2016同济大学研究生考试真题

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题答案及解析一、选择题（1）设1231),1a x a a =，则（ ）.A. 123,,a a aB. 231,,a a aC. 213,,a a aD. 321,,a a a 【答案】B 【解析】21151362231101()22ln(1113x a x x x x a x x x a x +→=-=-=+==当时，所以，从低到高的顺序为a 2,a 3,a 1,选B.（2）已知函数2(1),1()ln ,1x x f x x x -<⎧=⎨≥⎩，则()f x 的一个原函数是（ ）.A. 2(1),1()(ln 1),1x x F x x x x ⎧-<=⎨-≥⎩B. 2(1),1()(ln 1)1,1x x F x x x x ⎧-<=⎨+-≥⎩C. 2(1),1()(ln 1)1,1x x F x x x x ⎧-<=⎨++≥⎩D. 2(1),1()(ln 1)1,1x x F x x x x ⎧-<=⎨-+≥⎩【答案】D【解析】对函数()f x 做不定积分可得原函数，1ln ln ln xdx x x x dx x x x C x=-⋅=-+⎰⎰，因此选择D.（3）反常函数①121x e dx x -∞⎰，②1201x e dx x+∞⎰的敛散性为（ ）. A. ①收敛，②收敛 B. ①收敛，②发散 C. ①发散，②收敛 D. ①发散，②发散 【答案】B【解析】①111102011[lim lim ](01)1xxx x x x e dx e d e e x x--∞-∞→∞→=-=--=--=⎰⎰收敛。

②111110200011[lim lim ]xx x xxx x e dx e d e e e x x+∞+∞+∞→∞→=-=-=--=+∞⎰⎰发散。

所以，选B.（4）设函数()f x 在(,)-∞+∞内连续，其导函数的图形如图所示，则（ ）.A. 函数()f x 有2个极值点，曲线()y f x =有2个拐点B. 函数()f x 有2个极值点，曲线()y f x =有3个拐点C. 函数()f x 有3个极值点，曲线()y f x =有1个拐点D. 函数()f x 有3个极值点，曲线()y f x =有2个拐点 【答案】B【解析】根据图像可知导数为零的点有3个，但是最右边的点左右两侧导数均为正值，因此不是极值点，故有2个极值点，而拐点是一阶导数的极值点或者是不可导点，在这个图像上，一阶导数的极值点有2个，不可导点有1个，因此有3个拐点.（5）设函数()(1,2)i f x i =具有二级连续导数，且0''()0(1,2)i f x i <=，若两条求曲线()(1,2)i y f x i ==在点00(,)x y 处具有公切线()y g x =，且在该点曲线1()y f x =的曲率大于曲线2()y f x =，则在0x 的某个邻域内，有（ ）. A. 12()()()f x f x g x ≤≤ B. 21()()()f x f x g x ≤≤ C. 12()()()f x g x f x ≤≤ D. 21()()()f x g x f x ≤≤ 【答案】A【解析】因y=f 1(x)与y=f 2(x)在(x 0,y 0)有公切线，则f 1(x 0)=f 2(x 0), f 1’ (x 0)=f 2’(x 0) 又y=f 1(x)与y=f 2(x) 在(x 0,y 0)处的曲率关系为k 1>k 2.10201233121222101010201020|''()||''()|,[1()][1()]"()0,"()0,"()"()0.f x f x k k f x f x f x f x f x f x ==++<<<<因又则从而在x 0的某个领域内f 1(x)与f 2(x)均为凸函数，故f 1(x)≤g(x), f 2(x)≤g(x),排除C,D. 令F(x)=f 1(x)-f 2(x),则F(x 0)=0，F ’(x 0)=0, F ”(x 0)<0. 由极值的第二充分条件得x=x 0为极大值点。

2016年同济大学风景园林基础344考研真题一、选择题（每题1分，共12分）1、“设计结合自然”与“道法自然”中的自然的含义（不同，前者指自然环境，后者指宇宙万物的规律？）2、不属于风景园林规划设计三大基本方面的是a背景场地b*力活动c环境生态d空间形态3、不属于景观设计层次内容的是a方案设计b扩初设计c细部设计d施工图设计4、不属于居住区绿地系统中的公共绿地分类的是a居住区公园b 小区游园c组团绿地d宅旁绿地5、根据《城市绿地系统规划编制纲要》，不属于要求的编制内容a城市绿地分类规划b树种规划c生物多样性保护规划d防灾避险绿地规划6、下列选项中（）被选为创业产业园a上海M50 b成都国际集装箱物流园区c汽车主题公园d广州大学城7、1587年兴建在卡香郊外的（费因园）是杰出的波斯规则式大庭院。

8、上海方塔园的设计者是（冯纪忠）9、1841年出版了道宁的（《造园论》）10、下列树种中用于常绿行道树的是（英桐）11、南宋时西湖边上景致丰富，著名诗人（）为其写下了。

a陆游b辛弃疾c杨万里d。

12、明代北京勺园的主人是（米万钟）二、填空题（每题1分，共20分）1、充分利用不同的立地条件，选择攀缘或者其他植物栽植并依附或。

及其他空间结构上的绿化方式称为（13）垂直绿化？2、根据《公园设计规范》，一般公园可设的常规设施有（14）（15）（16）。

3、冲击湖群是由河流和海洋的水动力冲刷和淤积作用的而形成。

（17）（18）两种.4、景观游憩的主体一般有三类（19）（20）以及（21）。

（21题目有给，看不到。

）5、边缘空间的生态效应主要有（22）（23）（24）。

6、景观工程中，竖向设计着重解决的问题为（25）（26）。

7、视觉景观的基本构成要素有（27）、景观轴、（28）。

8、衡量绿化水平的指标有（29）（30）（31）。

9、波斯地毯绘有庭院的平面表现的是（32）（33）。

三、识图题卢森堡花园、卡什特罗别墅、何园、狮子林（不全）四、绘图题1、2、3、试绘出扬州瘦西湖五亭桥的平面与正立面4、试绘出古埃及底比斯阿米诺菲斯三世时代的宅院鸟瞰图。

2016年同济大学城市规划原理真题
一、简述题（9'*10）
1、中国近代城市化的类型及特点，举例说明
2、中国历史文化名城保护的三个层次及保护要点
3、体现住区舒适性的技术经济指标有哪些？它们的含义是什么
4、住区更新改造工作要注意哪些方面？
5、编制工业区控规进行地块划分时，应当确定的控制指标有哪些，要点是什么？
6、基于都市区的概念，谈谈都市区一体化发展的某一方面
7、新型城镇化视角下已转移到城镇就业的农业人口市民化的规划对策
8、保障房选址的要点有哪些
9、总规中人口分布需要研究和考虑的因素
10、为什么总规的前期研究需要展开评估
二、论述题（20'*3）
1、分析住区的宜居性，需要从哪三个方面入手？
2、针对中心城的疏解，新城开发是特大城市规划的重要手段，而实际建设往往存在巨大偏差，举例说明并简述产生的原因。

3、分析城市设计在城市规划体系中的作用及地位；并分析编制控规时所编制的城市设计与传统城市设计的差别及其作用
2016及2017同济城市规划考研群421770312。

2016年同济大学翻硕考研真题（完整版）凯程首发刚考完2016考研初试，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，所考专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

考研分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程老师把专业的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考研的同学使用，本试题凯程首发!第一科:翻译硕士英语一。

单项选择（1分×30＝30分）前20个是词义辨析，单词不难，就是长得相似的让你选。

后10个是改错，只是选出来，不用改正。

二。

阅读理解（2分×20＝40分）一共四篇阅读，第一篇不长，难度适中，第二篇和第三篇超级长，每一个都有三页纸，挺难的。

最后一篇是简答题，要求字数在5个以内，不过文章很好懂，答案都能在文章中找出来。

三。

作文（1×30分＝30分）关于How to be a professional translator，字数要求300字，比其他学校都少。

第二科是翻译基础一。

词条翻译（1分×30＝30分）福利彩票连环恐怖袭击案零团费按揭贷款一带一路扶贫微商西藏高原真人秀增值税餐桌污染九二共识保险索赔命运共同体探月工程CA T. HIV. CPA. DOJmodern pentathlontransit-tradegraffito pollutionstealth shoppercredit-card fraudanimated featurecampus enterpreneurshipinter-city commutersocial media whizadorkablebinge-watch二。

翻译1.英译汉60分The living windmill is not only beautiful but romantic too: a willing, man-serving creature, yoked to the elements, a whirling monster, often a thing of terror. No one can stand very near the crashing sweeps of a windmill in half of a gale without a frightening of the hearta feeling comparable to that which comes from watching the waves break over a wall in a storm. And to be within the mill at such a time is to know something of sounds very sources; it is the cave of noise itself. No doubt there are dens of hammering energy which are more shattering, but the noise of a windmill is largely natural, the product of wood striving with the good sou-wester; it fills the ears rather than assaults them. The effect, moreover, is by no means lessened by the absence of the wind itself and the silent nonchalance of the miller and his man, who move about in the midst of this appalling racket with the quiet efficiency of vergers.In my mill, of course, there is no such uproar; nothing but the occasional shaking of the cross-pieces of the idle sails. Everything is still, and the pity of it is that everything is in almost perfect order for the days work. The mill one day some score years agotwas full of life; the next, and ever after, mute and lifeless, like a stream frozen in a night or the palace in Tennysons ballad of the Sleeping Beauty. There is no decayt merely inanition. One or two of the apple-wood cogs have been broken from the great wheel; a few floor planks have been rotted; but that is all. A weeks overhauling would put everything right. But it will never come, and the cheerful winds that once were to drive a thousand English mills so happily now bustle over the Channel in vain.附上译文，大家看着方便译文: 转动着的风车不仅看起来美丽，而且非常浪漫：一个受制于自然的魔力但情愿为人类服务的温顺家伙，一个飞舞旋转的怪物或者往往是一个使人惧怕的东西。

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！
第 1 页 共 1 页 2016年同济大学030500马克思主义理
论考研真题
马克思主义基本原理
1，马克思主义科学性与革命性的关系
2，矛盾对立统一规律
3，质量互变规律
4，时间检验真理的确定性与不确定性
5，如何理解“资本是可以带来剩余价值的价值”。

资本的特殊性和一般性是什么 6，资本主义生产资料私人占有和生产社会化之间的关系
7，经济全球化的动因和结果
1，客观规律与主观能动性的关系
2，科学技术与社会发展的关系，分析科技创新对社会发展的作用
3，美国是世界上经济发展和科学技术最先进的国家，经济基础决定上层建筑，因此美国的上层建筑也是世界上最先进的，你怎么认识
4，用马克思主义哲学原理，政治经济学，科学社会主义分析四个全面体现马克思主义时代特征
中国近现代史纲要
1.洪秀全简评
2.《新青年》简评
3.中共四大的历史意义
4.谈《反对本本主义》
5.中国革命的三大法宝
6.中英香港问题的谈判
1.中国“百日维新”和日本“明治维新”的比较
2.洪宪帝制的历史背景
3.论中国抗日战争持久战略思想
4.谈邓小平对中国道路的贡献。

2016年同济大学翻译硕士考研真题和经验政治：我是九月底开始看的，一个月的时间吧肖秀荣精讲精练看完然后把1000题做了，很不幸的是1000题被人偷了，简直了，错题都标记在上面，还有我的笔记也被觊觎了，只能重来，所以大家一定要保管好自己重要的资料，别以为自己会那么倒霉被偷，说不定就是这么倒霉。

过第一遍的时候可以不要太求速度，一定要细心，每个点都要过一遍，过完之后，你可能会觉得后面记前面忘，很正常，因为要反复看个几遍你才会记住。

一开始就不需要背诵了，只要能把答案选出来就好了，多过个两三遍。

然后肖秀荣出来什么买什么，我是把他的东西全部买了个遍了，另外风中劲草也不错，很适合诵读。

最后的时候肖八肖四和启航20天20题，我是觉得任4 貌似不太好，这只是我个人意见。

一定也要看肖八的分析题，今年就有考到原题，但是我没有重视。

翻译硕士英语：同济大学今年的试卷分值分布是这样的语法词汇10*1（其中只是点有not so much as. come what way 还有几个词汇都不太难）选择改错20*1（题目划了一个句子，下面五个选项a是没有变，另外四个做了相应的修改有点像二笔的改错，其中有些时态用错了，或者指代不明，或者太罗嗦）阅读六篇30*1 （以前看经验都说阅读简单，对于这次考试并没有这么觉得，后面的题目都很长都要读上半天，原文也不是很懂，可能我水平有限把，总之这门考试我是败在阅读上了，大家复习的时候还是要好好做阅读的，其实我也一直在做，做了两本阅读，但是还是这个样，可能真的还是和平时要多阅读外文篇章有关吧）作文40 500字（作文很简单，二选一第一个electronic books vs. printed books 第二个The greatest wealth is health 都不难写）这门课的复习词汇那一部分，我用了二笔的综合能力教材和练习，华研外语专四语法词汇，华研外语专八词汇新题型记了两个本子的单词多记单词有好处的不仅对阅读，词汇选择有好处，对翻译也有好处。

2016考研数学（一）真题及答案解析一、选择题：1～8小题，每小题4分，共32分，下列每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求的，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．．指定位置上. （1）若反常积分()11badx x x +∞+⎰收敛，则（ ）（2）已知函数()()21,1ln ,1x x f x x x -<⎧⎪=⎨≥⎪⎩，则()f x 的一个原函数是（ ）（3）若()()222211y x y x =+=++是微分方程()()y p x y q x '+=的两个解，则()qx =（ ）（4）已知函数(),0111,,1,2,1x x f x x n n n n ≤⎧⎪=⎨<≤=⎪+⎩，则（ ）（A ）0x =是()f x 的第一类间断点 （B ）0x =是()f x 的第二类间断点（C ）()f x 在0x =处连续但不可导 （D ）()f x 在0x =处可导（5）设A ，B 是可逆矩阵，且A 与B 相似，则下列结论错误的是（ ） （A ）TA 与TB 相似 （B ）1A -与1B -相似 （C ）T A A +与T B B +相似 （D ）1A A -+与1B B -+相似（6）设二次型()222123123121323,,444f x x x x x x x x x x x x =+++++，则()123,,2f x x x =在空间直角坐标下表示的二次曲面为（ ）（A ）单叶双曲面 （B ）双叶双曲面 （C ）椭球面 （C ）柱面 （7）设随机变量()()0,~2>σσμN X ，记{}2σμ+≤=X P p ，则（ ）（A ）p 随着μ的增加而增加 （B ）p 随着σ的增加而增加（C ）p 随着μ的增加而减少 （D ）p 随着σ的增加而减少（8）随机试验E 有三种两两不相容的结果321,,A A A ，且三种结果发生的概率均为31，将试验E 独立重复做2次，X 表示2次试验中结果1A 发生的次数，Y 表示2次试验中结果2A 发生的次数，则X 与Y 的相关系数为（ ）二、填空题：9?14小题，每小题4分，共24分，请将答案写在答题纸．．．指定位置上. （9）()__________cos 1sin 1ln lim200=-+⎰→x dt t t t xx（10）向量场()()zk xyj i z y x z y x A ++++=,,的旋度_________=rotA（11）设函数()v u f ,可微，()y x z z ,=由方程()()y z x f x y z x ,122-=-+确定，则()_________1,0=dz（12）设函数()21arctan axxx x f +-=，且()10''=f ，则________=a （13）行列式10010014321λλλλ--=-+____________.（14）设12,,...,n x x x 为来自总体()2,Nμσ的简单随机样本，样本均值9.5x =，参数μ的置信度为0.95的双侧置信区间的置信上限为10.8，则μ的置信度为0.95的双侧置信区间为______. 三、解答题：15—23小题，共94分.请将解答写在答题纸．．．指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.（15）（本题满分10分）已知平面区域()(),221cos ,22D r r ππθθθ⎧⎫=≤≤+-≤≤⎨⎬⎩⎭，计算二重积分Dxdxdy ⎰⎰.（16）（本题满分10分）设函数()y x 满足方程'''20,y y ky ++=其中01k <<.()I 证明：反常积分0()y x dx +∞⎰收敛；()II 若'(0)1,(0)1,y y ==求0()y x dx +∞⎰的值.（17）（本题满分10分）设函数(,)f x y 满足2(,)(21),x y f x y x e x-∂=+∂且(0,)1,t f y y L =+是从点(0,0)到点(1,)t 的光滑曲线，计算曲线积分(,)(,)()tL f x y f x y I t dx dy x y∂∂=+∂∂⎰，并求()I t 的最小值（18）设有界区域Ω由平面222=++z y x 与三个坐标平面围成，∑为Ω整个表面的外侧，计算曲面积分()zdxdyydzdx dydz x I3212+-+=⎰⎰∑（19）（本题满分10分）已知函数()f x 可导，且(0)1f =，10'()2f x <<，设数列{}n x 满足1()(1,2...)n n x f x n +==，证明：（I ）级数11()n n n xx ∞+=-∑绝对收敛；（II ）lim n n x →∞存在，且0lim 2nn x →∞<<.（20）（本题满分11分）设矩阵1112221,11112A a B a a a --⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪⎪== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪----⎝⎭⎝⎭当a 为何值时，方程AXB =无解、有唯一解、有无穷多解？（21）（本题满分11分）已知矩阵011230000A -⎛⎫ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭（I ）求99A（II ）设3阶矩阵23(,,)B ααα=满足2B BA =，记100123(,,)B βββ=将123,,βββ分别表示为123,,ααα的线性组合。

一、填空题1.休克患者（）小时更换输液器2.呼吸系统（CPT）物理治疗包括（）（）（）（）3.2015心肺复苏分为两链（）（）4.颅内高压症状5.基础代谢正常值6.血栓闭塞性脉管炎典型标志（）7.CVP是右心房和（）压力，反应血容量和（）8.右心衰主要表现（）、充盈9.体位引流适用于痰液过重的（）（）10.无11.消化性溃疡并发症（）、穿孔、（）、癌变12.SLE特征性改变（）二、选择题1.口底、颌下及颈部蜂窝织炎最严重后果（）2.伤口清创最佳时机（）3.烧伤九分法，错误的是（）4.大面积烧伤休克早期属于（）5.乳癌早期表现（）6.一侧闭合性气胸萎缩在（）以下无明显症状7.周围型肺癌，最常见的是（）8.食管癌进食呛咳，提示艾侵犯（）神经9.胸腔闭式引流，安装错误的是（）10.继发性腹膜炎特点（）11.常见阑尾腔梗阻是（）12.高位肠梗阻呕吐特点（）13.腹部损伤腹腔内脏出血主要来自（）14.甲状腺大部切除，术后24小时呼吸困难，颈部肿胀，表明（）15.胸管拔管时嘱患者（）16.血栓闭塞性脉管炎主要病变部位（）17.下列哪项不是骨折晚期并发症（）18.骨与关节结核好发于（）19.三杯尿终末血尿提示（）20.婴幼儿常见急腹症（）21.慢性肾衰，钾离子10.2mmol/L，可能出现（）22.医院获得性肺炎（48）小时23.甲亢饮食（）24.础脉见于（）25.痰液描述错误的是（）26.氧浓度计算（）27.下列不属于心室压力负荷增加的是（）28.我国肝硬化常见原因（）29.肝性脑病禁用（肥皂水）灌肠30.心源性水肿特征（）31.急性消化道大出血是短时间内一次性失血量为循环总量的（）%32.血尿：红细胞大于（）个.33.肾病综合症常见并发症（）34.真性菌尿计数（）35.抗甲状腺药物不良反应（）36.出血性溃疡首选筛查项目（）37.霍奇金淋巴瘤唯一全身症状（）38.同29题39.以意识内容改变为主的意识障碍为（）40.确诊脑出血方法（）41.急性肺栓塞以（）常见42.使用直线双向波除颤首次能量为（120）J43.CPR首选药物（肾上腺素）44.院前急救是指（）45.现场对危重患者进行病情评估时，桡动脉触摸不清，说明收缩压小于（）mmHg46.有关成人胸外按压方法错误的是（）47.Swan-Ganz导管留置时间为（3-5）d48.创伤性死亡第二高峰时间在伤后（）小时49.休克指数为1，失血量（）ml50.某患者既往无心脏病史，超声心动心脏各瓣膜结构正常，测PAP15mmHg，PAVP21mmHg，CVP14mmHg提示不会出现（）A血容量过多B左心功能不全C肺动脉高压D休克三、名词解释1.高渗性失水2.TPN3.夏柯三联征4.甲状腺危象5.Honer综合征6.肺性脑病四、简答题1.洋地黄反应处理2.如何重建尿失禁患者正常排尿功能3.手术后早期活动意义4.三阶梯用药5.乳癌术后皮瓣护理6.急性中毒急救原则五、综合1.溶血（输错血）护理措施2.胃肠道：胆结石胆道梗阻（1）放T管目的（2）拔管指针（3）非药物治疗有哪些3.甲状腺危象诱因，紧急处理措施。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题Selection ⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creat ive, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper 2 , firms in happy places spend mor e on R&D ( research and development ). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 .But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be i nfluenced by sentiment.” The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 .Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1．[A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2．[A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3．[A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary 4．[A] individualism [B] mordenism [C] optimism [D] realism5．[A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6．[A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7．[A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8．[A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered 9．[A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize 10．[A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methords 11．[A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable 12．[A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke13．[A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare 14．[A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced 15．[A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16．[A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally 17．[A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18．[A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19．[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20．[A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSelection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses,sail Tom Cortina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However,Cortina said,early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science,they learn that it’s not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. Thehigh-schoolers get the same curriculum,but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman,an instructor. For instance,one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover,so the “Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn —how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—for the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.21．Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to .[A] complete future job training[B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses[D] perfect artwork production22．In delivering lessons for high-schoolers,Flatiron has considered their .[A] experience[B] academic backgrounds[C] career prospects[D] interest23．Deborah Seehorn believes that the skill learned at Flatiron will .[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24．According to the last paragraph,Flatiron students are expected to .[A] compete with a future army of programmers[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] bring forth innovative computer technologies25．The word “coax”(Line4,Para6)is closest in meaning to .[A] challenge[B] persuade[C] frighten[D] misguideText 2Biologists estmate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened.”The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation.”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe, Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as”endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened”tag gave the federal govemment flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches .In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with westem stata govemments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chieken’s habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm ,or disturb the bird as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat, Negotiated by USFWS and the states ,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat .USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring praine chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA),a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring preogress,Overall ,the idea is to let”states remain in the driver’s seatfor managing the species,”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric,Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly,industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far,environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough,”The federal government is giving responsibility for managine the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26．The major reason for listiong the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is .[A]the insistence of private landowners[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D] its drastically decreased population27．The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it .[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure[B] would involve fewer regulatory powers[C] granted less federal regulatory powers[D] went against conservation policies28．It can be learned from Paragragh 3 that unintentional harm-doers will be prosecuted if they .[A] agree to pay a sun for compensation[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D] promise to raise funds for USFWA operations29．According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is .[A] the federal government[B] the wildlife agencies[C] the landowners[D] the states30．Jay Lininger would most likely support .[A] the plan under challenge[B] the win-win rhetoric[C] environmental groups[D] industry groupsText 3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read, “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times.”But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes:” is overwhelm ingly inclined toward communication... It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.” Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally. Judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, ” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles(days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them. “No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time’s flow into soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers, “carry a book with you at all times” can actually work too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read”, but just reading, and making time for everything else.31．The usual time management techniques don’t work because____.[A] what they can offer does not case the modern mind[B] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[C] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32．The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to____.[A] update their to-do lists[B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through[D] pursue carefree reading33．Fbcrlc would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps______.[A] promote ritualistic reading[B] encourage the efficiency mind-set[C] develop online reading habits[D] achieve immersive reading34．“Carry a book with you at all time” can take work if_____.[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35．The best title for this text could be _____.[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B] How to Set Reading Goals[C] How to Find Time To Read[D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of changes in economy and population structure youngest Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has foundAcross generational lines Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life including getting married having children owning a home and retiring in their sixties, but while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of fulfilling life they offer striking different paths for reaching itYoung people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home , the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining pro and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.While young people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects forthose starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college Even now that he is working steadily, he said ,”I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to r ent rooms out to people to make that happen.” Looking back, he is stuck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.” I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees.” Schneider said,” I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36．One cross-generation mark of a successful life is _____.[A] having a family with children[B] trying out different lifestyles[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37．It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to _____.[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to per-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38．Thepriorities and expectations defined by the young will _____.[A] depend largely on political preferences[B] reach almost all aspects of American life[C] focus on materialistic issues[D] become increasingly clear39．both young and old agree that _____.[A] good paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40．Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging[B] His parents good life has little to do with a college degree[C] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success[D] He found a dream job after graduating form collegePart BDirections: You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is two extra headings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Be silly[B] Have fun[C] Express your emotions[D] Don't overthink it[E] Be easily pleased[F] Notice things[G] Ask for helpAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41．__________________What does a child do when he's sad?He cries.When he's angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then-again.like children-move.42．__________________A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time ,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn't stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43．__________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones like endorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection.All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels.44．__________________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing aroud the living room,anyone?)--it doesn't matter,so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45．__________________Having said all of the above,it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.Section III Translation46．Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart A47．Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend,Jack,wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to1）think him, and2）give your advice.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48．Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart, In your writing.You should1) interpret the chart and2) Give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)2016年管理类专业学位联考英语（二）真题解析（华是学院英语组权威名师董宏乐、马红）完型填空：1-5 C B D C D 6-10 B A D A B 11-15 A B A D C 16-20 D C C B B 阅读理解：21-25 B D A C B 26-30 D C A D C 31-35 D B D A C36-40 A C B D B 41-45 C E A B D翻译：超市设计的目的就是为了使消费者花尽可能多的时间再店内逛。

同济大学2016年景观规划设计原理考研试题一判断题 ( 1分* 10 )1 Y N 格式塔视觉理论中,等长的水平线和垂直线,水平线看上去要长.二选择题 ( 1分* 10 )1 林缘线是指2 << 旅游规划质量分析评价>>从_______年开始实施A 2000B 2001C 2002三填空题 (每空1分, 共30分)1 城市绿化中,三大指标是——————，——————，——————２风景名胜区应与——————，——————，——————，——————及其他规划相联系．３景观分析评价中的四大学派是————————，————————，————————，————————，两大陈营是——————，——————．４绿量————————又称————————５碧玉妆成一树高，万条垂柳绿丝绦,不知细叶谁裁出,二月春风似剪刀” ,描写的是——————植物.四名词解释 (４分＊５)１公园２风景资源３生态旅游４季相变化５住宅高视点景观五简答（以下8题, 任选6题）(10分*6)１景观规划设计中从规划设计到施工阶段共包括哪几个阶段,各阶段对应的图纸比例是多少?２城市绿地系统规划的发展趋势?３风景名胜区规划的基础资料调查内容和手段４风景资源的自然资源分类的原则５旅游区控制性详细规划的主要内容６计算生态容量的自然资源最起码考虑的因素７美国景观建筑师(景观规划师)的注册内容,其要求是什么?六论述题（２０分）（二题任选一题）１景观规划设计专业作为一门学科，其专业理论核心是什么？其主要内容是什么？２简述旅游规划在城市发展中的作用．。

同济大学817经济学历年硕士研究生入学考试试题（2010-2016）目录同济大学817经济学历年硕士研究生入学考试试题（2010-2016） (1)同济大学817经济学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题 (1)2016同济大学经济学考研真题 (3)同济大学817经济学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题一、选择（不定选）1、生产可能性曲线凹向原点的原因：规模报酬、2、给两条需求曲线，每条上有两点，分别比较其需求弹性大小3、q=min(3X,Y) 问：X与Y的关系（替代，互补），最佳比例，替代比例等4、给定效用函数及约束曲线，求对其中某一产品消费在总收入中占得比例5、一人用自己的土地、厂房等开了个工厂，问其成本属于那类：显成本，以成本，会计成本，机会成本等等，具体选项记不得了6、09年两位美国诺贝尔经济学奖得主的研究成果是：公地悲剧、市场结构、经济增长、还有两三个选项不记得了（马上上网查到：埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆花费了众多心血研究证明如何让集体组织成功地管理公共财产。

奥利弗·威廉姆森所创立的理论被许多企业视为解决争端的有效方案。

）7、给出IS-LM曲线，问：交点代表两市场都平衡，还有图中点是在产品市场平衡还是货币市场平衡，划分的四个区域在产品市场的供求关系和货币市场的平衡情况二、名词解释1、纳什均衡2、科斯定理3、永久收入假说4、流动性陷阱5、奥肯定率三、计算题1、给定生产函数Q=),min(KL,劳动和资本价格分别为w,r，求C(Q,w,r)2三个寡头垄断厂商成本函数为C1= 121200qq ,C2=q22+200q2,C3=q2 3+200q3,且已知市场需求函数P(q)(具体不记得了，是一次线性的)问①当价格是竞争机制时，每个厂商的产量、利润②最大利润时，各厂商价格，产量，利润③1和2合并成厂商4，求4与3的最大利润④合并后的影响（问题大概是这样的）3、给定一组数据，求①用收入法计算GDP②支出法计算GDP③计算政府预算赤字④计算储蓄⑤计算进出口额（总之就是国名收入的计算了）4、给定C,I,G,NX,L,M,①求国民收入和利率，消费，投资，政府支出②党政府支付减少60，求国民收入和利率，消费，投资，政府支出③问挤出是多少四、问答题1、对产品征税时，什么时候全由消费者承担，什么时候全由厂商承担？2、解释“道德选择”和“逆向风险”的含义并说明其区别3、解释短期边际成本曲线和长期边际成本曲线成U型的原因用宏观经济政策分析金融危机的对策，并说明与我国事情相符合2016同济大学经济学考研真题一、名词解释（共12分，每小题3分）1．消费者剩余【分析】本题是“803经济学综合”2008年原题，建议考生多加重视历年真题。

2016同济大学设计创意学院考研初试回忆版题型选择题10题＊3 / 30填空题25题＊2／50主观题5题＊10+1题＊20＝70总计150分一.选择题1.青铜是由铜和什么物质合成的？2.里程碑性的《后工业社会的来临》（the coming of past-Industrial Society)一书中重新定义了经济活动，其作者是？3.潘顿是哪个国家的？4.《设计心理学》、《情感化设计》等书的作者是？二.填空题1.新艺术运动分别在法国、比利时、德国分别被称为？2.——是计成将园林创作实践总结提高到理论的专著，全书论述了宅园、别墅营建的原理和具体手法，反映了中国古代造园的成就，总结了造园经验，是一部研究古代园林的重要著作。

3.古希腊的三大柱式4.用四个字概括明代家具的特点5.什么是指按什么区分出来的一种新型人才类型。

用字母“T”来表示他们的知识结构特点。

“—”表示什么，“|”表示什么。

6.在协同设计和的什么背景下，什么成为人们越来越关注的内容。

7.谁是诗人，又是工艺美术运动的先锋人物。

三.主观题1.《中国制造2025》的背景，以及设计对中国制造可以起的作用2.任选一题：a.生成式设计（generative design）的定义，及举例b.Victor Papanek的著作贡献及评价。

（design for the real world）3.从创新构成要素角度，比较分析大疆无人机和苹果iphone手机在设计创新上的共同之处4.选一个熟悉的交互装置，从：input、process、output三方面分析其工作原理和过程5.2015年工业设计具有了全新定义，根据实例从内涵和特征等角度对工业设计定义的的变化作简析并说出成因。

同济大学
2016年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：建筑专题分析与研究建筑设计快题
某实习基地方案设计
某大学拟在南方沿海城市兴建设计分院，平时作为校办产业对外承接建筑设计业务，寒暑假可接纳一个常规班（30人左右）的生产实习。

该设计分院建成后，将成为建筑专业学生相对固定的实习基地。

一、设计内容
1、设计室（STUDIO）300㎡
2、接待及洽谈室50㎡
3、院办公用房（院长、设总、院行政等）4*15㎡
4、模型室（含仓库）60㎡
5、资料室60㎡
6、晒图室40㎡
7、食堂、厨房120㎡
8、多功能厅（会议、娱乐、室内活动等）150㎡
9、双床间宿舍20间*30㎡
10、门厅及展示面积120㎡
11、辅助用房（传达、为生间、开水间、配电、杂物间等）80㎡
12、车库（3个标准车位）50㎡
13、篮球场、停车坪（3~5个车位）、绿化、环境小品等
二、设计要点
1、分院职工住宿不在本题考虑
2、学生宿舍闲时考虑对外营业，招待所档次
3、建筑不超过3层、总建筑面积：2500㎡（10%）
4、充足自然采光通风
5、总平面布置不留发展余地，不留设计死角
6、提示：功能分区、空间组织、流线设计、房间规格、建筑类型特征
7、基地允许向城市道路开一个口。

三、图纸要求
1．总平面图1:500~1:300
2、平面、立面、剖面1:200（立面图1~2个、剖面图1~2个）
3、效果图（建议线条淡彩，图幅不小于225mm*300mm）
4、技术经济指标（总建筑面积、建筑密度、绿地绿等）。