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高中英语高考冲刺---猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧知识讲解及巩固练习题（含答案解析）题型介绍高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。
词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。
所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。
常见提问方式The underlined word“______”in the passage means______.What does“_______”in the third paragraph stand for?The word/phrase“________”most nearly means______.The word/phrase“______”could best be replaced by______.The word/phrase“______”in Line…,Para…refers to______.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”?What’s the meaning of“______”in Line…,Para…?The underlined sentence in the first/second...paragraph probably means that________.正确选项的特点【链接高清】1.对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。
2.对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。
干扰项的特点1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。
2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。
解题思路1.返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。
第14讲阅读理解词义猜测题（测）时间：45分钟满分：50分姓名__________ 得分________阅读理解(每题2分，共50分)A（2017·全国·高考真题）Julie boergers, Ph．D a sleep expert from the Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, recently led a study connecting later school start times to improved sleep and mood in teens．"Sleep deprivation is common among teenagers, with potentially serious impacts on mental and physical health, safety and learning.Early high school start times contribute to this problem，"said Boergers."In this study, we looked at whether a delay in school start time would change students' sleep patterns, sleepiness, mood and caffeine(咖啡因)use."Beorgers' team conducted the School Sleep Habits survey among boarding students attending an independent high school both before and after their school start time was experimentally delayed from 8 to 8:25 a.m.during the winter term.The delay in school start time led to a significant increase (29 minutes)in sleep duration on school nights, with the percentage of students receiving eight or more hours of sleep on a school night jumping from 18 to 44 percent The research found that younger students and those sleeping less at the start of the study were most likely to benefit from the timetable change.Daytime sleepiness, low mood and caffeine use were all significantly reduced after the delay in school start time.The later school start time had no effect on the number of hours students spent doing homework, playing sports or taking part in activities outside class. And once the earlier start time changed back during the spring term, teens reverted(恢复)back to their original levels.Beorgers said that these findings are important for public policy."The result of this study add to a growing body of research showing important health benefits of later school start times for adolescents, " she said, " and we have students who are more alert(机敏的), happier, better prepared to learn, and aren't dependent on caffeine and energy drinks just to stay awake in class."1．What does the underlined phrase "this problem" in Paragraph 2 refer to？A．Lack of sleep.B．Mental health.C．Students' safety.D．Taking energy drinks.2．What happened when school start time was delayed？A．Students had less time playing sports.B．Young students became sleepier.C．More students slept longer.D．Students got a bad mood.3．Why is the study of later school start time important__________A．It helps form good habits.B．It relates to what students learn.C．It increases students' learning interest.D．It may have an effect on a public policy.4．Where can we possibly read this type of article？A．A science journal.B．A history book.C．A fashion magazine.D．A school yearbook.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。
04.词句猜测题养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
【题型总览】【题型特征】词句猜测题它可以是对一个单词的意义的推断,也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断。
词句猜测题既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新义,还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
在阅读理解题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,而要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。
【设题趋势】词义类：(1)The underlined word/phrase...probably means/can be replaced by ______.(2)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word/phrase...?指代类：(1)What does the underlined word “this/that/it/they...” refer to? (2)The underlined part “this/that/it/they...” refers to ______.句意类：(1)The underlined sentence in the...paragraph probably means ______.(2)What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph...?1.正确选项(1)含义和其字面意思一般没有任何关系。
(2)上下文逻辑通顺。
(3)与原句意思最接近。
高考英语一轮复习阅读理解之词义猜测记住一点：就词猜词，必错无疑，一定要联系上下文知识点1：词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式The word “...” refers to/probably means ...The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by...What do you think the expression “...” stand for?By saying “...” we mean...“...” as used in the passage can best be defined as...Which is the following word can take the place of the word “...” ?知识点2：猜测词义的方法1.通过上下文猜测词义。
2.通过构词法猜测词义。
（1）转化：指词的形式不变而词性发生变化的一种构词法。
例题：nurse n.护士v.护理free adj.空闲的v.释放（2）合成：指由两个或两个以上的具有独立含义的单词组合成一个新的单词。
主要有合成动词、合成形容词、合成名词等等。
（3）派生：指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词。
知识点3：常见前后缀第 1 页共14 页第 2 页共14 页如：He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.根据词根conscious(清醒的，有意识的)，结合前缀semi(半，部分的，不完全的)，我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。
一、专题精讲关于猜测词义的阅读理解题型，重点考查的不是学生词汇量的多少，而是考查是否具有利用语境线索，推测和判断词义的能力。
解答这类试题最重要的方法，是理解含生词部分的上下文 (也就是常说的语境)来推测其意思。
2023届高考英语阅读技法讲义：词义猜测题精讲猜测词意题的出题形式基本上很固定，很多考生也都不会陌生一般来讲，高考阅读的猜测词意题也分两类。
1）给出一个词语要求选出这个词的同意替换，“The word "poached" (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means”。
2）给出一个短语或者词组要求选出同意替换。
“Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .”猜测词意题虽然出现的概率不高，单独某一篇文章里面出现这类题的概率较小，但在考试的四篇阅读里面，一定会有一道题。
并且，这种题的错误率还不低。
因为它不光考察考生的单词量，还考察了考生的推理能力，即通过文章上下文来猜测给出单词或词组意思。
但是这一类题的核心，归根结底也还是要找出同意替换。
那么，针对这类题，我总结出来了三种解题策略。
1、直接带入认识的/同词根词缀的单词不管题出的再花里胡哨，只要这单词认识，做起题来就轻松多了。
直接单词意思和选项进行对比得出答案。
比如这个题The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing这道题，考的就是homogenizing的意思，如果知道这个单词是“使...同质化”的意思，那就可以看选项，A选项中的identifying的意思是“确认、认出”，B选项“associating”的意思是“联合，联系”，C选项assimilating的意思是“同化”，D选项monopolizing则是“垄断，独占”。
选项看完之后直接选C。
易错点16 阅读理解词义猜测题目录01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点03 易错题通关养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。
【分析】这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。
平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。
【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。
有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。
易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。
【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。
同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。
切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。
【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【例1】（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit.What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean?A．A basic part.B．A detailed map.C．A building material.D．A major obstacle.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。
词义猜测题【复习目标】明确命题规律和提问方式掌握不同题型的解题方法熟练代词的含义【考情分析】近三年新高考阅读理解词义猜测题细目表【网络构建】命题规律：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型,可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。
在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。
平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。
题型和考查角度：1.猜测生词或熟词生义。
2.猜测短语的意义。
3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4.猜测句意。
命题方式：The phrase“...”in the sentence could be replaced by“”.The word“...”in the paragraph refer to“”.What is the meaning of the underlined word in the..paragraph?Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“...”?The word“...”most nearly means“”.The underlined sentence in the...paragraph implies that.解题技巧：1.定位文中画线处上下文。
2.理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。
选项特征：1.根据定义推测词义：有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is,or,namely,in other words,that is to say,to be more exact,to put it another way,which is等。
2.根据举例推测词义：有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。
考点14 阅读之词义猜测（解析版）【命题趋势】词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。
所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。
词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。
可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词。
只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。
当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！【重要考向】一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；考向一识别词义猜测题【典例】【2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?A. Improve.B. Oppose.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.【参考答案】词义猜测题。
根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。
我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。
故选C。
【词义猜测题型提分秘籍】了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式(1) 代词类猜词题The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to_______.The underlined word “it" in Para. 4 refers to _______.(2) 其他类猜测题What does the word X (in Paragraph X) mean?What does the underlined word X mean?What can we learn from the underlined sentence?The underlined word X probably means _______.考向二词义猜测题解题方法【典例】【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.C. Bring back lost memories.D. Stick to a promise.【参考答案】词句猜测题。
根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。
由此推知，划线词组take the plunge 与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。
故选A。
【词义猜测题提分秘籍】1. 代词类猜词题做题方法第一步：优先看划线句第二步：前指向性第三步：代词单复数线索2. 其他类猜词题做题方法根据构词法：通过转化、合成、词根词缀等词根词缀常见前缀：表否定dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等表其他的anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又),sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等常见后缀：表名词-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等表动词-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)表副词有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)表形容词-al，-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天气)(3) 因果法—— 根据因果关系常见表示因果的词汇：because, for, as, since, for the reason that, considering that(4) 并列法—— 根据并列顺承关系常见的并列词：and, as well as, not only…but also…, together/along with, when/while(5) 转折法——根据转折关系常见表示转折的词汇：while, not, but, however, yet, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of , in contrast, instead of, rather than【2022年全国乙卷C篇】That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.【参考答案】词义猜测题。
根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和C 项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。
故选C。
【2022年1月浙江卷A篇】Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.22.The word “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to_?A.make money.B.try various jobs.C.be close to nature.D.travel to different places.【参考答案】猜测词义题。
