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常用骨科医学专业英语词汇骨科 ORTHOPEDICS1、概论 INTRODUCTION*fracture n.骨折pathological fracture 病理骨折fatigue fracture 疲劳骨折*open fracture 开放骨折close fracture 闭合骨折*comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折compressed fracture 压缩骨折shock n.休克*deformity n.畸形tenderness n.压痛swelling n.肿胀ecchymosis n.瘀斑obstacle n.功能障碍*bonefascial compartment syndrome 骨筋膜室综合征infection n.感染spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤surrounding nerve 周围神经*fat embolism 脂肪栓塞bedsore n.褥疮arthroclisis n.关节僵硬ischemic necrosis 缺血性坏死ischemic contraction 缺血性挛缩*traumatic arthritis 创伤性关节炎hematoma n.血肿*callus n.骨痂heal n.愈合*synovitis n.滑膜炎*ligament n.韧带*tendon n.肌腱* pyogenic osteomyelitis 化脓性骨髓炎*reduction n.复位*bone traction 骨牵引*osteoporosis n.骨质疏松2、上肢骨折FRACTURE OF UPPER EXTREMITIES clavicle n.锁骨*humerus n.肱骨*rotation n.旋转supracondyle n.髁上blister n.水疱pulsate n.搏动thrombus n.血栓*cancellous n.松质骨*epiphysis n.骨骺*injury n.损伤*joint n.关节stability n.稳定ulna n.尺骨radius n.桡骨metacarpal bone 掌骨bone graft 植骨hemostasis 止血*periosteum n.骨膜tension n.张力adhesion n.粘连*skin grafting 植皮*arthrodesis n.关节融合extrusion n.挤压gangrene n.坏疽pallor n.苍白、灰白*amputation n.截肢plaster n.石膏paralysis n.瘫痪bandage n.绷带2、手外伤 HAND TRAUMAavulsion n.撕脱*dislocation n.脱位stiff adj.僵硬3、下肢骨折与关节损伤 FRACTURE OF LOWER EXTREMITIES AND ARTICULAR INJURYfemur n.股骨adduction n.内收separate v.分离cartilage n.软骨*synovialis n.滑膜*spinal column 脊柱5、脊柱及骨盆骨折 FRACTURE OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND PELVIS column n.椎体cervical column 颈椎*lumber vertebra 腰椎sacrum n.骶椎sense n.感觉movement n.运动reflect v.反射*pelvis n.骨盆6、关节脱位 ARTICULAR DISLOCATIONcongenital dislocation 先天性脱位pathological dislocation 病理性脱位*osteoarthritis n.骨关节炎*total hip replacement 全髋置换术7、运动系统慢性损伤 CHRONIC STRAIN OF MOVEMENT SYSTEM strain n.劳损*cystis n.滑囊*stenosed tenosynovitis 狭窄性腱鞘炎*ganglion n.腱鞘囊肿degenerative adj.退行性变multiply v.增生abnormal sense 感觉异常8、腰腿痛和颈肩痛LUMBAGO AND SHOULDER PAINSstenosed column 椎管狭窄9、骨与关节化脓感染OSTEOARTICULAR PURULENT LNFECTION channel n.窦道drill hole 钻孔*drainage n.引流10、骨与关节结核 OSTEOARTICULAR TUBERCULOSISbone tuberculosis 骨结核spinal cord compression 脊髓压迫11、骨肿瘤BONE TUMORbone tumor 骨肿瘤*osteochondroma n.骨软骨瘤*osteosarcoma n.骨肉瘤chemotherapy n.化疗*synoviosarcoma n.滑膜肉瘤医学英语分科常用词汇人体解剖学 HUMAN ANATOMY之运动系统 LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM 1、中轴骨 AXIAL BONES*bone n.骨*vertebrae n.椎骨*cervical vertebrae 颈椎*thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎*sacrum n.骶骨coccyx 尾骨atlas n.寰椎axis n.枢椎*sternum n.胸骨sternal angle 胸骨角sternal manubrium 胸骨柄xiphoid process 剑突*rib n.肋*thoracic cage 胸廓2、颅SKULL*skull n.颅*frontal bone 额骨*parietal bone 顶骨*occipital bone 枕骨*temporal bone 颞骨*sphenoid bone 蝶骨*ethmoid bone 筛骨*mandible n.下颌骨hyoid bone 舌骨vomer n.犁骨*maxilla n.上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨nasal bone 鼻骨lacrimal bone 泪骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲zygomatic bone 颧骨*coronal suture冠状缝*sagital suture 矢状缝*lambdoid suture 人字缝orbit n.眶cranial fontanelle 颅囟2、附肢骨TARSAL BONES AND EXTREMITAL BONES *clavicle n.锁骨*scapula n.肩胛骨*humerus n.肱骨*radius n.桡骨*ulna n.尺骨carpal bone 腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨phalanges n.指骨，趾骨*hip bone 髋骨*ilium n.髂骨*ischium n.坐骨*pubis n.耻骨*femur n.股骨patella n.髌骨*tibia n.胫骨*fibula n.腓骨tarsal bone 跗骨metatarsal bone 跖骨4、关节学 ARTHROLOGY*articulation n.关节*ligament n.韧带*flexion n.屈*extension n.伸*adduction n.收*medial rotation 旋内*lateral rotation 旋外pronation n旋前.supination n.旋后circumduction n.环转*vertebral column脊柱*thoracic cage 胸廓*intervertebral disc 椎间盘*temporal-mandibular joint 颞下颌关节*shoulder joint 肩关节*elbow joint 肘关节*radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节*pelvis n.骨盆*hip joint 髋关节*knee joint 膝关节*ankle joint 踝关节5、肌肉系统 MUSCULATURE(1)肌学系统INTRODUCTION OF MUSCULATURE *muscle n.肌肉muscle belly 肌腹tendon n.肌腱aponeurosis n.腱膜*fascia n.筋膜*tendinous sheath 腱鞘（2）躯干肌TRUNK MUSCLEStrapezius n.斜方肌latissimus dorsi 背阔肌erector spinae 竖脊肌*sternocleidomastoid adj.胸锁乳突的*scalenus n.斜角肌pectoralis major 胸大肌intercostales n.肋间肌*diaphragm n.膈（肌）*inguinal canal 腹股沟管*sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘（3）头肌 HEAD MUSCLESorbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌masseter n.咬肌*temporalis n.颞肌*deltoid n.三角肌*biceps brachii 肱二头肌*triceps brachii 肱三头肌*axillary fossa 腋窝（4）附肢肌 MUSCLES ATTACHED TO EXTREMITTES *gluteus maximus 臀大肌piriformis n.梨状肌*sartorius n.缝匠肌*quadriceps femoris 股四头肌triceps surae 小腿三头肌*femoral triangle 股三角popliteal fossa 腘窝医学英语分科常用词汇诊断学——骨关节系统OSTEOARTICULAR SYSTEM*Codman’striangle 骨膜三角，科德曼三角H-shaped vertebra,butterfly vertebra 蝴蝶椎Rugger-Jersay vertebra 夹心椎体Scheuermann’s disease 绍尔曼病Schmorl’s nodule 施莫尔结节Shenton’s line 沈通氏线apophysis n. 骺状突*arthrography n.关节造影basilar impression,basilarinvagination 颅底凹陷block vertebra 融合椎bone island 骨岛bursography n.泪囊造影compacta n.骨密度cortical porosity 皮质骨疏松症craniolacunia,luckenschadel n.颅骨陷窝*empty sella 空蝶鞍endosteal proliferation 骨内膜增生*epiphysis n.骨骺Intratrabecular resorption 骨小梁内吸收ivory vertebra 象牙椎marrow-packing disease 骨髓充填疾病massive osteolysis 大片骨溶解melopheostosis n.蜡油骨症ossification n.骨化osteopathia striata 纹骨症*osteopenia n.骨质减少osteopetrosis n.石骨症osteopoikilosis n.斑骨症pars interarticularis 椎弓峡部periosteal reaction 骨膜反应physis n.骨生长端*pseudofracture, Looser zone n.假骨折spina ventosa 骨气鼓spongiosa 骨疏松woven bone 编织骨*zone of provisional calcification 临时钙化带。
常用骨科医学专业英语词汇骨科 ORTHOPEDICS1、概论 INTRODUCTION*fracture n.骨折pathological fracture 病理骨折fatigue fracture 疲劳骨折*open fracture 开放骨折close fracture 闭合骨折*comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折compressed fracture 压缩骨折shock n.休克*deformity n.畸形tenderness n.压痛swelling n.肿胀ecchymosis n.瘀斑obstacle n.功能障碍*bonefascial compartment syndrome 骨筋膜室综合征infection n.感染spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤surrounding nerve 周围神经*fat embolism 脂肪栓塞bedsore n.褥疮arthroclisis n.关节僵硬ischemic necrosis 缺血性坏死ischemic contraction 缺血性挛缩*traumatic arthritis 创伤性关节炎hematoma n.血肿*callus n.骨痂heal n.愈合*synovitis n.滑膜炎*ligament n.韧带*tendon n.肌腱* pyogenic osteomyelitis 化脓性骨髓炎*reduction n.复位*bone traction 骨牵引*osteoporosis n.骨质疏松2、上肢骨折FRACTURE OF UPPER EXTREMITIES clavicle n.锁骨*humerus n.肱骨*rotation n.旋转supracondyle n.髁上blister n.水疱pulsate n.搏动thrombus n.血栓*cancellous n.松质骨*epiphysis n.骨骺*injury n.损伤*joint n.关节stability n.稳定ulna n.尺骨radius n.桡骨metacarpal bone 掌骨bone graft 植骨hemostasis 止血*periosteum n.骨膜tension n.张力adhesion n.粘连*skin grafting 植皮*arthrodesis n.关节融合extrusion n.挤压gangrene n.坏疽pallor n.苍白、灰白*amputation n.截肢plaster n.石膏paralysis n.瘫痪bandage n.绷带2、手外伤 HAND TRAUMAavulsion n.撕脱*dislocation n.脱位stiff adj.僵硬3、下肢骨折与关节损伤 FRACTURE OF LOWER EXTREMITIES AND ARTICULAR INJURYfemur n.股骨adduction n.内收separate v.分离cartilage n.软骨*synovialis n.滑膜*spinal column 脊柱5、脊柱及骨盆骨折 FRACTURE OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND PELVIS column n.椎体cervical column 颈椎*lumber vertebra 腰椎sacrum n.骶椎sense n.感觉movement n.运动reflect v.反射*pelvis n.骨盆6、关节脱位 ARTICULAR DISLOCATIONcongenital dislocation 先天性脱位pathological dislocation 病理性脱位*osteoarthritis n.骨关节炎*total hip replacement 全髋置换术7、运动系统慢性损伤 CHRONIC STRAIN OF MOVEMENT SYSTEM strain n.劳损*cystis n.滑囊*stenosed tenosynovitis 狭窄性腱鞘炎*ganglion n.腱鞘囊肿degenerative adj.退行性变multiply v.增生abnormal sense 感觉异常8、腰腿痛和颈肩痛LUMBAGO AND SHOULDER PAINSstenosed column 椎管狭窄9、骨与关节化脓感染OSTEOARTICULAR PURULENT LNFECTION channel n.窦道drill hole 钻孔*drainage n.引流10、骨与关节结核 OSTEOARTICULAR TUBERCULOSISbone tuberculosis 骨结核spinal cord compression 脊髓压迫11、骨肿瘤BONE TUMORbone tumor 骨肿瘤*osteochondroma n.骨软骨瘤*osteosarcoma n.骨肉瘤chemotherapy n.化疗*synoviosarcoma n.滑膜肉瘤医学英语分科常用词汇人体解剖学 HUMAN ANATOMY之运动系统 LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM 1、中轴骨 AXIAL BONES*bone n.骨*vertebrae n.椎骨*cervical vertebrae 颈椎*thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎*sacrum n.骶骨coccyx 尾骨atlas n.寰椎axis n.枢椎*sternum n.胸骨sternal angle 胸骨角sternal manubrium 胸骨柄xiphoid process 剑突*rib n.肋*thoracic cage 胸廓2、颅SKULL*skull n.颅*frontal bone 额骨*parietal bone 顶骨*occipital bone 枕骨*temporal bone 颞骨*sphenoid bone 蝶骨*ethmoid bone 筛骨*mandible n.下颌骨hyoid bone 舌骨vomer n.犁骨*maxilla n.上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨nasal bone 鼻骨lacrimal bone 泪骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲zygomatic bone 颧骨*coronal suture冠状缝*sagital suture 矢状缝*lambdoid suture 人字缝orbit n.眶cranial fontanelle 颅囟2、附肢骨TARSAL BONES AND EXTREMITAL BONES *clavicle n.锁骨*scapula n.肩胛骨*humerus n.肱骨*radius n.桡骨*ulna n.尺骨carpal bone 腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨phalanges n.指骨，趾骨*hip bone 髋骨*ilium n.髂骨*ischium n.坐骨*pubis n.耻骨*femur n.股骨patella n.髌骨*tibia n.胫骨*fibula n.腓骨tarsal bone 跗骨metatarsal bone 跖骨4、关节学 ARTHROLOGY*articulation n.关节*ligament n.韧带*flexion n.屈*extension n.伸*adduction n.收*medial rotation 旋内*lateral rotation 旋外pronation n旋前.supination n.旋后circumduction n.环转*vertebral column脊柱*thoracic cage 胸廓*intervertebral disc 椎间盘*temporal-mandibular joint 颞下颌关节*shoulder joint 肩关节*elbow joint 肘关节*radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节*pelvis n.骨盆*hip joint 髋关节*knee joint 膝关节*ankle joint 踝关节5、肌肉系统 MUSCULATURE(1)肌学系统INTRODUCTION OF MUSCULATURE *muscle n.肌肉muscle belly 肌腹tendon n.肌腱aponeurosis n.腱膜*fascia n.筋膜*tendinous sheath 腱鞘（2）躯干肌TRUNK MUSCLEStrapezius n.斜方肌latissimus dorsi 背阔肌erector spinae 竖脊肌*sternocleidomastoid adj.胸锁乳突的*scalenus n.斜角肌pectoralis major 胸大肌intercostales n.肋间肌*diaphragm n.膈（肌）*inguinal canal 腹股沟管*sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘（3）头肌 HEAD MUSCLESorbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌masseter n.咬肌*temporalis n.颞肌*deltoid n.三角肌*biceps brachii 肱二头肌*triceps brachii 肱三头肌*axillary fossa 腋窝（4）附肢肌 MUSCLES ATTACHED TO EXTREMITTES *gluteus maximus 臀大肌piriformis n.梨状肌*sartorius n.缝匠肌*quadriceps femoris 股四头肌triceps surae 小腿三头肌*femoral triangle 股三角popliteal fossa 腘窝医学英语分科常用词汇诊断学——骨关节系统OSTEOARTICULAR SYSTEM*Codman’striangle 骨膜三角，科德曼三角H-shaped vertebra,butterfly vertebra 蝴蝶椎Rugger-Jersay vertebra 夹心椎体Scheuermann’s disease 绍尔曼病Schmorl’s nodule 施莫尔结节Shenton’s line 沈通氏线apophysis n. 骺状突*arthrography n.关节造影basilar impression,basilarinvagination 颅底凹陷block vertebra 融合椎bone island 骨岛bursography n.泪囊造影compacta n.骨密度cortical porosity 皮质骨疏松症craniolacunia,luckenschadel n.颅骨陷窝*empty sella 空蝶鞍endosteal proliferation 骨内膜增生*epiphysis n.骨骺Intratrabecular resorption 骨小梁内吸收ivory vertebra 象牙椎marrow-packing disease 骨髓充填疾病massive osteolysis 大片骨溶解melopheostosis n.蜡油骨症ossification n.骨化osteopathia striata 纹骨症*osteopenia n.骨质减少osteopetrosis n.石骨症osteopoikilosis n.斑骨症pars interarticularis 椎弓峡部periosteal reaction 骨膜反应physis n.骨生长端*pseudofracture, Looser zone n.假骨折spina ventosa 骨气鼓spongiosa 骨疏松woven bone 编织骨*zone of provisional calcification 临时钙化带。
常用骨科医学专业英语词汇骨科ORTHOPEDICS1、概论INTRODUCTION*open fracture 开放骨折*fracture n.骨折pathological fracture 病理骨折fatigue fracture 疲劳骨折*open fracture 开放骨折close fracture 闭合骨折*comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compressed fracture 压缩骨折shock 口.休克*deformity 口.畸形tenderness 口.压痛swelling n.肿胀ecchymosis 口.瘀斑obstacle n.功能障碍*bonefascial compartment syndrome 骨筋膜室综合征infection 口.感染spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤surrounding nerve 周围神经*fat embolism脂肪栓塞bedsore n.褥疮arthroclisis n.关节僵硬ischemic necrosis 缺血性坏死ischemic contraction 缺血性挛缩*traumatic arthritis 创伤性关节炎hematoma n.血肿*callus n.骨痂heal n.愈合*synovitis n.滑膜炎*ligament n.韧带*tendon n.肌腱* pyogenic osteomyelitis 化脓性骨髓炎*reduction n.复位*bone traction 骨牵引*osteoporosis n.骨质疏松2、上肢骨折FRACTURE OF UPPER EXTREMITIES clavicle n.锁骨*humerus 口.肱骨*rotation n.旋转supracondyle n.髁上blister n.水疱pulsate n.搏动thrombus 口.血栓*cancellous n.松质骨*epiphysis n.骨骺*injury n.损伤*joint n.关节stability 口.稳定ulna n.尺骨radius n.桡骨metacarpal bone 掌骨bone graft 植骨hemostasis 止血*periosteum 口.骨膜tension 口.张力adhesion n.粘连*skin grafting 植皮*arthrodesis n.关节融合extrusion n.挤压fatigue fracture 疲劳骨折*open fracture 开放骨折gangrene 口.坏疽pallor n.苍白、灰白*amputation 口.截肢plaster n.石膏paralysis n.瘫痪bandage n.绷带2、手外伤HAND TRAUMAavulsion 口.撕脱"dislocation 口.脱位stiff adj.僵硬3、下肢骨折与关节损伤FRACTURE OF LOWER EXTREMITIES AND ARTICULAR INJURY femur 口.股骨adduction n.内收separate v.分离cartilage n.软骨*synovialis 口.滑膜*spinal column 脊柱5、脊柱及骨盆骨折FRACTURE OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND PELVIS column 口.椎体cervical column 颈椎"lumber vertebra 腰椎sacrum 口.骶椎sense n.感觉movement n.运动reflect v.反射*pelvis n.骨盆6、关节脱位ARTICULAR DISLOCATIONcongenital dislocation 先天性脱位pathological dislocation 病理性脱位*osteoarthritis n.骨关节炎*total hip replacement 全髋置换术7、运动系统慢性损伤CHRONIC STRAIN OF MOVEMENT SYSTEM strain n.劳损*cystis n.滑囊*stenosed tenosynovitis 狭窄性腱鞘炎*ganglion n.腱鞘囊肿degenerative adj.退行性变multiply v.增生abnormal sense 感觉异常8、腰腿痛和颈肩痛LUMBAGO AND SHOULDER PAINSstenosed column 椎管狭窄9、骨与关节化脓感染OSTEOARTICULAR PURULENT LNFECTION channel 口.窦道drill hole 钻孑L*drainage n.弓|流10、骨与关节结核OSTEOARTICULAR TUBERCULOSISbone tuberculosis 骨结核spinal cord compression 脊髓压迫11、骨肿瘤BONE TUMORbone tumor骨肿瘤*osteochondroma n.骨软骨瘤*osteosarcoma n.骨肉瘤chemotherapy n.化疗*synoviosarcoma n.滑膜肉瘤医学英语分科常用词汇人体解剖学HUMAN ANATOMY之运动系统LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM1、中轴骨AXIAL BONES*bone 口.骨*vertebrae 口.椎骨*cervical vertebrae 颈椎*thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎*sacrum 口.骶骨coccyx 尾骨atlas n.寰椎axis 口.枢椎*sternum 口.胸骨sternal angle 胸骨角sternal manubrium 胸骨柄xiphoid process 剑突*rib n.肋*thoracic cage 胸廓2、颅SKULL*skull n.颅*frontal bone 额骨*parietal bone 顶骨*occipital bone 枕骨"temporal bone 颞骨*sphenoid bone 蝶骨"ethmoid bone 筛骨"mandible n.下颌骨hyoid bone 舌骨vomer 口.犁骨*maxilla n.上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨nasal bone 鼻骨lacrimal bone 泪骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲zygomatic bone 颧骨"coronal suture 冠状缝*sagital suture 矢状缝"lambdoid suture 人字缝orbit n.眶cranial fontanelle 颅囟2、附肢骨TARSAL BONES AND EXTREMITAL BONES "clavicle n.锁骨"scapula n.肩胛骨"humerus 口.肱骨"radius 口.桡骨"ulna n.尺骨carpal bone 腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨phalanges n.指骨，趾骨"hip bone 髋骨"ilium 口.骼骨"ischium 口.坐骨"pubis n.耻骨"femur 口.股骨patella n.髌骨*tibia n.胫骨*fibula n.腓骨tarsal bone 跗骨metatarsal bone 跖骨4、关节学ARTHROLOGY"articulation n.关节*ligament n.韧带"flexion 口.屈"extension 口.伸"adduction 口.收"medial rotation 旋内"lateral rotation 旋外pronation n 旋前.supination 口.旋后circumduction n.环转"vertebral column 脊柱"thoracic cage 胸廓"intervertebral disc 椎间盘"temporal-mandibular joint 颞下颌关节"shoulder joint 肩关节"elbow joint 肘关节"radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节"pelvis n.骨盆"hip joint髋关节"knee joint 膝关节"ankle joint 踝关节5、肌肉系统MUSCULATURE（1）肌学系统INTRODUCTION OF MUSCULATURE "muscle n.肌肉muscle belly 肌腹tendon n.肌腱aponeurosis 口.腱膜"fascia n.筋膜"tendinous sheath 腱鞘（2）躯干肌TRUNK MUSCLEStrapezius n.斜方肌latissimus dorsi 背阔肌erector spinae 竖脊肌"sternocleidomastoid adj.胸锁乳突的"scalenus 口.斜角肌pectoralis major 胸大肌intercostales n.肋间肌"diaphragm n.膈（肌）*inguinal canal 腹股沟管*sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘(3)头肌HEAD MUSCLESorbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌masseter 口.咬肌*temporalis n.颞肌*deltoid n.三角肌*biceps brachii 肱二头肌*triceps brachii 肱三头肌*axillary fossa 腋窝(4)附肢肌MUSCLES ATTACHED TO EXTREMITIES *gluteus maximus 臀大肌piriformis n.梨状肌*sartorius n.缝匠肌*quadriceps femoris 股四头肌triceps surae小腿三头肌*femoral triangle 股三角popliteal fossa 月国窝医学英语分科常用词汇诊断学一一骨关节系统OSTEOARTICULAR SYSTEM*Codman, striangle骨膜三角，科德曼三角H-shaped vertebra,butterfly vertebra 蝴蝶椎Rugger-Jersay vertebra 夹心椎体Scheuermann' s disease 绍尔曼病Schmorl ’ s nodule施莫尔结节Shenton ’ s line 沈通氏线apophysis n.骺状突*arthrography n.关节造影basilar impression,basilarinvagination 颅底凹陷block vertebra 融合椎bone island 骨岛bursography n.泪囊造影compacta n.骨密度cortical porosity皮质骨疏松症craniolacunia,luckenschadel n.颅骨陷窝*empty sella 空蝶鞍endosteal proliferation 骨内膜增生*epiphysis n.骨骺Intratrabecular resorption 骨小梁内吸收ivory vertebra 象牙椎marrow-packing disease 骨髓充填疾病massive osteolysis 大片骨溶解melopheostosis n.蜡油骨症ossification 口.骨化osteopathia striata 纹骨症*osteopenia n.骨质减少osteopetrosis n.石骨症osteopoikilosis n.斑骨症pars interarticularis 椎弓峡部periosteal reaction 骨膜反应physis n.骨生长端*pseudofracture, Looser zone n.假骨折spina ventosa 骨气鼓spongiosa骨疏松woven bone编织骨*zone of provisional calcification 临时钙化带。
骨折概论Pri nciples of Fractures北京大学第三医院骨科周方定义：骨的连续性和完整性的中断Definition:A fractureis a breakstructuralcontinuityof boneI.病因EtiologyA.创伤性Traumatic:1.直接外力Direct force:骨折位于外力直接作用的部位The bone break at the point of impact间接外力Indirect force:骨折远离外力作用部位The bonebreaks ata distancefromwhere theforce isappliedB.疲劳或应力性：长期反复的轻微外力造成的骨折stress:repetitivestressC.病理性Pathological:轻微外力作用于病变的骨组织所造成的骨折Trivial force on weakened boneII.骨折类型Types of Fractures根据骨折开放与否: Depends on # exposure or not闭合骨折Closed #: 骨折部位的皮肤及粘膜完整skin and membrane intact开放骨折open /d #:骨折与外界直接相通skin orbodycavitybreached2.根据骨折的形态:Depends on morphology of #完全骨折:骨组织完全断裂成块以上complete #: complete break into two or more fragments横骨折Transverseb.斜骨折Obliquec.螺旋骨折Spirald.粉碎骨折Comminutede.嵌插骨折Impactedf.骨骺损伤Split of epiphysisg.节段性骨折l不完全骨折:骨组织不完全断裂且骨膜连续bone is incomplet e divided and the periosteo um remains in continuity a.线性骨Hairlineb.青枝骨折Greenstickc.压缩骨折Compression3.稳定与不稳定骨折Stable and unstableIII.骨折的移位nt of #most # usually become displaced by:因素:1.外力及其作用方向theforceand itsdirection2.地心引力the3.附着肌肉的拉力the pull of muscles attached to the bone4.搬运或治疗不当unprop er transport and treatment被描述为Displacementusually isdescribedin termsof：1.对位Apposition2.对线Alignment3.旋转Rotation4.重叠或短缩Altered length临床表现Clinical Features:1.病史:外伤史及肢体活动障碍Injury +inabilityto use theinjuredlimb其它病史Generalmedicalhistory一般体征General signs: a.休克及出血shock or haemorrh ageb.伴有颅脑、脊髓或脏器损伤associate d damage to brain, spinalviscerac.伴随疾病的体征a predispos ing cause 3.局部体征Local signs：一般体征common signs: 肿胀青紫压痛活动受限bruising,tenderness,restrictedrange ofmotion骨折专有体征#signs:畸形，异常活动，骨擦音/感deformity, abnormal movement, crepitus影像学检查X-rays: 常规检查，需从五个方面考虑mandator y, may taken in 5 aspects a.两张片子two views: a # may not be seen on apictureb.两个关节two joints : in the long bone #, joints below and above the # must be included c.两个肢体two limbs: in children’s #, normalmay confuse the diagnosesd.两种损伤two injuries: severe force may cause injury at more than one level f.两种情况two occasions:seensoon afterinjuryCT:关节内骨折及脊柱骨折MRI:脊柱骨折时神经损伤情况骨折的描述Description of #:1.开放或闭合open or closed？骨折部位which bone is broken and where?3.是否累及关节joint surface involved？4.骨折的形态shape of the #?V.骨折并发症Complicatio ns of #休克，弥漫性凝血障碍，呼吸功能障碍Shock,Diffusecoagulopathy,Respiratorydysfunction2.内脏损伤Visceral injury血管损伤Artery or Vascular injury4.脊髓损伤Spinal cord injury5.神经损伤Nerve injury6.脂肪栓塞Fat embolism7.挤压综合征Crush syndrome伤口感染Wound infection9.骨筋膜室综合征/缺血性肌挛缩Compartm entsyndrome/Volkm ann’s contracture肺炎Pneumonia11.褥疮Bed sore12.骨化性肌炎Myositis ossificans13.创伤性关节炎Haemoarthritis orTraumaticarthritis关节僵硬Joint stiffness15.缺血性坏死Avascular necrosis16.废用性骨质疏松Disuse osteoporosis17.深静脉血拴及肺栓塞D.V.T(deep venousthrombosis)andP.E(pulmoembolism)其它:延迟愈合、不愈合、畸形愈合，骨骺发育障碍等delayedunion,nonunion,malunion,growthdisturbance etc.VI.骨折愈合程of fracture healing骨折愈合过程取决于：Theprocessof # repairvariesaccordingto the：a.骨的类型type ofboneinvolvedb.骨折部the amount of movemen t at the # site.在长管状骨，缺乏坚强内固定的情况下，骨折愈合分为五个阶段: In a tubular bone, and in the absencefixation, healing proceedin g in 5 stages: 1.血肿形成期tissuedestruction andhaematomaformation2. 炎症反应及细期 2WInflammation andcellularproliferation3.原始骨痂形成期callus formation 4W4.骨痂坚固期Consolidation 数月骨痂改造塑型期Remodeling骨折临床愈合的指征:Indication for clinical # union:1.局部无压痛no tenderness2.无异常活动no abnormal movementX线所见：骨折线模糊，有连续骨小梁通过骨折端，骨折周围有明显骨痂包绕# line obliterate d and crossed bybone with well defined callus around it on XR4.上肢持重1kg超过1分钟，下肢不扶拐持续行走超过30步lift 1kg for 1 min. orous walking more than 30 steps without protecti on达到上述要求后，持续观察骨折端两周以上无变化no changes on # site for two more weeks observa tion影响骨折愈合的因素Factors on Fracture Union1.年龄Age2.局部血运Local Blood Supply3.感染Infection软组织损伤程度Degree of Soft Tissue Damage5.骨折断端间软组织嵌入I nterposition of SoftTissueBetweenTwoFragments健康状况General Condition7.治疗TreatmentVIII.骨折的治疗Treatment of #1.急救Emergency Treatment1).清除障碍Obtain access保持良好通气、换气Airway and ventilation3).止血Haemorrage4).抗休克Shock5).临时固定Splintage目的thepurpose:a.防止血管、神经及脏器的进一步损preventfurtherdamageto n. v.andvisceralb.减轻疼痛reduce painc.便于转运easy for transport6).包扎伤口wound dressing迅速转运transport2.闭合骨折的治疗Treatment ofclosed#:原则：复位，固定，功能锻炼reduce,hold,exercise复位Reducea.闭合复位closed reduction解剖复位—最理想的复位，关节内骨折及前臂骨折需达到此要求anatomicreduction-- theidealreduction,inintraarticular #,forearm #功能复位—必须达到以下要求：Functiona l reduction must reach：i.无旋转及分离移位No rotation and separationii.下肢短缩少于1cm/2cm（儿童），无侧方成角，可有轻度前后成角 in the lower limb shortenin g less then 1 cm/2 cm inadults/chi ldren, no lateral angulatioA.Pangulationiii.骨干骨折对位大于1/3，干骺端骨折对位大于3/4b.切开复位open reduction2).固定Hold reductiona.小夹板Wood splintage石膏Cast splintagec.功能性支具Functional braced.持续牵引：Continuoustraction儿童皮牵引4-5kg成人骨牵引，重重的1/7e.外固定架External fixationf.内固定Internalfixation：钢板，螺钉，髓内钉，椎弓根螺钉等适应征∶1.无法用手法复位者，2.不稳定骨。
