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一、培训背景随着全球经济的快速发展，供应链管理已经成为企业核心竞争力的重要组成部分。
为了提升企业供应链管理水平，培养专业人才，特制定本专项培训方案。
二、培训目标1. 帮助学员全面了解供应链管理的理论基础和实际应用。
2. 提升学员在供应链计划、采购、生产、物流、信息管理等方面的专业能力。
3. 培养学员团队合作精神和沟通协调能力，提高供应链整体运作效率。
4. 帮助学员掌握供应链成本控制、风险管理等关键技能。
三、培训对象1. 供应链管理、采购管理、物流管理、质量管理、技术管理、产品管理、资讯管理、行销业务等相关人员。
2. 企业中高层管理人员，如供应链总监、生产总监、PMC经理、生产经理、采购经理、仓库经理等。
四、培训内容1. 供应链管理基础- 全球经济体系改变下给企业供应链提供的挑战和机会- 什么是供应链？供应链对企业的意义- 供应链的类型，构建平衡和倾斜供应链时要考虑的因素- 供应链中关键点的控制——上游供应商和下游渠道以及第三方物流的管理- 供应链管理对降低企业成本的贡献- 供应链管理的最终目的- 企业所需作的改变与能带来的利益- 供应链战略与架构- 案例分析不同企业的供应链战略与效应2. 供应链计划与优化- 需求预测与需求管理- 库存管理策略与优化- 生产计划与排程- 物流规划与运输管理3. 采购与供应商管理- 采购流程与采购策略- 供应商选择与评估- 供应商关系管理- 采购成本控制4. 供应链成本控制与风险管理- 成本分析与成本控制方法- 风险识别与风险评估- 风险应对与风险管理策略5. 供应链信息管理- 供应链信息系统与数据管理- 供应链可视化与数据分析- 供应链协同与集成五、培训方式1. 理论授课：结合案例，深入浅出地讲解供应链管理相关理论。
2. 案例分析：通过实际案例分析，让学员了解供应链管理的实际应用。
3. 小组讨论：分组讨论，培养学员团队合作精神和沟通协调能力。
4. 沙盘模拟：通过沙盘模拟，让学员亲身体验供应链管理的实际运作。
引言：沃尔玛作为全球最大的零售商之一，一直致力于实施绿色供应链，以减少对环境的影响并提高企业的可持续性。
本文将继续探讨沃尔玛的绿色供应链战略，重点关注他们在产品采购、运输和包装等方面的举措，并提供一些实际案例来展示沃尔玛在这些领域的成果。
概述：沃尔玛的绿色供应链战略旨在整合可持续性原则，以降低商品生命周期对环境的影响。
他们通过与供应商合作，减少碳排放，优化运输和包装，推动可再生能源的使用，并支持社区和员工的环保行动。
下面将详细介绍沃尔玛的绿色供应链措施。
正文：1.产品采购方面：1.1供应商合规要求：沃尔玛要求其供应商遵守环境保护法规，并鼓励他们开展可持续经营。
供应商需要提供环保政策，并定期向沃尔玛提交环境报告。
1.2采购政策：沃尔玛优先选择符合可持续性标准的产品，如有机食品、环保家居用品等。
同时，他们努力减少对有限资源的依赖，推动绿色商品的市场发展。
1.3商品审核：沃尔玛为了确保供应链透明度，通过审核系统执行产品和供应商审查。
他们关注原材料的可持续性和供应商的环境和劳工政策。
2.运输方面：2.1车队优化：沃尔玛致力于降低运输碳排放，通过优化车队路线，减少里程和空载，提高运输效率。
2.2节能技术：沃尔玛积极采用节能技术，例如使用节油轮胎和航空燃料添加剂，以减少对石油资源的需求，并降低运输过程中的碳排放。
2.3合作伙伴关系：沃尔玛与供应商和物流公司密切合作，共同管理运输和物流，以优化运输网络，减少运输环节中的能源消耗。
3.包装方面：3.1轻量化设计：沃尔玛鼓励供应商使用轻量化包装材料，减少包装废物，并提供相关的技术指导和资源支持。
3.2可回收材料：沃尔玛鼓励使用可回收材料制作包装，并与供应商合作，推动回收和再生利用。
4.可再生能源：4.1太阳能项目：沃尔玛投资建设太阳能电池板，并鼓励供应商、员工和社区采用可再生能源。
4.2能效改进：沃尔玛通过改进设备效率和用水管理来降低能源消耗，并投资于能源效率项目。
第二次作业一、名词解释1.客户关系管理就是指通过对客户行为长期地、有意识地施加某种影响，以强化公司与客户之间的合作关系。
2.客户就是购买产品或服务的个体，即消费者。
3.条形码就是由一组宽度不同、反射率不同的条和空按规定的编码规则组合起来的，用以表示一组数据和符号。
4电子数据交换就是指将商业或行政事务处理按照一个公认的标准，形成结构化的事务处理或报文数据格式，从计算机到计算机的电子传输方法。
5信息共享就是指简单的提供数据，数据未经过加工转换。
6信息安全就是为了保障信息安全，除了要进行信息的安全保护，还应该重视提高安全预警能力，系统地入侵检测能力，系统的事件反应能力和系统遭到入侵引起破坏的快速恢复能力。
二、问答题1EDI系统有哪些部分组成？EDI系统的信息传递有哪几种方式？答：一般由硬件设备、通信网络及软件、报文格式标准、格式转换软件以及用户应用系统组成。
信息传递有2种方式：直接方式和间接方式。
2供应链管理软件（SCM）一般由哪些模块组成？它与ERP有何区别？答：一般由需求计划、生产计划和排序、分销计划、运输计划和企业或供应链分析模块组成。
与ERP区别：1 管理范围2 理论模型和方法3 编制计划4 业务管理。
3在供应链上需要对哪些关系进行管理？供应链上的关系类别有哪些？答：需要对供应商关系管理和客户关系管理。
类别有：短期目标型、长期目标型、渗透型、联盟型、纵向集成型4.客户关系管理的基本内容有哪些？答：基本内容有：1 管理营销过程；2 管理客户状态3 管理“客户成本”5.简述供应商关系管理的组成。
答：组成有：1 供应商目录管理2 采购价格管理3 采购合同管理4 供应商评估第 1 页共1 页。
Supply Chain Management, 5e (Chopra/Meindl)Chapter 2 Supply Chain Performance: Achieving Strategic Fit and Scope2.1 True/False Questions1) A company's competitive strategy defines the set of customer needs that it seeks to satisfy through its products and services.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain StrategiesAACSB: Analytic Skills2) The value chain emphasizes the close relationship between all the functional strategies withina company.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies3) A company's product development strategy defines the set of customer needs that it seeks to satisfy through its products and services.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies4) A company's product development strategy specifies the portfolio of new products that it will try to develop.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies5) A company's supply chain strategy determines the nature of procurement and transportation of materials as well as the manufacture and distribution of the product.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies6) The degree of supply chain responsiveness should be consistent with the implied uncertainty. Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Analytic Skills7) The degree of supply chain responsiveness does not need to be consistent with the implied uncertainty.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit8) To achieve complete strategic fit, a firm must ensure that all functions in the value chain have consistent strategies that support the competitive strategy.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit9) To achieve complete strategic fit, a firm must ensure that all functions in the value chain have diverse strategies that support functional goals.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit10) Because demand and supply characteristics change, the supply chain strategy must change over the product life cycle if a company is to continue achieving strategic fit.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit11) To retain strategic fit, supply chain strategy must be adjusted over the life cycle of a product and as the competitive landscape changes.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit12) The intercompany scope of strategic fit is no longer relevant today because the competitive playing field has shifted from company versus company to supply chain versus supply chain. Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit13) A company will fail if there is a lack of strategic fit or because its overall supply chain design, processes, and resources do not provide the capabilities to support the maximum strategic fit.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Analytic Skills14) The following situation would likely work well. A situation in which marketing is publicizing a company's ability to provide a large variety of products very quickly; simultaneously, distribution is targeting the lowest cost means of transportation.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills15) Supply chain strategy specifies what the operations, distribution, and service functions, whether performed in-house or outsourced, should do particularly well.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain StrategiesAACSB: Analytic Skills2.2 Multiple Choice Questions1) A company's competitive strategyA) defines the set of customer needs that it seeks to satisfy through its products and services.B) specifies the portfolio of new products that it will try to develop.C) specifies how the market will be segmented and how the product will be positioned, priced, and promoted.D) determines the nature of procurement and transportation of materials as well as manufacture and distribution of the product.E) determines how it will obtain and maintain the appropriate set of skills and abilities to meet customer needs.Answer: ADiff: 2Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain StrategiesAACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills2) A company's product development strategyA) defines the set of customer needs that it seeks to satisfy through its products and services.B) specifies the portfolio of new products that it will try to develop.C) specifies how the market will be segmented and how the product will be positioned, priced, and promoted.D) determines the nature of procurement and transportation of materials as well as manufacture and distribution of the product.E) determines how it will obtain and maintain the appropriate set of skills and abilities to meet customer needs.Answer: BDiff: 1Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies3) A company's marketing and sales strategyA) defines the set of customer needs that it seeks to satisfy through its products and services.B) specifies the portfolio of new products that it will try to develop.C) specifies how the market will be segmented and how the product will be positioned, priced, and promoted.D) determines the nature of procurement and transportation of materials as well as manufacture and distribution of the product.E) determines how it will obtain and maintain the appropriate set of skills and abilities to meet customer needs.Answer: CDiff: 2Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies4) A company's supply chain strategyA) defines the set of customer needs that it seeks to satisfy through its products and services.B) specifies the portfolio of new products that it will try to develop.C) specifies how the market will be segmented and how the product will be positioned, priced, and promoted.D) determines the nature of procurement and transportation of materials as well as manufacture and distribution of the product.E) determines how it will obtain and maintain the appropriate set of skills and abilities to meet customer needs.Answer: DDiff: 1Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies5) Which of the following determines the nature of procurement of raw materials, transportation of materials to and from the company, manufacture of the product or operation to provide the service, and distribution of the product to the customer along with follow-up service?A) Competitive strategyB) Product development strategyC) Marketing and sales strategyD) Supply chain strategyE) none of the aboveAnswer: DDiff: 1Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies6) Which of the following defines the set of customer needs that a company seeks to satisfy through its products and services?A) Competitive strategyB) Product development strategyC) Marketing and sales strategyD) Supply chain strategyE) none of the aboveAnswer: ADiff: 2Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies7) Which of the following specifies the portfolio of new products that a company will try to develop?A) Competitive strategyB) Product development strategyC) Marketing and sales strategyD) Supply chain strategyE) all of the aboveAnswer: BDiff: 1Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies8) A supply chain strategy involves decisions regardingA) inventory.B) transportation.C) operating facilities.D) information flows.E) all of the aboveAnswer: EDiff: 2Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies9) A supply chain strategy involves decisions regarding all of the following exceptA) inventory.B) transportation.C) new product development.D) operating facilities.E) information flows.Answer: CDiff: 2Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies10) Which of the following is not a key to the success or failure of a company?A) The competitive strategy and all functional strategies must fit together to form a coordinated overall strategy.B) The competitive strategy and all functional strategies operate independently of each other.C) The different functions in a company must appropriately structure their processes and resources to be able to execute strategies successfully.D) Each functional strategy must support other functional strategies and help a firm reach its competitive strategy goal.E) All of the above are keys to success.Answer: BDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit11) Which of the following are basic steps to achieving strategic fit?A) Understanding the customer and supply uncertainty.B) Understanding the supply chain capabilities.C) Achieving strategic fit.D) All of the above are basic steps to achieving strategic fit.E) None of the above are a basic step to achieving strategic fit.Answer: DDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Analytic Skills12) The uncertainty of customer demand for a product is theA) rate of strategic uncertainty.B) demand uncertainty.C) implied demand uncertainty.D) average forecast error.E) none of the aboveAnswer: BDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Analytic Skills13) The uncertainty that exists due to the portion of demand that the supply chain is required to meet is theA) rate of strategic uncertainty.B) demand uncertainty.C) implied demand uncertainty.D) average forecast error.E) none of the aboveAnswer: CDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Analytic Skills14) Which of the following customer needs will cause implied uncertainty of demand to decrease?A) Range of quantity required increasesB) Lead time decreasesC) Variety of products required increasesD) Required service level increasesE) none of the aboveAnswer: EDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit15) Which of the following customer needs will cause implied uncertainty of demand to increase?A) Product marginB) Lead time decreasesC) Average stockout rateD) Average forced season end markdownE) none of the aboveAnswer: BDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Analytic Skills16) Which of the following is not a characteristic of customer demand correlated with implied uncertainty?A) Product marginB) Unpredictable and low yieldsC) Average stockout rateD) Average forced season end markdownE) None of the above are correlated with implied uncertainty.Answer: BDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit17) Which of the following is not a supply chain capability that will impact supply uncertainty?A) Evolving production processB) Inflexible supply capacityC) Limited supply capacityD) Product marginE) Unpredictable and low yieldsAnswer: DDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit18) The first step in achieving strategic fit between competitive and supply chain strategies is toA) understand the supply chain and map it on the responsiveness spectrum.B) understand customers and supply chain uncertainty.C) match supply chain responsiveness with the implied uncertainty of demand.D) ensure that all functional strategies within the supply chain support the supply chain's level of responsiveness.E) none of the aboveAnswer: BDiff: 3Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit19) The second step in achieving strategic fit between competitive and supply chain strategies is toA) understand the supply chain and map it on the responsiveness spectrum.B) understand customers and supply chain uncertainty.C) match supply chain responsiveness with the implied uncertainty of demand.D) ensure that all functional strategies within the supply chain support the supply chain's level of responsiveness.E) none of the aboveAnswer: ADiff: 3Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit20) The final step in achieving strategic fit between competitive and supply chain strategies is toA) understand the supply chain and map it on the responsiveness spectrum.B) understand customers and supply chain uncertainty.C) match supply chain responsiveness with the implied uncertainty of demand.D) combine customer and supply chain uncertainty and map it on the implied uncertainty spectrum.E) all of the aboveAnswer: CDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Analytic Skills21) Supply chain responsiveness includes the ability to do which of the following?A) Handle supply uncertaintyB) Understand customers and supply chain uncertaintyC) Match supply chain responsiveness with the implied uncertainty of demandD) Ensure that all functional strategies within the supply chain support the supply chain's level of responsivenessE) none of the aboveAnswer: ADiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit22) Supply chain responsiveness includes the ability to do which of the following?A) Understand customers and supply chainB) Meet a very high service levelC) Match supply chain responsiveness with the implied uncertainty of demandD) Ensure that all functional strategies within the supply chain support the supply chain's level of responsivenessE) none of the aboveAnswer: BDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit23) Supply chain responsiveness includes the ability to do which of the following?A) Understand customers and supply chainB) Match supply chain responsiveness with the implied uncertainty of demandC) Meet short lead timesD) Ensure that all functional strategies within the supply chain support the supply chain's level of responsivenessE) all of the aboveAnswer: CDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit24) The cost of making and delivering a product to the customer is referred to asA) supply chain responsiveness.B) supply chain efficiency.C) cost-responsiveness efficient frontier.D) implied uncertainty.E) none of the aboveAnswer: BDiff: 1Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit25) The curve that shows the lowest possible cost for a given level of responsiveness is referred to as theA) supply chain responsiveness curve.B) supply chain efficiency curve.C) cost-responsiveness efficient frontier.D) responsiveness spectrum.E) none of the aboveAnswer: CDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit26) A firm that is not on the cost-responsiveness efficient frontier can improveA) both responsiveness and cost performance.B) only responsiveness.C) only cost performance.D) responsiveness, but not cost performance.E) neither responsiveness nor cost performance.Answer: ADiff: 1Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Analytic Skills27) A graph with two axes with implied uncertainty along the horizontal axis and responsiveness along the vertical axis is referred to as theA) implied uncertainty spectrum.B) responsiveness spectrum.C) uncertainty/responsiveness map.D) zone of strategic fit.E) none of the aboveAnswer: CDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit28) The relationship where increasing implied uncertainty from customers and supply sources is best served by increasing responsiveness from the supply chain is known as theA) implied uncertainty spectrum.B) responsiveness spectrum.C) uncertainty/responsiveness map.D) zone of strategic fit.E) none of the aboveAnswer: DDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Analytic Skills29) The drive for strategic fit should come fromA) the supply chain manager.B) the strategic planning department.C) the highest levels of the organization, such as the CEO.D) middle management.E) sales and marketing.Answer: CDiff: 3Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit30) The important points to remember about achieving strategic fit areA) there is one best supply chain strategy for all competitive strategies.B) there is no right supply chain strategy independent of the competitive strategy.C) there is a right supply chain strategy for a given competitive strategy.D) all of the aboveE) B and C onlyAnswer: EDiff: 3Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit31) The preferable supply chain strategy for a firm that sells multiple products and serves customer segments with very different needs is toA) set up independent supply chains for each different product or customer segment.B) set up a supply chain that meets the needs of the highest volume product or customer segment.C) tailor the supply chain to best meet the needs of each product's demand.D) set up a supply chain that meets the needs of the customer segment with the highest implied uncertainty.E) set up a supply chain that meets the needs of product with the highest implied uncertainty. Answer: CDiff: 3Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit32) Which of the following would not be a demand and supply characteristic toward the beginning stages of a product's life cycle?A) Demand is very uncertain and supply may be unpredictable.B) Demand has become more certain and supply is predictable.C) Margins are often high and time is crucial to gaining sales.D) Product availability is crucial to capturing the market.E) Cost is often of secondary consideration.Answer: BDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit33) Which of the following would be a demand and supply characteristic toward the beginning stages of a product's life cycle?A) Demand has become more certain and supply is predictable.B) Margins are lower due to an increase in competitive pressure.C) Product availability is crucial to capturing the market.D) Price becomes a significant factor in customer choice.E) none of the aboveAnswer: CDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit34) Which of the following would not be a demand and supply characteristic in the later stages of a product's life cycle?A) Demand has become more certain and supply is predictable.B) Margins are lower due to an increase in competitive pressure.C) Product availability is crucial to capturing the market.D) Price becomes a significant factor in customer choice.E) All of the above are characteristics of the later stages.Answer: CDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit35) The functions and stages that devise an integrated strategy with a shared objective are referred to asA) competitive strategy.B) supply chain strategy.C) scope of strategic fit.D) scope of marketing strategy.E) scope of product development strategy.Answer: CDiff: 2Topic: 2.3 Expanding Strategic Scope36) The value chain consists of direct and indirect activities. Which of the following is an indirect activity for an enterprise?A) MarketingB) DistributionC) Human ResourcesD) ServiceAnswer: CDiff: 3Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies37) A ________ strategy specifies the portfolio of new products that a company will try to develop.A) Product DevelopmentB) Marketing and SalesC) Supply ChainD) FinanceAnswer: ADiff: 2Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies38) A ________ strategy specifies how the market will be segmented and how the product will be positioned, priced, and promoted.A) Product DevelopmentB) Marketing and SalesC) Supply ChainD) FinanceAnswer: BDiff: 2Topic: 2.1 Competitive and Supply Chain Strategies39) Between 1993 and 2006, Dell's competitive strategy was to provide a large variety of customizable products at a reasonable price. Given the focus on customization, Dell's supply chain was designed toA) be responsive.B) provide a different product.C) operate on a low-cost basis.D) provide sustainable products.Answer: ADiff: 3Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills40) For a company to achieve strategic fit, it must accomplish the following keys:A) All functional strategies must fit together to form a coordinated overall strategy.B) The different functions in a company must appropriately structure their processes and resources to be able to execute these strategies successfullyC) The overall supply chain must operate at the lowest cost possible to achieve success.D) The design of the overall supply chain and the role of each stage must be aligned to support the supply chain strategy.Answer: CDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Analytic Skills41) Efficient supply chainsA) respond quickly to demand.B) have higher margins because price is not a prime customer driver.C) maintain buffer inventory to deal with demand/supply uncertainty.D) maximize performance at a minimum cost.Answer: DDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic FitAACSB: Analytic Skills42) With the ________ view firms attempt to align all operations within a function. In this view all supply chain functions including sourcing, manufacturing, warehousing, and transportation must align their strategy to minimize total functional cost.A) Intrafunctional scopeB) Intraoperation scopeC) Interfunctional scopeD) Intercompany scopeAnswer: BDiff: 3Topic: 2.3 Expanding Strategic Scope43) The key weakness of the ________ view is that different functions within a firm may have conflicting objectives.A) Intrafunctional scopeB) Intraoperation scopeC) Interfunctional scopeD) Intercompany scopeAnswer: ADiff: 3Topic: 2.3 Expanding Strategic Scope44) Which of the following is NOT a challenge that makes it increasingly difficult for supply chains to achieve strategic fit?A) GlobalizationB) Changing TechnologyC) Shorter Life CyclesD) Decreasing Product VarietyAnswer: DDiff: 2Topic: 2.4 Challenges to Achieving and Maintaining Strategic FitAACSB: Analytic Skills2.3 Essay Questions1) Discuss the two keys to the success or failure of a company.Answer: A company's success or failure is thus closely linked to the following keys:1. The competitive strategy and all functional strategies must fit together to form a coordinated overall strategy. Each functional strategy must support other functional strategies and help a firm reach its competitive strategy goal.2. The different functions in a company must appropriately structure their processes and resources to be able to execute these strategies successfully.Diff: 3Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit2) List and explain the three basic steps to achieving strategic fit.Answer: There are three basic steps to achieving strategic fit:1. Understanding the customer and supply chain uncertainty. First a company must understand the customer needs for each targeted segment and the uncertainty the supply chain faces in satisfying these needs. These needs help the company define the desired cost and service requirements. The supply chain uncertainty helps the company identify the extent of disruption and delay the supply chain must be prepared for.2. Understanding the supply chain capabilities. There are many types of supply chains, each of which is designed to perform different tasks well. A company must understand what its supply chain is designed to do well.3. Achieving strategic fit. If a mismatch exists between what the supply chain does particularly well and the desired customer needs, the company will either need to restructure the supply chain to support the competitive strategy or alter its strategy.Diff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit3) List the attributes along which customer demand from different segments can vary. Answer: In general, customer demand from different segments may vary along several attributes as follows:∙The quantity of the product needed in each lot∙The response time that customers are willing to tolerate∙The variety of products needed∙The service level required∙The price of the product∙The desired rate of innovation in the productDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit4) List the abilities included in supply chain responsiveness.Answer: Supply chain responsiveness includes a supply chain's ability to do the following:∙Respond to wide ranges of quantities demanded∙Meet short lead times∙Handle a large variety of products∙Build highly innovative products∙Meet a very high service level∙Handle supply uncertaintyDiff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit5) Discuss the impact of the product life cycle on strategic fit between implied demand uncertainty and supply chain responsiveness.Answer: As products go through their life cycle, the demand characteristics and the needs of the customer segments being served change. Supply characteristics also change as the product and production technologies mature. High-tech products are particularly prone to these life cycle swings over a very compressed time span. A product goes through life cycle phases from the introductory phase, when only the leading edge of customers is interested in it and supply is uncertain, all the way to the point at which the product becomes a commodity, the market is saturated, and supply is predictable. Thus, if a company is to maintain strategic fit, its supply chain strategy must evolve as its products enter different phases. As products mature, the corresponding supply chain strategy should, in general, move from being responsive to being efficient. The key point here is that demand and supply characteristics change over a product's life cycle. Because demand and supply characteristics change, the supply chain strategy must also change over the product life cycle if a company is to continue achieving strategic fit.Diff: 2Topic: 2.2 Achieving Strategic Fit6) Explain scope of strategic fit.Answer: Scope of strategic fit refers to the functions and stages that devise an integrated strategy with a shared objective. It is a key issue relating to strategic fit in terms of supply chain stages, across which the strategic fit applies. At one extreme, every operation within each functional area devises its own independent strategy with the objective of optimizing its individual performance. In this case, the scope of strategic fit is restricted to an operation in a functional area within a stage of the supply chain. At the opposite extreme, all functional areas within all stages of the supply chain devise strategy jointly with a common objective of maximizing supply chain profit. In this case, the scope of strategic fit extends to the entire supply chain. Expanding the scope of strategic fit improves supply chain performance. The scope of strategic fit can be represented on a two-dimensional grid. Horizontally, the scope of strategic fit is considered across different supply chain stages, starting from suppliers and moving all the way along the chain to the customer. Vertically, the scope is applied to the fit achieved across different functional strategies, competitive, product development, supply chain, and marketing. Diff: 2Topic: 2.3 Expanding Strategic Scope。
一、判断题（18×1＝18分）1、用户需求是供应链中信息流、商品流和服务流、资金流运作的驱动源。
（√）2、实际上，供应链的范围比物流要窄。
（×）3、当供应链的容量能满足用户需求时，就认为供应链处于平衡状态。
（√）4、供应链管理是一个在20世纪80年代起开始广泛使用的术语。
（√）5、供应链管理不强调把主要精力放在企业的关键业务上。
（×）6、现代的采购目的很简单，就是为库存而采购。
（×）7、采购管理主要致力于简化所有直接和间接物料的购买过程。
（√）8、“牛鞭效应”产生的原因是需求信息沿着供应链向上传递的过程中被不断曲解。
（√）9、客户满意的服务理念工作中心是满足客户的需求。
（×）10、条形码技术是在计算机的应用实践中产生和发展起来的一种自动识别技术。
（√）11、一维码和二维码简单的叠加就形成了复合码。
（×）12、EDI是一种在公司之间传输订单、发票等商业文件的电子化手段。
（√）13、QR是美国纺织服装业发展起来的一种供应链管理方法。
（√）14、从企业的角度看，供应链的设计是一个企业的再造问题。
（×）15、标杆法就是将那些出类拔萃的企业作为企业测定基准，以他们为学习的对象，迎头赶上，并进而超越之。
（√）16、零售业电子商务的核心是供应链管理。
（×）17、电子收款机是一种有效减少发票的技术手段。
（√）18、全球化供应链管理是供应链管理功能的一种扩展和延伸。
（√）二、单选题（10×1＝10分）1、供应链形成的背景说法不正确的是（B）A、经济全球化；B、社会大分工的形成；C、社会信息化；D、知识创新。
2、供应链管理这个名词最早出现在（D）。
A、交通运输业；B、城市配送业；C、信息产业；D、咨询业。
3、下列说法正确的是（）A、企业实行业务外包是为了分担风险；B、竞争力就是核心竞争力C、全球的业务外包不可能形成D、合作伙伴关系很难建立4、供应链运行绩效的评估（B）A．涉及到的是供应链上的部分企业；B．涉及到了供应链上所有的企业；C．只涉及到核心企业；D．只与上下游企业之间有关系。
