2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题

全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)考试大纲(非英语专业)全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1National Master's Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (II) Examination Syllabus (Non-English Major)Introduction:The National Master's Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (II) is a standardized test designed to assess the English language proficiency of non-English major students who wish to pursue a master's degree in China. This examination is a crucial part of the application process for graduate programs in various disciplines, and it tests the candidates' reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills in English.Examination Format:The National Master's Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (II) consists of four sections:1. Reading Comprehension:This section assesses the candidates' ability to understand and analyze written texts. The candidates will be required to answer multiple-choice questions based on a series of passages on various topics, such as science, history, literature, and social issues.2. Listening Comprehension:In this section, the candidates will listen to a series of recordings and answer multiple-choice questions based on the content of the recordings. The recordings may include conversations, lectures, and news reports.3. Speaking:The speaking section evaluates the candidates' ability to express their ideas and opinions in English. The candidates will be asked to respond to prompts on various topics and engage in discussions with the examiners.4. Writing:The writing section tests the candidates' ability to write coherent and well-organized essays in English. The candidates will be required to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time limit.Preparation Strategies:To excel in the National Master's Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (II), candidates should adopt the following preparation strategies:1. Practice regularly: Candidates should practice reading, listening, speaking, and writing in English on a daily basis to improve their language skills.2. Familiarize themselves with the examination format: Candidates should understand the format of the examination and practice past papers to become familiar with the types of questions that may appear on the test.3. Expand their vocabulary: Candidates should learn new words and phrases in English to enhance their ability to understand and express themselves effectively.4. Seek feedback: Candidates should seek feedback from teachers, tutors, or peers to improve their language proficiency and address any weaknesses in their English skills.Conclusion:The National Master's Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (II) is an important test for non-English major students who aspire to pursue a master's degree in China. By preparing systematically and diligently for the examination, candidates canenhance their English language skills and improve their chances of success in the competitive application process for graduate programs.篇2National Master's Entrance Examination in English(Non-English Major) Exam OutlineI. IntroductionThe National Master's Entrance Examination in English (Non-English Major) is a standardized test designed to evaluate the English language proficiency of non-English major graduate students in China. The exam is an important criterion for admission to various master's programs in English-speaking countries or other programs that require English language proficiency.II. Exam ContentThe exam consists of four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Each section tests different language skills and abilities, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of the candidate's English proficiency.1. Listening:The listening section assesses the candidate's ability to understand spoken English in various contexts, including academic lectures, conversations, and radio broadcasts. Candidates are required to answer multiple-choice questions based on the audio materials they hear.2. Reading:The reading section tests the candidate's comprehension of written English texts, such as academic articles, essays, and reports. Candidates are expected to answer questions that assess their ability to analyze and interpret the information presented in the texts.3. Writing:The writing section evaluates the candidate's ability to express ideas clearly and coherently in written English. Candidates are asked to write essays or reports on given topics, demonstrating their skills in argumentation, logic, and organization.4. Speaking:The speaking section examines the candidate's ability to communicate effectively in spoken English. Candidates are required to participate in conversations, role-plays, orpresentations, demonstrating their fluency, pronunciation, and accuracy in speaking.III. Exam FormatThe exam is conducted in a computer-based format, with different sections administered at specified times. Candidates are allotted a specific amount of time for each section, with breaks provided between sections to ensure optimal performance.IV. ScoringThe exam is scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with each section weighted differently. The final score is a composite of the scores obtained in each section, providing an overall assessment of the candidate's English proficiency level.V. PreparationTo prepare for the National Master's Entrance Examination in English (Non-English Major), candidates are advised to practice regularly and familiarize themselves with the exam format and content. They can use study materials, attend preparatory courses, or seek guidance from English language tutors to improve their language skills.In conclusion, the National Master's Entrance Examination in English (Non-English Major) is a crucial assessment that determines the English language proficiency of non-English major graduate students seeking admission to master's programs. By understanding the exam outline, content, format, scoring, and preparation strategies, candidates can effectively prepare for the exam and increase their chances of success.篇3National Master's Entrance Examination English (Part II) Syllabus (Non-English Major)1. Listening Comprehension (30%)Part A: Listen and select the best response to the question you hear. (5 points)Part B: Listen and choose the best answer to the question you hear. (10 points)Part C: Listen and choose the statement that best summarizes the passage you hear. (5 points)Part D: Listen and choose the correct speaker for each statement. (5 points)Part E: Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing information you hear. (5 points)2. Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)Part A: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. (10 points)Part B: Choose the word(s) or phrase(s) that best explain the underlined word(s) or phrase(s). (10 points)Part C: Choose the word(s) or phrase(s) that best fits the blank in the sentence. (10 points)3. Reading Comprehension (30%)Part A: Read the passage and answer the questions. (10 points)Part B: Read the passage and fill in the blanks with the correct words or phrases. (10 points)Part C: Read the passage and choose the statement that best summarizes the passage. (10 points)4. Writing (10%)Part A: Write an article on a given topic. (10 points)Total: 100 pointsNote: The above exam syllabus is subject to change based on the examination committee's decision. Candidates are advised to prepare thoroughly by practicing sample questions and familiarizing themselves with the exam format. Good luck with your preparation!。

2016年考研英语（二）英语知识运用备考策略千呼万唤中，2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲于2015年9月17日与各位考生见面了。

考纲是考生有效开展复习的必备武器。

了解考试大纲，考生才能弄清考研考查的内容和方式，认真研究考研真题，明确复习的目标。

总地来说，今年的考纲，仍然遵循去年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲中对于考生英语知识的考察维度和考试要求。

其中，英语知识运用部分，也就是完型填空部分，较去年没有明显的变化。

完形填空文章基本具有以下几个特点，掌握这几个特点有助于帮助考生提高对文章的整体把握和解题能力。

一、英语知识运用文章的结构特点1.文章首句的确定性英语知识运用的文章首句一般不留空，目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素：地点、时间、人物和事由等背景信息，且首句中往往含有主题词甚至文章的中心思想。

这是由完形填空题本身的特点所决定的。

由于英语知识运用部分要求从内容和结构两个方面将文章补充完整，整篇文章应该有一个中心思想，应该具有一定的逻辑性和完整性。

从文章的篇章结构来看，第一句话一般都是主题句。

为了帮助考生进入语境，进入答题状态，出题者往往先提供一个完整的句子，设空一般从第二句话开始。

因此，完形填空的第一句话是非常重要的，考生不仅要重视这个句子，而且要看懂。

只有在看懂的基础上，考生才能顺利进入状态，把握整片文章的解题思路。

2.文章的完整性和逻辑性英语知识运用文章的结构最常采用总分对照型。

纵观历年英语知识运用真题，所有文章的主线思路都很清晰，而且都大部分都采用了总分对照结构。

此种结构对于整篇文章而言，是通过总述句概括出文章的中心主线，然后由分述部分对总述，即中心主线展开详细描述。

总述是对分述的概括，分述是对总述的展开，两者之间有着明确的相互支持、相互印证的对照关系。

完形填空文章一般出自名家之手或选自有名的报纸杂志，内容涉及我们所熟悉的话题。

文章可能是一段节选，也可能是一篇自成一体的小短文，但无论是哪一种情况，这篇文章都有其完整性和逻辑性，也就是说，文章里面或有前因后果，或是平铺直叙，前后通过一条主要线索按逻辑构成一个整体。

2016考研英语二真题阅读翻译在每年考研英语考试中,阅读理解试题在整个试卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。

下面就是店铺给大家整理的2016考研英语二真题阅读翻译，希望对你有用!考研英语阅读原文Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens — a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands — once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species' historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the "threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—widemanagement plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress.Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn't go far enough."The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction," says biologist Jay Lininger.考研英语阅读翻译生物学家估计美国中西部和西南部的广袤草原上曾生活着多达200万只的小草原松鸡，这些红色的小草原松鸡为灰蒙蒙的草原风貌增添了几分红艳。

211华南理工大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语笔译(专业学位)211华南理工大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语笔译（专硕）211华南理工大学2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语笔译(专硕)A. People could explain well why they made their choices.B. Only a few of participants had choice blindness in making decision.C. Usually participants were aware of the limits of their skills.D. Most participants didn’t realize that their choices had been switched.44. Change blindness refers to the phenomenon that_________________.A. many people fail to notice the big change around themB. people tend to ignore the small changes in the surroundingsC. people’s choices can be easily interrupted by a big changeD. quite a few people do not have a good sense of directions45. What do researchers think is the drive for many everyday preferences?A. The haste judgment.B. The mechanism of self-feedback.C. The interaction with others.D. The expectation for the future.Passage fourRicky Gervais’s new film, The Invention of Lying, is about a world where lying doesn’t exist, which means that everybody tells the truth, and everybody believes everything everybody else says. “I’ve always hated you,”a man tells a work colleague. “He see ms nice, if a bit fat,” a woman says about her date. It’s all truth, all the time, at whatever the cost. Until one day, when Mark, a down-on-his-luck loser played by Gervais, discovers a thing called “lying” and what it can get him. Within days, Mark is rich, famous, and courting the girl of his dreams. And because nobody knows what “lying” is? he goes on, happily living what has become a complete and utter farce.It’s meant to be funny, but it’s also a more serious commentary on us all. As Americans, we like to think we value the truth. Time and time again, public-opinion polls show that honesty is among the top five characteristics we want in a leader, friend, or lover; the world is full of sad stories about the tragic consequences of betrayal. At the same time, deception is all around us. We are lied to by government officials and public figures to a disturbing degree; many of our social relationships are based on little white lies we tell each other. We deceive our children, only to be deceived by them in return. And the average person, says psychologist Robert Feldman, the author of a new book on lying, tells at least three lies in the first 10 minutes of a conversation. “There’s always been a lot of lying,” says Feldman，whose new book, The Liar in Your Life, came out this month. “But I do think we’re seeing a kind of cultural shift where we’re lying more, it’s easier to lie, and in some ways it’s almost more acceptable.”As Paul Ekman, one of Feldman’s longtime lying colleagues and the inspiration behind the Fox IV series “Lie To Me”defines it，a liar is a person who “intends tomislead,”“deliberately,”without being asked to do so by the target of the lie. Which doesn’t mean that all lies are equally toxic: some are simply habitual –“My pleasure!” -- while others might be well-meaning white lies. But each, Feldman argues, is harmful, because of the standard it creates. And the more lies we tell, even if they’re little white lies, the more deceptive we and society become.We are a culture of liars, to put it bluntly, with deceit so deeply ingrained in our mind that we hardly even notice we’re engaging in it. Junk e-mail, deceptive advertising, the everyday pleasantries we don’t really mean –“It’s so great to meet you! I love that dress”– have, as Feldman puts it, become “a white noise we’ve learned to neglect.” And Feldman also argues that cheating is more common today than ever. The Josephson Institute, a nonprofit focused on youth ethics, concluded in a 2008 survey of nearly 30,000 high school students that “cheating in school continues to be rampant, and it’s getting worse.” In that survey, 64 percent of students said they’d cheated on a test during the past year, up from 60 percent in 2006. Another recent survey, by Junior Achievement, revealed that more than a third of teens believe lying, cheating, or plagiarizing can be necessary to succeed, while a brand-new study, commissioned by the publishers of Feldman’s book, shows that 18-to 34-year-olds--- those of us fully reared in this lying culture --- deceive more frequently than the general population.Teaching us to lie is not the purpose of Feldman’s book. His subtitle, in fact, is “the way to truthful relationships.”But if his book teaches us anything, it’s that we should sharpen our skills — and use them with abandon.Liars get what they want. They avoid punishment, and they win others’ affection. Liars make themselves sound smart and intelligent, they attain power over those of us who believe them, and they often use their lies to rise up in the professional world. Many liars have fun doing it. And many more take pride in getting away with it.As Feldman notes, there is an evolutionary basis for deception: in the wild, animals use deception to “play dead” when threatened. But in the modem world, the motives of our lying are more selfish. Research has linked socially successful people to those who are good liars. Students who succeed academically get picked for the best colleges, despite the fact that, as one recent Duke University study found, as many as 90 percent of high-schoolers admit to cheating. Even lying adolescents are more popular among their peers.And all it takes is a quick flip of the remote to see how our public figures fare when they get caught in a lie: Clinton keeps his wife and goes on to become a national hero. Fabricating author James Frey gets a million-dollar book deal. Eliot Spitzer’s wi fe stands by his side, while “Appalachian hiker” Mark Sanford still gets to keep his post. If everyone else is being rewarded for lying，don’t we need to lie, too, just to keep up?But what’s funny is that even as we admit to being liars, study after study shows thatmost of us believe we can tell when others are lying to us. And while lying may be easy, spotting a liar is far from it. A nervous sweat or shifty eyes can certainly mean a person’s uncomfortable, but it doesn’t necessarily mean they’re lying. Gaze aversion, meanwhile, has more to do with shyness than actual deception. Even polygraph machines are unreliable. And according to one study, by researcher Bella DePaulo, we’re only able to differentiate a lie from truth only 47 percent of the time, less than if we guessed randomly. “Basically everything we’ve heard about catching a liar is wrong,”says Feldman, who heads the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.Ekman, meanwhile, has spent decades studying micro-facial expressions of liars: the split-second eyebrow arch that shows surprise when a spouse asks who was on the phone; the furrowed nose that gives away a hint of disgust when a person says “I love you.” He’s trained everyone from the Secret Service to the TSA, and believes that with close study, it’s possible to identify those tiny emotions. The hard part, of course, is proving them. “A lot of times, it’s easier to believe,” says Feldman. “It takes a lot of cognitive effort to think about whether someone is lying to us.”Which mea ns that more often than not, we’re like the poor dumb souls of The Invention of Lying, hanging on a liar’s every word, no matter how untruthful they may be.46. What do we know about Mark in the film The Invention of Lying?A. He looks too thin for his date.B. He is the most honest man.C. Lying changes his life completely.D. He lives in a lying world.47. According to Robert Feldman, the author of The Liar in Your Life, Americans now_____________________.A. regard the truth as very importantB. tend to lie more often than beforeC. start a conversation with three liesD. hate to be deceived by their children48. How does Robert Feldman see little white lies?A. They do harm to both people and the society.B. They are more acceptable than habitual lies.C. They are necessary in the social relationships.D. They are good-intentioned and thus harmless.49. The survey of the Josephson Institute revealed in 2008 that____________.A. most students passed the examinations by cheatingB. few students realized the harm of deceivingC. lying had become a habit of many studentsD. cheating was spreading unrestrainedly in schools。

2016年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)试卷(通卡)本试卷共8页,满分100分,考试时间150分钟考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。

必须在答题卡上答题,写在试卷上的答案无效选择题部分第一部分:阅读判断(第1~10题,每题1分,共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑Being"Cool" in Middle SchoolA new study shows that gentle and quiet kids in middle school will grow up to rule. Or, at least, they'll live healthier and more productive lives than the"cool”kids will.The study looked at 13-year-olds who acted old for their age by having"cool"behavior, such as early romantic relationships. They were seen as"cool”and popular kids. But as they grew up, things changed. The study found that these kids tended to have problems with drugs and relationships by their early 20s.Their behavior was no longer linked with popularity. Instead, they were thought to be less socially skilled by their peers. Besides, the average "cool"kids by age 22,did more poorly than the average kids in the study They had a 45 percent greater rateof problems due to drugs and alcohol. They also had a 22 percent greater rate of criminal behavior. The study also found that these kids failed to develop important life skills. They spent so much time trying to seem cool. They didn't develop the skills needed for meaningful friendships.The study followed 86 male and 98 female middle school students for a 10-year period. It has some surprising findings. In particular, the study notes that the so-called"cool "behavior is a predictor(预示)of future problems with drugs and alcohol. In fact, it is a better predictor than drug and alcohol use in middle school. However, one conclusion of the study is welcome. Researchers said that parents shouldn't worry too much if their kids don't seem that popular. If a kid prefers to spend Saturday nights at home watching a movie or reading instead of going out with friend, that is not a cause for concern. Many"uncool"kids, they said, do much better later on than the popular kids do.1. Gentle kids are less healthy when they grow up.A. TrueB. FalseC Not Given2. "Cool" kids try to imitate adult behavior.A. TrueB. FalseC Not Given3. Romantic relationships seem cool to some teenagers.A. TrueB. FalseC Not Given4."Uncool"kids are more likely to commit crimes.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not given5.“Cool”kids have better life skills than“uncool”kidsA. TrueB. FalseC Not Given6. "Uncool "kids spend most of their time studying.A. TrueB. FalseC Not Given7. The study followed the students for a decade.A. TrueB. FalseC Not Given8.Cool"" kids marry earlier than"uncool"kids.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not given9. Parents needn't worry if their kids are"uncool”.A. TrueB. FalseC Not given4610.“Cool”kids remain popular all their lives.A. TrueB. FalseC Not Given第二部分:阅读选择(第11~15题,每题2分,共10分)阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、0、D)中选出1个最佳选项,并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。

绝密★启用前2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）（科目代码：201）试卷条形码☆考生注意事项☆1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。

2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4　, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11　. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14　, but not common. Divorced persons are 15　with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1. [A] by way of [B] with regard to [C] on behalf of [D] as well as2. [A] decide on [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] adapt to3. [A] close [B] arrange [C] renew [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Unless [B] Lest [C] After [D] Although6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] or [B] since [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B] copy [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] association [B] meeting [C] collection [D] union12. [A] deal [B] part [C] grow [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] avoid [B] follow [C] challenge [D] obtain15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] wherever [B] whatever [C] whenever [D] however17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] invested [B] divided [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A] warms [B] clears [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A] while [B] so that [C] in that [D] onceSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on” (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models’ character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] gradually destroyed.[B] effectively reinforced.[C] largely overshadowed.[D] properly protected.28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’s Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance.[B] skepticism.[C] uncertainty.[D] approval.32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.33. The expression “more lenient” (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A] more effective.[B] less controversial.[C] less severe.[D] more lasting.34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,”he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to[A] the high cost of operation.[B] the pressure from its investors.[C] the complaints from its readers.[D] the increasing online ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print edition for good.[C] aim for efficient management.[D] make strategic adjustments.38. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times.[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.[C] will have the cost of printing reduced.[D] expands the popularity of the paper.39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world,[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated.[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understand the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41.As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and ina rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)与其只提要求，不如做个榜样2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题参考答案1-5DABAC6-10ACCDA11-15DDBDC16-20BBBCA21-25ADBCD26-30DADBD31-35BACAB36-40ADBCC41-45CGDEF【参考译文】46.我们无需刻意去了解学习才能让心理更健康，它正如我们的身体知道怎样让伤口愈合和修复骨折一样，是根植于我们体内的/是我们与生俱来的能力。

2016年12月研究生英语学位课统考（GET）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. VOCABULARY 3. CLOZE 4. READING COMPREHENSION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.听力原文：1. W: John, how far away are we from the desert?M: About 300 miles. We have to get some gas. Service stations on the highway are few and far between. W: That’s a good idea. Q: What can we learn about driving along this highway?2. M: Would you please tell me how to get to Times Square from here?W: Sure. You can take the subway or a bus. You can also get there on foot if you are not exhausted now. M: Sorry. I didn’t catch that. Q: What does the man mean?3. W: Attention please. Our schedule for today will start by visiting the Forbidden City in the morning. After lunch at a nearby restaurant, we are going to the Summer Palace. We’ll probably return to our hotel around 7 p.m.M: Will we be free in the evening?W: Yes. We have no particular arrangement in the evening.Q: What is the woman’s job likely to be?4. W: I was told that you have broken up with your girlfriend. Is that true?M: Yes, it’s true. She’s always been rude to me, but the last straw was when she started insulting my mother. Q: What can we learn about this man?5. M: Hello, Jane. Haven’t seen you for ages. How are you doing?W: Not bad. I’m working as a sales representative. I travel a lot. That’s why you rarely see me. M: Why did you quit your job as the CEO’s secretary? W: I became fed up with making or answering telephone calls all day. Q: Why did the woman change her job?1．A．There are many gas stations.B．There are few gas stations.C．There are various risks.D．There are few cars on the road.正确答案：B解析：女士说：我们离沙漠还有多远?男士说：大约300英里。

上海外国语大学 2016 年硕士研究生入学考试英语二外（自命题）试题（考试时间 180 分钟，满分 100 分，共 11 页）I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)Directions: From the four choices given, choose ONE to complete the sentence.Section A: Grammar (15%, @1%)1.In an hour, we can travel to places __________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what2.________ men have learned much from the behavior of animals isbarely new.A That B. Those C. What D. Whether3. It is reported that a series of meetings _____ held about the best way to market the new product.A. wasB. wereC. hasD. have4. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself.A. injuredB. had injuredC. would injureD. injure5. ________ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A. Had it not beenB. It were notC. Weren’t itD. Had not it been6. Anyone, once ____ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A. to be testedB. being testedC. testedD. to test7. Hearing his words, I couldn’t decide _________ or remain.A. whether to go abroadB. if I go abroadC. if to go abroadD. to go abroad8. ----To build a factory is beneficial to the locals, but on the other hand, it will be not environmentally friendly.---- That’s_____ environmental protection organizations disagree.A. whatB. whereC. howD. which第1页共11页9. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used late for his lecture.A. to have studentsB. for students' beingC. for students to beD. to students' being10. I can’t meet you on Sunday. I’ll be ________ occupied.A. alsoB. justC. neverthelessD. otherwise11. They have eaten all the oranges on the table and ____ was left for me.A. noneB. nothingC. no oneD. not anything12. —May I go and play with Dick this afternoon，Mum?—No，you can’t go out________your work is being done.A. beforeB. untilC. asD. the moment13. Let’s not wait any longer, he might not ________ at all.A. turn overB. turn upC. used toD. turn down14. The car _______ halfway for no reason.A. broke offB. broke downC. broke upD. broke out15. Even as a girl, _____ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers.A. performing by Melissa wereB.it was known that Melissa’s performances wereC.knowing that Melissa’s performances wereD.Melissa knew that performing wasSection B Vocabulary (15%, @1%)1. The ________ majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will help decrease the crime rate.A. overflowingB. overwhelmingC. prevalentD. premium2.The two most important ________ in making a cake are flour and sugar.A. elementsB. componentsC. ingredientsD. constituents3. Cultural ________ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another.A. translationB. transitionC. transmissionD. transaction4. No one knew that the apparently ________ businessman was really a criminal.A. respectiveB. respectableC. respectfulD. realistic5. If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of spiders that are alive today will have become ________.A. deterioratedB. degeneratedC. suppressedD. extinct第2页共11页6.In his last years, Henry suffered from a disease that slowly ________ him of much of his sight.A. relievedB. jeopardizedC. deprivedD. eliminated7. Because of the ________ of its ideas, the book was in wide circulation both at home and abroad.A. originalityB. subjectivityC. generalityD. ambiguity8.My sister is quite ________ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.A.aggressiveB. enthusiasticC. considerateD. ambitious9.The manager tried to wave aside these issues as ________ details that would be settled later.A. versatileB. trivialC. preliminaryD. alternate10. With its own parliament and currency and a common ________ for peace, the European Union declared itself—in 11 official languages—openfor business.A. inspirationB. assimilationC. intuitionD. aspiration11. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ________ of a brilliant career.A. thresholdB. edgeC. porchD. course12. Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an________ spur to efficiency and innovation.A. extravagantB. exquisiteC. intermittentD. indispensable13. In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction,foresaw many of the technological wonders that are ________ today.A. transientB. commonplaceC. implicitD. elementary14. The advance of globalization is challenging some of our most ________ values and ideas, including our idea of what constitutes “home”.A. enrichedB. enlightenedC. cherishedD. chartered15. Researchers have discovered that ________ with animals in an active way may lower a person’s blood pressure.A. interactingB. integratingC. migratingD. mergingII. Cloze Test (15%, @1%)Directions: Fill in each blank of the following passage with an appropriate word.Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need第3页共11页movement and exercise, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 3 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of newintellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 4 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 5 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 6to plan activities inwhich thereare more winners thanlosers, 7 ,publishing newsletters with many student written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of smallclubs can provide 8 opportunities for leadership,aswell as forpracticein successful 9 dynamics. Making friends is extremelyimportant to teenagers, and many shy students need the 10 of somekind of organization with a s upportive adult 11 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have short attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 12 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the otherparticipants 13. This does not mean thatadults must acceptirresponsibility. 14 , they can help students acquire a senseofcommitment by planning for roles that are within their 15 and their attention spans and by shavings clearly stated rules.1. A. thought B. idea C. opinion D. advice2. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance3. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because4. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance5. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed6. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise7.A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense8.A. durable B. excessive C. surplus D. multiple9. A. group B. individual C. personnel D. corporation10. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security11. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely12. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if13. A. off B. down C. out D. alone14. A. On the contrary B. On the averageC. On the wholeD. On the other hand15. A. capabilities B. responsibilities C. proficiency D. efficiencyIII. Reading Comprehension (30%, @1.5%)Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1In the early days of nuclear power, the United States made money on it. But today opponents have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor "meltdown". Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But don't expect them even on U. S. shores unless things change in Washington.The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during, or even after, construction,an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway.A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York's Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticut, both ordered in the mid-60's. Millstone, completed for $ 101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinuclear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $ 5 billion and delayed its use for many years.Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a watt power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham start up, used his power to force New York's public-utilities commission to accept the following settlement: the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant. Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands第5页共11页of homes, sits rusting.1.The author's attitude toward the development of nuclear power is______.A. negativeB.neutralC. positiveD.questioning2.What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?A.The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation Commission.B.The enormous cost of construction and operation.C.The length of time it takes to make investigations.D.The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.3.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that______.A.there are not enough safety measures in the U. S. for running new nuclear power plantsB.it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in the U.S.C.there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U. S.D.the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in the U. S.ernor Mario Cuomo's chief intention in proposing the settlement was to_______.A. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operationB. urge the power company to further increase its power supplyC.permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditions D.help the power company to solve its financial problems5.The phrase "single out" is closest in meaning to_______.A. delayB. end upC. completeD. separatePassage 2Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the world’s largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvania’s Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife.The streams, lakes, meadows, mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature第6页共11页Conservancy named the area one of America’s “Last Great Places”.Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancy’s bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area.Altemose’s family has farme d in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his family’s land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson.Cook attributes the Conservancy’s success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents “The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecti ng with the local community,” Cook said. “The people who live there respect the land. They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation effort.For more information on how you can help the Nature Conservancy protect the Poconos and the world’s other “Last Great Places,” please call1-888-564 6864 or visit us on the World Wide Web at .6.The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of America’s “Last Great Places” is to ________.A. gain support from the local communityB.protect it from irresponsible development C.make it a better home for black bearsD. provide financial security for future generations7.We learn from the passage that ________.A.the population in the Pocono area is growingB.wildlife in the Pocono area is dying out rapidlyC.the security of the Pocono residents is being threatenedD.farmlands in the Pocono area are shrinking fast8. What is important in protecting the Poconos according to Cook?A.The setting up of an environmental protection websiteB.Support from organizations like The Nature ConservancyC.Cooperation with the local residents and business leadersD.Inclusion of farmlands in the region’s protection program第7 页共11 页9.What does Bud Cook mean by “having a local presence” (Line 1, Para. 5)?A. Financial contributions from local business leadersB.Consideration of the interests of the local residentsC. The establishment of a wildlife protection foundation in the areaD. The setting up of a local Nature Conservancy branch in the Pocono area10.The passage most probably is ________.A.an official documentB.a news storyC.an advertisementD. a research reportPassage 3Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, men’s and women’s roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or women’s liberation, produced第8页共11页additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional women’s jobs as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.11.Which of the following best express the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. Women usually worked outside the home for wages.B. Men and women’s roles were easily exchanged in the past.C.Men’s roles at home were more firmly fixed than women’s.D. Men and women’s roles were usually quite separated in the past.12.Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. The first sentence.B. The second and the third sentences.C. The fourth sentence.D. The last sentence.13. In the passage the author proposes that the counterculture___.A. destroyed the United States.B. transformed some American values.C.was not important in the United States.D.brought people more leisure time with their families.14. It could be inferred from the passage that___.A.men and women will never share the same goals.B.some men will be willing to exchange their traditional male roles.C.most men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities with their wives.D.more American households are headed by women than ever before.15. The best title for the passage may be ___.A.Results of Feminist Movements.B.New influence in American Life.C.Counterculture and Its consequence.D.Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles.Passage 4What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays第9页共11页an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.16. Many people believe that science helps society to progress throughA. applied knowledge.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of machines.17.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?第10 页共11 页A.It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.B.It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.C.It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D.It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting. 18.According to the passage, a successful scientist would notA.easily believe in unchecked statements.B.easily criticize others' research work.C.always use his imagination in work.D.always use evidence from observation. 19.What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modem society.C.Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.D.How to become a successful scientist.20. What is the author's attitude towards the topic?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Biased.D. Unclear.IV. Writing (25%):Please write an essay of no less than 150 words on the title of “My View on Independence and Self-reliance”. The following statements are for your reference.1.God helps those who help themselves.2.Everyman is the architect of his own fortune.You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, language and organization.第11页共11页。

211华南理工大学2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语笔译(专业学位)Part II. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points for each) Directions: In this section, there are 2 passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write ONE best answer for each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1[1] To say that the city is a central problem of American life is simply to know that increasingly the cities are American life; just as urban living is becoming the condition of man across the world. Everywhere men and women crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living, the company of their fellows, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life.[2] Within a very few years, 80 percent of all Americans will live in cities—the great majority of them in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and Los Angeles and San Francisco and St. Louis. The cities are the nerve system of economic life for the entire Nation, and for much of the world.[3] And each of our cities is now the seat of nearly all the problems of American life: poverty and race hatred, stunted education and saddened lives, and the other ills of the new urban Nation-congestion and filth, danger and purposelessness—which afflict all but the very rich and the very lucky.[4] …The city is not just housing and stores. It is not just education and employment, parks and theaters, banks and shops. It is a place where men should be able to live in dignity and security and harmony, where the great achievements of modern civilization and the ageless pleasures afforded by natural beauty should be available to all. If this is what we want—and this is what we must want if men are to be free for that “pursuit of happiness” which was the earliest promise of the American Nation—we will need more than poverty programs, housing programs, and employment programs, although we will need all of these. We will need an outpouring of imagination, ingenuity, discipline, and hard work unmatched since the first adventurers set out to conquer the wilderness. For the problem is the largest we have ever known. And we confront an urban wilderness more formidable and resistant and in some ways more frightening than the wilderness faced by the pilgrims or the pioneers.[5] One great problem is sheer growth—growth which crowds people into slums, thrusts suburbs out over the countryside, burdens to the breakingpoint all our old ways of thought and action—our systems of transport and water supply and education, and our means of raising money to finance these vital services.[6] A second is destruction of the physical environment, stripping people of contact with sun and fresh air, clean rivers, grass and trees—condemning them to a life among stone and concrete, neon lights and an endless flow of automobiles. This happens not only in the central city, but in the very suburbs where people once fled to find nature. “There is no police so effective,”said Emerson, “as a good hill and a wide pasture…where the boys …can dispose of their superfluous strength and spirits.”We cannot restore the pastures, but we must provide a chance to enjoy nature, a chance for recreation, for pleasure and for some restoration of that essential dimension of human existence which flows only from man's contact with the natural world around him.[7] A third is the increasing difficulty of transportation—adding concealed, unpaid hours to the workweek, removing men from the social and cultural amenities that are the heart of the city; sending destructive swarms of automobiles across the city, leaving behind them a band of concrete and a poisoned atmosphere. And sometimes—as in Watts—our surrender to the automobile has so crippled public transport that thousands literally cannot afford to go to work elsewhere in the city.[8] A fourth destructive force is the concentrated poverty and racial tension of the urban ghetto—a problem so vast that the barest recital of its symptoms is profoundly shocking:Segregation is becoming the governing rule: Washington is only the most prominent example of a city which has becomeoverwhelmingly Negro as whites move to the suburbs; many othercities are moving along the same road—for example, Chicago,which, if present trends continue, will be over 50 percent Negro by1975. The ghettoes of Harlem and Southside and Watts are cities inthemselves, areas of as much as 350,000 people.Poverty and unemployment are endemic: from one-third of the families in these areas live in poverty, in some, maleunemployment may be as high as 40 percent; unemployment ofNegro youths nationally is over 25 percent.Welfare and dependency are pervasive: one-fourth of the children in these ghettoes, as in Harlem, may receive Federal Aid toDependent Children; in New York City, ADC alone costs over $20million a month; in our five largest cities, the ADC bill 's over $500million a year.Housing is overcrowded, unhealthy, and dilapidated: the last housing census found 43 percent of urban Negro housing to besubstandard; in these ghettoes, over 10,000 children may be injuredor infected by rat bites every year.Education is segregated, unequal, and inadequate: the high school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent, there are academichigh schools in which less than 3 percent of the entering studentswill graduate with an academic diploma.Health is poor and care inadequate: infant mortality in the ghettoes is more than twice the rate outside, mental retardationamong Negroes caused by inadequate prenatal care is more thanseven times the white rate; one-half of all babies born in Manhattanlast year will have had no prenatal care at all; deaths from diseaseslike tuberculosis, influenza, and pneumonia are two to three timesas common as elsewhere.[9] Fifth is both cause and consequence of all the rest. It is the destruction of the sense, and often the fact, of community, of human dialog, the thousand invisible strands of common experience and purpose, affection and respect which tie men to their fellows. Community is expressed in such words as neighborhood, civic pride, friendship. It provides the life-sustaining force of human warmth and security, a sense of one's own human significance in the accepted association and companionship of others.[10] …Community demands a place where people can see and know each other, where children can play and adults work together and join in the pleasures and responsibilities of the place where they live. The whole history of the human race, until today, has been the history of community. Yet, this is disappearing, and disappearing at a time when its sustaining strength is badly needed. For other values which once gave strength for the daily battle of life are also being eroded.[11] The widening gap between the experience of the generations in a rapidly changing world has weakened the ties of family; children grow up ina world of experience and culture their parents never knew.[12] The world beyond the neighborhood has become more impersonalowners, an English couple who were leaving Kenya and wanted to ensure that their pet would find a good home. Pippa was wearing a harness and was able to sit at a table, looking as if she might have a soft drink through a straw. She was a thoroughly spoiled cub.[2] Eighteen months later she had returned to the wild. She was living in the Northern Frontier District where she had been born. She had learned to hunt for herself, had mated with a wild cheetah, and was raising a litter of cubs.[3] Pippa’s rehabilitation to the wild required patience,perseverance, love, and the same kind of respect for her as a being that I would have offered a fellow human. I had previously shared this love and respect with Elsa the lioness, whom my husband George and I had raised as a cub. But it was not simply a matter of affection——although there was plenty of that. The rehabilitation process was important as an experiment in developing a means of trying to guarantee the survival of endangered species. The cheetah is one of these; the lion may become one soon.[4] I learned many things from Elsa and Pippa. They proved always to be interesting and affectionate companions. And I enjoyed the closeness to nature that the rehabilitation process required. But there were many times when I was working with Elsa and Pippa, and there have been many times since, when I have wondered about another endangered species, a species generally as ignorant of the threat to its survival as these two cats had been. That species is man.[5] Some recent scientific, economic, and political research suggests that the curves for food demand and food supply will cross in a maximum of 60 years. By then, man’s overpopulation, increasing pollution, and the diminishing food supply could threaten to end human life on our planet. Being aware of this research, I could not help wondering what steps man could take to ensure his survival. Could he, for instance, learn from animals something about birth control, inter-creature relationships, or thought communication that would help him avoid extinction?[6] Generally, the first reaction to such musings is one of astonishment. The question phrases itself. What can man, the most highly evolved species of animal life, learn from less developed creatures? Astonishment at this question itself suggests a starting place. Perhaps man needs to regain his humility——and his sense of perspective. Perhaps he should look at himself as just another experiment of nature, no more important intrinsically thanthe thousands of other species evolved on our planet. Man is, after all, a fairly recent development. He has lived on earth only 1.7 million years——not a very long time compared with the 400 million years of some creatures.[7] Man’s achievements during this stay are astounding. Yet they endanger his own survival. As a result, he may disappear as have other species who became too overspecialized, or outlived their environment. Perhaps more than any other creature man is notable for his constant violations of the eternal law of living in harmony with nature. Man kills everything that competes with him for living space or food. He has irreparably damaged his environment. He has forsaken nature’s b asic laws, substituting for them his own man-made laws and values. He has, for example, invented money——and now he gauges success, power, and achievement almost exclusively in terms of it. He overestimates his ego and his capacities. He worships status and sacrifices fantastically for it.[8] A more rational perspective would see that all organic life is of equal importance. That every species has its role to play. That nothing survives unless it fits into the balance of nature and lives within its environment. That all life must work together to preserve life and maintain ecology.[9] But man can also learn more specifically from animals. With his research capacity he can ask himself: How were animals able to maintain the balance of nature for more than 400 million years? Once he has unlocked these secrets, he can try to apply them to his own situation. [10] What are some of these secrets? Birth control is one. Animals have very efficient means of controlling their reproduction. We who study animals have learned about it only in the last few years. We don’t yet know how it works, but we do know some facts. Most antelopes, for example, can withhold their young for weeks, even months. They do this in order that births occur with the arrival of the rains, the availability of grazing, and the mothers’ adequate supply of milk for the young.[11] Elephants seem able to adjust their reproduction in somewhat the same way. On the Victoria Nile, for instance, one bank is extremely eroded; it provides barely enough food for the elephants living there. The opposite bank, on the other hand, is quite well covered with vegetation. Observations indicate that elephants on the grassy bank calve every four years, while those on the eroded bank do so only every nine.[12] My own observations of Elsa and Pippa have revealed some mostinteresting facts. These cats come into season every five to seven weeks. Once the first litter has been born, they have the capacity to produce a new litter every three and a half months, and some zoo-confined lionesses actually do produce litters this often. But in their natural state, females of these species will not let a male near them——let alone mate with him——while they are engaged in rearing their young to complete independence. Among lions this period lasts two years; among cheetahs it is about seventeen and a half months.[13] When Pippa lost two litters to predators a few days after their birth, she instantly looked for a mate and conceived despite the fact she had hardly recovered from giving birth. Knowing that her unfortunate cubs did not need her anymore, she lost no time in starting a new litter. This also happened with a lioness I knew.[14] Judging from this behavior, I can only assume that some kind of psychological block stops mother lions and cheetahs from wanting to mate while they are preoccupied with training their young.[15] Another secret of animals’ survival is telepathy. This sense has become atrophied in man, but a definite thought-communication functions in animals. Elsa the lioness frequently sensed when George and I intended to visit her camp, even though it lay 180 miles from our home in Isiolo. On most occasions when we made our irregular visits she was waiting for us. By following her spoor we discovered that she had sometimes walked 50 or 60 miles to meet us.[16] The same thing happened when I took Elsa’s two sisters to Nairobi to be flown to the Rotterdam zoo. Elsa stayed behind with George in Isiolo 180 miles away. He did not know when I was coming back; no person knew. But Elsa knew. On the morning of my return she sat down in the entrance drive and would not budge until I arrived in the evening.[17] I have known this kind of thought-communication with the animals with whom I’ve lived. When Elsa died, I woke in the night, knowing what had happened, even though I was several hundred miles away. The same thing occurred later with one of Pippa’s cubs.[18] I don’t possess this sensitivity with my own kind. I feel far more in tune with what is going on when I am in the bush than when I am in London or Nairobi. We don’t know much yet about this telepathy——from which gland it comes, or how it works. But if men could reawaken or cultivate it in themselves, and then cooperate by trusting each other, rather than fearingand treating one another suspiciously, the world would be a far better place.[19] Another secret of the animals is embodied in a basic law of nature which men often ignore. Every animal has around him a security zone. Within that zone he feels safe. Simple observation shows what happens to creatures whose sense of adequate living space has been consistently violated, and who have thus become degenerate. You only have to go to a zoo. There you find animals sitting like prisoners, tucked so close together that it is not surprising they become frustrated and sometimes so tense that they try to break out. Then they have to be destroyed.[20] When people see animals in this condition, they get the impression that the animals are either dangerous and aggressive or, if they have fallen into a state of utter despair, that they are lethargic or stupid. But animals that I have known in their natural state are never like this. This illustrates why zoos——even the best zoos——cannot solve the problem of recovering a healthy survival number of presently endangered species.[21] The security-zone sense, the need for adequate living space, is not limited to wild animals. Men once possessed it as well. But now our awareness of it has grown so faint that four or five people can live together in one room, a situation which repeatedly occurs in overcrowded slums. People living in these conditions often become aggressive——sometimes even criminal——for the same reason that animals do in zoos.[22] Man-made values account not only for man’s reduced awareness of his own security zone. They have also impaired a whole range of relationships which nature had placed in proper perspective. One of these, referred to earlier, is mating. Another is the relationship of mother to young. So many modern human mothers these days prefer to have jobs and put their children in day-care centers or kindergartens, rather than look after them. In nature this happens only in perverted cases. I have watched many animal mothers with their young. They are devoted to them and tend them with affection——and discipline. But they don’t overdo i t. Elsa and Pippa loved their cubs, but they also kept strict behavior. There was no nonsense about it.[23] Man’s great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet. If he wants to survive——which he can do only if all other forms of life around him survive as well——he simply has to see himself as no more important than his fellow creatures. Since man has a higher intelligence than most animals, he is responsible for insuring their survival。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二考研真题及答案（完整版）Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity we re correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales –and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more lik ely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ thi s doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the fut ure. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out1. [标准答案] [C]how[考点分析] 连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。

2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语( 二 )Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They ’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm ’ s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recentresearch paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development).That ’because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that comewith happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities ’average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms ’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness ofthe area in which they were 8 .But is it really happinessthat ’linkeds to investment, orcould something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To findout, the researchers controlled for various10 that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales–and for indicators that a placewas 11 to live in, like growthin wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 evenafter accounting for thesethings.The correlation between happinessand investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “ less codifieddecision making process ” and the possible presence of“ youngerand less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment. ” The relationship was15stronger in places where happiness was spread more16.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather thanin places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn ’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a -longertermview, the authors believe it atleast 18at that possibility.It’ s not hard to imagine thatlocalculture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “ Itsurely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20R&D more than the average, aid”ones researcher.1. [A] why [B] how [C] where [D] when2. [A]In conclusion [B] In return [C] In particular [D] In contrast3. [A] necessary [B] famous[C] perfect [D]sufficient4. [A] individualism [B]realism [C] optimism [D] modernism5. [A] miss [B] echo [C] spoil [D] change英语（二）试题.1. （共 14 页）6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] assumed [D] invented7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] headquartered [B] divided [C] advertised [D] overtaxed9. [A] summarize [B] overstate [C] explain [D] emphasize10. [A] factors [B] stages [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] emerged [C] held [D] broke13. [A] assign [B] attribute [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] instead [B] thus [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] directly [C] regularly [D] equally17. [A] While [B] Until [C] After [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] share [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] shape20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It ’s true that high-school coding classes aren ’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said TomCortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon ’ s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computerscience, they learn that it ’ confusing,notjusta endless string of letters and numbers- but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It ’ s not as hard for them totheir thought processesas it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sizedchunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this trainingcould increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive theless-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the manycoding boot camps that ’becomes popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “ wetry to gear lessons toward things they ’ reinterested in, ” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the studentsare developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won ’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “ Rubyon Rails ” language theylearned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the英语（二）试题.2. （共 14 页）WORD格式skills they learn -how to think logically through a problem and organize the results-apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers- in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing whatthey want- the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that- the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.[A]complete future job training[B]remodel the way of thinking[C]formulate logical hypotheses[D]perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.[A]experience[B]interest[C]career prospects[D]academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.[A]help students learn other computer languages[B]have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C]need improving when students look for jobs[D]enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.[A]bring forth innovative computer technologies[B]stay longer in the information technology industry[C]become better prepared for the digitalized world[D]compete with a future army of programmers25.The word “ coax ” (Line4, Para.6) is closest in meaning to____.[A]persuade[B]frighten[C]misguide[D]challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species ’ historic range.英语（二）试题.3. （共 14 页）The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided toformally list the bird as threatened. “ Thelesser prairie chicken is in adesperatesituation, ”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “ endangered, ” a status that gives f officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued thatthe “ threatenedtag”gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action andwith the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken ’ s ha Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner orbusinessesthat unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb thebird, as long as they had signed arange—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS andthe states, the plan requires individuals and businessesthat damage habitat as part of theiroperations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitablehabitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWSalso set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish andWildlifeAgencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, theidea is to let “ states ” remain in the driver ’ s seat for ，managing”Ashe thesaidspecies.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block theplan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups arechallenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’got far enough “ Thefederalgovernment is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that arepushing it to extinction, ” says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The “ threatened ” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations英语（二）试题.4. （共 14 页）29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in______[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners [D]thestates30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______[A]industry groups [B]thewin-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText 3That everyone ’toos busy these days is a clich .éBut one specific complaint is made especially mournfully ： There ’ s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time- managementtechniques don’tseem sufficient. The web ’ s full of articles offering tips on making time to read:or “ Carry a book with you at all times ” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn ’ t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of-relatedwork thoughts keeps spinning-or else you ’ re so exhausteda thatchallenging book’ s the last thing you need.The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist andcritic, writes, “ isoverwhelmingly inclinedtoward communication ⋯Itis not simply that one isinterrupted;it is that one is actuallyinclined to interruption reading”.Deeprequires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’ t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient ” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as wellspent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading, by contrast,depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it asa to-do list item and y ou’ ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not themostfulfilling kind. “ Thefuture comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable andnearly infinite conveyorbelt, ” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and a “pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they getby without being filled, we will have wasted them -set”. couldNomindbe worse for losingyourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’ dthink this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact,Eberle notes, such ritualisticbehaviour helps us “ step outside time ’ s flow ” into “ soul time ” . You could limit distrreading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “ Carrya book with you at alltimes ” can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes thedefault state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before droppingback down. On a r eally good day, it no longer feels as if you ’ re “ making time to read, just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don ’ t work because____.英语（二）试题.5. （共 14 页）WORD格式[A]what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C]what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The “ empty bottles ” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to____.[A]update their to-do lists[B]make passing time fulfilling[C]carry their plans through[D]pursue carefree reading33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps____.[A]encourage the efficiency mind-set[B]develop online reading habits[C]promote ritualistic reading[D]achieve immersive reading34. “ Carry a book with you at all times ” can work if____.[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be____.[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B]How to Find Time to Read[C]How to Set Reading Goals[D]How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adultsto prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance theircareers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services anda faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the英语（二）试题.6. （共 14 页）WORD格式searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life,from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups saidthey believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was forearlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their eldersabout the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believethosestarted in life ” face a toughergood-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating fromcollege. Even now that he is working steadily, he said. ”Ican’affordt to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their childreneven though neither had completed college when he was young. “ I still grew up in an uppermiddle-class home with parents who didn ’havet college degrees, Schneider”said. “ Idon’ t think people are capable of that anymore. ”36.One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.[A]trying out different lifestyles[B]having a family with children[C]working beyond retirement age[D]setting up a profitable business37.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ____.[A]favor a slower life pace[B]hold an occupation longer[C]attach importance to pre-marital finance[D]give priority to childcare outside the home38.The priorities and expectations defined by the young will ____.[A]become increasingly clear[B]focus on materialistic issues[C]depend largely on political preferences[D]reach almost all aspects of American life39.Both young and old agree that ____.[A]good-paying jobs are less available[B]the old made more life achievements[C]housing loans today are easy to obtain[D]getting established is harder for the young40.Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A]He found a dream job after graduating from college.WORD格式英语（二）试题.7. （共 14 页）[B]His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[C]His parents ’ good life has little to do with a college degree.[D]He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the question by choosing the most suitable subheadingfrom the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extrasubheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Ask for help[D]Don't overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Express your emotionsAct Your Shoe Size,Not Your AgeAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-helpbooks or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41._______________________What does a child do when he's sad? He cries.When he's angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then-again like children-move.42._______________________A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43._________________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies , increase good英语（二）试题.8. （共 14 页）hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chanceof fighting off infection. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.44._________________________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with---work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we alsohave the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedulein time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing around the living room,anyone?)--it doesn't matter,so long asthey're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.________________________Having said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET . (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. Accordingto brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend ,Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to1）thank him,and2）give your advice.You should write about 100 words on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “ Li Ming ” instead. Do not write the address .(10 point)Part B英语（二）试题.9. （共 14 页）48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points).某高校学生旅游目的的调查英语（二）试题.10. （共 14 页）。

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness __6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. __7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier .But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more lik ely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was __15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality. __17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer s doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer -term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the fut ure. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher. 1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when 2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion 3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary 4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism 5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change 6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed 7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often 8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered 9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize 第 1 页 共 18 页2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二考研真题及答案（完整版）Section 1 Use of English 第2 页 共18 页10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods 11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable 12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke 13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare 14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced 15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never 16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally 17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since 18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes 19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out 1. [标准答案] [C]how [考点分析] 连词辨析连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。

2016年1月硕士研究生入学考试《英语》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、PAPER ONE二、Section A(总题数：9，分数：9.00)（分数：4.15）(1).A.Because it is raining heavily.B.Because they want to have a picnic.C.Because there is too much traffic.D.Because the location is not easy to find.（分数：0.83）A. √B.C.D.【解析】女士说：昨天还是阳光灿烂!现在外面已经是大雨倾盆了。

男士说：我猜你今晚与杰里的约会取消了，对不对?女人说：是啊，因为现在我们无法去野餐了，我今晚只好留在家里。

rain cats and dogs的意思是"倾盆大雨"。

(2).A.Eat in the new cafeteria.B.Save some extra money.C.Look for an evening job.D.Pay the bill and leave.（分数：0.83）A.B.C. √D.【解析】男士说：我真的需要赚一些外快，我实际上已经花光了整个学期的预算。

女士说：你应该去新食堂看看，我想那里还会剩下一些晚上工作的空缺。

(3).A.He will buy a ring for her.B.He will organize the session.C.He will meet Sally right away.D.He will give Sally a call.（分数：0.83）A.B.C.D. √【解析】男士说：你知道吗，莎莉应该在一个小时前在这里和我们碰头，也许我们应该给她打个电话。

女士说：毕竟是她组织的学习班。

你说得对，我这就给她打电话。

give sb. a ring的意思是"打电话给某人"。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, １those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up :The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must wait ten months.1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D] divided19. [A] breaks [B] warms [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] in thatSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting ex treme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep ---and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states: “we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main to ol of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards ofa particular industry.21. According to the first Paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] New runways would be constructed.[B] Physical beauty would be redefined.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] New standards are being set in Denmark.[B] The French measures have already failed.[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for __________[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] setting a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] A C hallenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green bel ts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas in this way. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative---the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside __________[A] didn’t start t ill the Shakespearean age[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS[C] is fully backed by the royal family[D] is not well reflected in politics27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being_____[A] gradually destroyed[B] effectively reinforced[C] largely overshadowed[D] properly protected28. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference ________[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph, the author show his appreciation of________[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the political life in today’s Britain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-country planning in BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist. “That is, to use its resources and engage in ac tivities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) polic ies as a waste of shareholders’money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies ---at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a com pany’s products as an indirect way to d onate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”, whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its me rits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Frie dman’s statement about CSR with_______[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by_______[A] winning trust from consumers[B] guarding it against malpractices[C] protecting it from being defamed[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient” (line 2, Para.4) is closest in meaning to_______[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record_______.[A] has an impact on their decision[B] comes across as reliable evidence[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper – printing presses, delivery trucks –isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation may be lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figur ing out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, yo u could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year – more than twice as much as a digital–only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s b etter to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to_____.[A] the high cost of operation[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the increasing online ad sales37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should_____.[A] seek new sources of leadership[B] end the print sedition for good[C] aim for efficient management[D] make strategic adjustments38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”______.[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world______.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your print Newspapers a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understand the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range ofoptions is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakersor dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s t he best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41_________________________As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular ly helpful duringtransitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42________________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43 ________________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _______________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professio nal photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45 ________________________The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) W e don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us.When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of i nnate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: C-D-C-B-C6 - 10: A-B-C-D-A11-15: D-D-B-A-C16-20: A-B-D-C-BSection II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21 – 25 : B-D-A-C-A26 – 30: D-A-D-B-D31 – 35: B-A-C-A-B36 – 40: A-D-B-C-CPart B (10 points)41 – 45 : C-G-D-E-FPart C (10 points)46. 我们不用去学习如何保持心理健康，因为它是与生俱来的，就好像我们的身体知道如何让伤口自愈，如何修复伤骨。

全国2016年10月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试题和答案课程代码：00015第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案涂黑。

Being "Cool" in Middle SchoolA new study shows that gentle and quiet kids in middle school will grow up to rule. Or, at least, they'll live healthier and more productive lives than the "cool" kids will. The study looked at 13-year-olds who acted old for their age by having "cool" behavior, such as early romantic relationships. They were seen as "cool" and popular kids. But as they grew up, things changed. The study found that these kids tended to have problems with drugs and relationships by their early 20s.Their behavior was no longer linked with popularity. Instead, they were thought to be less socially skilled by their peers. Besides, the average "cool" kids, by age 22, did more poorly than the average kids in the study. They had a 45 percent greater rate of problems due to drugs and alcohol. They also had a 22 percent greater rate of criminal behavior. The study also found that these kids failed to develop important life skills. They spent so much time trying to seem cool. They didn't develop the skills needed for meaningful friendships.The study followed 86 male and 98 female middle school students for a 10-year period. It has some surprising findings. In particular, the study notes that the so-called "cool" behavior is a predictor（预示）of future problems with drugs and alcohol. In fact, it is a better predictor than drug and alcohol use in middle school. However, one conclusion of the study is welcome. Researchers said that parents shouldn't worry too much if their kids don't seem that popular. If a kid prefers to spend Saturday nights at home watching a movie or reading instead of going out with friends, that is not a cause for concern. Many "uncool" kids, they said, do much better later on than the popular kids do.1．Gentle kids are less healthy when they grow up.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given2．"Cool" kids try to imitate adult behavior.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given3．Romantic relationships seem cool to some teenagers.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given4．"Uncool" kids are more likely to commit crimes.A．TrueC．Not Given5．"Cool" kids have better life skills than "uncool" kids.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given6．"Uncool" kids spend most of their time studying.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given7．The study followed the students for a decade.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given8．"Cool" kids marry earlier than "uncool" kids.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given9．Parents needn't worry if their kids are "uncool".A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given10．"Cool" kids remain popular all their lives.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第11～15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。

桂林电子科技大学2016年研究生统一入学考试试题科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试题上无效）。

I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 marks)Multiple Choice QuestionsDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best fits the blank or best paraphrases the underlined word or words to complete each statement. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. He knows that Iran -- which has not started a war in modern history -- poses no_______ military threat to the United States.A. conceivableB. imaginableC. considerableD. forceful2. Many Chinese are fascinated by the US and it remains a top _______ for China’s young people to study.A. opportunityB. destinationC. targetD. route3. Late in the morning, we stopped where some other boats_______ in the shadows of the cliffs and jumped in for a swim.A. were anchoredB. were placedC. were attachedD. were stopped4. The way they _______ on their instruments always had melody laced in with these great guitar parts.A. constructB. writeC. workD. compose5. The girl's aunt told the police station that her niece is constantly _______ by the incident and "won't sleep by herself."A. scaredB. worriedC. shockedD. haunted6. Citizens are _______ by their government to denounce criminals, though 98.5 per cent ofcriminal investigations are never solved.A. exhortedB. exhaustedC. exertedD. excused7. We have also not _______ the subtleties of mutant screens or details of phenotypes as thesetopics have been covered in detail by a large number of excellent reviews.A. put onB. written onC. doneD. dwelt on8. Still, Canada has moved over the years _______ savings from taxation – in order to encourageinvestment – while taxing consumption.A. to spendB. to spareC. to expendD. to extend9. Due to the fact that universities can not enroll all the candidates, _______ to university iscompetitive.A．admission B．affidavit C．admiration D．allegiance10. The villagers were _______ by the news of the criminal's release from the prison.A．indignant B．puzzled C．overjoyed D．elusive11. Each individual expresses his opinion in the group by where he stands when a lot of people _______ together in a chat.A．squeeze B．stick C．pad D．cluster12. But later my hair began to fall _______, and my belly turned to water.A．off B. out C. through D. away13. At last this intermezzo _______, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall.A. came to an endB. came to the endC. came to endD. came to ending14. Since he had never been in such a situation before, his apprehension was understandable.In this sentence “apprehension” means _______.A. eagernessB. fearC. hesitationD. excitement15. He tarried to tell his hostess how much he had enjoyed the party. In this sentence “tarried”means _______.A. neglectedB. attemptedC. lingeredD. struggled16. During the owners’ absence, the lawn became dreadfully _______.A. sloppyB. slipshodC. slovenlyD. unkempt17. She is looking for a more _______ place to live in.A. congenialB. congressionalC. congaingD. cognizant18. The patient read about car racing and experienced _______ thrills.A. repulsiveB. elusiveC. vicariousD. covetous19. Can you vouch for Fred’s integrity?A. withdrawB. denyC. believeD. attest to20. The newspaper tabulation will show how each precinct voted.A. chartB. tabooC. tactD. ratio21. The landlord threw them out because they hadn’t paid their rent for six months.A. evictedB. dischargedC. demolishedD. dismissed22. His apparel showed him to be a successful man.A. clothingB. confidenceC. answerD. manner23. Your mood seems very meditative this evening.A. gleefulB. thoughtfulC. desperateD. stern24. John was forced to make an extemporaneous speech.A. sharpB. foolishC. offhandD. critical25.He survey presents a useful classification of statistical data.A. breakupB. breakthroughC. breakdownD. breakaway26. You may be athletic, but a monkey is more agile.A. cleverB. nimbleC. stupidD. quick27. The picture is tilted; please straighten it.A. highB. levelC. crookedD. adjustable28. If it goes on to _______ its responsibilities, then the British government must act immediatelyin its place.A. disciplineB. abdicateC. bashD. challenge29. They tell the people in their community not to store apples in the refrigerator because freshfruit like apples is _______.A. perishableB. vanishingC. exquisiteD. fickle30. When she called me a thief, I decided to sue her for _______.A. ridiculeB. scandalC. slanderD. encumberII. Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Multiple Choice QuestionsDirections: In this section, there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage AThe purpose of the home was to rehabilitate patients as far as possible, so that they could face the harsh realities of life outside hospital. Most of them not only suffered from some form of nervous disease but had other handicaps as well. (There were those who were deaf, those who were partially blind, and those who were partially paralyzed.) For most of them, the hospital had been their refuge for some time and the idea of being rehabilitated was somewhat frightening. They doubted their own capabilities, and were nervous of the effort which would be required from them.The home contains within a research unit which is mainly concerned with overcoming the technical problems which arise from the patient’s physical disabilities. Full rehabilitation involves a need for a patient to be as independent as possible physically. It is in the research center that all types of electronic equipment are pioneered, much of it exceedingly delicate and complex. One of the things I found astonishing as I watched what was going on in the workshop was the ease with which the patients became accustomed to the equipment. This of course has the dual effect of making them physically independent and giving then the psychological satisfaction of having mastered a difficult problem. And this extra confidence is, of course, a further step towards rehabilitation.While I was there, I was fortunate enough to be able to talk to a couple of patients (or rather ex-patients) who had been fully rehabilitated and who had come back for the weekend to visit their friends. One, a former physical education teacher who suffered from paralysis from the waist down, was now teaching general studies in a primary school. After his accident, he told me, he had had a complete nervous breakdown and had indeed tried to commit suicide several times. “But when I got here, I realized that there were still some things I could do, and that there were people worse off than me who were out in the world doing them,” he said.” Yes, I expect I shall get depressions again. You can’t completely cure that kind of thing. But they’ll pull me out of it, at least I know that now.” I asked him if he felt that everyone in the home could be rehabilitated. “Well, of course, one can’t really. There are some people in here with really terrible problems. But I should say that about 70% of them will be fully rehabilitated by this time next year.” And that is a fantastic claim, from my observation of what is going on, may well be substantiated.Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)1. The “home” in this passage refers to _______.A. the hospitalB. the place away from realityC. the research centerD. the refuge camp2. The word “rehabilitate” (Line 1, Para. 1) probably means _______.A. overcome physical disabilitiesB. train to get used to a new situationC. restore to relatively normal lifeD. cure nervous diseases3. The research unit aims to help people to _______.A. gain confidence about their abilitiesB. become physically independentC. solve difficult problemsD. make complex electronic equipment4. Which of the following is true about the teacher mentioned in this passage?A. He was aware that he was more fortunate than others.B. He was cured of his paralysis.C. He thought highly of the rehabilitation place.D. He had a traffic accident and almost committed suicide.5. The author thinks that the teacher’s claim of the percentage of full rehabilitation is _______.A. pessimisticB. groundlessC. underestimatedD. optimisticPassage BIf you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that's God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don't succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)6. To make your humor work, you should _______.A. take advantage of different kinds of audienceB. make fun of the disorganized peopleC. address different problems to different peopleD. show sympathy for your listeners7. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are _______.A. impolite to new arrivalsB. very conscious of their godlike roleC. entitled to some privilegesD. very busy even during lunch hours8. It can be inferred from the text that public services _______.A. have benefited many people.B. are the focus of public attention.C. are an inappropriate subject for humor.D. have often been the laughing stock.9. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered _______.A. in well-worded languageB. as awkwardly as possibleC. in exaggerated statementsD. as casually as possible10. The best title for the text may be _______.A. Use Humor EffectivelyB. Various Kinds of HumorC. Add Humor to SpeechD. Different Humor StrategiesPassage CThe fox really exasperated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, in the early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard; and then again as soon as evening began to mellow, they must go once more. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep grass; he was difficult as a serpent to see. And he seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately. Once or twice March had caught sight of the white tip of his brush, or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass, and she had let fire at him. But he made no account of this. The trees on the wood edge were a darkish, brownish green in the full light—for it was the end of August. Beyond, the naked, copper like shafts and limbs of the pine trees shone in the air. Nearer the rough grass, with its long, brownish stalks all agleam, was full of light. The fowls were round about—the ducks were still swimming on the pond under the pine trees. March looked at it all, saw it all, and did not see it. She heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distance—and she did not hear. What was she thinking about? Heaven knows. Her consciousness was, as it were, held back. She lowered her eyes, and suddenly saw the fox. He was looking up at her. His chin was pressed down, and his eyes were looking up. They met her eyes. And he knew her. She was spellbound—she knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He knew her, he has not daunted. She struggled; confusedly she came to herself, and saw him making off, with slow leaps over some fallen boughs, slow, impudent jumps. Then he glanced over his shoulder, and ran smoothly away. She saw his brush held smooth like a feather; she saw his white buttocks twinkle. And he was gone, softly, soft as the wind.She put her gun to her shoulder, but even then pursed her mouth, knowing it was nonsense to pretend to fire. So she began to walk slowly after him, in the direction he had gone, slowly and pertinaciously. She expected to find him. In her heart she was determined to find him. What she would do when she saw him again she did not consider. But she was determined to find him. So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of the wood, with wide, vivid dark eyes, and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did not think. In strange mindlessness she walked hither and thither... As soon as supper was over, she rose again to go out, without saying why. She took her gun again and went to look for the fox. For he had lifted his eyes upon her, his knowing look seemed to have entered her brain. She did not so much think of him: she was possessed by him. She saw his dark, shrewd, unabashed eye looking into her, knowing her. She felt him invisibly master her spirit. Sheknew the way he lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and the grayish white. And again she saw him glance over his shoulder at her, half inviting, half contemptuous and cunning. So she went, with her great startled eyes glowing, her gun under her arm, along the wood edge. Meanwhile the night fell, and a great moon rose above the pine trees…Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)11. At the beginning of the story, the fox seems to the all EXCEPT _______.A. cunningB. fierceC. defiantD. annoying12. As the story proceeds, March begins to feel under the spell of _______.A. the lightB. the treesC. the nightD. the fox13. Gradually March seems to be in a state of _______.A. blanknessB. imaginationC. sadnessD. excitement14. At the end of the story, there seems to be a sense of ____ between March and the fox.A. detachmentB. angerC. intimacyD. conflict15. The passage creates an overall impression of _______.A. mysteryB. horrorC. livelinessD. contemptPassage DIn every known human society the male's needs for achievement can be recognized. In a great number of human societies men's sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defenses which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women's pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men's status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behavior: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people's sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)16. The phrase “men's sureness of their sex role” in the first paragraph suggests that they _______.A. are confident in their ability to charm womenB. take the initiative in courtshipC. have a clear idea of what is considered “manly”D. tend to be more immoral than women are17. The third paragraph does NOT claim that men _______.A. prevent women from taking up certain professionsB. secretly admire women's intellect and resolutionC. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in businessD. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies18. The third paragraph _______.A. generally agrees with the first paragraphB. has no connection with the first paragraphC. repeats the argument of the second paragraphD. contradicts the last paragraph19. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to _______.A. show that men are stronger than womenB. carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphsC. support the first sentence of the same paragraphD. disown the ideas he is expressing20. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph _______.A. is based on the study of archaeologyB. illustrates how people expect men to behaveC. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD. proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooerIII. Writing (30 marks)Directions: In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility.What are your opinions on this?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write an essay of about 400 words on the above topic entitled:________________________________________on the answer sheet.。

2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2. [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4. [A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6. [A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7. [A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed18. [A]withdrawn [B]invested [C]donated [D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20. [A]so that [B]while [C]once [D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industrythat it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models’ character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry.[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now be[A] gradually destroyed.[B] effectively reinforced.[C] largely overshadowed.[D] properly protected.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29.The author holds that George Osborne’s preference[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of\[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’s Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit”. But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First,consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.33. The expression “more lenient” (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future，”the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financialconstraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times should’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,”he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A] the high cost of operation.[B] the pressure from its investors.[C] the complaints from its readers.[D] the increasing online ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print edition for good.[C] aim for efficient management.[D] make strategic adjustments.38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times.[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.[C] will have the cost of printing reduced.[D] expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated.[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understood the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and like ability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions-- when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone movingfrom finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue . Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47)Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a from of innate or unlearned optimism. (48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness of they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matterour surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section Ш WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university.Write a notice of about 100 words,providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)52. Directions:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)答案：I cloze1. As well as2. Decide on3. Arrange4. Above all5. After6. Into7. But8. Recite9. Tying10. Lighting11. Union12. Live13. Until15. Persuaded16. Whatever17. Brought18. Divided19. Shows20. WhileII Reading comprehensionPart AText121. Physical beauty would be redefined.22. Doing harm to.23. New standards are being set in Denmark.24. Showing little concern for health factors.25. A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals. Text 226.is not well reflected in politics27. gradually destroyed28. The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. highlight his firm stand against lobby pressure30. the town-and-country planning in BritainText 331. uncertainty33. less severe34. has an impact on their decision35. the necessaryText 436. the high cost of operation37. make strategic adjustments38. is meant for the most loyal customers39. Aggressiveness better meets challenges40. Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your HandPart B41. Decide if the time is right42. Know your goals43. Understand the context44. Work with professionals45. Make it efficientPart C46. 我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理;它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。