英语词汇漫谈结课大作业

专业英语导师：XXXXX姓名：XXXX学号：XXXXFrench fashion17th century, the Barroque and ClassicimFrance is a leading country in the fashion design industry, along with Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan and the USA. Fashion is an important part of the country's cultural life and society, and the French are well known for good taste. Haute couture and the prêt-à-porter, among other fashion styles, remain part of French traditional life. France has many famous designers.French design became prominent during the 15th century through today. The fashion industry has been an important cultural export of France since the 17th century and the modern haute couture where originated in the 1860s.Paris acts as the center of the country's fashion industry. Along with New York City, London and Milan, it is considered a leading fashion capital. Paris is home to many premier fashion designers including Chanel, Pierre Cardin, Céline, Chloe, Dior, Givenchy, Jean Paul Gaultier, Hermès, Lanvin, Rochas, Vuitton, and Yves Saint Laurent.Many French cities, including Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Lille, Strasbourg, Bordeaux, Nantes or Rennes, host important luxury districts and avenues. In recent centuries, these cities have transformed into developed cities and heavy producers and costumers of luxury goods. Île-de-France, Manosque, La Gacilly (near Rennes), and Vichy lead the cosmetic industry, basing well-known international beauty houses as L'Oreal, Lancôme, Guerlain, Clarins, Yves Rocher, L'Occitane, Vichy, etc.The cities of Nice, Cannes, St. Tropez, among others of the French riviera, are well known as places of luxury, annually hosting many international media celebrities and personalities, potentates, and billionaires.17th century, the Barroque and ClassicimThe association of France with fashion and style (la mode) is widely credited as beginning during the reign of Louis XIV [3] when the luxury goods industries in France came increasingly under royal control and the French royal court became, arguably, the arbiter of taste and style in Europe. The rise in prominence of French fashion was linked to the creation of the fashion press in the early 1670s (due in large part to Jean Donneau de Visé), which transformed the fashion industry by marketing designs to a broad public outside the French court and by popularizing notions such as the fashion "season" and changing styles.Over his lifetime, Louis commissioned numerous works of art to portray himself, among them over 300 formal portraits. The earliest portrayals of Louis already followed the pictorial conventions of the day in depicting the child king as the majestically royal incarnation of France. This idealisation of the monarch continued in later works, which avoided depictions of the effect of the smallpox that Louis contracted in 1647. In the 1660s, Louis began to be shown as a Roman emperor, the god Apollo, or Alexander the Great, as can be seen in many works of Charles Le Brun, such as sculpture, paintings, and the decor of major monuments.The depiction of the King in this manner focused on allegorical or mythological attributes, instead of attempting to produce a true likeness. As Louis aged, so too did the manner in which he was depicted. Nonetheless, there was still a disparity between realistic representation and the demands of royal propaganda. There is no betterillustration of this than in HyacintheRigaud's frequently-reproduced Portrait of Louis XIV of 1701, in which a 63-year-old Louis appears to stand on a set of unnaturally young legs.Rigaud's portrait exemplified the height of royal portraiture in Louis's reign. Although Rigaud crafted a credible likeness of Louis, the portrait was neither meant as an exercise in realism nor to explore Louis's personal character. Certainly, Rigaud was concerned with detail and depicted the King's costume with great precision, down to his shoe buckle.[7] However, Rigaud's intention was to glorify the monarchy. Rigaud's original, now housed in the Louvre, was originally meant as a gift to Louis's grandson, Philip V of Spain. However, Louis was so pleased with the work that he kept the original and commissioned a copy to be sent to his grandson. That became the first of many copies, both in full and half-length formats, to be made by Rigaud, often with the help of his assistants. The portrait also became a model for French royal and imperial portraiture down to the time of Charles X over a century later. In his work, Rigaud proclaims Louis's exalted royal status through his elegant stance and haughty expression, the royal regalia and throne, rich ceremonial fleur-de-lys robes, as well as the upright column in the background, which, together with the draperies, serves to frame this image of majesty.Louis XIV notably introduced one of the most noticeable feature of the men's costume of the time: immense wigs of curled hair. A commonly held belief is that Louis XIV started to wear wigs due to balding, and to imitate this his courtiers put on false hair. The wearing of wigs lasted for over a century; they went through many changes, but they were never quite so exaggerated as during this period.18th century, the Rococó and rising new classicismThe extravagant styles of the French Royal court racked up enormous debts to keep up its pace, at the peasants' expense. Such fashion sprees notably ruined Marie Antoinette’s reputation, and were one of the many factors paving the way for the French Revolution.Long after her death, Marie Antoinette remains a major historical figure linked with conservative and the Catholic Church positions; and a major cultural icon associated with high glamour, wealth and a certain style of life based on luxury and celebrity appealing today to the social and cultural elites; frequently referenced in popular culture,[9] being the subject of several books, films and other forms of media. Most academics and scholars, have deemed her the quintessential representative of class conflict, western aristocracy and absolutism government in addition to being frivolous, superficial; and have attributed the start of the French Revolution.The phrase "Let them eat cake" is often attributed to Marie Antoinette, but there is no evidence she ever uttered it, and it is now generally regarded as a "journalistic cliché".[10] It may have been a rumor started by angry French peasants as a form of libel. This phrase originally appeared in Book VI of the first part (finished in 1767, published in 1782) of Rousseau's putative autobiographical work, Les Confessions: "Enfin je me rappelai lepis-allerd'unegrandeprincesse à qui l'ondisaitque les paysansn'avaient pas de pain, et qui répondit: Qu'ilsmangent de la brioche" ("Finally I recalled the stopgap solution of a great princess who was told that the peasants had no bread, and who responded: 'Let them eat brioche'"). Apart from the fact that Rousseau ascribes these words to an unknown princess, vaguely referred to as a "great princess", some think that he invented it altogether as Confessions was largely inaccurate.The Sans-culottes (lit. “without knee-breeches”) rejected the powdered wigs and the knee-breeches assimilated to the nobility, and instead favored informal styles (full-length trousers, and natural hair), which finally triumphed over the brocades, lace, periwig, and powder of the earlier eighteenth century.19th century, full Neoclassicism and Empire styleAfter the fall of the Jacobins and their Sans-culottes supporters, the supporters of the Thermidorian Reaction were known as the Incroyables and Merveilleuses. They scandalized Paris with their extravagant clothes. The Merveilleuses wore dresses and tunics modeled after the ancient Greeks and Romans, cut of light or even transparent linen and gauze. Sometimes so revealing they were termed "woven air", many gowns displayed cleavage and were too tight to allow pockets. To carry even a handkerchief, the ladies had to use small bags known as reticules. They were fond of wigs, often choosing blonde because the Paris Commune had banned blonde wigs, but they also wore them in black, blue, and green. Enormous hats, short curls like those on Roman busts, and Greek-style sandals were the rage. The sandals were tied above the ankle with crossed ribbons or strings of pearls. Exotic and expensive scents fabricated by perfume houses like ParfumsLubin were worn as both for style and as indicators of social station.ThérésaTallien, known as "Our Lady of Thermidor", wore expensive rings on the toes of her bare feet and gold circlets on her legs.The Incroyables wore eccentric outfits: large earrings, green jackets, wide trousers, huge neckties, thick glasses, and hats topped by "dog ears", their hair falling on their ears. Their musk-based fragrances earned them too the derogatory nickname muscadins among the lower classes, already applied to a wide group of anti-Jacobins. They wore bicorne hats and carried bludgeons, which they referred to as their "executive power." Hair was often shoulder-length, sometimes pulled up in the back with a comb to imitate the hairstyles of the condemned. Some sported large monocles, and they frequently affected a lisp and sometimes a stooped hunchbacked posture.In addition to Madame Tallien, famous Merveilleuses included Anne Françoise Elizabeth Lange, Jeanne Françoise Julie AdélaïdeRécamier, and two very popularCréoles: Fortunée Hamelin and Hortense de Beauharnais. Hortense, a daughter of the Empress Josephine, married Louis Bonaparte and became the mother of Napoleon III. Fortunée was not born rich, but she became famous for her salons and her string of prominent lovers. Parisian society compared Germaine de Staël and MmeRaguet to Minerva and Juno and named their garments for Roman deities: gowns were styled Flora or Diana, and tunics were styled à la Ceres or Minerva.The leading Incroyable, Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras, was one of five Directors who ran the Republic of France and gave the period its name. He hosted luxurious feasts attended by royalists, repentant Jacobins, ladies, and courtesans. Since divorce was now legal, sexuality was looser than in the past. However, de Barras' reputation for immorality may have been a factor in his later overthrow, a coup that brought the French Consulate to power and paved the way for Napoleon Bonaparte.Final 19th - early 20th century and the Belle ÉpoqueFrance renewed its dominance of the high fashion (French: couture or haute couture) industry in the years 1860-1960 through the establishing of the great couturier houses, the fashion press (Vogue was founded in 1892 in USA, and 1920 in France) and fashion shows. The first modern Parisian couturier house is generally considered the work of the Englishman Charles Frederick Worth, who dominated the industry from 1858-1895.[14] In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the industry expanded through such Parisian fashion houses as the house of Jacques Doucet (founded in 1871), Rouff (founded 1884), Jeanne Paquin (founded in 1891), the CallotSoeurs (founded 1895 and operated by four sisters), Paul Poiret (founded in 1903), Louise Chéruit (founded 1906), Madeleine Vionnet (founded in 1912), Elsa Schiaparelli (founded in 1927) or Balenciaga (founded by the Spaniard Cristóbal Balenciaga in 1937).Chanel founded by Coco Chanel, it first came to prominence in 1925, it's philosophy was to emphasize understated elegance through her clothing. Her popularity thrived in the 1920s, because of innovative designs. Chanel's own look itself was as different and new as her creations. Instead of the usual pale-skinned, long-haired and full-bodied women preferred at the time, Chanel had a boyish figure, short cropped hair, and tanned skin. She had a distinct type of beauty that the world came to embrace.The horse culture and penchant for hunting so passionately pursued by the elites, especially the British, fired Chanel's imagination. Her own enthusiastic indulgence in the sporting life led to clothing designs informed by those activities. From her excursions on water with the yachting world, she appropriated the clothing associated with nautical pursuits: the horizontal striped shirt, bell-bottom pants, crewneck sweaters, and espadrille shoes—all traditionally worn by sailors and fishermen.World War IIMany fashion houses closed during the occupation of Paris in World War II, including the MaisonVionnet and the Maison Chanel. In contrast to the stylish, liberated Parisienne, the Vichy regime promoted the model of the wife and mother, the robust, athletic young woman, a figure who was much more in line with the new political criteria. Germany, meanwhile, was taking possession of over half of what France produced, including high fashion, and was considering relocating French haute couture to the cities of Berlin and Vienna, neither of which had any significant tradition of fashion. The archives of the ChambreSyndicale de la Couture were seized, mostly for their client lists as Jews were excluded from the fashion industry at this time.During this era, the number of employed models was limited to seventy-five and designers often substituted materials in order to comply with wartime shortages. From 1940 onward, no more than thirteen feet (four meters) of cloth was permitted to be used for a coat and a little over three feet (one meter) for a blouse. No belt could be over one and a half inches (four centimeters) wide. As a result of the frugal wartime standards, the practical zazou suit became popular among young French men.In spite of the fact that so many fashion houses closed down or moved away during the war, several new houses remained open, including Jacques Fath, MaggyRouff, Marcel Rochas, Jeanne Lafaurie, Nina Ricci, and Madeleine Vramant. During the Occupation, the only true way for a woman to flaunt her extravagance and add color to a drab outfit was to wear a hat. In this period, hats were often made of scraps of material that would have otherwise been thrown away, sometimes incorporating butter muslin, bits of paper, and wood shavings. Among the most innovative milliners of the time were Pauline Adam, Simone Naudet, Rose Valois, and Le Monnier.Post-war fashion returned to prominence through Christian Dior's famous "New Look" in 1947: the collection contained dresses with tiny waists, majestic busts, and full skirts swelling out beneath small bodices, in a manner very similar to the style of the BelleÉpoque. The extravagant use of fabric and the feminine elegance of the designs appealed greatly to a post-war clientele. Other important houses of the period included Pierre Balmain and Hubert de Givenchy (opened in 1952). The fashion magazine Elle was founded in 1945. In 1952, Coco Chanel herself returned to Paris.Fashion In France - TodayPost-war fashion returned to prominence through Christian Dior's famous "New Look" in 1947: the collection contained dresses with tiny waists, majestic busts, and full skirts swelling out beneath small bodices, in a manner very similar to the style of the BelleÉpoque. The extravagant use of fabric and the feminine elegance of the designs appealed greatly to a post-war clientele. Other important houses of the period included Pierre Balmain and Hubert de Givenchy (opened in 1952). The fashion magazine Elle was founded in 1945. In 1952, Coco Chanel herself returned to Paris.In the 1960s, "high fashion" came under criticism from France's youth culture (including the yé-yés) who were turning increasingly to London and to casual styles.[18] In 1966, the designer Yves Saint Laurent broke with established high fashion norms by launching a prêt-à-porter ("ready to wear") line and expanding French fashion into mass manufacturing and marketing (member houses of the ChambreSyndicale were forbidden to use even sewing machines). In 1985, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, "The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited with both spurring the couture's rise from its sixties ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable."[20] He is also credited with having introduced the tuxedo suit for women and was known for his use of non-European cultural references, and non-white models.Further innovations were carried out by PacoRabanne and Pierre Cardin. Inpost-1968 France, youth culture would continue to gravitate away from the "sociopolitically suspect" luxury clothing industry, preferring instead a more "hippy" look (termed baba cool in French). With a greater focus on marketing and manufacturing, new trends were established by Sonia Rykiel, Thierry Mugler, Claude Montana, Jean-Paul Gaultier and Christian Lacroix in the 1970s and 80s. The 1990s saw a conglomeration of many French couture houses under luxury giants and multinationals such as LVMH.Since the 1960s, France's fashion industry has come under increasing competition from London, New York, Milan and Tokyo. Nevertheless, many foreign designers still seek to make their careers in France: Karl Lagerfeld (German) at Chanel, John Galliano (British) at Dior, Paulo MelimAndersson (Swedish) at Chloe, Stefano Pilati (Italian) at Yves Saint Laurent, Marc Jacobs (American) at Louis Vuitton, and Kenzo Takada (Japanese) and Alexander McQueen (English) at Givenchy (until 2001).France is known as a country of luxury, fashion and beauty, with Paris as one of the world's fashion capitals. It also has many cities and towns with an important history and industry of the entry, with various sized events and shows as fashion weeks and fests.ParisParis is regarded as the world fashion capital, and spread throughout the city are many fashion boutiques. Most of the major French fashion brands, such as Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Dior, and Lacroix, are currently headquartered here. Numerous international fashion labels also operate shops in Paris, such as Valentino, Gucci, Loewe, Escada, BottegaVeneta, and Burberry, as well as an Abercrombie & Fitch flagship store which has become a main consumer attraction. Paris hosts a fashion week twice a year, similar to other international centers such as Milan, London, Tokyo, New York, Los Angeles and Rome.The Avenue des Champs-Élysées is the avenue of luxury and beauty of France and is the location of many headquarters of upscale fashion, jewelry and beauty houses. It is often compared with the 5th Avenue of NYC and the Avenue Montaigne, an adjacent avenue that is also known for its prestigious fashion headquarters since the 1980s. The fashion houses have been traditionally situated since the 17th century in the quarter around the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré. Other areas, such as Le Marais, a traditional Jewish quarter, have also included the clothing industry. The city's numerous fashion districts consolidate it as a fashion capital.LyonLyon, the second largest city of France, is a growing fashion industry center. It has been the world's silk capital since the 17th century, with an important textile industry and a strong fashion culture. It is the second biggest luxury goods consumer of the country, with major streets and districts holding houses of high fashion.The Presqu'île is the upscale district of the city, containing luxurious malls, streets and avenue. The famous Rue de la République is compared with Avenue desChamps-Elysées of Paris.The Rue Édouard-Herriot, the Avenue des Cordeliers Jacobines, the Place Bellecour among others, with elegant boutiques of Armani, Dior, Prada, Dolce &Gabbana, Calvin Klein, MaxMara, Armand Ventilo, Sonia Rykiel, and Cartier.La Croix-Rousse is a fashion district heavily marked by the silk industry, and known for receiving government support for the newcomer fashion designers. The city is the home of the headquarters of international fashion houses such as Korloff, Millesia and the jeweler Augis. Other famous Lyonnaise fashion houses in France include Nicholas Fafiotte, Nathalie Chaize and GarbisDevar.MarseilleMarseille, the third largest city of France, and the principal port of the country and of the Mediterranean, and second of all Europe.The city is affectionately called "The Old Lady of the Mediterranean" or "The City of Contrasts".[25] The city has enjoyed its position on the continent being a fluvial port with ships full of fashion products. The avenue Canebière is called the "Champs Elysées of Marseille". Rue Paradis and the Rue Grignan are known for being the avenues of luxury in the city, holding high fashion boutiques such as Louis Vuitton, Hermès, YSL, Chopard, Kenzo, Tara Jarmon, Gérard Darel and many others. The Rue de la Tour is called La Rue de la Mode ("The Fashion Street"), where the newest Marsellaises fashion designers and artisans are supported by the city government, for creating and growing the fashion industry in the city. Some of the famous fashion houses here are Diable Noir and Casa Blanca.In the Centre and Vieux Port (downtown and old port) are other of the city shopping districts, in these areas are a lot of fashion houses for both nationals and internationals.Other citiesAlthough biggest cities, there are a lot "fashionable" cities and towns in France, there are fashion districts, avenues, streets, shopping malls and many places specialized for all the needs of customer.Cannes, Nice, St. Tropez and Monte Carlo, year by year host thousands of socialites, artists, potentates and personalities who come up for events including the Cannes Film Festival and the NRJ Music Awards. For that reason, the fashion houses have taken advantage of establishing boutiques in ostentatious districts of the French riviera, Bordeaux is classified "City of Art and History". The city is home to 362 monuments historiques (only Paris has more in France) with some buildings dating back to Roman times. Bordeaux has been inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List as "an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble" and is the world's top prime wine tourism place, focus it's luxury district around the Cours de l'intendance. Toulouse with pink and stylish architecture, Rennes with antique and medieval beauty (around the "rue de la Monnaie"), Nantes with its passage Pommeraye, Strasbourg offering French-German architecture and Lille's downtown in north France holds several luxury houses.Fashion showsMain article: Paris Fashion WeekThe Paris Fashion Week takes place twice a year after the Milan Fashion Week. It is the last and usually the most anticipated city of the fashion month. Dates are determined by the French Fashion Federation. Currently, the Fashion Week is held in the Carrousel du Louvre.∙Africa Fashion Week Paris∙Bordeaux Fashion Week∙Elite Model Look∙Cannes-Nice Fashion Week∙Le Bal des Débutantes∙Lille Fashion Week∙Lyon Fashion Week (FashionCity Show)∙Marseille Fashion Week∙Nantes Fashion Week∙Rennes Fashion Week∙Toulouse Fashion Week∙Strasbourg Fashion Week (EM Fashion Week)∙St. Tropez Fashion Week∙Spring 2004 Dior couture collectionMonacoMontecarlo Fashion Week (Fashion Fair Week)翻译法国时尚历史17世纪，巴洛克和古典主义法国是在时装设计行业领先的国家，随着意大利，德国，英国，日本和美国。

英语词汇学期末论文题目：浅析英语词汇巧记法专业：英语班级：13级3班学号：201313010309姓名：黄旷静完成时间：2015年1月14号浅析英语词汇巧记法摘要：词汇是英语学习的基础，没有足够的词汇量就不可能高水平的掌握英语这门外语，而浩瀚的词汇海洋让很多人望而生畏。

尽管花费了大量时间精力去背，记忆的效果却差强人意，原因就在于没有使用科学的方法记忆词汇。

其实，世间万物都是有规律性的，英语单词的组词与构词方法也有规律，了解了它的规律有利于我们有效甚至高效学习英语单词。

为了提高单词记忆的效率，本文从不同方面介绍几种记忆方法。

关键词：词汇科学记忆规律效率一．读音记忆法1.拼读法英语是拼音文字，英语中的单词的读音大多是有规律的，熟悉字母及字母组合的发音规则，掌握正确的拼法与读音之间的关系，可以根据单词的读音，降低记忆难度，正确地拼写单词。

例如ay读[ei]。

带有ay字母组合的词，如say，day，way，pay，may，play，spray，不仅发音容易，而且拼写也没有任何困难。

Sh ch tion ture 等也都有固定读音，ee发音为i:culture 文化pasture牧场mature 成熟的architecture 建筑学带有true的单词也都能很方便的记忆下来2.谐音法尽管有些人认为用这种谐音记忆法记忆单词不科学，不利于正确掌握发音，但实践证明，对尚未掌握外语的构词特点和记词规律的初学者来说，采用谐音法记单词确实能有效地记住一部分难记的单词。

但是，在用谐音法记单词时需要特别注意，绝不可将其作为模仿发音的依据，只能作为记忆单词时的谐音联想手段，以加强记忆，而必须按照单词的标准发音去读记，以避免这种记词法干扰正确发音。

用谐音法记单词是，根据外语单词的读音到中文中寻找与其读音相似的谐音，寻找到谐音与单词的联系。

用这种方法甚至可能达到终身不忘，这也正是谐音记忆法的绝妙之处。

例如：mouth嘴[联想：说话“冒失”的就是嘴]think想[联想：想时要“深刻”]二．联想法1.拆分联想科学研究表明：联想是记忆的基础。

二中英语校本课程教材词汇漫谈英语校本课程——词汇漫谈（一）非“专有”的专有名词一般说来，专有名词是指国家、地方或人的名称，它只指某个特定的地方或人。

然而有些国家的名称能用来和其它一些词组合，构成一个别有新意的普通词语。

请看下面的词例：American Beauty——四季蔷薇（不是“美国美女”）China rose——月季花（不是“中国玫瑰”）from China to Peru——天涯海角（不是“从中国到秘鲁”）go Dutch——各人自己付钱Dutch courage——酒后之勇（不是“荷兰人勇气”）Dutch comfort——不会使人感激的安慰（不是“荷兰人的安慰”）spoil the Egyptian——夺取敌人的财物（不是“毁了埃及人”）English disease——软骨病（不是“英国病”）take French leave——不告而别（不是“采取法国式告别”）French chalk——滑石粉（不是“法国粉笔”）French window——落地长窗（不是“法国窗”）Greek gift——害人的礼物（不是“希腊的礼物”）It’s Greek to me——我一点也不懂。

（不是“这对我是希腊文”）Indian weed——烟草（不是“印第安野草”）Indian summer——美国西部的秋天（而不是“印第安夏天”）Indian file——一路纵队（不是“印第安纵队”）Indian ink——墨汁（不是“印度墨水”）Russian boot——长统靴（不是“俄国靴”）Russian blue——淡蓝色（不是“俄国蓝”）Russian olive——沙枣（不是“俄国的橄榄”）Spanish athlete——吹牛的人（不是“西班牙运动员”）Spanish castle（或a castle in Spain）——空中楼阁，空想（不是“西班牙城堡”）Spanish potato——山芋（不是“西班牙土豆”）Turkish delight ——拌砂软糖（不是“土耳其欢乐”）有些普通名词与国名同形，虽然只有第一第母大写和小写之别，但如混为一谈，就会闹出笑话了。

英语词汇学课程心得感想范文（精选5篇）英语词汇学课程心得感想范文篇1一. 教材分析NSE教材是以国家《英语课程标准》对初级中学英语学习的目标及要求为依据，教材的每个模块以一个题材为中心，词汇，语法，对话，阅读，活动，练习等都围绕这个话题展开，因而单词的出现率很高。

每个模块都很注重词汇和词组的理解和运用，由听说引入到读写，体现了由浅入深，由具体到抽象的过程，符合教学由输入到输出的特点。

另外，该教材注重语音和教学策略与文化意识的培养，能较好地巩固学生的基础，提高文化意识。

二. 词汇重要性词汇是语言的三要素(语音、词汇、语法)之一，是语言的基本材料，离开词汇就无法表达思想。

没有足够的词汇就不能有效地进行听、说、读、写，就无法有效地用英语进行交际。

著名语言学家里弗(River)认为“词汇学习是第二语言习得的基础”，掌握足够的词汇是成功运用外语的关键，没有词汇就没有能运用所学的结构和功能的意念。

Harmer说：“如果说结构是语言的骨骼，词汇就是最重要的器官和血肉。

”而事实上，一个人词汇量的大小也在一定程度上表明这个人英语水平的高低。

由此可见词汇的重要性。

因而教师在教学过程中要注意词汇教学的策略。

三.词汇教学的策略外研版教材的词汇实用性比较强，都是常用词与一些与时俱进的新词汇，因而学生学单词时觉得比较贴近生活，比较感兴趣，但教材的词汇量大，大大地增加了学生学习单词的难度;而大部分词汇是小学已经接触过的单词，学习成绩好的同学都能够读出来，但往往会套用以前学习单词的方法――死记硬背。

因而教师不是为教单词而教，而是在教单词的过程中教会学生学习，记忆单词的方法与策略。

正所谓“授之于鱼不如授之于渔。

” 下面具体谈谈词汇教学的策略：1、利用语音教单词，使学生建立良好的语音知识。

英语的拼读和拼写是密不可分的，它们之间有着一定的规则。

因此，在开学第2，3 周，教师应重点进行音标教学，教会学生用音标音节拼读和记忆单词，如：coffee-co-ffee，happen-ha-ppen，decorate-de-co-rate等。

英语结课作业总结引言本文旨在总结我在英语课程结课作业中的学习心得和体会。

通过对完成作业的过程和结果的分析，我将探讨我在英语学习方面的不足和需要改进的地方，并提出相应的解决办法。

作业一：口头报告第一次作业是进行一次口头报告，要求以自己最感兴趣的话题为题材。

作为一个非英语专业的学生，我选择了自己热爱的音乐作为报告的内容。

在准备口头报告的过程中，我遇到了一些困难。

首先，我在口语表达方面存在很大的不足，自信心不足，对于如何组织语言和表达观点感到迷茫。

其次，我在文化背景知识方面了解有限，对于音乐的英语术语和相关的文化背景了解不够全面。

为了克服这些困难，我采取了以下措施。

首先，我通过自学英语的口语表达技巧，并通过大量练习来提高自己的口语表达能力。

其次，我进行了大量的音乐术语和相关文化背景的研究，以便更好地在口头报告中展示我的知识。

尽管在准备报告的过程中遇到了一些困难，但最终我成功地完成了口头报告。

通过这次报告，我不仅加深了对音乐的理解，而且提高了自己的口语表达能力。

作业二：阅读理解第二次作业是一篇阅读理解练习。

我们需要阅读一篇英文新闻报道，并回答相关问题。

这次作业的难点在于理解文章的内容以及准确回答问题。

在完成这次作业的过程中，我认识到自己阅读理解的能力还有待提高。

我发现自己在阅读英文文章时容易迷失在细节上，导致对文章整体内容的把握不够准确。

此外，我在回答问题时有时会理解偏差，导致答案不准确。

为了提高阅读理解能力，我开始注重提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。

我通过阅读更多的英文文章，并尝试使用一些阅读理解技巧来帮助自己更好地理解文章。

此外，我还开始认真阅读问题，并思考问题的答案，而不是急于回答。

通过这次作业，我意识到阅读理解是英语学习中非常重要的一部分，我将继续努力提高自己的阅读理解能力。

作业三：写作练习第三次作业是一篇写作练习，我们需要根据提示写一篇短文。

这次作业的难点在于写作能力和语法运用。

在写作这篇短文的过程中，我发现自己的写作能力有很大的提升空间。

Narcissism※Definition of the wordAre you familiar with the word “narcissism”? Nowadays this word is very widely used on different occasions, especially among the young people.Narcissism, according to the definition of Oxford dictionary, means the habit of admiring oneself too much, especially one’s appearance. In Chinese ,it means “自恋”.To be more precise, narcissism is the personality trait of egotism, vanity, conceit or simple selfishness. Applied to a social group, it is sometimes used to denote elitism or an influence to the plight of others. The term “narcissism” was firstly introduced by Havelock Ellis(later developed further by Freud in On Narcissism)after Narcissus who in Greek Mythology was a self－absorbed young man who fall in love with his own reflection in a pool. From Freud’s point of view, he held that some narcissism is an essential part of all of us from birth. And Andrew P.Morrison claims that a certain amount of healthy narcissism allows the individual’s perception of his needs to be balanced in relation to others. However, in Spain, where psychoanalysis is not used in public health, the world “narcissism”has a different meaning. It means “overindulgence at considering one’s faculties or acts”. Thus, the term “healthy narcissism”is replaced by “healthy self－love”. Some experts believe a disproportionate number of pathological narcissists are at work in the most influential reaches of society such as medicine, finance and politics.※The source of the wordIn Greek mythology, Narcissus was a handsome Greek youth who had never seen his reflection. The nymph Echo had been punished by Hera for gossiping by being cursed to forever "have the last word". One day Echo saw Narcissus walking through the forest and wanted to express her love for him. Narcissus heard her but could not see her and when he asked, "Who's here?” all Echo could reply, because of the curse, was "here". When Echo finally revealed herself, she was shocked when Narcissus scornfully rejected her and she fled into the mountains. One day, whenNarcissus became thirsty and stopped by a pond to take a drink, he saw his reflection in the water for the first time. Not knowing any better, he fell in love and started talking to it. Not yet understanding reflections, Narcissus thought his reflection was speaking to him and became more engaged. Unable to consummate his love, Narcissus pined away at the pool and changed into the flower that bears his name, the narcissus.※The representatives of the wordNowadays the word “narcissism”is very popular with Chinese people. People behave narcissistically out of special reasons. For example, I have a very good friend who is a tall but fat girl. Every time when we talk about appearance, she will say in a weird but amusing voice, “well, don’t you even know that? I come from the south of China, so it’s no doubt that I’m a mild and fragile young lady.” Hearing that, I know she is a little bit narcissistic considering her real appearance. But by saying so and claiming in such a voice, she wisely avoids embarrassment and animates the atmosphere. Next time when we talk about what kind of person she is, we will unanimously say she is a wise and humorous girl instead of despising her as a narcissistic person.However, things can go quite contrary to what we have expected them to achieve if we are not capable of keeping a subtle balance when behaving narcissistically. I will give you another corresponding example. I also know a very competent person who is a member of the English debate society. He can handle different situations appropriately, but he is not popular with the other members. Why? From the other members of the association, I can figure out the reason. They just think he is too arrogant and self－conceited. Every time the other members put forward a suggestion, he is always opposed to it as if to say, “Well, my suggestion is the best, you guys can not possibly come up with a constructive idea.”Also, he is used to contending that he has good appearance, so it won’t be hard for him at all to find a girlfriend. However, he is still single now in that he even doesn’t give any chance to the girls who desperately fall in love with him. I guess the reason why he is so unpopular lies in thefact that he isn’t able to hold the appropriate degree of narcissism.※The conclusion of the wordFrom what have been mentioned above, I’m sure more or less we are familiar with the word “narcissism”, ranging from the precise definition of the word, the etymology of the word to the special occasions of using the word. Therefore, we have an overall look at the word－narcissism. However, it’s just a tip of the iceberg. If we would like to get to know more about the word, we will have to do further research so that we can apply the use of it to our daily life appropriately.Last but not the least, there is something that I would like to mention, that is, whatever our original intentions are of behaving narcissistically, we should always bear in mind that our behavior should not arouse the other people’s resentment and unhappiness. In our daily communication, we do not expect the uneasiness to generate between people, so while we are trying to be humorous by behaving narcissistically, it’s better for us to be a little bit modest.。

与词汇学有关的英语作文Vocabulary Learning: Tips and Strategies。

Vocabulary is an essential component of language learning. It is the foundation that enables learners to communicate effectively and express themselves accurately. However, mastering vocabulary is not an easy task. It requires a lot of time, effort, and dedication. In this article, we will discuss some tips and strategies that can help learners improve their vocabulary.1. Read extensively。

Reading is one of the most effective ways to learn new words. It exposes learners to a wide range of vocabulary in context, which helps them understand how words are used and how they relate to each other. Reading also helps learners develop their comprehension skills and expand their knowledge of the world.To make the most of reading, learners should choose materials that are appropriate for their level and interests. They should also use a dictionary to look up unfamiliar words and try to use them in their own writing and speaking.2. Use flashcards。

Now in the University campus, is an eternal topic in English, never boring and never fade out of campus history stage! In the process of learning English, vocabulary learning is particularly important. Without a solid vocabulary skills, you want to improve your reading speed is nonsense. As the saying goes "readers have to the world!" The vocabulary of memory is a major difficulty for us, many people will be the case: see the word know how to read it and heard the can also be spelled out, just don't know what the meaning of this word. English vocabulary study can help us solve this problem. We are professional in the third years began to learn the vocabulary this course, contact the course before, I think, lexicology should mainly in this aspect of the teaching of the word roots and affixes and word formation knowledge, after the discovery of class, lexical content than I expected to much more abundant.Lexicology in this class, at the beginning, it is very attractive to me. Remember that the teacher asked us in class "word" the definition of a word, and then summed up four points: a minimal free from in a language, a sound unity, a unit of meaning, it can function a sentence.Word formation is undoubtedly a major focus of Lexicology and word formation can help us identify and understand English well, at the same time, can also increase our vocabulary in a short time, word-formation is an effective way to learn English.I have gained a lot from the vocabulary in the course of this semester, and the teacher's rich experience has made us understand the knowledge of vocabulary outside a lot of books.。

现代英语词汇学（课后总结中文）第一篇：现代英语词汇学(课后总结中文)第一章一个词可以被定义为一个基本单位的言论和作为一个最低的自由形式。

它是一个统一的声音和意义，帽子能够执行一个给定的句法功能，所有的话在一个语言的共同组成的词汇。

英语的历史发展表明，英语是一个沉重的借用者，它采用了几乎所有已知语言的词汇，尤其是拉丁语、法语和希腊语。

第一次世界大战的英语词汇¬拉里扩大的速度比以前快后渣土。

对了一天英语词汇快速增长的根本原因是科学技术进步的标志，社会经济、政治和文化的变化¬宝在英语母语国家的发生，和其他国家的语言和文化的强烈影响，由于在历史发展过程中出现大规模借贷，英语词汇极其丰富和异质。

词汇量从旧英语的50000个增加到了60000个，增加到了世界上最大的一百万个单词。

尽管外来词在本土词汇上占优势，但后者却是英语词汇中最熟悉、最有用的部分。

前者增加了灵活性和语言资源¬丰满。

英语词汇包含不同种类的词汇。

可根据不同的¬租金标准分类。

词汇可以根据其来源分类为母语反借词。

通过使用水平，词可以分为普通（或流行〉词文学的话口语词、俚语和术语。

一个词的状态不是固定不变的，而是不断变化的。

技术术语可能会很流行，而流行词可以用作专门术语。

一些俚语也成为常用词或俗语词可以分为实词和虚词前有独立的词汇意义，后者，在大多数情况下，没有词汇本身的含义，作为语法信号显示内容之间的连接词。

虚词比内容词少得多，但使用频率更高。

第二章词是由语素构成的，语素是英语最有意义的单位，既有音也有义。

一位是任何一个рЬешеMOR的变体形式。

语素111ay被归类为自由或束缚，自由语素是一个可以成为一个独立的COM¬完整的话语，而粘着语素不能单独存在；它必须出现至少一个其他语素自由或束缚。

语素可以分为根和根进行affixies，在аіягогсІ意义的重要组成部分，根可以免费或黏着语素自由根可以独立成为单词，并为语言的形成提供基础。