2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖南卷)

y2008高考湖南理科数学试题及全解全析一、选择题:本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1．复数31()i i -等于( )A.8B.－8C.8iD.－8i 【答案】D【解析】由33412()()88i i i i i i--==-⋅=-,易知D 正确. 2．“12x -<成立”是“(3)0x x -<成立”的( )A ．充分不必要条件 B.必要不充分条件C ．充分必要条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件【答案】B【解析】由12x -<得13x -<<，由(3)0x x -<得03x <<，所以易知选B.3.已知变量x 、y 满足条件1,0,290,x x y x y ≥⎧⎪-≤⎨⎪+-≤⎩则x y +的最大值是( )A.2B.5C.6D.8 【答案】C 【解析】如图得可行域为一个三角形，其三个顶点分别为(1,1),(1,4),(3,3),代入验证知在点 (3,3)时,x y +最大值是33 6.+=故选C. 4.设随机变量ξ服从正态分布(2,9)N ,若(1)(1)P c P c ξξ>+=<-,则c = ( )A.1B.2C.3D.4【答案】B【解析】2(2,3)N ⇒12(1)1(1)(),3c P c P c ξξ+->+=-≤+=Φ 12(1)(),3c P c ξ--<-=Φ31()()1,33c c --∴Φ+Φ= 311()()1,33c c --⇒-Φ+Φ=解得c =2, 所以选B.5.设有直线m 、n 和平面α、β,下列四个命题中，正确的是( )A.若m ∥α,n ∥α,则m ∥nB.若m ⊂α,n ⊂α,m ∥β,n ∥β,则α∥βC.若α⊥β，m ⊂α,则m ⊥βD.若α⊥β，m ⊥β，m ⊄α,则m ∥α【答案】D【解析】由立几知识,易知D 正确.6.函数2()sin cos f x x x x =+在区间,42ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上的最大值是( )A.1 C. 32【答案】C【解析】由1cos 21()2sin(2)2226x f x x x π-=+=+-, 52,42366x x πππππ≤≤⇒≤-≤max 13()1.22f x ∴=+=故选C. 7.设D 、E 、F 分别是△ABC 的三边BC 、CA 、AB 上的点，且2,DC BD =2,CE EA =2,AF FB =则AD BE CF ++与BC ( )A.反向平行B.同向平行C.互相垂直D.既不平行也不垂直【答案】A【解析】由定比分点的向量式得:212,1233AC AB AD AC AB +==++ 12,33BE BC BA =+12,33CF CA CB =+以上三式相加得 1,3AD BE CF BC ++=-所以选A. 8.若双曲线22221x y a b -=（a ＞0,b ＞0）上横坐标为32a 的点到右焦点的距离 大于它到左准线的距离，则双曲线离心率的取值范围是( )A.(1,2)B.(2,+∞)C.(1,5)D. (5,+∞)1【答案】B【解析】233,22aex a e a a ac-=⨯->+23520,e e⇒-->2e∴>或13e<-(舍去),(2,],e∴∈+∞故选B.9.长方体ABCD－A1B1C1D1的8个顶点在同一球面上，且AB=2,AD,AA1=1,则顶点A、B间的球面距离是()C.2D.4【答案】C【解析】112BD AC R===R∴=设11,BD AC O=则OA OB R===,2AOBπ⇒∠=,2l Rπθ∴==故选C.10.设［x］表示不超过x的最大整数（如［2］=2, ［54］=1）,对于给定的n∈N*, 定义[][](1)(1),(1)(1)xnn n n xCx x x x--+=--+x∈[)1,+∞,则当x∈3,32⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭时，函数8x C的值域是( )A.16,283⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦B.16,563⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭C.284,3⎛⎫⋃⎪⎝⎭[)28,56 D.16284,,2833⎛⎤⎛⎤⋃⎥⎥⎝⎦⎝⎦【答案】D【解析】当x∈3,22⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭时，328816,332C==当2x→时，[]1,x=所以8842xC==;当[)2,3时，288728,21C⨯==⨯当3x→时，[]2,x=88728,323xC⨯==⨯故函数xC8的值域是16284,,2833⎛⎤⎛⎤⋃⎥⎥⎝⎦⎝⎦.选D.二、填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分。

绝密★启用前2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）数 学(理工农医类)一、选择题:本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1．复数31()i i-等于A.8B.－8C.8iD.－8i (D)2．“|x －1|＜2成立”是“x （x －3）＜0成立”的A ．充分而不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C ．充分必要条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件（B ）3.已知变量x .y 满足条件1,0,290,x x y x y ≥⎧⎪-≤⎨⎪+-≤⎩则x+y 的最大值是A.2B.5C.6D.8(C)4.设随机变量ζ服从正态分布N (2,9) ,若P (ζ＞c+1)=P (ζ＜c －)1,则c =A.1B.2C.3D.4(B)5.设有直线m .n 和平面α.β。

下列四个命题中，正确的是A.若m ∥α,n ∥α,则m ∥nB.若m ⊂α,n ⊂α,m ∥β,n ∥β,则α∥βC.若α⊥β，m ⊂α,则m ⊥βD.若α⊥β，m ⊥β，m ⊄α,则m ∥α（D ）6.函数f (x )=sin 2xcos x x 在区间,42ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上的最大值是 A.1C.32(C)7.设 D.E.F 分别是△ABC 的三边BC.CA.AB 上的点，且2,DC BD = 2,CE EA =2,AF FB = 则AD BE CF ++与BCA.反向平行B.同向平行C.互相垂直D.既不平行也不垂直(A)8.若双曲线22221x y a b-=（a ＞0,b ＞0）上横坐标为32a 的点到右焦点的距离大于它到左准线的距离，则双曲线离心率的取值范围是A.(1,2)B.(2,+∞)C.(1,5)D. (5,+∞)(B)9.长方体ABCD －A 1B 1C 1D 1的8个顶点在同一球面上，且AB =2, AD AA 1=1, 则顶点A .B 间的球面距离是B.C.2D.4(C)10.设［x ］表示不超过x 的最大整数（如［2］=2, ［54］=1），对于给定的n ∈N *,定义[][]2(1)(1)(1)(1)n n n n x C x x x x --+=--+，x ∈[)1,+∞,则当x ∈3,32⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭时，函数2n C 的值域是A.16,283⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦B.16,563⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭C.284,3⎛⎫⋃ ⎪⎝⎭[)28,56D.16284,,2833⎛⎤⎛⎤⋃ ⎥⎥⎝⎦⎝⎦(D)二.填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分。

2008年高考湖南卷2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）英语本试卷分四个部分，共14页。

时量120分钟。

满分150分。

第一部分：听力（共三节，满分30分）做听力部分时，请现在试题卷上作答。

听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将第1至第17小题的答案转涂到答题卡上，将第18至第20小题的答案转写到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19. 15B. ￡9. 15C. ￡9. 18答案是B。

1. How much does the man need to pay?A. ＄6B. ＄16C. ＄202. Where are the speakers going?A. A shopB. A restaurantC. The railway station3. When will the magazine probably arrive?A. WednesdayB. ThursdayC. Friday4. Whom did the man buy the books for?A. His fatherB. His motherC. His sister5. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?. A. Teacher and student B. Mother and son C. Driver and passenger第二节（共12小题；每小题1.5分，满分18分）听下面4段对话。

每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。

绝密★启用前试卷类型：B 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试本试卷共12页，满分360分，考试时间150分钟。

注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘巾在答题卡上指定位置。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上，对应题目的答案标号涂写，如写改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。

3.非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字夂答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。

4.考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

选择题共21小题，第小题6分，共126分。

以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H l C 12 O 16 Na 23 K 39Mn 55 Cu 64 Zn 65 Ag 108 Pb 207一、选择题（本题共13小题，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

）1.为了验证胰岛素具有降低血糖含量的作用，在设计实验方案时，如果以正常小鼠每次注射药物前后小鼠症状的变化为观察指标，则下列对实验组小鼠注射药物的顺序。

正确的是A.先注射胰岛素溶液，后注射葡萄糖溶液B.先注射胰岛素溶液，再注射胰岛素溶液C.先注射胰岛素溶液，后注射生理盐水D.先注射生理盐水，后注射胰岛素溶液2.某水池有浮游动物和藻类两个种群，其种群密度随时间变化的趋势如图，若向水池中投放大量专食浮游动物的某种鱼（丙），一段时期后，该水池甲、乙、丙三个种群中公剩一个种群。

下列关于该水池中上述三个种群关系及变化的叙述，正确的是A.甲和丙既有竞争关系又有捕食关系，最终仅剩下甲种群B.甲和乙既有竞争关系又有捕食关系，最终仅剩下丙种群C.丙和乙既有竞争关系又有捕食关系，最终仅剩下甲种群D.丙和乙既有竞争关系又有捕食关系，最终仅剩下丙种群3.下列关于细菌的叙述，错误．．的是A.硝化细菌能以NH,作为氮源和能源物质B.某些细菌可以利用光能因定CO2合成有机物C.生长因子是某些细菌生长过程中需要额外补弃的营养物质D.含伊红和美蓝试剂的培养基不能用来签别牛奶中的大肠杆菌4.已知某种限制性内切酶在一线性DNA分子上有3个酶切位点，如图中箭头所指，如果该线性DNA分子在3个酶切位点上都被该酶切断，则会产生a、b、c、d四种不同长度的DNA片段。

2008年普通高校招生统一考试（湖南卷）第一节单项填空（共15小题，没小题1分，满分15分）21. Our neighbors gave _____ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ______ when it fell from its nest.A. us,itB. us,itselfC. ourselves, itselfD. ourselves, it22. Have you heard ______ news？The piece of _______ petrol is going up again!A. the, theB. 不填，theC. the, 不填D. 不填，不填23. I thought we’d be late for the concert, ______ we ended up getting there ahead of time.A. butB. orC. soD. for24. _______ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot aboutFirefighting.A.Having searchedB. To searchC. SearchingD.Search25. Last night Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. ______, he met some friends andStayed out until midnight.A.MeanwhileB. HoweverC. InsteadD. Yet26. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down27. — When did you last hear ______ Jay?— He phoned me this morning, and we agreed ______ a time and place to meet.A.of, toB. about, withC. from, withD. from, on28. You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _____ find the book by thetitle.A.mustB. needC. canD. would29. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.A. whatB. whyC. whomD. which30. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.A. CompletingB. CompleteC. CompletedD. To complete31. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond ourcontrol.A.most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that32. I called Ha nnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother _____ onthe phone all the time!A.was talkingB. has been talkingC. has talkedD. talked33. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.A. IfB. WhileC. BecauseD. As34. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _____ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.A.livingB. to liveC. to be livingD. having lived35. — Do you have any problems if you ______ this job?—Well, I’m thinking about the salary….A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offered第二节完型填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）“This Friday we’ll have the yearly Egg Drop Challenge,” said our science teacher, Mr. Baker.“ You can work alone with a part n er.”My friend, Cassie, and I smiled at each other. We always worked on projects 36.The 37 of the Challenge was simple— to build a protective container to keep an egg from breaking when 38 the stadium wall.I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Cassie. 39 the butter-cream gave me an idea.“I have a brilliant de sign for our 40 container!” I said when Cassie arrived. “We can 41 the egg with some buttercream.“Why not put the egg in a basket with a parachute(降落伞) 42 ?” Cassie rolled her ey e s.” The parachute is better than that stupic idea.”I couldn’t believe it. Of course we’d had our little 43 in the past, but she’d never called any of my ideas “44” before.“Then I’ll build mine and you build yours!”45 words had been out, our friendship was challenged.When Friday finally arrived, I had to 46 Cassie’s Egg Force O ne looked pretty good.47, my Egg-cell ent Egg Cream didn’t look quite scientific. We kids carried our containers up three stadium steps and dropped them over the side wall. Those whose eggs broke were out; those whose egg survived 48 three more steps and dropped them again. This would go on till the last egg broke.After four rounds, only Cassie and I were 49 . I let go of my box. I heard someone say “ew” after seconds. Had my egg broken? I raced down the 50. The sidewalk was dotted with egg shell(蛋壳) from those 51 drops. Finally I found my little Egg-cellent Egg Cream.“That looks like egg drop soup, Laura,” Cassie said. She was holding her Egg Force One. My 52 raced. Had she won? I looked at her basket. 53.“My egg bounced 54,” she explained, pointing to a broken shell.“A tie(平局),” Mr Baker said.Cassie looked at me, and her glare 55. I laughed. She smiled…36. A. patiently B. silently C. together D. alone37. A. function B. goal C. reason D. result38. A. rolled down B. pushed against C. thrown at D. dropped over39. A. Spreading B. Boiling C. Baking D. Holding40. A. butter B. sandwich C. cream D. egg41. A. project B. replace C. carry D. mix42. A. followed B. covered C. attached D. supported43. A. ideas B. fights C. worries D. challenges44. A. wrong B. stupid C. brilliant D. scientific45. A. Since B. While C. But D. And46. A. explain B. deny C. admit D. prove47. A. Therefore B. Anyway C. Otherwise D. Besides48. A. paced down B. turned around C. walked up D. went back49. A. left B. wanted C. chose D. discovered50. A. steps B. way C. wall D. sidewalk51. A. intended B. unexpected C. failed D. desired52. A. eyes B. hands C. feet D. heart53. A. Lost B. Dirty C. Broken D. Empty54. A. around B. out C. in D. down55. A. returned B. remained C. increased D. softened第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节选择题（共17小题，每小题2分，满分34分）AWestern New Bridge Library AnnouncementA. buy a ticketB. apply in advanceC. make a reservationD. contact the call-down service57. According to the passage, Enzo Monfre will ______.A. show the children around a zooB. tell stories to children over sevenC. be present at the science show in personD. lead the children to the Ellen DeGenerse Show58. The Help Desk in this library supplies service ______.A. only during the daytimeB. in case of emergencyC. till the end of the Spring BreakD. after 22:00 p.m. every day59. We can learn from the passage that children can ______.A. attend all the activities with their parentsB. borrow some relevant books for the activities.C. participate in the activities form 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.D. choose only one of the activities according to their interestBMost young architects—particularly those in big cities— can only dream about working in a building of their own. And making that dream come true often means finding a building no one else seems to want, which is exactly what happened to David Yocum and his partner, Brain Bell. Their building is a former automobile electrical-parts film in Atlanta. Form the outside, it looks too old, even something horrible, but open the door and you are in a wide, open courtyard, lined on three sides with rusting(生锈的)walls.In 2000, Yocum and Bell found this building in the city’s West End. Built in 1947, the structure had been abandoned years earlier and the roof of the main building had fallen down. But the price was right, so Yocum bought it. He spent eight months of his off-hours on demolition(排除), pulling rubbish out through the roof, because it was too dangerous to go inside the building. The demolit ion was hard work, but it gave him time to think about what he wanted to do, and “to treasure what was there—the walls, the rust, the light.” Yocum said. “Every season, more paint falls off the walls and more rust develops. It’s like an art installation(装置) in there—a slow-motion show.”Since the back building had been constructed without windows, an all-glass front was added to the building to give it a view of the courtyard, and skylights were installed in the roof. The back fo the building is a working area and a living room for Yocum and his wife. A sort of buffer(缓冲) zone between the front and the back contains a bathroom, a kitchen and a mechanical room, and the walls that separate these zones have openings that allow views through to the front of the studio and the courtyard beyond.Yocum and Bell, who have just completed an art gallery for the city, feel that the experience from the decoration of their building, focusing on the inside rather than the outside, has influenced their work. It has also given these architects a chance to show how they can make more out of less.60. According to the passage, it is _______ for most young architects in big cities to work in aBuilding of their own.A. easyB. unnecessaryC. unrealisticD. common61. Yocum bought the old building because _____.A. it was a bargain to himB. it was still in good conditionC. it was located in the city centerD. it looked attractive from the outside62. Working on the old building, Yocum and Bell _______.A. pulled rubbish out through the roofB. removed the skylights from the bathroomC. presented a slow-motion show in an art galleryD. built a kitchen at the back part of the old building63. It can be inferred from the passage that Yocum and Bell _____.A. benefited a lot from pulling down the roofB. turned more old buildings into art galleriesC. got inspiration from decorating their old buildingD. paid more attention to the outside of the art gallery64. The main idea of the passage is that ______.A. people can learn a lot from their failures.B. it is worthwhile to spend money on an old buildingC. people should not judge things by their appearanceD. creative people can make the best of what they haveCY ou’re sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns(打哈欠). Suddenly, you’re yawning with him, though you’re not tired.This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious(有感染力的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly with out words.Hugo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critechley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how we’re feeling. “Emotions are closely linked with sta tes of internal(内部的) responses,” he explained. “ There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expression. When we’re in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, there’s the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.Hugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronise and when we like the other person, we ever copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you’re sitting—it’s pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe it’s our way of telling each other that we’re partners. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle(微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions.”So, what lessons can we learn from this? “ Spend time with happy people— otherwise your health could suffer,” said Critchley.” When we’re sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when we’re happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us.”65. According to Hugo Critchley, ________.A. emotions are as visible as facial expressionsB. we yawn more frequently when we have a coldC. emotions are connected with states of internal responsesD. the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions.66. The underlined word “synchronis e” in Paragraph 4 means “_____”.A. move slowlyB. change rapidlyC. relax temporarilyD. respond accordingly67. From the passage we can learn ________.A. sadness is as contagious as happinessB. anger is less contagious than friendlinessC. surprise is more contagious than smileD. surprise is the most contagious among emotions68. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Emotions have delicate influence on fellow humans.B. Children like copying the actions of fellow humans.C. Scientists are still confused about contagious yawning.D. People tend to communicate more with body language.DCelebrity(名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about s specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption（消费）on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordina ry consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer app eal. No matter haw famous the product’s origins is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial（最初的）attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty (忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebrities face ever more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s （自我的）potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion-like celebrity – has always been temporary.69. Fashion magazines today ________.A. seldom put models on the coverB. no longer put models on the coverC. need not worry about celebrities’ market potentialD. judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly70. A change in the consumer market can be found today that _______.A. price rather than brand name is more concernedB. producers prefer models to celebrities for achievementsC. producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisementsD. quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned71. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly ______.A. decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his productsB. damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general publicC. cut short the artistic careen of a celebrity in show businessD. influence the price of a celebrity’s products72. The passage is mainly about _______.A. celebrity and personal styleB. celebrity and market potentialC. celebrity and fashion designD. celebrity and clothing industry第二节简答题（共3小题，每小题2分，满分6分）Every January, Breckenridge hosts the International Show Sculpture Championships Fourteen teams travel from all over the world to Switzerland to compete. Teams sculpt for sixty-five hours over five days. Each team hopes that when the time is up, its sculpture will be judged the best.As the championship begins, the fourteen teams are faced with huge blocks of snow that weigh twenty tons each. The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.Most teams are inspired by what they have seem in daily life. For example, one team carved a teapot with tea pouring out. Another team sculpted a little cat on its hind feed（后脚）reaching into a fish bowl complete with water ripples（涟漪）and a crab(螃蟹) trying to attack the cat. In 2006, Team USA sculpted a golden dog looking at its image reflected in a mirror. To create the effect that the little dog saw its reflection in the glass, the artists carved two dogs facing each other with their paw （脚爪）touching.As the final hours of the competition tick by, exhausted team members add last-minute details. They use small brooms to brush off snow caught in tiny holes. One team member counts down the last five minutes while others are busy cleaning up the tools. If they leave any tools behind, they will be out. When the whistle blows, everyone must step away from the sculpture. The judges the vote on creativity, technical skill, and visual impact(视觉效果) of the designs.In 2006, Team USA took firs place for their golden dog sculpture titled “Discovery”. But the competition is not just about medals and ribbon.” It’s not about the prize,” said Rob Neyland, T eam USA’s captain.” It’s about touching the audience.”Every year, as the championship ends, each team is already dreaming of the next masterpiece it will design.73. What kind of tools are the sculptures Not permitted to use? (回答词数不超过6个)_________________________________________________________________________ 74. What gives the sculptors ideas for their creative work? (回答词数不超过9个)__________________________________________________________________________ 75. Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006? (回答词数不超过15个)__________________________________________________________________________ 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分35分）第一节填空。

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）第Ⅰ卷（共115分）第一部分: 听力（共三节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题: 每题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷相应的位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅对一遍。

1. How much does the man need to pay?A. $6.B. $16.C. $20.2. Where are the speakers going?A. A shopB. A restaurantC. The railway station3. When will the magazine probably arrive?A. WednesdayB. ThursdayC. Friday4. Whom did the man buy the books for?A. His fatherB. His motherC. His sister5. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and studentB. Mother and son.C. Driver and passenger第二节（共12小题; 每小题1.5分，满分18分）听下面4段对话。

每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题相应位置。

每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟; 听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6和7两个小题。

6. When did the man plan to go back home at first?A. In JulyB. In SeptemberC. In October7. What are the speakers talking about?A. Playing games on TV.B. Flying back to Beijing.C. Watching the Olympic Games听下面一段对话，回答第8至10三个小题。

2008年高考真题精品解析2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）（文科） 测试题 2019.91,函数)0()(2≤=x x x f 的反函数是( ) )0()(.1≥=-x x x f A )0()(.1≥-=-x x x f B)0()(.1≤--=-x x x f C )0()(.21≤-=-x x x f D2,已知直线m 、n 和平面、满足,则( ),//.βn B 或β⊂n α⊥n C . ,//.αn D 或α⊂n 3,下面不等式成立的是( )A ．B ．3log 5log 2log 223<<C ．5log 2log 3log 232<<D ．2log 5log 3log 322<<4,在ABC ∆中，AB=3，AC=2，BC=10，则 ( )A ．23-B ．32-C ．32D ．23 5,某市拟从4个重点项目和6个一般项目中各选2个项目作为本年度启动的项目，则重点项目A 和一般项目B 至少有一个被选中的不同选法种数是( )A ．15B ．45C ．60D ．756,长方体的8个顶点在同一个球面上，且AB=2，AD=3，11=AA ，则顶点A 、B 间的球面距离是( )αβ,,m n m ααβ⊥⊥⊥.A n β⊥322log 2log 3log 5<<AB AC ⋅=1111ABCD A B C D-A ．42πB ．22π C ．π2 D ．2π2 7,双曲线)0,0(12222>>=-b a b y a x 的右支上存在一点，它到右焦点及左准线的距离相等，则双曲线离心率的取值范围是( )A ．B ．C ．D ．8,甲、乙、丙三人参加一家公司的招聘面试，面试合格者可正式签约。

甲表示只要面试合格就签约，乙、丙则约定：两人面试都合格就一同签约，否则两人都不签约。

设每人 面试合格的概率都是21，且面试是否合格互不影响。

2008年高考真题精品解析2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）（文科） 测试题 2019.91,设直线b x y +=21是曲线)0(ln >=x x y 的一条切线，则实数的值是2,如图，在平面直角坐标系中，设三角形ABC 的顶点分别为)0,(),0,(),,0(c C b B a A ，点在线段AO 上的一点（异于端点），这里pc b a ,,,均为非零实数，设直线CP BP ,分别与边AB AC ,交于点F E ,，某同学已正确求得直线OE 的方程为01111=⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-y a p x c b ，请你完成直线OF 的方程：( )011=⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-+y a p x 。

3,将全体正整数排成一个三角形数阵：按照以上排列的规律，第行（3≥n ）从左向右的第3个数为4,设为正实数，满足，则的最小值是5,在平面直角坐标系中，椭圆)0(12222>>=+b a b y a x 的焦距为2c ，以O 为圆心，a 为半径作圆，若过作圆的两条切线相互垂直，则椭圆的离心率为b xoy (0,)Pp n ,,x y z 230x y z -+=2y xz xOy M 20a P c ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，M6,满足条件BC AC AB 2,2==的三角形的面积的最大值7,设函数，若对于任意的[]1,1-∈x 都有0)(≥x f 成立，则实数a 的值为8,已知{}7,6,5,4,3,2=U ，{}7,5,4,3=M ，{}6,5,4,2=N ，则( ) A ． C ．U M N C u = )( D. N N M C u = )( 9,“21<-x ”是“3<x ”的( )A ．充分不必要条件 B.必要不充分条件 C ．充分必要条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件10,已条变量y x ,满足⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤-≤≥,0,2,1y x y x 则y x +的最小值是( ) A ．4 B.3 C.2 D.1测试题答案1, 【解析】本小题考查导数的几何意义、切线的求法． ，令得，故切点坐标为（2，ln2），代入直线方程得2, 【解析】本小题考查直线方程的求法．画草图，由对称性可猜想填．事实上，由截距式可得直线AB ：，直线CP ： ，两式相减得，显然直线AB 与CP 的交点F 满足此方程，又原点O 也满足此方程，故为所求直线OF 的方程．3, 【解析】本小题考查归纳推理和等差数列求和公式．前n －1 行共有正整数1＋2＋…＋（n －1）个，即个，因此第n 行第3 个数是全ABC 3()31()f x ax x x R =-+∈{}4,6M N =.B M N U ='1y x =112x =2x =ln 21ln 21b b =+⇒=-11c b -1x y b a +=1x y c p +=11110x y b c p a ⎛⎫⎛⎫-+-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭22n n-体正整数中第＋3个，即为．4, 【解析】本小题考查二元基本不等式的运用．由得，代入得 ，当且仅当＝3 时取“＝”．5,【解析】设切线PA 、PB 互相垂直，又半径OA 垂直于PA ，所以△OAP 是等腰直角三角形，故，解得．6, 【解析】本小题考查三角形面积公式、余弦定理以及函数思想．设BC ＝，则AC，根据面积公式得=，根据余弦定理得，代入上式得=由三角形三边关系有解得， 故当时7, 【解析】本小题考查函数单调性的综合运用．若，则不论取何值，显然成立；当 即时，可化为，22n n -262n n -+230x y z -+=32x zy +=2y xz 229666344x z xz xz xzxz xz +++≥=x z 2a c =2c e a ==x ABC S ∆1sin 2AB BC B ⨯=2222242cos 24AB BC AC x x B AB BC x +-+-==⨯244x x -=ABC S ∆=22x x +>+>⎪⎩22x <<212,x x ==ABC S ∆=0x =a ()0f x ≥0x >[]1,1x ∈-3()310f x ax x =-+≥2331a x x ≥-设，则， 所以 在区间上单调递增，在区间上单调递减，因此，从而；当 即时，可化为，在区间上单调递增，因此，从而，综上 8, B【解析】由{}7,6,5,4,3,2=U ，{}7,5,4,3=M ，{}6,5,4,2=N ，易知B 正确. 9, A【解析】由21<-x 得，所以易知选A.10,C【解析】如图得可行域为一个三角形，其三个顶点分别为代入验证知在点时,最小值是故选C.()2331g x x x =-()()'4312x g x x -=()g x 10,2⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦1,12⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦()max 142g x g ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭4a ≥0x <[)1,0x ∈-3()310f x ax x =-+≥2331a x x ≤-()()'4312x g x x -=0>()g x [)1,0-()()ma 14n g x g =-=4a ≤4a =13x -<<(1,1),(1,2),(2,2),(1,1)x y +11 2.+=。

当3x <-时，()0g x '>，()g x 在(3)--∞，上为增函数， 当31x -<<时，()0g x '<，()g x 在(31)-，上为减函数， 当1x >时，()0g x '>，()g x 在(1)+，∞上为增函数． 所以函数()g x 在3x =-时取极大值，在1x =时取极小值．当(3)0g -≤或(1)0g ≥时，()0g x =最多只有两个不同实根．因为()0g x =有三个不同实根，所以(3)0g ->，且(1)0g <．即2727270c -+++>，且1390c +-+<，解得27c >-，且5c <． 故275c -<<．（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）的证明可知，当275c -<<时，()f x 有三个极值点．不妨设为123123()x x x x x x <<，，，则123()()()()f x x x x x x x '=---．所以()f x 的单调递减区间是(]1x -∞，，[]23x x ，．若()f x 在区间[]2a a +，上单调递减，则[](]12a a x +⊂-，∞，， 或[][]232a a x x +⊂，，．若[](]12a a x +⊂-，∞，，则12a x +≤．由（Ⅰ）知，13x <-，于是5a <-． 若[][]232a a x x +⊂，，，则2a x ≥，且32a x +≤．由（Ⅰ）知，231x -<<． 又32()39f x x x x c '=+-+，当27c =-时，2()(3)(3)f x x x '=-+；当5c =时，2()(5)(1)f x x x '=+-．因此，当275c -<<时，313x <<． 所以3a >-，且23a +<，即31a -<<． 故5a <-，或31a -<<．反之，当5a <-，或31a -<<时，总可找到(275)c ∈-，，使()f x 在区间[]2a a +，上单调递减．综上所述，a 的取值范围是(5)(31)---U ∞，，．。

2008年高考真题文科综合能力测试（湖南卷）地理试题及解析2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）文科综合能力测试地理选择题部分解析张某承包了O.5公顷耕地．种植结构变化如图1。

当地1月平均气温3℃。

完成1～2题。

1．张某承包的耕地可能位于A．珠江三角洲B．太湖平原C．华北平原D．松嫩平原解析：根据材料中所给的信息“当地1月均温为3°C”，可以判定该地为我国秦岭－淮河以南地区的太湖平原。

答案：B2．导致种植结构变化的主要因素是A．市场需求B．生产经验C．自然条件D．国家政策解析：该地种植结构的变化表现为水稻种植面积下降，蔬菜、花卉等种植面积上升较快，具有城郊农业特色，其农业区位因素的变化应该是市场需求量的变化。

答案：A3．该城市自1982年至2000年A．人口自然增长率很高，人口增长迅速B．人口出生率增高，人口老龄化问题得到缓解C．人口出生率大幅度降低，人口死亡率大幅度增高D．人口增长率很高，有大量青壮年人口迁入解析：读该城市人口资料，可以看出该城市人口总数增加很快，0-14岁和65岁以上人口所占百分比呈下降趋势，而15-64岁人口所占百分比增加速度快，该城市人口数量剧增应该为人口机械增长，即人口迁移。

答案：D4．该城市是A．南京B．深圳C．西安D．沈阳解析：改革开放以后（1982年邓小平同志南巡），人口增长迅猛应该为深圳。

答案：B产业重心是区域产业产值空间分布的重心。

图2示意中国三次产业重心的经、纬度变化(不含台湾、香港、澳门的统计资料)。

完成5～7题。

5．圈中①、②、③线依次代表A．第一产业、第二产业、第三产业B．第二产业、第三产业、第一产业C．第一产业、第三产业、第二产业D．第三产业、第一产业、第二产业解析：从左图看①向西，②向东，③有向西的趋势。

从右图看①向南，②向南，③有向北的趋势，综合来看，①向西南，②向东南，③向北。

因此可以确定②为第三产业，向东南第一产业的优势应该在中部，而第二产业应该有明显的向西。