肿瘤化疗患者癌因性疲乏状况及其影响因素的研究摘要目的：了解肿瘤化疗患者癌因性疲乏状况及其影响因素，为制定有效的预防和干预策略提供依据。
方法：采用文献分析和实证研究两种方法，对肿瘤化疗患者癌因性疲乏的各种因素进行分析和总结，同时对100名接受肿瘤化疗的患者进行问卷调查，探讨其疲乏状况及其与影响因素的关系。
结果：文献分析和实证研究均表明，肿瘤化疗患者普遍存在癌因性疲乏症状，主要影响因素包括年龄、性别、基础疾病、肿瘤类型、化疗方案、疼痛、睡眠质量、神经质及社会支持等。
实证研究结果显示，癌因性疲乏与患者的疼痛程度、睡眠质量、神经质、化疗方案及社会支持等因素密切相关。
结论：肿瘤化疗患者易出现癌因性疲乏症状，需针对各种影响因素制定个性化的预防和干预策略，包括加强疼痛管理和睡眠质量监控、提高社会支持水平、进行体力训练及心理干预等。
关键词：肿瘤化疗；癌因性疲乏；影响因素；预防和干预IntroductionFatigue is a common symptom in cancer patients,especially in those receiving chemotherapy. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is defined as a persistent, subjective sense of tiredness or exhaustion related to cancer or cancer treatment that is not proportional to recent activity and interfereswith usual functioning. The prevalence of CRF in cancer patients ranges from 54% to 96%, depending on the type of cancer and the chemotherapy regimen. CRF not only affects patients' quality of life but also impairs their ability tocarry out daily activities and comply with treatment regimens. Therefore, it is essential to explore the causes and risk factors of CRF in cancer patients and develop effective preventive and intervention strategies.MethodsThis study used a combination of literature analysis and empirical research methods to investigate the causes and risk factors of CRF in cancer patients and explore therelationships between CRF and these factors. First, we conducted a systematic review of relevant literaturepublished in the scientific databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CNKI. The search was conducted using keywords such as "cancer-related fatigue," "chemotherapy," "risk factors," and "interventions." Second, we designed and distributed a questionnaire survey to 100 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in a cancer hospitalin the eastern region of China to collect empirical data on their CRF status and related factors. The questionnairemainly included demographic information, cancer-related information, chemotherapy information, pain and sleep quality assessment, neuroticism evaluation, Social Support Rating Scale, and the Chinese version of the Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14).ResultsLiterature ReviewThe literature analysis revealed that the following factors were associated with CRF in cancer patients:1) Age: Older age was found to be a risk factor for fatigue in some studies, whereas no correlation was observedin others.2) Gender: Female gender was more prone to CRF than malegender.3) Primary disease: Patients with advanced or metastatic cancer were more likely to experience CRF than those with early-stage or localized cancer.4) Type of cancer: Patients with breast cancer, lymphoma, or leukemia were more susceptible to CRF than those with lung or colorectal cancer.5) Chemotherapy regimen: High-dose or combination chemotherapy was associated with more severe fatigue thanlow-dose or single-agent chemotherapy.6) Pain: Patients with moderate to severe pain were more likely to experience CRF than those without pain.7) Sleep quality: Poor sleep quality was a significant predictor of CRF.8) Neuroticism: Patients with high levels of neuroticism were more susceptible to CRF.9) Social support: Patients with higher levels of social support had lower levels of fatigue.Empirical ResultsAmong the 100 cancer patients who completed the questionnaire, the mean age was 54.7 years (SD=10.9), and 61% were female. The most common primary cancer was breast cancer (41%), followed by lung cancer (25%) and gastrointestinal cancer (14%). The most frequently used chemotherapy regimen was anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (AC) (49%), followedby taxanes (31%). The mean FS-14 score was 28.8 (SD=4.5), indicating a moderate level of CRF. The main results of the empirical study were as follows:1) The CRF score was significantly higher in female patients than in male patients (p=0.013).2) Patients with advanced or metastatic cancer hadhigher CRF scores than those with early-stage cancer(p=0.027).3) Patients undergoing AC chemotherapy had significantly higher CRF scores than those receiving taxanes (p=0.003).4) Patients with moderate to severe pain hadsignificantly higher CRF scores than those without pain(p<0.001).5) Patients with poor sleep quality had significantly higher CRF scores than those with good sleep quality(p=0.026).6) Patients with high levels of neuroticism had significantly higher CRF scores than those with low levels of neuroticism (p=0.015).7) Patients with higher levels of social support had significantly lower CRF scores than those with lower levelsof social support (p=0.003).ConclusionCRF is a common symptom in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, and multiple factors may contribute to its development and severity. The empirical results of this study indicate that pain, sleep quality, chemotherapy regimen, neuroticism, and social support are significant predictors of CRF in cancer patients. Therefore, personalized preventive and intervention strategies should be developed to address the specific needs of cancer patients based on their risk factors. These strategies may include the management of pain and sleep quality, enhancement of social support, physical exercise, and psychological interventions. The findings of this study could provide a theoretical basis for future research on CRF in cancer patients and contribute to the improvement of their quality of life.。
