定语从句知识点总结精讲练习
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一.定语从句:定语从句是一种在句子中起修饰作用的从句,用于修饰一个名词或代词,就像一个形容词一样,让这个名词或代词的信息更加具体。
1. 基本结构---定语从句通常由关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(如when, where, why)引导。
例如:--- The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)其中,“that/which I bought yesterday”是定语从句,修饰先行词“the book”,“that/which”引导词,在从句中作宾语,指代“the book”。
2. 关系代词的用法--- who/whom:用于指人。
“who”在从句中做主语,“whom”作宾语。
---例如:The man who helped me is my teacher.(帮助我的那个人是我的老师。
)这里“who”在从句中做主语,不能省略;而在句子“The boy whom I met yesterday is my friend.”(我昨天遇到的那个男孩是我的朋友。
)中,“whom”作宾语,在口语中也可以用“who”来代替,并且可以省略。
--- whose:表示所属关系,意为“……的”,既可以指人也可以指物。
-例如:I know the girl whose mother is a doctor.(我认识那个女孩,她的妈妈是一名医生。
)“whose mother”在从句中做主语,修饰“the girl”;对于物,“The house whose windows are broken needs to berepaired.”(窗户破了的那所房子需要修理。
)--- which:用于指物,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
---例如:The movie which we watched last night was really exciting.(我们昨晚看的电影真的很刺激。
定语从句知识点总结精讲练习定语从句讲解(包含各种特殊情况对比,题目都是易错题)1)定语从句的基本概念:定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,起形容词作用,也称为形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟先行词。
定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词引导,关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分,并在含义上替代先行词。
The man is my cousin. He came to see me this morning.替换:The man who came to see me this morning is my cousin.先行词关系代词在定语中做主语,不可省略↖定语从句2)关系词:①关系代词(指人/指物/表所有格);A.指人的关系代词:who,做主语或宾语;whom,只做宾语;that,做主语或宾语(但指代人称并充当从句主语时,通常用who)He is a student. We should learn from him.替换:He is a student (who, whom, that) we should learn from.关系代词充当从句主语时,不能省略,充当宾语时,可以省略。
B.指物的关系代词:which,做主语或宾语;that,做主要或宾语;He sent me a present last night. The present is a mice watch.替换:The present (which, that) he sent me last night is a nice watch.关系代词充当从句主语时,不能省略,充当宾语时,可以省略。
C.表所有格的关系代替:指某人的或某物的:whose,做先行词的所有格Is there anyone? Her name is Linda.替换:Is there anyone whose name is Linda?①关系副词(时间/地点/原因)。
三大从句——定语从句句子的成分定语从句,在一个复合句中作定语修饰某一个名词或代词,因此被称作定语从句;又因作定语的往往是形容词,所以定语从句又称形容词性从句。
定语从句是指一类由关系词引导的从句,往往位于被它修饰的词或词组之后。
被定语从句修饰的词或词组称作“先行词”,引导定语从句的词称作“关系词”,“关系词”又分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。
·关系代词:that which who whom whose as·关系副词:when where why从句结构:从句是一个将关系词提前到句首的陈述句,即将关系词还原后变为一个完整的陈述句。
定语从句又分为“限制性定语从句”和“非限制性定语从句”,限制性定语从句起限定作用,修饰特定的名词或代词;而非限制性定语从句只起到补充说明某种信息的作用。
·限制性定语从句:从语义上看,限制性定语从句主要起限定作用,只能修饰名词或代词,如果删去限制性定语从句,整个句子表意会不完整甚至不通顺;从结构上看,限制性定语从句往往紧跟先行词,并且一般不用逗号隔开。
·非限制性定语从句:从语义上看,非限制性定语从句主要起补充说明的作用,可以修饰名词、代词、短语或句子,在句子中不充当成分,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
从结构上看,它与主句之间往往用逗号隔开;若将非限制性定语从句放在句中,其前后都需要用逗号分隔。
做题技巧:·判断句子是否为复合句(长难句分析课时内容)·判断从句是否充当定语,若是则下一步;否则判断是否为剩下两种从句·判断先行词是人还是物,抑或整个句子·确定先行词在从句中所作的成分·确定关系词,从句缺成分选关系代词(没有what!);反之选关系副词(没有how!)·关系代词关系代词所修饰的先行词在从句中充当的成分that人/物主语/宾语/表语which物/句子主语/宾语/表语who人主语/宾语/表语whom人宾语whose人/物定语(先行词的所有格)as人/物/句子主语/宾语/表语·关系副词关系副词所修饰的先行词在从句中充当的成分when时间时间状语where地点/抽象地点地点状语why reason原因状语注意事项(考点):·只能用that的情况(先行词具有唯一性,绝对性)①当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰,或先行词本身是形容词最高级或序数词时,只能用that②当先行词是指物的不定代词或被这些词所修饰时,只能用that③当先行词被the only,the very(正是,恰恰),the last,the same等含“唯一”意义的词修饰时,只能用that④当主句是以which,who引导的特殊疑问句或强调句型时,能用that时,为避免重复只能用that⑤当主句是there be或here be结构,且定语从句修饰指物的主语时,只能用that⑥当先行词既含有人也含有物时,只能用that⑦在双重限制性定语从句中,如果一个从句用who或者which引导时,为避免重复,另一个从句只能用that引导⑧当先行词指物且为主句的表语或关系代词是从句的表语时,常用that而不用which·只能用which的情况①当先行词指物且关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词在关系代词前时,只能用which,当介词和从句中的谓语构成固定的动词短语(如look after,look for,look forward to,take care of等)时,一般不能将其拆分开提前。
初三英语定语从句完整归纳讲解及练习定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词后二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法(一)限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
定语从句在句子中的功能类似于一个形容词用于修饰名词或代词,由于它是以句子为单位的超大号形容词(较长),所以一般放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面,而被修饰的名词或代词放在定语从句前,叫做先行词。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括:that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,在从句中做主、宾、表、定语等成分。
常见的关系副词包括:where,when,why等。
在从句中做时间、地点、原因等状语。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分.三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物.在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略.例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that)I put on the desk is blue。
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2。
which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket。
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which)we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
高一定语从句知识点的整理总结、专项训练题目知识点整理总结:定语从句是英语中常用的一种从句类型,用来修饰名词或代词,使语言更加精准和丰富。
以下是高一阶段定语从句的一些常见知识点总结:1. 定语从句的构成:- 引导词:关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)或关系副词(when, where, why)。
- 定语从句的位置可以是名词的前面或后面,具体取决于修饰的成分。
2. 关系代词的选择:- 指物时使用关系代词 that 或 which。
- 指人时使用关系代词 who 或 whom。
- 指物时使用关系代词 whose 表示所属关系。
3. 关系副词的使用:- where 表示地点。
- when 表示时间。
- why 表示原因。
4. 定语从句的省略:- 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语且不作介词宾语时,可以省略。
5. 定语从句的限制性和非限制性:- 限制性定语从句对所修饰的名词起限定作用,不可省略。
- 非限制性定语从句对所修饰的名词作补充说明,用逗号隔开,一般可省略。
专项训练题目:1. 下列句子中有定语从句的是:- A. The book on the table is mine.- B. This is the pen that I lost yesterday.- D. The boy is tall.2. 选择正确的关系代词填空:- The house _______ you bought is very beautiful.- A. where- B. that- C. who3. 选择正确的关系副词填空:- Do you remember the day ______ we went to the beach? - A. when- B. who- C. why4. 下列句子中哪个是限制性定语从句:- A. My brother, who is a doctor, lives in Paris.- B. The dog that I adopted is very friendly.- C. The house, where we spent our vacation, is now on sale.5. 填入合适的关系代词或关系副词:- This is the bus _______ I often take to work.- A. who- B. when- C. that作答:1. B2. B3. A4. B5. C以上是高一定语从句知识点的整理总结和专项训练题目。
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下,引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词:when,where,why在从句内作状语。
(一). 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物,可作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略。
(二). 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系,表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
定语从句一.定义:定语:定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任,修饰名词或代词。
定语从句:用来修饰主句中一个词或词组的句子,称为定语从句。
要素:先行词(主句中被修饰的词);关系代词∕副词(从句的引导词)考纲要求:对于定语从句要求掌握以下内容:1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别4.介词+关系代词用法5.不定代词∕数词+of which∕whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其结构与并列句的判断6.关系词间的转换及选用认识:Handsome boys = the boys who are handsomeBeautiful flowers = the flowers which are beautiful二. 限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句:这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,写时不可用逗号分开。
限制性定语从句常由that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why,as引导。
(一)关系词:关系代词和关系副词1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词:that, who, whom, which, whose用法:注意:(1). 限制性定语从句中只能用that不用which的情况:a.先行词为不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something , all, much, little, none, few, some 等不定代词修饰时用that。
He did everything that he could to help us.There is little that I can do for you.b.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时用that。
This is the best book that I’ve ever read.This is the first thing that I want to say.c.当先行词是one of, the one, 或者先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last, few, just等修饰时用that。
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下,引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词:when,where,why在从句内作状语。
(一). 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物,可作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略。
(二). 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系,表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
可编辑修改精选全文完整版中考定语从句讲解与练习一、定语从句的概述在复合句中修饰或限定名词、代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰或限定的名词、代词叫做先行词;引导定语从句的词叫做引导词。
定语从句放在所修饰、限定的词(先行词)之后。
例1:The boy who is reading a story book is my brother. 那个正在读一本故事书的男孩是我的兄弟。
在这句话中,who is reading a story book.是定语从句。
它修饰、限定the boy,the boy是先行词,引导定语从句的who是引导词。
二、定语从句的分类:定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面,用来说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况,与先行词的关系非常密切,翻译时一般要译到先行词的前面;如果去掉,则整个句子的意思含混不清。
A doctor is a person who looks after people's health. 医生是照顾人们健康的人。
2. 非限制性定语从句起到补充说明作用,译为汉语时常不译作定语,而是根据句意译为相应的其他形式的从句。
它与主句的关系不如限制性定语从句密切,只是对先行词作附加说明,既使去掉,主句的意思依然清楚。
非限制性定语从句前往往有逗号与主句隔开,如非限制性定语从句放在句子中间,其前后都需要用逗号与隔开。
Yesterday, Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed two years.昨天,吉米动身到加拿大去了,他曾在那儿呆了两年。
三、定语从句的引导词引导定语从句的词称为引导词,它一方面连接先行词和定语从句;别一方面又在定语从句中充当句子成份,引导词一般不能按照疑问代词或疑问副词的意义进行翻译,一般情况下应译为“……的”。
定语从句的引导词可为分为关系代词和关系副词。
定语从句精讲精练定语从句精讲精练——介词+关系代词引导的定语从句第一部分精讲——介词+关系代词引导的定语从句【知识点1】直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom,构成介词+which(指物);介词+whom(指人)两种结构。
【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.【例】The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.【知识点2】直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略,但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时,可省。
【例】The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.【例】The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.【例】It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.【例】The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.【知识点3】关系副词when, where, why 可以相应地转化为:介词+which 结构。
初中定语从句精讲+总结+考点+做题方法+习题含答案一、定语从句的定义:什么是定语从句?定语:起修饰限定作用的词或短语She is a clever girl.定语定语从句:起修饰限定作用的句子,翻译出来带有“的”。
eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.(定语从句)“互相紧挨着建立的”房子和街道二、定语从句的分类限制性定语从句:从句与主句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用eg: 1.This is the school (that/which)we visited last year.非限制性定语从句:从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用eg:The weather turned out to be very good ,which was more than we could expect.三、定语从句的构成(一)先行词:定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词(二)引导词:用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词(三)从句引导词后起修饰作用的句子eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 先行词引导词四、定语从句要点考点考点一:引导词(一)引导词构成关系代词:根据先行词指人还是指物选择关系代词要点:当先行词在从句中作宾语时可省略that(人、物)、which(物)、who(m)(人)引导词whose(...的)关系副词:when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)要点1:关系副词=介词+关系代词(在这种结构中,关系代词表示人,只能用whom ;关系代词表示物,只能用which )要点2:当先行词为case、position、point、situation、society、activity 等抽象意义的名词时,常用关系副词where引导定语从句.eg:He got himself into a dangerous situation where he may lose control of the plane .要点3:the way作先行词引导定从时,关系词可用in which/that/省略。
定语从句知识要点及练习定语从句知识要点及练习(⼀)定语从句在句中起定语作⽤,修饰某⼀名词或代词。
定语从句所修饰的词叫先⾏词,定语从句放在先关系代词的作⽤:1) 连接作⽤(引导定语从句,连接从句和主句)2) 替代作⽤(在从句中替代前⾯的先⾏词或整个句⼦)3) 成分作⽤(在从句中必须要担任⼀个成分)I.关系代词在定语从句中的具体⽤法1. who指⼈, 在从句中作主语(或宾语).The girl who took you to my place is my friend.2.whom指⼈, 在从句中作宾语.The young men whom/who he employs are always complaining about their long hours.3.whose表⽰所属关系, 指⼈或指物, 在从句中作定语.The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him.4.that指⼈或指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语.All the apples that fall down are eaten by the pigs.The young lady that wears a blue blouse is a singer.5.which指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语.The stairs which lead to the language lab are rather slippery.II.限制性和⾮限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先⾏词的关系是否紧密, 可分为限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句往往紧跟在先⾏词后,不使⽤逗号分开, 翻译成中⽂时, ⼀般把定语从句翻译在被修饰词(即先⾏词) 前⾯。
⽽⾮限制性定语从句,⼀般使⽤逗号隔开,可把定语从句翻译在被修饰词(即先⾏词) 前⾯, 也可以翻译在其后, 作为附加说明.有时, 对两者的理解还会产⽣歧义。
(完整版)定语从句全面详细讲解附练习题加答案定语从句详细讲解(一)定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
定语从句语法归纳及练习一、语法知识归纳一、基本概念(一)定语从句在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
(二)先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
一般情况下,定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
(三)关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。
与先行词关系密切,因此紧跟先行词,并在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词有:who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外,as也可充当关系代词。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
关系副词有:when, where和why。
在定语从句中充当状语。
二、关系代词的用法(一)基本用法根据先行词的不同,和在从句中所充当的成分不同,选用不同的关系代词。
例如:(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分)①Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? (作主语)②I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. (作主语)③The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. (作宾语)④This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. (作宾语)⑤The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. (作定语)注意:关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略,充当主语时则不能。
(见上例③④)(二)关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that 在代替物时,一般可以通用。
定语从句知识点总结精讲练习定语从句知识点总结精讲练习1)定语从句的基本概念:定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,起形容词作用,也称为形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟先行词。
定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词引导,关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分,并在含义上替代先行词。
The man is my cousin.He came to see me this morning.替换:The man who came to see me this morning is my cousin.先行词关系代词在定语中做主语,不可省略↖定语从句2)关系词:①关系代词(指人/指物/表所有格);A.指人的关系代词:who,做主语或宾语;whom,只做宾语;that,做主语或宾语(但指代人称并充当从句主语时,通常用who)He is a student.We should learn from him.替换:He is a student(who,whom,that)we should learn from.关系代词充当从句主语时,不能省略,充当宾语时,可以省略。
B.指物的关系代词:whh,做主语或宾语;that,做主要或宾语;He sent me a present last night.The present is a me watch.替换:The present(whh,that)he sent me last night is a ne watch.关系代词充当从句主语时,不能省略,充当宾语时,可以省略。
C.表所有格的关系代替:指某人的或某物的:whose,做先行词的所有格Is there anyone?Her name is Linda.替换:Is there anyone whose name is Linda?②关系副词(时间/地点/原因)。
A.where指地点,充当地点状语This is the place.We spent our childhood in that place.替换:This is the place(whh/that)we spend our childhood in.This is the place in whh we spent our childhood.This is the place where we spent our childhood.B.when指时间,充当时间状语He‟ll always remember the day.His grandma passed away on that day.替换:He‟ll always remember the day(whh/that)his grandma passed away on.He‟ll always remember the day on whh his grandma passed away.He‟ll always remember the day when his grandma passed away.C.why指原因,充当原因状语This is the reason.They were late for the meeting because of the reason.替换:This is the reason why they were late for the meeting.③准关系代词assuch……as引导定语从句……,so/such……that……如此……以致于……引导结果状语从句the sam e……as(相似物)/that(同一物)……This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.(相似物)This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.(同一物)as……as…….Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.(as在定语从句中做主语)I‟ve never seen such a clever man as he is.(as在定语从句中做表语)I like the same book as you do.(as在定语从句中做宾语)I shall do it in the same way as you did.(as在定语从句中做状语)He is as diligent a man as ever lived.(as在定语从句中做主语)先行词是一句话或一句话的一部分时,关系代词可用whh或as,但whh不能放句首,as可放在句首,句中,句末,有“正如”的意思As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.(as在定语从句中做主语)He came late again,whh made his teacher very angry.3)限定性与非限定性定语从句A)限制性定语从句:是用来限制所修饰对象的意义,不能被拿掉,如果拿掉,余下的部分的意义就会不清楚;The man who spoke at the parents‟meeting just now is John‟s father.B)非限制性定语从句:是对所修饰的词作进一步说明,仅起补充作用,拿掉他,其他部分仍然清楚。
非限制性定语从句通常与主句之间用“,”隔开,限制性定语从句与主句关系密切,不用“,”隔开。
John,whose father is a writer,works in Beijing.The book was written by Lu Xun,who was a great writer.4)注意要点A)只能用that,不能用whh(who):1、当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。
2、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing时(something用whh,that 都可以)。
3、当先行词被all,only,very,any,just,no,much等词修饰时。
4、当先行词既指人又指物时。
5、当句子中已有who指认时。
6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
B)不能用that1、非限制性定语从句2、在介词后面不能用thatC)先行词是place,time,reason1、当先行词是place(或其他表示地点的词)This is the famous place where(at whh)the king used to meet his ministers.This is the famous place whh/that/X we visited last year.注意:看先行词在从句中充当什么成分,充当状语用where,充当主语或宾语用whh2、当先行词是time(或其他表示时间的词)October 1 is the day when(on whh)the People‟s Republ of China was founded.I will never forget the days whh/that/X I spend with my students.3、当先行词是reasonThis is the reason why he was late this morning.This is the reason whh/that may explain his absence.D)介词+whh与where,when的转化;介词+whom;The hotel where they stayed the other day wasn‟t very clean.The hotel in whh they stayed the other day wasn‟t very clean.He will always remember the day when he broke the world record.He will always remember the day on whh he broke the world record.The woman to whom I spoke just now is my English teacher.The woman who(whom)I spoke to just now is my English teacher.E)有些介词短语有固定搭配意思的不能随意搬动The baby(who)my mother is looking after is my younger brother.F)the way作先行词,定语从句用that,in whh或省略。
That is the waythat/in whh/Xhe spoke.G)定语从句的谓语动词的用法I,who am your best friend,will do everything for you.Tom is one of the boy students in our class who are often late.Tom is the(only)one of the boy students in our class who is often late.H)定语从句中的插入语He is the teacher,who I think will be our class teacher next year.I think,everybody believes,I suppose等插入语,在考虑用什么关系代词和关系副词时,可暂时不看,以免受迷惑。
I)区分定语从句和并列句I have two uncles,both of whom are enneers.(非限制性定语从句)I have two uncles,and both of them are ennes.(并列句)J)区分定语从句和强调句K)修饰先行词each time,each day修饰先行词each time,each day,every time,every day,the firsttime,the minute,the moment,the second,the instant的方法如下:Each time(不需关系代词或关系副词)I saw him,he was hy.(定语从句/状语从句)L)whoever,whatever,whhever,whenever,whereverwhoever=anyone who=no matter whowhatever/whhever=anything that=no matter what(whh)whenever=in/on/at whatever time that=no matter whenwhenever=in/at/to whatever place that=no matter wherewhoever,whatever,whhever可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子whenever,wherever可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子中替代状语Whoever(no matter who)breaks the law,he must be punished.(状语从句) Whoever(anyone who)breaks the law must be punished.(主语从句)相当于定语从句We must punish whoever(anyone who)breaks the law.(宾语从句)相当于定语从句Wherever you want to go,you may go.(状语从句)You may go wherever(to whatever place that)you want to go.(状语从句)相当于定语从句练习题:1.Is there a bar aroundI can have something to eat?2.The house,was destroyed in the terrible fire,has been repaired.A.the roof of whhB.whh roofC.its roofD.the roof3.Edison made a lot of inventions,of great importance.A.whh I think areB.whh I think they areC.whh I think theyD.I think whh are4.I…ll ta lk about a newly-opened marketyou may get allyou need.A.in whh,whhB.where,thatC.where,whatD.whh,that5.Can you lend me the novelthe other day?A.that you talkedB.you talked about itC.whh you talked withD.you talked that6.is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.7.The fence in our garden,my father built many years ago,has lasted for a long time.8.When lost in work,he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping.9.A football fan(球迷)ishas a strong interest in football.10.We travelled together as far as Chago,we said goodbye to each other.11.The matteryou were arguing about last night has been settled.12.Will you please show me the way to the only tall buildingstands near the post offe?13.His sister had bee a teacherwas what he wanted to be.14.With the development of agrulture,the peoplevillage I taught before have lived ahy life.A.whoB.whoseC.in whoseD.in whh15.I hope you will find this valley a beautiful placeyou may spend your weekend.16.He must be from Afra,can be seen from his skin.17.Both the rl and her dogwere crossing the street were hit by a ing car.18.I,your friend,will try my best to help you out.A.whh areB.whh isC.who isD.who am19.Is this just the citythe foreign guests wish to pay a visit.A.whh,toB.to whh,/C.that,toD.to that,/20.It‟s one of the most interesting storiesI haveread.A.whh,neverB.that,everC.that,neverD.whh,ever21.On my way home in the street I saw a ladyI thought was your aunt.22.I remember thattook part in the ball party had a wonderful time.A.allB.all thatC.all whhD.all what23.This is the largest clock in the world,the minute hand is six metres long.24.China is the birthplace of kites,kite flying spread toJapan,Korea,Thailand andIndia.A.from thatB.from whereC.from thereD.from here25.is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth onceevery month.26.Whohas mon sense will do such a thing?27.All the lesfell down were eaten by the pigs.28.They asked him to tell them everythinghe saw at the front.29.I‟ll tell youhe told me last night.30.A childparents are dead is called an orphan.31.Is this museumyou visited the other day?A.thatB.whereC.in whhD.the one32.Is this the museumsome German friends visited last Wednesday?A.thatB.whereC.in whhD.the one33.–How do you like the book?--It‟s quite different fromI read last month.A.thatB.whhC.the oneD.the one what34.Whh sentence is wrong?A.The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.B.Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform.C.Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on thesame amount of land.D.People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.35.The trainshe was traveling was late.A.whhB.whereC.on whhD.in that36.He has lost the key to the drawerthe papers are kept.37.Antarctwe know very little is covered with thk e all the year around.A.whhB.whereC.thatD.about whh38.It‟s the third timelate this month.A.that you arrivedB.when you arrivedC.that you‟ve arrivedD.when you‟ve arrived39.He often helps the studentshe thinks are not quk at their studies.40.The Second Warmillions of people were killed ended in 1945.A.whenB.whhC.during whhD.on whh41.Mr.Crossett will never forget the dayshe spent with his various students.42.This is just the placeI am going to visit these years.A.thatB.whereC.in whhD.to where43.We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou,lived my grandparents andsome relatives.44.The hotelduring our holiday stands by the seaside.A.we stayed atB.where we stayed atC.we stayedD.in that we stayed45.I have bought the same dressshe is wearing.46.He is nota fool.A.such,as he is lookedB.such,as he looksC.as,as he is lookedD.so,as he looks47.Is that the reasonyou are in favor of the proposal?A.whhB.whatC.whyD.for that48.He has two sons,work as chemists.A.two of whomB.both of whomC.both of whhD.all of whom49.The buses,were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.most of thatB.whh mostC.most of whhD.that most50.My glasses,I was like blind man,fell to the ground and broke.51.,the pass was first made in China.A.It is know to allB.It is known thatC.We all knowD.As is known to all52.He is a man of great experience,much can be learned.A.whoB.thatC.from whhD.from whom53.It was such a serious mistake,caused by carelessness.A.whh I think wasB.whh I think it wasC.I think whh wasD.I think whh it was54.The general at last got a chance to visit the villagehe used to fight,he hadbeen dreaming of for years.A.that,whhB.where,thatC.in whh,whatD.where,whh55.I will hire the manthey say is a good English speaker.56.I gave him a warning,he turned a deaf ear.57.My father has made meI am.58.She is one of the few rls whopassed the examination.59.You may call on me from one to five o‟clock duringI am always at home.A.the timeB.what timeC.that timeD.whh time60.China is the birthplace of kites,kite flying(放风筝)spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.答案:1~5 DAABD 6~10 BBDCD 11~15 ACDCD 16~20 BDDCB 21~25 ABBBB 26~30DADDC 31~35 ADCAC 36~40 ADCBC 41~45 BADAB 46~50 BCBCC 51~55 DDADA 56~60 DCCDC。