life, however, this is not always possible. The poem Those Winter Sundays by Robert Hayden expresses the speaker’s regret over the way the speaker, when he was young,____33____ (treat) his father. It is only when he looks back on how he has grown up ____34____ he begins to understand his father’s unselfish love.In remembering the small things his father did ____35____ him and his family, such as lighting a fire in the morning and polishing his shoes, the speaker begins to understand an aspect of parental love that escaped ____36____ notice in the past.As he recalls how his father warmed the house, the speaker’s coldness toward his father starts to melt away. In its place is love and gratitude. It dawns on him that love is not just hugging and kissing, or always warm and affectionate, but____37____ well be cold and stern in appearance. In fact, mature love often requires self-discipline and self-sacrifice. During our stressful teen years, we may find that our parents, especiallyour fathers, have difficulty____38____ (show) their love for us verbally —sometimes when we need it most. This is certainly very discouraging. However, if we remember ____39____ (be) grateful or not so self-centered, we will see that their love has always been there, only ____40____ (express) in ways different from what we may have expected.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.We need more men in our hospital, not as doctors, but as nurses. Over the last few years, I have found that having male nurses is a real bonus, and they definitely have a place in our hospital. There are several reasons for wanting male nurses here, not only because half the population in our country is male. Men ____41____ excellent carers and are ____42____ good at taking care of others. In fact, many men take good care of their children, wives, parents, sisters, brothers, and even their nieces and nephews.Another reason that men can become great nurses is that in general, men are ____43____ stronger than women. Male nurses can help ____44____ heavy objects, or if, for example, a patient cannot move from the waist down, male nurses can help move the patient into a comfortable ____45____. Also, male nurses can be a great help in keeping patients____46____ while they receivepainful treatment, such as when bandages covering wounds are changed. Another advantage to having male nurses is that they see things from a different ____47____ from women and bring a male way of thinking to problem-solving. This allows the hospital to work more effectively than if we only ____48____ problems one way. Having a mix of male and female nurses also helps create a fun atmosphere, which helps patients recover faster.Currently, only 7 percent of our nursing staff are men; this number is far too low, and the problem requires correction. Having more male nurses will help create a positive ____49____ between male and female staff, and it will ____50____ patients the choice of a male or female carer. I am determined to take on more male nurses here at Central Hospital. I will be organizing an open day soon to allow interested young men to visit our hospital and find out more about nursing. Hopefully, we will have more male nurses in our hospital soon!III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you study medicine at university, chances are you’ll become a doctor. For music students, it’s less ____51____ what job you’ll end up with… but it could be really fulfilling. The idea that options are ____52____ and jobs are few for music graduates needs to ____53____.It’s wrongly assumed that when it comes to jobs, music students are ____54____ their field of study. ____55____, music graduates go on to do awide range of jobs in a variety of different industries.Alumni surveys from the University of Nottingham show that music graduates are employed across a varied range of____56____. As you might expect, a large proportion (50%) work in the creative industry, but the roles performed by graduates ____57____ greatly.Music grads work in publishing, editing, media production, broadcasting, and marketing. Some work with professional ensembles（歌舞团）, but not all are performing as ____58____；—many work in management roles. Less anticipated but no less common is the employment of music graduates in finance and banking, legal and consultancy.Some music grads work with professional ensembles（歌舞团）, but not all are performing as ____58____: ---- Music grads work in publishing, editing, media production, broadcasting, and marketing. And many work in management roles. Less anticipated but no less common is the employment of music graduates in finance and banking, legal and consultancy.Dr. Robert Adlington, an associate professor of music at the University of Nottingham, ____59____ these successful and varied outcomes to the highly desirable ____60____ developed by music students during their studies.In 2020, the Confederate of British Industry outlined the seven skills that ____61____ employability: self-management, team work, business and customer awareness, problem solving, communication, numeracy, and IT skills. Adlington says that music students develop all seven of these. By this measure, music graduates are among the most ____62____ of all.While some of these skills are obtained by students of all subjects —for example, team work, good communication, self-management — Adlington points out that music students have a(n) ____63____. The experience oforganising, hosting, and performing in events that are open to the public provides them with skills beyond those on other degree programmes. Few degrees require knowledge of customer awareness, or interaction with the public, for example. Music graduates’success is a(n) ____64____ of how changes in the music industry allow artists to produce and publicise themselves. The internet means artists can publish, distribute, and promote their own work. These methods are nothing new, but if ____65____ professional knowledge and experience, it can be a winning, name-making recipe.51. A. important B. urgent C. obvious D. satisfactory52. A. tight B. narrow C.hollow D. strict53. A. change B. liberate C. reflect D. function54. A. contributed to B. related to C. lost to D. restricted to55. A. In addition B. In turn C. In contrast D. In reality56. A. contracts B. fields C. subjects D. majors57. A. vary B. improve C. reverse D. multiply58. A. musicians B. managers C. amateurs D. customers59. A. devotes B. owes C. alerts D. adapts60. A. options B. intervals C. characters D. skills61. A. isolate B. regulate C. offer D. define62. A. comfortable B. honorable C. reliable D. employable63. A. benefit B. advantage C. chance D. resolution64. A. reflection B. command C. potential D. knowledge65. A. related to B. charged with C. exposed to D.combined withSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)After hours sitting inside Deep Worker, itfeels good to get back. While you’restretching on the deck, others on the ship areat work studying the data you have collected.The rock samples you collected are taken to a laboratory on board the ship. Tests performed on ocean rocks can show the age of the seafloor. Many people will study the videotapes of the swordfish. There is nothing like a video to show others exactly what you saw and experienced in the deep. Videos capture details of how animals move and behave —details that a person sitting inside Deep Worker could easily miss. Those details can help scientists better understand the role each kind of animal plays in its deep-sea community.While you were below, Deep Worker’s exact location was being tracked. Thus, detailed maps of the seafloor, showing underwater canyons and mountains far beneath the surface can be made with the help of this information. Dive by dive, Sylvia Earle and her fellow scientists are piecing together remarkable pictures of the deep sea — a world that until recently was as unknown as a distant planet.Since Sylvia first began exploring the waters around Florida, she’s seen changes — trash on the seafloor, fewer fish, polluted water. These ocean problems in Florida and in many other parts of the world make people like Sylvia anxious. They want to know how to protect the ocean, and how to restore it to good health where damage has been done.Sylvia and other scientists are learning more about the ocean, especially the deep sea, than ever before. The more we know about a place, the better we understand it. As Sylvia says, “With knowing comes caring. If people care about something, they will work to protect it.”66. What does the bold-typed phrase “this information” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The location of underwater canyons and mountains.B.Remarkable pictures of the deep sea.C.These ocean problems.D.The track of Deep Worker.67. Sylvia Earle is probably a scientist who ________________.A.specializes in making mapsB.cares about the oceanC.works on an unknown shipD.performs experiments in a laboratory68. According to Paragraph 4, which statement about Sylvia is TRUE?Sylvia ______________.A.has seen fewer fish and polluted waterB.is concerned about the ocean problemsC.has explored the waters and protected the oceanD.has restored good health after her injury69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Working below in Deep WorkerB.Ocean Exploration and Ocean MapsC.Deep Worker Saving the WorldD.Ocean familiarity and Ocean Preservation(B)Walking, cycling or hopping on to publictransport are the best ways to travel with a cleanconscience. Yet cars remain an important option formany families because of its convenience. For people in rural areas, or with mobility problems, a car can be an essential lifeline.Drive with styleNo matter what kind of car you run, the least reliable part will be you: your driving style has a massive impact on the fuel needed, with acceleration, gear-changing and braking all playing a significant role.Inching along at the pace of a child’s tricycle might feel frugal but won’t magically yield peak economy. In most modern cars, accelerate normally, changing up at 2,000rpm in a diesel, or 2,500rpm in a petrol-powered car. Once at a sensible steady speed, choose the highest gear that will let the engine run without labouring.A number of eco-driving apps are available for smartphones, to help you improve your smoothness. The A Glass of Water iPhone app offers tips to helpyou avoid spilling a drop. The free RAC Traffic app is also a great way to avoid wasting fuel in traffic jams.It’s also important to:● Check tyre pressures once a month.● Leave junk at home. Carrying extra weight in the boot wastes excess fuel.● Leave in good time and don’t speed. An extra 10mph on the motorway will add 10% to your fuel bill.Power playsIt may be decades before alternative fuels such as hydrogen become commonplace, but hybrid cars that use battery power to boost a petrol or diesel engine are already available in every category. It means many families might find an electric vehicle ideal as a second car.Sell your wheels, still travel by carIf you need a car for short periods, such as shopping, and live in a city, then consider a short-term car-hire service such as Zipcar instead of owning a car. If you’re travelling longer distances, pay your share of the fuel costs t o someone who’s already driving there.70. What can you infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?A. Choosing a fuel-saving car matters more than your driving style.B. Your driving style matters most to the fuel needed.C. You should rely on yourself to drive a car.D. Whether a car saves fuel depends largely on the car you choose.71. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. ecologicalB. convenientC. economicalD.beneficial72. Which of the following is NOT a suggested way of saving fuel according to the writer?A.Driving along at a very low speed.B.Checking tyre pressures regularly.C.Putting the extra weight off the boot.D.Applying the eco-driving apps on smartphones.73. Which may be the best choice for a visiting scholar who frequently giveslectures at colleges in a neighboring town?A. Walking.B. Owning an electric vehicle.C. Renting a car.D. Buying a stylish car.(C)The death of languages is not a new phenomenon. Languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. Only a few, including Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years.What is new, however, is the speed at which they are dying out. Europe’s colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century.The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others. By making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and thecivil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages.This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge. Monolingualism became an ideal.More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threat to “small” languages. A langu age not on the Internet is a language that “no longer exists” in the modern world. It is out of the game.The serious effects of the death of languages are evident. First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventiveness. We would never be able to figure out the origins of human language or resolve the mystery of “the first language”. As each language dies, a chapter of human history closes.Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. Imposing a language without any links t o a people’s culture and way of life stifles the expression of their collective genius. A language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication. It also expresses the world vision of those who speak it, their imagination and their ways of using knowledge. To safeguard languages is an urgent matter.74. Which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages?A. Colonial conquests of Europe.B. The boom of human population.C. Advances in science and industrialization.D. The rise of nation-states.75. What does the underlined word “stifles”in Paragraph 7 probably mean?A. boostsB. fuelsC. imposesD. kills76. The serious effects of the death of languages include all except that____________.A. people would fail to understand how languages originated.B. language diversity would become an obstacle to globalization.C. monolingualism would lead to the loss of multiculturalism.D. human brains would become less creative linguistically.77. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A. To explain the reasons why languages are dying out.B. To warn people of the negative aspects of globalization.C. To call people’s attention to the urgency of language preservation.D. To argue how important it is for people to speak more languages.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. The launch of the UK’s biggest online university venture has the potential to “revolutionise conventional models of formal education” andkeep UK ahead in the global race to deliver the best education, says universities minister David Willetts.The FutureLearn project will see more than 20 institutions enter the global market to offer massive open online courses, or Moocs. Until now, the US has led the way in the creation of Moocs, catering to an estimated 3 million learners worldwide with hundreds of courses from a range of top institutions.Bath, Exeter, Birmingham, Edinburgh and Warwick are among the 21 UK universities that have signed up. The British Library, British Museum and British Council will also make material available to students. The venture, set up by the Open University, is a response to the rise of Moocs and will offer students a new and innovative way to access courses, says Martin Bean vice-chancellor of the Open University. Bean said, “Time and again we have seen the impact the Internet can have on industries — driving innovation and enhancing the customer experience. I have no doubt Moocs will do the same for education —offering people new and exciting ways to learn.”A senior academic at University College London — which has chosen not to be involved in FutureLearn — has questioned whether the Mooc model is the best road for universities to go down. Although free for students, online courses have some downsides. Stephen Caddick, professor at the university, says students want flexibility above all. “Moocs are an online product of higher education currently experienced offline by a lot of students: inflexible”, said Caddick. “These courses are free to students, yet very expensive to develop for universities. ”Simon Nelson, CEO of FutureLearn, said university partners see this opportunity as “money extremely well spent”, helping them to boost their global profile and encourage experimentation and innovation within university departments. According to Nelson, FutureLearn will continue toexpand its number of partners both in the UK and overseas, as well as develop its commercial model, which in the future could see students paying to take exams and purchase extra course material.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)78. Besides revolutionizing traditional educational models, FutureLearn has the potential to ______________________.79. How many learners all over the world have benefited from the online courses offered by American universities?80. What are the two downsides of online courses mentioned by Stephen Caddic?81. What is the plan for FutureLearn according to Nelson?第 II 卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这家花店⾥⾯的鲜花⼀应俱全。