第七章之正译与反译affirmation and affirmtion 英语中含有no, not, never及否定前缀non-, un-, im-, in-, ir-和否定后缀-less等成分的词句和汉语中含有不、没、无、未、别、休、莫、非、毋、勿等成分的词句，都称为否定说法，简称反说；相反，没有这些成分的简称正说。
原则上说，英语中的正说正好可以译成汉语中的正说，反说也是如此。
*但在实践中，两者的正反表达方式有时不能吻合，必需进行正反转换，即将正说处理为反说，将反说处理为正说。
In the English language, negation usually fall into the following categories:A.full negation: no, not, none, neither, nor never, nothing, nobody, nowhereB.semi negation: hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, littleC.partial negation:not every,/all/both/much/many/alwaysD.words with negative implification: some verbs like avoid, cease, deny, fail, hate, ignore/neglect/ overlook, miss, , pass, prevent, stop, refrain and refuse; some nouns like absence, aversion/dislike, failure, refusal, some adjectives like absent, far(from), free(from), little; some advs like out, too(…to)之类的副词，some prepositions like without, above, beyond,except, instead of, rather than and other than; some conjunctions like before,until, unless, lest.1.正说转反说。
