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简单句的五种基本句型句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。
英语句子的构成有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型，就能写出完整、正确的句子。
英语句子虽然千变万化，但就一个简单句来说，其基本结构不外乎以下五种：1、主语+ 系动词+ 表语Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.主语系动词表语The city will become rich.主语系动词表语在这类结构中最常用的系动词是be, look（看起来），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（摸起来，感到），seem（似乎，好像），appear（显得，好像），remain （仍是），keep（保持），become（变得，成为），turn（变得，成为），get（变得），go（变得）等表示状态和变化的词，而充当表语的词语则有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语和非谓语动词等。
2、主语+ 谓语Building has started.主语谓语The train leaves at 7:40.主语谓语该句型中的谓语为不及物动词，其后不带宾语，但可以根据实际需要带上一个合适的状语，状语的位置可放在句首、句中或句尾，一般以句尾为多见。
谓语动词的前面根据需要还可加上适当的情态动词或助动词。
如果多个谓语动词并列，可用and, but等并列连词将它们连接起来。
在英语中，主语是动作的执行者，充当主语的词和结构有：名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式和从句等。
充当谓语的词只能是动词。
谓语动词在人称和数上须与主语保持一致。
3、主语+ 谓语+ 宾语The boss employed five more workers.主语谓语宾语Few students like taking exams.主语谓语宾语动词后接宾语时应该用及物动词，若动词不及物则须在动词后再加上合适的介词，如What are you looking for?在这类结构中，宾语是动作的承受者。
基础语法（句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句）一、句子成分概述（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）成分导图概览：【例句】主语：Two thirds of the water is absorbed.谓语：1、简单谓语：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：You may keep the book for two weeks.【注】由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。
如：We are students.表语：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）宾语：T hey went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语补足语：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）定语：G uilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）状语：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）【巩固训练一】一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（＝）、谓语（—）、宾语（～）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we haveto water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs alongchannels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语[ ]、补语< >：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Pleasegive my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：1. ____ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now2. The weather ____.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we7. He found the street much ______.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is9. The dog ____ mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where二、句子的种类（一）句子的分类导图【例句】判断下列句子所属：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in classHow clever the boy is!He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型及用法简介：英语基本句型有五个：S＋V，S＋V＋Cs，S＋V＋O，S＋V＋Oi＋Od，S＋V＋Od＋Co，其共有特征是主谓结构(S＋V)。
英语初高衔接课句子基本结构、句子成分（教师版）PresentationⅠ. 简单句（Simple sentence）:回忆简单句的五种基本句型Ⅱ. 并列句(Compound sentence)：什么叫并列句？学过的并列连词有哪些？1.定义：并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子，其结构为“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
常见的并列连词有and, but, or ,so, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…等e.g. 再试一次吧，或许你就能赢得去意大利的免费车票。
（用横线划出并列的句子及并列连词）我们邻近的电影院又小又旧，但是他们的却又大又现代。
（中译英）The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but theirs is big and modern.小心，否则你会打碎那个花瓶的！（中译英）Be careful, or you will break that vase!Jack在每门功课上都努力学习，因此他上学期获得了奖学金（scholarship）。
（中译英）Jack worked very hard at every subject, so he gained a scholarship last term.他不但认识她而且他们还是好朋友。
（中译英）Tom既不留长发，也不穿牛仔裤。
（中译英）2.知识拓展：用and、as well as、neither(nor)等并列连词连接并列句时，某些重复的成分常被省略。
e.g.I don’t know, nor does she (know).●不少并列连词具有对称性，这样的连词常见的有：and, not only…but also…, 利用连词的对称性，可以由连词一边的结构推断出另一边的结构。
e.g. Unfortunately, the rear（后面，后部）of my car was heavy because the engine was there and alsobecause there was a new weight-lifting set laid in the back seat, my car turned completely around on the slippery road.A woman in a night dress and a borrowed（借来的）man’s coat screamed when she saw me andcame (come) running madly. （14年高考一模语法填空题）Ⅲ. 复合句(Complex sentence)：什么叫复合句？你所学的复合句有哪些？宾语从句需要遵循什么样的时态及语序规则？1.定义：复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
编号1句子和句子成分编写人：刘德刚审稿人：张丽珍I. 课前自学一．自学材料简单句：只有一个主语和谓语动词的句子称为简单句。
简单句分五种基本句式和There be句式。
（说明：S=主语；V=谓语；P=表语；O=宾语；IO=间接宾语；DO=直接宾语；C=宾语补足语）Question: 你认为划分句子成分时，应首先找出什么成分(主语/谓语/宾语/定语/状语)?1. 主谓结构（S+V）(说明：此句式中V是不及物动词vi)Eg: The gas has given out.Plants grow well all the year round.Ex: 1) 他们听得很仔细。
_________________________________________2) 我的墨水用完了。
_____________________________________________2. 主系表结构（S+V+P）(说明：此句式中V是系动词link v.，常见的有: be, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, stand, become, turn等)Eg: He is older than he looks.He seems interested in the book.Ex: 完成句子：1) 刘谦是个魔术师。
Liu Qian _________ a music.2) 你长的比以前高了。
Y ou _______________ taller than before.3) 花闻起来香甜。
The flowers ____________ sweet and nice.3. 主谓宾结构（S+V+O）(说明：此句式中V是及物动词或短语，后面必须跟宾语)Eg: I saw a film yesterday. The man is looking for his own chair.Have you read the story.Ex: 汉译英：1) 他们在村里建了一座工厂。
初高中衔接讲义：简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old;She didn’t hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he?Is he six or seven years old? Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?Mary can swim, can’t she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys. Don’t talk in class注意下面句子的含义：Don’t you open the door!Everybody stand up! Nobody move! Somebody lend me a pen!比较：Everybody stood up when the teacher came inNobody moved when the police broke in.Somebody lent me a pen when my pen was missing.4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2)并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or, not only…but also…, neither…nor…,等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
高一英语初高中衔接练习英语句型结构与句子成分划分一、句子类型(1)、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）构成的句子。
1) 简单句的类别1.陈述句（肯定句、否定句）2.疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）3.祈使句4.感叹句（How + adj. ( +S + V) ! What + n. ( +S + V) !2) 简单句的基本词序主语谓语宾语状语I bought a hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently on the stage.(2)、并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由并列连词连在一起。
其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句1. I help him and he helps me .2. He failed many times but he wasn’t discouraged.3. We must hurry, or we shall miss the train.4. Not only did he write to us but also he came here yesterday.5. Either he didn’t speak clearly or I didn’t hear well.(3)、复合句：简单句中的某一个成分由一个句子来充当。
1.名词性丛句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句1) What he said just now is right.2) He said that he had seen the film.3) This is why he didn’t go to school.4) The news that he has passed the exam made me happy.引导名词性从句的连词有:that, which, if, whether, who, whom, whose, when ,how, where, why, ever.2.修饰性从句：定语从句1) The man who is standing there is White.2) The building which was built is a school. 3) This is the place where I lived.引导定语从句的连词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why.3. 副词性从句：状语从句(条件、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步状语从句）引导状语从句的连词有：when, while, as, as soon as, after, since, until, till, where, if, unless, because, in order that, so…that…, though, wherever,whenever, as …as, not so…as, than二. 句子成分划分<1> 句子成分的分类1.Subject (主语) The sun rises in the east.2.Predicate.（谓语）We study English.3. Object（宾语）We love China.4. Predictive（表语）We are Chinese.5.Attributive/Attribute（定语）This is a difficult problem.pletement(补语) We elected him monitor.7.Adverbial（状语）He runs fast.8.Appositive（同位语）This is Miss Zou, my teacher.9.Parenthesis（插入语）To be frank, I don’t agree with you.1. 主语:主语表示句子要说明的人或事物。
