Electronics Competence Centre

整车开发过程中的英⽂缩写-汽车⾏业的你⼀定要知道的⼩编整理的⼀份超级全⾯的整车开发过程中⽤到的英语，供⼤家参考整车开发通⽤英⽂缩写（按⾸字母排序）英⽂缩写英⽂全称中⽂含义（按⾸字母排序）100% Cal100% Calibration100%标定100% IVER 100% Integration Vehicle EngineeringRelease100%集成车⼯程发布100% PPAP All parts at full PPAP for Vehicle program为了整车项⽬，所有零件须完全通过PPAP100% SVER100% Structure Vehicle Engineering Release100%结构车⼯程发布65% Cal65% Calibration65%的动⼒总成标定80% Cal80% Calibration80%的动⼒总成标定8D8 Disciplines问题解决8步法A Alpha Alpha阶段（动⼒总成产品开发的⼀个阶段）A MRD Alpha Material Required Date Alpha样件需求⽇期A/T Automatic Transmission⾃动变速器A/T Automatic Transmission⾃动变速器AA Architecture Approval架构批准AAM Alliance of Automobile Manufactures汽车制造商联盟ABS Anti-lock Brake System or Anti-BlockSteering防抱死制动系统AC Architecture Confirmation架构确认ACE Assistant Chief Engineer总⼯助理ACT Activity⼯艺路线ACT BOM Assembly Component Tree BOM总成件树形BOMAD Alternatives Development主题开发ADV Analysis / Development / Validation分析/开发/验证ADV Analysis, Development and Validation分析，开发和认证AE Application Engineer应⽤⼯程师AE Application Engineer应⽤⼯程师AEM Assimilability evaluation method可装配性评估⽅法AFI Architecture Framing Initiation架构框架启动AIAC Automotive Industry Action Group美国汽车⼯业⾏动集团ALY Alloy铝合⾦AMT Automatic Machincal Transmission机械式⾃动变速器ANSI American National Standards Institute美国国家标准协会AP Advanced Purchasing提前采购AP Assembly Plant总装⼚APB Automotive Product Board汽车产品委员会APD Approved Product Description批准的产品描述APE Annual Program Execution年度项⽬执⾏APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太经济联盟APQP/CP Advanced Product Quality Planning andControl Plan先期产品质量规划和控制计划APSB Asia Pacific Strategy Board亚太战略委员会（通⽤汽车的⾼层管理组织）AR Appropriation Request项⽬预算ARC Architecture Refinement Complete架构优化完成ASB Automotive Strategy Board汽车战略委员会（通⽤汽车的⾼层管理组织）ASC经销商售后管理系统ASE Automotive Safety Engineering汽车安全⼯程ASE Aftersales Engineering售后⼯程ASN Advanced shipping notice发货通知单ASSI Architecture Statement of Strategic Intent战略意向的架构陈述Assy Check-in Assembly Line Check-in装配线进场启动现场安调Assy PPAP Assembly Line PPAP装配线通过PPAP Assy PPAP Assembly Line PPAP装配线通过PPAPAssy PPV Assembly Line Products and ProcessValidation装配线交付后的产品⼯艺验证Assy PPV Assembly Line Production and ProcessValidation装配线交付后产品⼯艺验证Assy Run-Off Assembly Line Run-Off装配线试装交样⽇期Assy Run-off Assembly Line RUN-Off装配线整线打通，启动试装，允许⼿⼯装配Assy Run-off MRD Assembly Line RUN-Off Material RequiedDate装配线ATC Auto Temperature Controller⾃动空调控制器ATF Automatic Transmission Fluid⾃动变速箱油ATT Attachment附件ATT Actual takt time实际单件⼯时AVD Advanced Vehicle Development先期车辆开发AVDC Advance Vehicle Development Center先期车辆开发中⼼AVD-LT Advanced Vehicle Development-LeadershipTeam前期整车开发-领导⼩组AVDP Advanced Vehicle Development Process(Time between DSI and VPI)先期车辆开发流程（在DSI与VPI之间）AVPM Advanced Vehicle Planning Manager先期车辆计划经理B Beta Beta阶段（动⼒总成产品开发的⼀个阶段）B Build制造B MRD Beta Material Required Date Beta样件需求⽇期B+U Building and Utility⼟建公⽤BAD Build Authorization Document试制授权⽂档BC Business Case业务计划BCM Body Control Module车⾝控制器BDC Body Distributon Central车辆调配中⼼BESC Base Engine Steering Committee发动机总成战略转向委员会BIQ Building in Quality制造质量BIR Prototype Build Issue Report试制问题报告BIR Build Issues Resolution试制问题BIR Build Incident Report装车问题报告BIR Bulding issue report造车问题报告BIW Body-In-White⽩车⾝BIW Body in White⽩车⾝BOD Bill of Design设计清单BOE Bill of Equipment设备清单BOM Bill of Material物料清单BOM Bill of Material物料清单BOM Bill of Material物料清单BOM Bill Of Material物料清单BOM Bill Of Material物料清单BOM Bill of Material物料清单BOP Bill of Process⼯艺清单BOP Bill Of Process⼯艺清单BP Break Point断点BPD Business Plant Deployment业务计划实施BPP Best people practices最佳⼈员准则BPR Business plan recompose业务流程重组BS Body Shop车⾝车间BSD Build Site Direction试制现场指导书BUFFER Buffer线边缓存区C/CAP Construction/Conversion and AccelerationPlan⼟建/改造和⽣产提速计划CAB Change Approval Board更改审批会CAC服务热线专员CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy公司平均油耗Cal Calibration动⼒总成标定CARE Customer acceptance review evaluation整车报交检查CARE Customer Acceptance & Review Evaluation⽤户接受度和审查评估CC Concept Confirmation验证概念CC Consolidation Center集散中⼼CC Confirmation Clinic确认临床Cert LSO Certification Lift Stop Order通过排放认证通知CET Cold Environment Test寒区试验CH Chassis Department底盘部CI Concept Initiation提出项⽬概念CIM Customer Interface Manager客户服务经理CIP Continue Improve Process持续改进CIP Continue Improve Process持续改进CIT Continuous Improvement Team不断改进⼩组CIT Compartment Integration Team车厢集成⼩组CMC Container Management Center空箱管理中⼼CME Change Management Engineer更改管理⼯程师Cmk N/A临界机器能⼒指数Cmk Capability Machine Index机器设备能⼒CMM三坐标测量C-NCAP China New CAR Assessment Process中国标准新车评估体系COC Centre of Competence能⼒中⼼COE Center of Expertise经验总结中⼼CP Control Plan控制计划CPIT Current Product Improvement Team现有产品改进⼩组Cpk Complex Process Capability过程能⼒指数Cpk Process Capability Index稳定过程的能⼒指数CPQE Current Product Quality Engineer现有产品质量⼯程师CPV Cost per Vehicle单车成本CR/DN Change Request / Decision Notice更改决议CR/DN Change Request/Decision Notice变更申请/决议通知CRB Change Review Board更改评审⼩组CS Contract Signing动⼒总成签署项⽬合同CS Contract Signing合同签订CS1Controled Shipping 1⼀级受控发运CS2Controled Shipping 2⼆级受控发运CSC Controls Steering Committee控制模块战略转向委员会CSI Customer Satisfaction Index⽤户满意度指标CSI Customer Satisfaction Index售后满意度CSN Current Sequence Number流⽔号CSO Contract Sign-Off合同签署CSO Contract Sign-Off (VDP)整车签署项⽬合同（VDP术语）CSO HC Contract Sign-Off Health Check合同签署健康检查CSO HC Contract Sign-Off Health Check合同签署健康检查CT Cycle Time制程周期CT Cycle time周期时间CT Creativity Teams创造性⼯作⼩组CT Critical Test关键试验CTS Component Technical Specification零部件技术标准CTT Common Timing Template标准2级进度模板CVER Concept Vehicle Engineering Release概念车⼯程发布CVER LL Concept Vehicle Engineering Release LongLead概念车⼯程发布－－长周期CVIS Completed Vehicle Inspection Standards整车检验标准CVQC Completed vehicle quality ceter整车质量中⼼CVQCB Completed vehicle quality ceter board整车质量⽬视板CVT Continuously Variable Transmission⽆级变速器D.Q.R合格率概况DAS Design & Analysis Section设计分析科DC Deliver Charter递交项⽬章程DCN Design Change Notice设计更改通知DCN Design Change Notice设计更改通知DCP Dimension Control Plan尺⼨控制计划DCS Design Concept Sheet概念设计表DCT Double Clutch Transmission双离合器变速箱DD Direct Delivery直接投线DDSP Driver Door Switch Pack驾驶席门控开关DEI Die Engineering Integration模具⼯程集成DFA Design for Assembly装配⼯艺性设计DFM Design for Manufacturability制造⼯艺性设计DFMEA Design failure mode and effects analysis设计失效模式和效果分析DFMEA Design FMEA设计失效模式分析DIFF Differential差速器DL 3b Design Level 3b设计阶段3bDMS Dealer Manage System经销商管理系统DOL Dealer On Line经销商在线系统DP Demand Plan需求计划DPV Defects per vehicle单车缺陷数DPV Defect per Vehicle单车缺陷数DQ&V Design Quality & Validation设计质量和验证DR Direct run直接通过率DRC Design Review Committee设计评审委员会DRE Design Responsible Engineer设计和发布⼯程师DRE Design Release Engineer设计发布⼯程师DRE Design release engineer设计发布⼯程师DRL Direct run loss直接通过损失率Drop Off Drop Off停产DS44HIGH SPEED DURABILITY TEST⾼速耐久试验（MGRES 标准）DSG Direct shift gearbox双离合器变速箱DSI Document of Strategic Intent战略意向书DSM Driver Seat Module驾驶席座椅控制模块DSO Design Sign Off设计签署DTA Design Theme Alternatives设计主题选项DTC Diagnostic Trouble Code诊断故障码DV Design Validation设计验证DV Design Validation产品设计验证DVP Design Validation Plan设计验证计划DVT Dynamic vehicle test整车综合动态测试E/T/C Engine/Transmission/Controller发动机/变速器/控制模块EBA Emergency Brake Assistant紧急制动辅助系统EBD Electronical Brake Distribute电⼦制动⼒分配系统EBOM Engineering BOM⼯程BOMEC Embedded Controller控制模块ECC ERP Central Component ERP核⼼组建ECR Engineering Change Request⼯程更改请求ECR Engineering Change Request⼯程更改请求ECR Engineering Change Request⼯程更改申请ECR Engineering Change Request⼯程项⽬变更申请ECS Engineering Change Summary⼯程变更摘要ECT Emission Control System电⼦控制⾃动变速器EDS Electronic Data Systems电⼦数据系统EEVC European Enhanced Vehicle-SafetyCommittee欧洲提⾼车辆安全性委员会EFEO Emissions & Fuel Economy排放和燃料经济EGM Engineering Group Manager产品⼯程⼩组经理EI&S Electronics Integration & Software电器零件集成和软件ELV End of life vehicle整车寿命结束EMlS Emission排放EMS Engine Management System发动机管理系统ENB Build-Test Section试制试验科E-NCAP Euro New Car Assessment Process欧洲标准新车评估体系ENG Engineer⼯程师EOA End of Acceleration⽣产提速的完成EOLT End of Line Test⽣产线试验结束EP Engineering Prototype⼯程样车（件）EPA Environmental Protection Agency环境保护厅EPC Engineering Program Committee⼯程项⽬委员会EPN Engineering Project Number⼯程项⽬数⽬ERD Early Requirement Document早期的要求⽂件ESB European Strategy Board欧洲战略委员会（通⽤汽车的⾼层管理组织）ESO Engineering Sign Off发动机整机⼯程签署ESO Engineering Sign Off⼯程签署ESO Engineering Sign-off⼯程签署ET Engineering Technology⼯程技术EV Engineering Vehicle⼯程样车EWO Engineering Work Order⼯程⼯作指令EWO Engineering Work Order⼯程更改号EWO Engineering workorder⼯程更改流程Exp Cal Experimental Calibration尝试性标定FA Final Approval批准正式⽣产FAC集团销售经理FATG Final Approval to Grain⽣产最终批准FBIW First Body in White Complete第⼀轮⽩车⾝完成FE Functional Evaluation功能评估FE LSO Fuel Economy Label Lift Stop Order通过油耗认证的通知FIVC First Integration Vehicle Complete第1辆集成车制造完毕FIVC First Integration Vehicle Complete第⼀轮集成车完成FLO Factory Layout⼯⼚布局FM功能尺⼨FM Finance Manager财务经理FMC First Mule Complete第⼀轮骡⼦车完成FMC区域售后⽀持FMEA Failure model effectiveness analysis失效模式分析FMEA Failure model effectiveness analysis失效模式分析FMEA Failure Mode and Effects Analysis潜在失效模式及后果分析FMEA Failure mode and effects analysis失效模式和后果分析FMEA Failure Mode and Effect Analysis失效模式和影响分析FMS Flexible manufacturing systems柔性制造系统FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards联邦汽车安全标准FPPV BIW First Product/Process Body in WhiteComplete第⼀轮产品/⼯艺⽩车⾝完成FPPVC First Product/Process Validation VehicleComplete第⼀轮产品/⼯艺验证车辆完成FPS Fixed Point Stop固定停⽌位置FTC First Time Capability⾸次能⼒FTP/FTQ First time pass/quality⼀次通过合格率FTQ First time quality下线合格率FWD Four Wheel Drive四轮驱动G Gamma Gamma阶段（动⼒总成产品开发的⼀个阶段）G MRD Gamma Material Required Date Gamma样件需求⽇期G/L Group leader⼯段长GA General Assembly总装GA General Assembly总装GADT Global Architecture Development Team全球架构开发⼩组GBOM Global Bill of Material全球物料清单GMNA General Motors North America通⽤汽车北美分部GMPT General Motors Powertrain通⽤汽车动⼒总成分部GPDC Global Product Development Council全球产品开发理事会GPDP Global Powertrain Development Process全球动⼒总成开发流程GPDS Global Product Description System全球产品管理系统GSD Global Segment Director全球细分主管GSS Global Sales and Service全球销售和服务GVDP Global Vehicle Development Process全球整车开发流程GVDP Global Vehicle Development Process整车开发流程GVDP Global Vehicle Development Process整车开发流程GVDP Global Vehicle Development Process全球汽车开发流程GVDP Global Vehicle Development Process全球整车开发流程GVDP Global Vehicle Development Process整车开发流程GVLE Global Vehicle Line Executive整车平台执⾏GVW Gross Vehicle Weight车辆总重GW Gateway⽹关HET Hot Environment Test热带试验HRC Hardware Release Center硬件发布中⼼ICD Interface Control Document接⼝控制⽂件IDR Initial Data Release初始数据发布IDSR Integration Driven Subsystem Requirement集成驱动⼦系统要求ILP Inbound Logistic Planning⼊⼚物流规划IMES Integration Manufacturing Executive System⽣产执⾏系统Initial Cal Initial Calibration初始标定IOM Inspection operator method检验操作⽅法IOS Inspection operator summary检验操作概要IPPE integrated Product and Process Engineering集成产品与⼯艺⼯程IPTV Incident per Thousand Vehicles每千辆车的故障率IPTV Incidents Per Thousand Vehicles每⼀千台车事故率IPTV Incidents Per Thousand Vehicles每千辆车的故障率IPTV Incidents Per Thousand Vehicles千辆车故障率IR Incident Report事故报告IRP Issue Resolution Process问题解决流程IRR Internal Rate of Return内含报酬率ISO International Standard Organization国际标准化组织IV Integration Vehicle集成车IV MRD Integration Vehicle Material Required Date集成车的物料需求⽇期IVBR Integration Vehicle Build Readiness Review集成车制造准备评审IVER Integration Vehicle Engineering Release集成车⼯程发布JIS Just In Sequence排序供货JIS Just In Sort供应商排序供货⽅式JIS Job Instruction Sheet岗位指导书JIT Just In Time及时供货JIT Just In Time供应商及时供货⽅式JPH Job per Hour⽣产节拍JRS Joint Ride Session联合评审JSC⽣产采购委员会JSC-GP Joint Sourcing Committee - General purchase联合采购委员会-⼀般采购Kcc Key Control Characteristic关键过程控制特性KCC Key Control Character关键控制特性KCDS Key Characteristic Designation System产品关键特性定义系统KO Kick-Off启动Kpc Key Product Characteristic关键产品特性KPC Key Product Characteristic关键产品特性KPC Key product characteristic主要产品特性KPC Key product characteristic主要产品特性KPC Key process control关键过程控制KPC Key process control关键过程控制LAAMSB Latin America, Africa, Middle East StrategyBoard通⽤的拉美，⾮洲，中东战略委员会LCL Lower Control Limit管制下限LCS Logistic Confirmation Sheet物流确认单LL Learning Loop学习周期LL Long Lead长周期LLPR Long Lead Production Release长周期的产品发布LM Launch Manager启动经理LOU Line of Usage BOM整车BOM⾏LSL Lower Specification Limit规格下限LSP Lean sales and marketing prograne精宜营销LTR Launch Team Release启动⼩组释放LWO Logistic Work Order物流属性更改号M+E Machine & Equipment机器设备MAC区域经理MBOM Manufacturing BOM制造BOMMDS Materiel Data Sheet物料数据单ME Manufacture Engineer样车试制⼯程师或⽣产线制造⼯程师ME Machine and Electronic电器设备ME Manufacturing Engineering制造⼯程ME Manufacturing Engineering制造⼯程MEC区域市场⽀持MEIS Manufacturing Engineering Info System制造⼯程信息系统MES Manufacturing Execution System制造执⾏系统MES Manufacturing Execution System制造执⾏系统MFG Site Dec Manufacturing Site Decision确定⽣产⼚址MIC Marketing Information Center市场信息中⼼MILKRUN Milkrun循环取货MKT Marketing营销MMR Manufacturable Math Release制造数模发布MO Manufacturing Operations⽣产管理部门MP OTS 100%100% Made Parts in OTS100%⾃制件达到OTS状态MP OTS 100％100％ Made Parts in OTS100%⾃制件达到OTS状态MP PPAP Made Parts PPAP⾃制件通过PPAPMP PPAP Made Parts PPAP⾃制件通过PPAPMP PPV Made Parts Production and ProcessValidation⾃制件⽣产线交付后的产品⼯艺验证MP PPV Made Parts Production and ProcessValidation⾃制件⽣产线交付后的产品⼯艺验证MPS Master Planning System主计划系统MPV Multi-Purpose Vehicle多⽤途轿车MR Manufacturing Requirements制造要求MRD Material Required Date交样⽇期MRD Material Requirement Date物料需求⽇期MRD Material Required Date (for physical builds)物料需求⽇期（⽤于制造样机）MRD Math Required Date (for virtual builds)数模需求⽇期（⽤于虚拟制造）MRE Manufacturing Responsible Engineer制造⼯程师MS Manufacturing Studies制造车间MSA Measurement System Analysis测量系统分析⼿册MSA Measurement System Analysis测量系统分析MSA Measure System Analyse测量系统分析MSA Measurement system analysis测量系统分析MSS Market Segment Specification市场细分规范MSS区域销售⽀持MSS Market Segment Specification市场分割规范MT Manual Transmission⼿动变速箱MT&E Machines, Tools and Equipment机床，⼯装和设备MTS Manufacturing Technical Specification制造技术标准MVB Manufacturing Validation Build⽤于认证制造⼯艺的整车制造MVB Manufacturing Validation Build制造验证造车MVB (ns)Manufacturing Validation Build (nonsaleable)⽤于认证制造⼯艺的整车制造（不可销售的）MVB (s)Manufacturing Validation Build (saleable)⽤于认证制造⼯艺的整车制造（可销售的）MVBns Manufacturing Validation Build Non-Salable⾮销售制造验证造车MVBs Manufacturing Validation Build Salable销售制造验证造车MVSS Motor Vehicle Safety Standards汽车安全标准MWO Manufacture Work Order制造属性更改号MY Model Year年度款MYM Model Year Manager车型年经理NAO North American Operations通⽤的北美分部NEO New Employee Orientation新员⼯培训NOA Notice of Authorization授权书NOD Notice of Decision决议NOD Notice of Decision决议通知NPV Net Present Value净现值NRD Normal Road⼀般公路NSB North American Strategy Board通⽤的北美传略委员会（通⽤的⾼层管理组织）OBD On Board Diagnostics车载诊断系统OEM Original Equipment manufacturers原始设备制造商（主机⼚）OEM Run-Off Original Equipment Manufacturer Run-Off零件供应商⼯装设备具备试⽣产条件OEM Run-off Original Equipment Manufacturer Run-off零件供应商⼯装设备具备试⽣产条件OJT On Job Training在岗培训OPO Office of Product Operations产品⾼层管理组织ORS Occupant Restraint System乘员约束系统OT Overtime加班OTD Order to Delivery订单到货时间OTP On Time Performance及时性能OTS装车评审OTS Off-tool Sample⼯装样件OTS Off-tool Sample⼯装样件OTS Off-tool Sample⼯装样件OTS OFF-TOOL-SAMPLE⼯装样件OTS QV OTS Quality Valve OTS质量阀OTS交付状态满⾜质保的开阀要求OTS QV OTS Quality Valve OTS质量阀，OTS交付状态满⾜质保的开阀要求OTS TG2Off Tooling Samples Tooling Go Level 2OTS设计达到TG2阶段，发布图纸⽤于供应商启动⼯装和设备投⼊OTS TGL2Off Tooling Samples Tooling Go Level 2OTS设计达到TG2阶段P Pilot批量试⽣产P Pilot⼩批量⽣产PA Production Approval批准正式⽣产PA Program Administrator项⽬管理专员PaC Physical Alpha for Customer提交客户的Alpha样机PACK Packaging包装规划PAD Product Assembly Documentation产品装配⽂件PAM Product Assemble Manual样车装配指南PAM Product Assemble Manual产品装配⼿册PAPIR Product and Process Integration Review产品和⼯艺集成会议PAS Packaging Approval Sheet包装确认单PAS Parking Aid System泊车辅助系统PAS Parking Aid System泊车辅助系统PbC Physical Beta for Customer提交客户的Beta样机PBS Painted Body Store油漆车⾝存储区PC Deliver Pilot to Customer向客户提交Pilot产品PC Pullcord拉环PC Problem Communication问题信息PC&L Production Control and Logistics PC&L部门（GM的⼀个部门）PCL Production Control Manager⽣产控制与⽀持PCM Powertrain Control Module动⼒总成控制模块PCM Process Control Manager⼯艺控制负责⼈PCN Project Cost Change Notice项⽬更改通知单PCN Project Costbook Change Notice项⽬Costbook更改通知单PCR Problem communication report问题交流报告PCR Problem communication report问题交流报告PCR Problem Communication Report问题交流报告PCR Problem Communication Report问题交流报告PDC Parking Distance Control泊车距离控制PDC Parking Distance Control泊车距离控制PDCA Plan、Do、Check、Action计划、实施、检查、⾏动PDCA Plan-Do-Check-Action计划,实施,检查,⾏动PDI Product delivery inspection产品交付检查PDI Preliminary Data Indicator初步数据指⽰器PDI Pre-delivery Inspection车辆⾏运“零公⾥”检查报告PDS Product Data Structure 产品数据结构，在SCM中⽤到的数据对象，集成了BOM、⼯艺和⼯⼚布局信息PDT Product Development Team产品开发组PDT Product Development Team产品开发⼩组PDT Product Development Team产品开发⼩组PDT Product Development Team产品开发⼩组PDT Product Development Team产品开发⼩组PE Product Engineering产品⼯程PET Program Executive Team项⽬执⾏⼩组PET Program Execution Team项⽬组PET Program Execution Team项⽬执⾏⼩组PFI Program Framing Initiated项⽬框架启动PFMEA Process failure mode and effectsanalysis过程失效模式和后果分析PFMEA Process FMEA⼯艺失效模式分析PFMEA Process failure mode & effects analysis过程失效模式分析PFSE Product Focus Systems Engineer产品系统⼯程师PG3Powertrain Gateway关键⾥程碑节点PgC Physical Gamma for Customer向客户发运Gamma样机PGM Program Management / Project Management项⽬管理PGM Program Management项⽬管理PGM Program Management项⽬管理Pilot Pilot试⽣产Pilot Pilot试⽣产Pilot QV Pilot Quality Valve试⽣产质量阀满⾜启动试⽣产的开阀要球Pilot MRD Pilot Material Requied Date Pilot交样⽇期Pilot MRD Pilot Material Required Date Pilot的物料需求⽇期Pilot QV Pilot Quality Valve试⽣产质量阀满⾜启动试⽣产的开阀要求PIM Powertrain Interface Manager动⼒总成接⼝经理PLM Production Launch Manager⽣产启动经理PLP单车利润表PM Programme Manager项⽬⼯程经理PM Program Manager项⽬经理PM Program Manager项⽬经理PM Plan maintain计划维护PM Prevention Maintenance预防性维护PM Program Manager项⽬经理PMO Program Management Office项⽬管理办公室（通⽤的⼀个部门）PMP常规尺⼨PMT Product Management Team产品管理⼩组PN Part NO.零件号PP Pre-pilot前期试⽣产PP Pre-Pilot预试⽣产PP Pre-pilot试⽣产P-P Pre-Pilot试⽣产PP PPAP Purchased Parts Production Parts ApprovalProcess外购件完成⽣产件批准程序PP Appr.Purchased Parts Approved外购件批准SQE开具⼊库许可单PP ESO Purchased Parts Engineering Sign Off外购件⼯程签署，完成OTS认可/阶段认可PP OTS 100％100％ Purchased Parts in OTS外购件的OTS交样率达到100％PP OTS 80%80% Purchased Parts in OTS外购件的OTS交样率达到80%PP OTS 80％80％ Purchased Parts in OTS外购件的OTS交样率达到80％PP PPAP Purchased Parts PPAP外购件完成PPAPPPA Product Planning Approval产品规划批准PPAP Production Parts Approval Process⽣产件批准程序PPAP Production Part Approval Process⽣产零部件批准程序PPAP Production Part Approval Process⽣产件批准程序PPAP Production Part Approval Process⽣产件批准程序PPAP Production Parts Approval Process⽣产件批准程序PPAP Production Part Approval Process⽣产件批准流程PPAP PPAP Production Part Approval Process产品零部件批准流程PPAP Production Part Approval Process⽣产零部件批准程序PPC Deliver Pre-Pilot to Customer向客户发运Pre-pilot动⼒总成PPC Product Program Content项⽬任务书。

2006年中欧预录--欧洲公司名录航天航空领域 (10)723 ACATIVE SPACE TECHNOLOGIES 国家：葡萄牙 (10)864 ADR SA 国家：法国 (10)1104 AEROLITE MAX BUCHER AG 国家：瑞士 (11)1569 AIR 国家：法国INDUSTRIES 国家：法国 (11)1746 AIRBUS 国家：法国 (11)1699 AIRBUS DEUTSCHLAND 国家：德国 (11)1698 AIRBUS SAS 国家：法国 (11)1948 AL CATEL ALENIA SPACE 国家：法国 (11)38672 AL CATEL ALENIA SPACE ITALIA S.P.A. 国家：意大利 (11)1960 ALCATEL ALENIA SPACE ITAL Y 国家：意大利 (11)2029 ALCATEL SPACE 国家：法国 (11)37813 ALCATEL SPACE 国家：荷兰 (11)247 ALTRA INDUSTRIAL MOTION INC 国家：法国 (11)2746 ANA AEROPORTOS DE PORTUGAL 国家：葡萄牙 (11)3617 ASSOXIATION DU TECHNOPOLE DU MADRILLET 国家：法国 (11)3664 ASSYSTEM 国家：法国 (11)3987 ATMEL NANTES SA 国家：法国 (11)38700 AUBERT — DUV AL 国家：法国 (11)4335 AUXITROL 国家：法国 (12)5272 BODYCOTE MA TERIALS ENGINEERING DIVISION 国家：英国 (12)38743 LCIE 国家：法国 (12)5899 BUREAU VERITUS QUALITY INTERNA TIONAL HOLDING SA 英国 (12)6058 C.A.E.N. AEROSPACE 国家：意大利 (12)6269 CAPITAL A VIATION SERVICES LTD 国家：英国 (12)38719 CBAFLEXBALL 国家：法国 (12)7032 CEBANOR-SOTRABAN 国家：法国 (12)7166 CENAERO 国家：比利时 (12)7944 CIRAITALIAN AEROSPACE RESEARCH CENTER 国家：意大利 (12)36270 CLUSTER W ALLONIE ESPACE 国家：比利时 (13)37785 CNES 国家：法国 (13)8340 CODECHAMP 国家：法国 (13)8672 COMPOSYSTEM 国家：西班牙 (13)9576 CYBEL 国家：法国 (13)38851 DAHER INTERNA TIONAL 国家：法国 (13)9683 DAHER LHOTELLIER CSI 国家：法国 (13)9808 DART A VIATION 国家:法国 (13)10128 DEFONTAINE 国家：法国 (13)10595 DIEHL — EAGLE PICHER GMBH 国家：德国 (13)38153 EADS ASTRIUM 国家：法国 (13)38679 EADS ASTRIUM 国家：法国 (13)38735 EADS ASTRIUM 国家：德国 (14)37882 EADS ASTRIUM GMBH 国家：德国 (14)11273 国家：德国 (14)12452 ERA TECHNOLOGY LTD 国家：英国 (14)38805 ESA 欧洲空间局国家：法国 (14)38257 EUROCONTROL S.P.A. 国家：法国 (14)13433 E-VOLUZIONE DI F M SACERDOTI SRL 国家：意大利 (14)14890 GALILEO A VIONICA 国家：意大利 (14)15990 GRUPPO VITROCISET SPA 国家：意大利 (14)38808 GSE 国家：法国 (14)16018 GTD SISTEMAS DE INFORMACION 国家：西班牙 (14)17801 IN LHC 国家：法国 (15)38293 INTECS HRT SPA 国家：意大利 (15)18365 INVEST IN BA V ARIA/GERMANY 国家：德国 (15)19512 KONGSBERG DEFENCE — AEROSPACE 国家：挪威 (15)4847 LATECIS 国家：法国 (15)19981 LATELEC 国家：法国 (15)20187 LETELEC 国家：丹麦 (15)37021 LH A VIATION 国家：法国 (15)20654 LSE SPACE ENGINEERING AND OPERA TIONS AG 国家：德国 (15)37857 MAN TECHNOLOGIE AG 国家：德国 (16)21581 MCB INDUSTRIE 国家：法国 (16)21815 MEGGITT PLC-DUNLOP BESTOBELL 国家：英国 (16)22356 MIER COMUNICACIONES SA 国家：西班牙 (16)22565 MODULIGHT INC 国家：芬兰 (16)23116 NDT EXPERT 国家：法国 (16)24035 ONERA 国家：法国 (16)24082 OPF 国家：法国 (16)37316 PERMASW AGE 国家：法国 (16)25012 PINETTE EMIDECAU INDUSTRIES PEI 国家：法国 (16)25090 PLASTIC OMNIUM-SIGMATECH 国家：法国 (17)25103 PLASTIC OMNIUM -3P 国家：法国 (17)25121 PLASTIREMO 国家：法国 (17)37816 PROSPACE 国家：法国 (17)27081 ROLLS ROYCE 国家：英国 (17)27453 SAAB AEROSTRUCTURES 国家：瑞典： (17)27499 SABCA 国家：比利时 (17)27575 SAFRAN 国家：法国 (17)27741 SAINT GOBAIN SULL Y 国家：法国 (17)38725 SAINT-GOBAIN SULLY 国家：中国 (17)27927 SAS FLIGHT ACADEMY 国家：瑞典 (17)27989 SATL YNX SA 国家：卢森堡 (17)28152 SCHMITTER 国家：法国国家：法国 (17)28201 SCHROTH SAFETY PRODUCTS GMBH 国家：德国 (17)28504 SELCO SELEM EURINTEL 国家：法国 (18)28607 SENER INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS SA 国家：西班牙 (18)28765 SERRA AERONAUTICS 国家：西班牙 (18)30467 SONAMIA 国家：法国 (18)31540 SYDERAL SA 国家：瑞士 (18)37047 TELEFLEX AEROSAPCE 国家：法国 (18)32967 THE WELDING INSTITUTE-TWI LTD 国家：英国 (18)32990 THERMI L YON 国家：法国 (18)33237 TIETRONIX OPTICS SAS 国家：法国 (18)33792 TTI-TECNOLOGIAS DE TELECOMUNICACIONE DE INFORMACION 国家：西班牙 (18)33482 TURBOMECA 国家：法国 (18)34023 ULTRA RS 国家：法国 (18)38462 WIM 国家：法国 (18)225 XPERION 国家：法国 (18)38078 YUZHNOYE STA TE DESIGN OFFICE 国家：乌克兰 (19)汽车及零配件 (19)583 ACEA the European Automobile Manufacturing Association 比利时 (19)723 Active Space Technologies 国家：葡萄牙 (19)2236 ALLEVARD REJNA Autosuspensions 国家：法国 (19)2789 ANDRE LAUTENT 国家：法国 (19)3617 ASSOCIATION DU TECHNOPOLE DU MADRILLET 国家：法国 (19)3664 ASSYSTEM 国家：法国 (19)3987 ATMEL NANTES SA 国家：法国 (19)38700 AUBERT & DUV AL 国家：法国 (19)4197 AUTOBOURGOGNE 国家：法国 (19)4266 AUTOMOBILES LIGIER 国家：法国 (19)4307 AUTOMOTIVE SWEDEN 国家：瑞典 (19)38789 Autostar 国家：南非 (20)5272 BODYCOTE MATERIALS ENGINEERING DIVISION 国家：英国 (20)38743 LCIE 国家：法国 (20)38719 CBAFLEXBALL 国家：法国 (20)7032 CEBANOR-SOTRABAN 国家：法国 (20)9576 CYBEL 国家：法国 (20)38851 DAHER INTERNA TIONAL 国家：法国 (20)9683 DAHER LHOTELLIER CSI 国家：法国 (20)10122 DEFICAR 国家：法国 (20)10128 DEFONTAINE 国家：法国 (20)10856 DOGA 国家：西班牙 (20)11155 DURBAN AUTOMOTIVE CLUSTER 国家：南非 (20)11273 EADS ASTRIUM GMBH 国家：德国 (21)37882 EADS Astrium 国家：德国 (21)38740 EMC (Européenne de Matériaux Composites) 国家：法国 (21)38757 ENERGY PLAST SAS 国家：法国 (21)12626 ESI GROUP 国家：法国 (21)12633 ESIC SN 国家：法国 (21)13037 EUCAR-European Counsil for Automotive R&D 国家：比利时 (21)38255 EURALTECH 国家：法国 (21)13433 E-VOLUZIONE DI F M SACERDOTI SRL 国家：意大利 (21)13657 FANTON SpA 国家：意大利 (21)13736 FAURECIA 国家：法国 (21)13760 FAURECIA Brieres 国家：法国 (21)38798 FJ AUTOMOTIVE 国家：丹麦 (21)14327 FOCAL JM LAB 国家：法国 (21)14890 GALILEO A VIONICA 国家：意大利 (21)15608 GLOBAL AUTO Ltd 国家：英国 (22)38808 GSE 国家：法国 (22)18365 Invest in Bavaria 德国 (22)18983 IPT Spain Picture 国家：法国 (22)38799 vif-competence centre 国家：奥地利 (22)19556 国家：法国 (22)4847 LATECIS 国家：法国 (22)20166 LEGRIS AUTOLINE 国家：法国 (22)20425 LISI AUTOMOTIVE FORMER 国家：法国 (22)21046 国家：法国 (22)21085 MANUFACTURA MODERNA DE METALES 法国 (23)21377 MATIS TECHNOLOGIES 国家：法国 (23)21581 MCB INDUSTRIE 国家：法国 (23)22469 MIRA LTD 法国：英国 (23)22927 MYCALE 国家：法国 (23)23704 NTN TRANSMISSIONS EUROPE 国家：日本 (23)23948 OKTAL SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENT 国家：法国 (23)24188 ORECA 法国 (23)38745 ORL Y ELECTRIC 法国 (23)25012 PINETTE EMIDECAU INDUSTRIES –PEI 国家：法国 (23)25090 PLASTIC OMNIUM-SIGMATECH 国家：法国 (23)25103 PLASTIC OMNIUM -3P 国家：法国 (23)25168 Plymouth Rubber Company, Inc 国家：德国 (23)26542 RENAULT 国家：法国 (24)27453 SAAB AEROSTRUCTURES 国家：瑞典 (24)38725 Saint-Gobain Sully 国家：中国 (24)28152 SCHMITTER FANCE 国家：法国 (24)28504 SELCO SELEM EURINTEL 国家：法国 (24)28607 SENER INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS SA 国家：西班牙 (24)38723 SIPD(Société Industrielle de Produits Diélectriques) 国家：法国 (24)29464 SITIA 国家：法国 (24)30467 SONAMIA 国家：法国 (24)32967 THE WELDING INSTITUE –TWI LTD 国家：英国 (24)32990 THERMI L YON 国家：法国 (24)33237 TIETRONIX OPTICS SAS 国家：法国 (24)33651 TRIGANO SERVICE 国家：法国 (24)33929 Tyco Electronics Corporation 国家：法国 (24)34023 ULTRA RS 国家：法国 (25)36049 VISTEON SYSTEMES INTERIEURS 国家：法国 (25)36427 WESTAFLEX AUTOMOTIVE GROUP 国家：德国 (25)38462 WIM 国家：法国 (25)225 XPERION 国家：法国 (25)工业制品 (25)864 ADR SA 国家：法国 (25)1104 AEROLITE MAX BUCHER AG 国家：瑞士 (25)1336 AGENCE DE DEVELOPPEMENT ECONOMIQUE DE HAUTE-ALSACE – CAHR 国家：法国25 3829 AIRECO - APC 国家：法国 (25)1948 ALCATEL ALENIA SPACE 国家：法国 (25)1960 ALCATEL ALENIA SPACE ITAL Y 国家：意大利 (25)2236 ALLEVARD RESSORT INDUSTRIELS 国家：法国 (25)2478 Altra Industrial Motion Inc 国家：法国 (26)2789 ANDRE LAURENT 国家：法国 (26)3355 ARO 国家：法国 (26)3617 ASSOCIATION DU TECHNOPOLE DU MADRILLET 国家：法国 (26)3664 ASSYSTEM 国家：法国 (26)3987 A TMEL NANTES SA 国家：法国 (26)38700 AUBERT & DUV AL 国家：法国 (26)5131 BIRMAN sarl 国家：法国 (26)5272 BODYCOTE MA TERIALS ENGINEERING DIVISION 国家：英国 (26)5899 BUREAU VERITAS QUALITY INTERNATIONAL HOLDING SA 国家：英国 (26)6058 C.A.E.N. Aerospace 国家：意大利 (26)6269 CAPITAL A VIATION SERVICES LTD 国家：英国 (26)38719 CBAFLEXBALL 国家：法国 (27)6872 CCI DU V AR 国家：法国 (27)7032 CEBANOR - SOTRABAN 国家：法国 (27)7166 CENAERO 国家：比利时 (27)8340 CODECHAMP 国家：法国 (27)8672 COMPOSYSTEM 国家：西班牙 (27)9677 DAGARD 国家：法国 (27)9808 DART A VIATION 国家：法国 (27)10128 DEFONTAINE 国家：法国 (27)10856 DOGA 国家：西班牙 (27)10910 DOTT. ING. SCANDURA & C. S.P.A. 国家：意大利 (27)11522 ECM 国家：德国 (27)38740 EMC (Européenne de Matériaux Composites) 国家：法国 (27)12891 ETAMIC SA 国家：法国 (27)12908 ETESIA 国家：法国 (27)13736 - FAURECIA 国家：法国 (28)38792 Feuerherdt GmbH 国家：德国 (28)38708 FG Industries 国家：法国 (28)14118 FIME SAS 国家：法国 (28)38798 FJ AUTOMOTIVE 国家：丹麦 (28)14382 FONDERIE SIV AL 国家：法国 (28)14587 国家：法国JOINT 国家：法国 (28)16018 GTD Sistemas de Información 国家：西班牙 (28)17200 IDEMECA 国家：法国 (28)17620 INERIS - INST NA TIONAL DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT INDUSTRIEL ET DES 国家：法国 (28)38716 INOXYFORM SAS 国家：法国 (28)4847 LATECIS 国家：法国 (28)19981 LATELEC 国家：法国 (29)20166 LEGRIS AUTOLINE 国家：法国 (29)20310 LIDER 国家：法国 (29)20425 LISI AUTOMOTIVE FORMER 国家：法国 (29)20510 LOGIC INSTRUMENT SA 国家：法国 (29)20880 国家：西班牙 (29)21069 MANOIR INDUSTRIES 国家：法国 (29)21085 MANUFACTURA MODERNA DE METALES 国家：西班牙 (29)21377 MA TIS TECHNOLOGIES 国家：法国 (29)21581 MCB INDUSTRIE 国家：法国 (30)22092 METSO MINERAL 国家：法国国家：芬兰 (30)22397 MILLET MARIUS SAS 国家：法国 (30)22581 MOLEMAB S.p.A. 国家：意大利 (30)23704 NTN TRANSMISSIONS EUROPE 国家：日本 (30)24082 OPF 国家：法国公司：- (30)37316 PERMASWAGE 国家：法国 (30)38803 PIGNAT 国家：法国 (30)25012 PINETTE EMIDECAU INDUSTRIES –PEI 国家：法国 (30)25090 PLASTIC OMNIUM – SIGMATECH 国家：法国 (30)25103 PLASTICOMNIUM - 3P 国家：法国 (30)25168 Plymouth Rubber Company, Inc 国家：德国 (30)27048 RODDIER-RODDIER SA 国家：法国 (31)27080 ROLLIX DEFONTAINE 国家：法国 (31)27081 ROLLS ROYCE 国家：英国 (31)27544 SADEV DECOLLETAGE 国家：法国 (31)27775 SALOMON SPORTS 国家：法国 (31)28504 SELCO SELEM EURINTEL 国家：法国 (31)38728 SEMIC SAS - Les Sièges KHOL 国家：法国 (31)28607 SENER INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS SA 国家：西班牙 (31)37722 SIEMENS AG AUSTRIA 国家：德国 (31)38723 SIPD (Société Industrielle de Produits Diélectriques) 国家：法国 (31)30121 SOCOMEC 国家：法国 (31)30398 SOLETANCHE-BACHY France 国家：法国 (31)30503 SOPEMEA 国家：法国 (32)30898 SRI - Sud Robinetterie Industrie 国家：法国 (32)37047 TELEFLEX AEROSPACE 国家：法国 (32)32990 THERMI L YON 国家：法国 (32)33237 TIETRONIX OPTICS SAS 国家：法国 (32)33842 TURBOMECA 国家：法国 (32)35933 VIBRATECH LTD 国家：英国 (32)36288 W ANXIANG EUROPE LIMITED 国家：英国 (32)36427 WESTAFLEX AUTOMOTIVE GROUP 国家：德国 (32)38462 WIM 国家：法国 (32)225 XPERION 国家：法国 (32)能源 (32)1616 AIR LIQUIDE GAZ INDUSTRIE SERVICE 国家：法国 (32)2478 Altra Industrial Motion Inc 国家：法国 (32)2789 ANDRE LAURENT 国家：法国 (33)3617 ASSOCIATION DU TECHINOPOLE DU MADRILLET 国家：法国 (33)3664 ASSYSTEM 国家：法国 (33)38700 AUBERT & DUV AL 国家：法国 (33)4335 Auxitrol 国家：法国 (33)5272 BODYCOTE MA TERIALS ENGINEERING DIVISION 国家：英国 (33)5899 BUREAU VERITAS QUALITY INTERNA TIONAL HOLDINGS 国家：英国 (33)7032 CEBANOR-SOTRABAN 国家：法国 (33)38851 Daher 国家：法国 (33)9683 DAHER LHOTELLIER CSI 国家：法国 (33)9808 DART A VIATION 国家：法国 (33)10595 DIEHL & EAGLE PICHER GMBH 国家：德国 (34)11522 ECM 国家：德国 (34)38713 ELTECH PCB 国家：法国 (34)12452 ERA TECHNOLOGY LTD 国家：英国 (34)12633 ESIC SN 国家：法国 (34)38255 EURALTECH 国家：法国 (34)18983 国家：法国 (34)38803 PIGNAT 国家：法国 (34)27081 ROLLS ROYCE 国家：英国 (34)28504 SELCO SELEM EURINTEL 国家：法国 (34)38712 SIBYLUX 国家：法国 (34)37722 SIEMENS AG AUSTRIA 国家：德国 (34)30503 France (35)30898 SRI-Sud Robinetterie Industrie 国家：法国 (35)32967 TWI 国家：英国 (35)32990 THERMI L YON 国家：法国 (35)225 XPERION 国家：法国 (35)金属制品 (35)864 ADR SA 国家：法国 (35)2478 Altra Industrial Motion Inc 国家：法国 (35)2789 ANDRE LAURENT国家：法国 (35)3355 ARO 国家：法国 (35)38700 AUBERT & DUV AL 国家：法国 (35)5131 BIRMAN sarl 国家：法国 (36)5272 BODYCOTE MA TERIALS ENGINEERING DIVISION 国家：英国 (36)5899 BUREAU VERITAS QUALITY INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS SA 国家：英国 (36)7032 CEBANOR –SOTRABAN 国家：法国 (36)8340 COMEPA国家：法国 (36)9677 DAGARD国家：法国 (36)9683 DAHER LHOTELLIER CSI 国家：法国 (36)9808 DART A VIATION 国家：法国 (36)10128 DEFONTAINE 国家：法国 (36)10856 DOGA 国家：西班牙 (36)12891 ETAMIC SA 国家：法国 (36)38741 Ets Bernard DENTAND国家：法国 (36)38255 EURALTECH 国家：法国 (36)13657 FANTON SpA 国家：意大利 (36)38798 FJ AUTOMOTIVE 国家：丹麦 (36)14382 FONDERIE SIV AL 国家：法国 (37)14587 JOINT France 国家：法国 (37)16904 Hydro 国家：法国 (37)17200 IDEMECA 国家：法国 (37)38716 INOXYFORM SAS 国家：法国 (37)20166 LEGRIS AUTOLINE 国家：法国 (37)20310 LIDER 国家：法国 (37)20425 LISI AUTOMOTIVE FORMER 国家：法国 (37)21069 MANOIR INDUSTRIES 国家：法国 (37)21085 MANUFACTURA MODERNA DE METALES 国家：西班牙 (37)22581 MOLEMAB S.p.A. 国家：意大利 (37)23704 NTN TRANSMISSIONS EUROPE 国家：日本 (37)25928 PVL 国家：德国 (38)27048 RODDIER-RODDIER SA 国家：法国 (38)27080 ROLLIX DEFONTAINE 国家：法国 (38)27329 RUDOLF PACK GmbH + Co 国家：德国 (38)28504 SELCO SELEM EURINTEL 国家：法国 (38)30398 SOLETANCHE-BACHY France 国家：法国 (38)30503 SOPEMEA 国家：法国 (38)30898 SRI-Sud Robinetterie Industrie 国家：法国 (38)32990 THERMI L YON 国家：法国 (38)34023 ULTRA RS 国家：法国 (38)38462 WIM 国家：法国 (38)塑料加工 (38)5272 BODYCOTE MATERAILS ENGINEERING DIVISION 国家：英国 (38)38722 Bracelet Numberone 国家：法国 (38)5899 BUREAU VERITAS QUALITY INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS 国家：英国 (39)7032 CEBANOR-SOTRABAN 国家：法国 (39)10856 DOGA国家：西班牙 (39)38740 EMC(Européenne de Matériaux Composites) 国家：法国 (39)38757 ENERGY PLAST SAS 国家：法国 (39)13657 FANTON SpA 国家：意大利 (39)38746 FELI Sarl 国家：法国 (39)20425 LISI AUTOMOTIVE FORMER 国家：法国 (39)21107 MANUPLAST 国家：法国 (39)22397 MILLET MARIUS SAS 国家：法国 (39)24082 OPF 国家：法国 (39)25090 PLASTIC OMNIUM -SIGMATECH 国家：法国 (39)25103 PLASTIC OMNIUM -3P 国家：法国 (39)38720 PROMAPACK 国家：法国 (39)27775 SALOMON SPORTS 国家：法国 (39)28488 SEITRON SRL 国家：意大利 (40)38729 Solvay 国家：比利时 (40)30807 SPENCER ITALIA s.r.l 国家：意大利 (40)32990 THERMI L YON 国家：法国 (40)电子 (40)3829 ADI SUD 国家：法国 (40)1948 ALCATEL ALENIA SPACE 国家：法国 (40)2478 Altra Industrial Motion Inc 国家：法国 (40)38791 Analog Microelectronics GmbH 国家：德国 (40)38721 APPRO 国家：法国 (40)3355 ARO 国家：法国 (40)3617 ASSOCIATION DU TECHNOPOLE DU MADRILLET 国家：法国 (40)3987 ATMEL NANTES SA 国家：法国 (40)4702 BARCO NV 国家：比利时 (40)5131 BIRMAN sarl 国家：法国 (41)5272 BODYCOTE MA TERIALS ENGINEERING DIVISION 国家：英国 (41)38743 BUREAU VERITAS LCIE 国家：法国 (41)5899 BUREAU VERITAS QUALITY INTERNAITIONAL HOLDINGS SA国家：英国 (41)7032 CEBANOR –SOTRABAN 国家：法国 (41)9677 DAGARD 国家：法国 (41)9683 DAHER LHOTELLIER CSI 国家：法国 (41)10910 DOTT. ING. SCANDURA & C.S.P.A. 国家：意大利 (41)38735 EADS ASTRIUM 国家：德国 (41)38679 EADS ASTRIUM 国家：法国 (41)37882 EADS ASTRIUM GmbH 国家：德国 (41)11273 EADS ASTRIUM GMBH 国家：德国 (41)38713 ELTECH PCB 国家：法国 (41)38757 ENERGY PLAST SAS国家：法国 (41)12452 ERA TECHNOLOGY LTD 国家：英国 (42)12626 ESI GROUP 国家：法国 (42)12633 ESIC SN 国家：法国 (42)12908 ETESIA 国家：法国 (42)38257 EUROCONTROL S.p.A. 国家：意大利 (42)38746 FELI Sarl 国家：法国 (42)38708 FG INDUSTRIES 国家：法国 (42)14327 FOCAL JM LAB 国家：法国 (42)14587 France JOINT国家：法国 (42)14890 GALILEO A VIONICA 国家：意大利 (42)15530 GIMA 国家：法国 (42)17801 IN –LHC 国家：法国 (42)38716 INOXYFORM SAS 国家：法国 (42)18307 INTERTECHNIQUE 国家：法国 (43)19512 KONGSBERG DEFENCE & AETOSPACE 国家：挪威 (43)19981 LATELEC 国家：法国 (43)38732 Led To Lite 国家：英国 (43)20163 LEGRAND NORMANDIE, Division Industie 国家：法国 (43)37021 LH Aviation 国家：法国 (43)20510 LOGICA CMG 国家：法国 (43)21815 Meggitt PLC –Duniop Bestobell 国家：英国 (43)22029 METALSCAN 国家：法国 (43)22356 MIER COMUNICACIONES SA 国家：西班牙 (43)38760 NACHET SA 国家：法国 (43)23116 NDT EXPERT 国家：法国 (43)38815 Neion Graphics S.A.S 国家：法国 (43)23764 Nv Televic 国家：比利时 (44)23948 OKTAL SYNTHETIC ENVITONMENT 国家：法国 (44)38745 Orly Electric 国家：法国 (44)24925 PHOTOCHEMIE AG 国家：瑞士 (44)25168 Plymouth Rubber Company, Inc 国家：德国 (44)25928 PVL 国家：德国 (44)27329 RUDOLF PACK GmbH +Co 国家：德国 (44)27575 SAFRAN 国家：法国 (44)27927 SAS FLIGHT ACADEMY AB 国家：瑞典 (44)27989 SATL YNX SA 国家：卢森堡 (44)28292 SCS CONSULING PTC France 国家：法国 (44)28488 SEITRON SRL 国家：意大利 (44)28504 SELCO SELEM EURINTEL 国家：法国 (44)28607 SENER INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS SA 国家：西班牙 (45)38712 SIBYLUX 国家：法国 (45)37722 SIEMENS AG AUSTRIA 国家：德国 (45)38723 SIPD(Société Industrielle de Produits Diélectriques) 国家：法国 (45)30121 SOCOMEC 国家：法国 (45)30503 SOPEMEA 国家：法国 (45)30525 SORELEC 国家：法国 (45)30807 SPENCER ITALIA s.r.l 国家：意大利 (45)31540 SYDERAL SA 国家：瑞士 (45)31580 SYNLOGIC AG 国家：瑞士 (45)31948 TECHN UNIV DENMARK, OERSTED DTU ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEMS 国家：丹麦 (45)32967 THE WELDING INSTITUTE –TWI LTD 国家：英国 (45)33259 国家：德国 (45)35933 VIBRATECH LTD 国家：英国 (45)环保 (46)3617 ASSOCIATIONDUTECHNOPOLE DUMADRILLET 国家：法国 (46)5272 BODYCOTEMA TERIALS ENGINEERING DIVISION 国家：英国 (46)5899 BUREAU VERITAS QUALITY INTERNATIONAL HOLDING SA 国家：英国 (46)28607 SENER INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS SA国家：西班牙 (46)30398 SOLETANCHE BACHY France 国家：法国 (46)物流 (46)28323 SDV LOGISTIQUE INTERNATIONALE 国家：法国 (46)38849 STAMEX 国家：法国 (46)38849 国家：法国 (46)航天航空领域723 ACATIVE SPACE TECHNOLOGIES 国家：葡萄牙Active Space Technologies是一家快速成长的、擅长于宇航工业的公司。

英语三级A，三级B单词复习（星号为B级词汇）祝君考试成功！Aa/an*ability*able*aboardabout*above*abroad*absent*absolute~lyabuseacademicaccept*acceptanceaccess*accident*accidental~lyaccommodation according(to) * account*accumulateaccuracyaccurate~lyaccuse*accustomedache*achieve*~ment*acknowledgeacquireacquisitionacross*act*~ion*~or*~ress*activateactive* activity*actual*~ly*adapt*add*addict~ionaddition*~al*address*adequate~lyadjust*~ment*administrateadministrationadmireadmissionadmit*adopt*~ion*adult*advance*advanced*advantage*advertise/advertize*~ment*advice*advise*~r/advisor*affair*affect*afford*afraid*after*afternoon*after-sale(s) *afterward(s) *again*against*age*agency*agendaagent*ago*agree*~ment*agricultural*agriculture*ahead*aid*aim*air*air-condition~eraircraftairline*airport*alarm*alcoholalcoholicalertalike*alive*all*allow*allowancealmost*alone*along*already*also*alteralternatealternative*although*altitudealtogether*always*amazeamazing*~ly*ambitious*ambulanceamend~mentamidamong(st) *amount*amuse*~d*~ment*amusing*analysis*pl.analyses*analystanalyze/analyse* ancient*and*angry*animal*anniversary* announce*~ment*annoy*annual*~ly*another*answer*anticipateantiqueanxiety*anxious*any*apart*70apartment*apologize/apologise* apology*apparent*~ly*appealappear*appearance* appendixapplianceapplicableapplicant* application*apply*appoint*~ment* appreciate*appreciation*approach*appropriateapprovalapprove*approximate~lyarea*argue*~ment*arise*arm*around*arousearrange*~ment*arrest*arrival*arrive*arrowart*article*artificialartistas*aside*ask*asleep*aspect*assembleassemblyassertassess~mentassetassign*~ment*assist*assistant*associate*associationassumeassurance*assure*astonish*~ed*~ing*~ment*at*athleteatmosphere*attach*~ment*attackattainattempt*attend*attendant*attention*attitude*attract*~ion*~ive*attributeauctionaudience*audio*author*authorityauthorize/authoriseautomatic(al) *~ly*automation71automobile/auto*autumn*available*average*avoid*awaitawake*award*aware*away*awfulawkwardBbaby* bachelor* back* background* bad*~ly*bag* baggage* bake* balanceball*banbandbank*~er* bankrupt banquetbar* barbecue bare~lybargain* barrier* base*basic*~ly*basis* basket* basketball* bath*bathe* battery* bay*be*beach*bear*beat* beautiful* beauty* because* become*bed*bedroom*before*beforehandbeg*begin*behalf*behave*behavio(u)r*behind*belief*believe*bell*belong*below*bendbeneath*beneficialbenefit*beside*besides*bestbet*betterbetween*beveragebewarebeyond*bicycle/bike*bidbig*bill*bindbiologicalbirth*birthday*bit*72black*blame*blank*blendblessblind*~ly*block*blood*bloomblouse*blow*blue*board*boastboat*body*boil*bonus*book*booklet*boombooth*borderbore*~d*boring*born*borrow*boss*both*bottle*bottom*boundbox*boy*brain*brake*branch*brand*breachbread*breadth*break*breakfast*breakthrough*breathbreathebreedbridge* brief* bright* brilliant* bring* broad* broadcast* broaden brochure* broker brown* budget* buffet*bugbuild*~ing*bulk bulletin* bunch bundle burden* bureauburn*burybus* business* ~man*busy*but*button*buy*by*bye-bye* bypassby-product Ccable*café*cake* calculate 73 calculation calendar call* calm*camera*camp*campaigncampus*can*cancel*cancer*candidate*canteencap*capabilitycapable*capacitycapital*captaincar*carboncard*care*~ful*~less*career*cargocarriagecarry*cartcartooncase*cash*cashiercasualcatalog(ue) *catch*category*catercause*cautioncautiouscelebratecelebrationcell*Celsiuscent*center/centre*centigradecentimetercentral*centralize/centralisecentury*ceremony*certain*~ly*certificatecertificationcertifychain*chair*chairman*pl.chairmen*chairwoman*pl.chairwomen*chairpersonchallenge*challenging*champion~shipchance*change*channelchapter*character*characteristic(s)characterize/characterisecharge*charitychartchat*cheap*cheat*check*cheer*~ful*chemicalchemistchemistry74cheque/check*cherishchestchief*childpl.~renchildhood*chipchoice*choose*chopsticksChristmaschurch*cigar*cigaret(te) *cinema*circle*circumstancecitizencity*civilcivilization/civilisati onclaim*class*classical*classifyclassroom*clauseclean*clear*clearanceclerk*clever*click*client*climate*climb*clinicclock*clockwiseclose*cloth*clothes* cloud*~y*club*cluecoachcoal*coat*code*coffee*coin*coincidecold*collapsecolleaguecollect*~ion*college*colo(u)r*columncombinationcombine*come*comfort*comfortable*command*comment*commerce*commercialcommissioncommit~mentcommitteecommoditycommon*communicate*communication*community*commute~rcompactcompany*comparablecomparative~lycompare*comparisoncompatiblecompensate75compensationcompete*competencecompetentcompetition*competitivecompilecomplain*complaint*complete*completioncomplexcomplicatedcomplimentcomplycomposecompositioncompoundcomprehensivecomprisecompromisecompulsorycomputecomputer*concentrate*concentrationconceptconcern*concerning*concert*conclude*conclusioncondition*~al*conduct*~or*conferenceconfidence*confident*confidential confirm* confirmation conflict conform confront confuse*~d*confusing* confusion congratulate* congratulation* congress connect*~ionconscious* consequence consequently conservate conservation conservative consider* considerable* considerate consideration consist* consistent constant* constraint construct*~ion* constructive consult* consume consumer* consumption contactcontain~er contemporary content* contest contestant context continentcontinue*continuous*~ly*76contract*contrary*contrastcontributecontributioncontrol*convenience*convenient*convention~alconversation*conversionconvertconveyconvince*cook*cool*cooperate*cooperation*cooperative*coordinatecoordinationcope*copy*copyrightcore*corner*corporatecorporationcorrect*~ion*correspondencecorrespondentcorrespondingcorridor*cosmetic(s)cosmopolitancost*~ly*cotton*cough*could*councilcount*counter*counterpartcountless*country*countryside*couple*couponcourage*course*court*courteouscover*coveragecrash*crazycream*create*creationcreative*credit*crewcrime*criminalcrisis*pl.crises*criterionpl.criteriacriticalcriticize/criticisecrop*cross*crowd*~ed*crucialcrudecruelcrushcry*crystalcube cuisine cultural* culture* cup*cure curious* 77 currency current* ~ly* curriculum curtain* curve custom* customer* customize customs* cut*cycle*Ddaily* dairy damage* damp dance*~r* danger* dangerous* dare*dark*data* database* date*day*dead* deadline* deaf*deal*~er*dean*dear* death* debate* debt*decade*deceivedecent~lydecide*decision*declarationdeclaredeclinedecoratedecorationdecrease*dedicatededicationdeducedeductiondeeddeep*~ly*defectivedefence/defensedefend*deficitdefine*definite*~ly*definition*degree*delay*delete*deletion*deliberate~lydelicatedelicious*delight*~ed*deliver*delivery*demand*~ing*demonstratedemonstrationdenotedensedensitydentist*deny*depart*department*departure*depend*78dependent*deposit*depress~iondepth*deputyderivedescenddescribe*description*desertdeserve*design*~er*designatedesirabledesire*desk*desktop*despite*destination*destroy*destructiondestructivedetail*detect*~ion*detectivedetermination*determine*devaluedevelop*~ment*device*devote* devotion* diagnose diagnosis diagram*dial*dialog(ue) * diameter diamonddiary* dictionary* die*diet*differ* difference* different*~ly*difficult* difficulty* digdigit*digital* diligent*dim dimension dinner* dioxide diploma* direct*~ion*~ly*~or*directory* dirt~ydisable* disabled disadvantage* disagree*~ment* disappear* disappoint* ~ed*~ing* ~ment*disapprovedisasterdisc/diskdiscarddischargedisclosediscount*discourage*discover*discoverydiscrimination79discuss*~ion*disease*dish*dislike*dismiss*disorderdispatchdisplay*disposaldisposedispute*distance*distantdistinctdistinction*distinctivedistinguish*distract~iondistribute*distribution*distributor*district*disturbdiversediversitydivide*dividenddivision*divorce*do*doctor*document*dollar*domestic*dominantdominatedonatedonationdoor*dorm(itory) *dosedot*double*doubt*~ful*down*download*downstairs*downtown*downward(s)dozen*draft*drama*dramatic*draw*dream*dress*drill*drink*drive*~r*drop*drowndrug*drum*dry*due*dull*dumb*dump*duplicatedurableduration*during*dustduty*Eeach*eager*earearly*earn*earth* earthquake* ease*easily*east*80eastern*easy*eat*echoe-commerce economic economical~lyeconomy*edgeedit~ioneditor educate* education* effect* effective* efficiency efficient*~ly*effort*either*elder*~ly*elect~ionelectric(al) * electricity* electronic* electronics*element*elementary*elevator*eligibleeliminateeliminationelse*elsewhere*email/e-mail*embarrass~ed~ing~mentembassyemergeemergencyemergent*emission*emit*emotion~alemphasis*pl.emphasesemphasize/emphasise*employ*~ee*~er*~ment*empty*enable*enclose*enclosure*encounterencourage*~ment*end*~lessendangerenemy*energeticenergy*enforce~mentengage*~ment*engine*engineer*engineering*/english*enhanceenjoy*enlarge*enormous*enough*enquire/inquire*enrichenroll*~ment*ensure*enter*81enterprise*entertain*~ment*enthusiastic*entire*~ly*entitleentrance*entry*envelope*environment*~al*equal*equalityequip*~ment*equivalent*era*erranderror*escape*especially*essenceessential*establish*~ment*estate*estimateevaluate evaluationeve*even*evening*event*eventuallyever*every*evidence*evident*evilexact*~ly*exaggerate examination/exam* examine*example*exceedexcellent*except*exception exceptional~lyexcessexcessive exchange*excite*~d*excitingexcludeexclusive~lyexcuse*executive exercise*exertexhaustexhibit*~ion*exist*existence exit*expandexpansionexpect*~ation*expenseexpensive*experience*experiment*expert*expertiseexpireexpiryexplain*~ationexploitexplore*~r*export~er82exposeexposureexpress*~ion*extend*extension*extensive~lyextent*externalextra*extraordinaryextreme~lyeyeFfacefacial*facilitatefacility*fact*factor*factory*facultyFahrenheitfail*failure*fair*~ly*faith*~ful*~fully*fakefall*false*familiar*family*famous*fan*far*fare*farewell*farm*farmer*fashion*~able*fast*fat*fatalfault*faulty*favo(u)r*~able*favo(u)rite*fax/facsimile*fear*feasibilityfeasiblefeature*federalfee*feedfeedbackfeel*female*festival*fever*few*fiber/fibrefield*fiercefigure*filefill*film*filterfinal*finalize/finalise financefinancial*find*fine*finger*finish*fire*fireman*pl.firemen*firm*fit*83ix*flag*flameflashflat*flavo(u)r*flawfleaflexibility flexible*flight*floatflood*floor*flourishflow*flower*fluctuate fluctuationfluent*~ly* fly*focus*fog*fold*folderfolk*follow*following*fond*food*fool*foolish*footpl.feet*football*for*forbid*force*forecast*foreign*~er*foreseeforest*forever*forget*forgive*forkform*formal*formatformer*formulafortunate~lyfortune*forumforward*foulfound*~ation*frame*frameworkfranchisefrank*~ly*free*freedom*freeze~rfreightfrequencyfrequent*~ly*fresh*freshman*friend*~ly*fridge/refrigerator*friendship*frighten*from*front*frontierfrostfruit*fruitful*fry*84fuel*fulfil(l)full*fun*function*fund*fundamental*funny*furnishfurniture*further*furthermorefuture*Ggain*gallerygallon*game*gap*garage*garbagegarden*~er*garmentgas*gasoline/gasolene gate*gather*genegeneral*~ly*generate generation* generousgeneticgeniusgentle* gentleman* geographic geographygesture*get*giant*gift*girl*give*glad*glance*glass*global* globalization/ globalisation globegloveglowgo*goal*god*gold*golden*good*good-bye*goods* government* gracefulgrade*gradual*~ly*graduategraduationgraingram(me)grammargrandgrantgraph*graphic*grass*grateful*gratitudegreat*green*greet*grey/gray*griefgrocer*grocery*grossground*group*grow*~th*guarantee*guard*guess*guest*guidance*guide*guidelinegun*guygym(nasium)*Hhabit*hackerhair*half*hall*hand*handbook*handicappedhandicrafthandle*handsome*hang*happen*happiness*happy*harbor(u)r*hard*hardly*hardship*hardware*harm*~ful*less*harvest*haste85hat*hate*hatredhave*he*head*headache*heading*headlineheadquarters*healhealth*~ful*healthy*hear*heart*heat*heavenheavy*height*hello/hullo*help*~ful*~less*hence*here*hero*heroichesitate* hesitation*hi*hide*high*~ly*highlight*high-tech/hi-tech* highway*hill*hint*hire*historic*~al*history*hit*hobby*hold*hole*holiday*home*homework*honest*~ly*honesty*hono(u)r*hookhope*~ful*~fully*~less*horizon*horizontal~lyhorriblehorrifyhorror* horsepower/hp hospitable hospital*hospitalityhost/hostess*hot*hotel*hotline*hour*house*household*housewife*pl.housewives*housework*how*however*huge*human*humo(u)rhumo(u)roushunger*hungry*hunt*hurry*hurt*hydrogenII*ice*ice-cream*icon*idea*idealidenticalidentificationidentifyidentity*if*ignorantignore*ill*~ness*illegalillustrateillustrationimageimaginaryimaginationimaginativeimagine*imitate*imitation*immediate*~ly*immense~lyimmigrantimmigrateimmigrationimpact*impatientimplement~ationImplicationimply*import86~erimportance*important*imposeimpossible*impress*~ion*impressive*improve*~ment*in*inc.(=Incorporated)*incapableincentiveinch*incidentinclude*inclusioninclusiveincome*incorporateincrease*indeed*independence independent* indexindicate* indication* indifferent* indirect*~ly* indispensable individual*~ly*industrial* industry* inevitable inevitablyinfectinfectiousinfer*inferior influence* influential inform*~ation* informative ingredient* inheritinitial*initiate initiative* inject~ioninjure*injury*ink*inn*inner*innocent innovation* innovativeinput*inquire/enquire* inquiry/enquiry insertinside* insist*inspect*~ion*install*~ation*installmentinstanceinstant*~ly*instead*institute*institutioninstruct*~ion*instrument*insultinsurance*insure*integrateintegrityintellectualintelligenceintelligentintend*intenseintensifyintensiveintention*interact~ioninterest*~ed*~ing*interfereinterferenceinteriorintermediateinternalinternational*interninternet/Internet*internshipinterpret~ation~erinterrupt*interval*interview*~ee*~er*into*introduce*introduction*invent*~ion*inventoryinvest*~ment*~or*investigate*investigation*invisibleinvitation*invite*invoice87involve*inwardiron*irrevocableisland*isolateisolationissue*it*item*itineraryJjacket*jam*jazz*jeans*jetjeweljob*join*joint*~ly*joke*journaljournalistjourney*joy*judge*~ment*jump*junior*junk*just*justicejustifyKkaraoke*keen*keep*key*keyboard*kickkid*kill*kilogram(me)/kilo* kind*~ly*~ness*king*kingdomkiss*kitkitchen*knee*knife*pl.knives*knock*know*knowledge*Llabellabo(u)r* laboratory/lab* lack*lady*lag lake*land*landlady*landlord*landmark*landscapelanelanguage*laptoplarge*~ly*laserlast*late*~ly*later*latter*laugh*laughter*launch*laundry*lavatory*law*lawnlawyer*lay*layoutlazy*lead*~er*~ship*leading*leafleafletleakleanlearn*~er*leatherleave*lecture*~r*left*legal*leisure*lend*length*less*lesson*let*letter*letterheadlevel*liablelibrarian*library*license/licence*lie*life*pl.lives*lift*light*lightning88like*likelihoodlikely*likewiselimit*~ation*Limited/Ltd.*line*link*lipliquid*list*listen*literaturelitre/liter*litter*little*live*lively*load*loan*lobbylocal*~ly*locate* location* lock*log*logical logistics logolonely*long*look*loose*lorrylose*loss*lot*loud*~ly* loudspeaker* lounge*love*~ly*low*lower*loyalluck*luckily* lucky* luggage* lunch*lung*luxury*Mmachine* machinery* mad*madam* magazine* magic magician magnificent mail*main*~ly* mainland* maintain*maintenancemajor*majoritymake*male*mall*man*pl.men*manage*~ment*~r*mankindmanner*manual*manufacture*~r*many*map*marchmarginmark*market*marriage*marry*marvel(l)ousmaskmass*master*match*mate*material*mathematics/math(s)*matter*maturemaximize/maximisemaximummay*maybe*meal*mean*meaning*means*meantime*meanwhilemeasure*~ment*mechanical*medal*medical*medicine*mediumpl.mediameet*~ing*meltmember*~ship*memo/memorandum*memory*mendmental*mention*89menu*merchantmere*~ly*MergeMeritmerry*messmessage*metalmeter/metre/m*method*metricmetromicrophone*microscopemicrowavemiddle*midnight*might*mildmile*militarymillimeter/millimetre/mmmind*mine*mineral* minimize minimum*minorminority minus*minute* miraclemirror* mislead*miss*missing* mission mistake* Mister/Mr.* Mistress/Mrs.* misunderstand ~ingmix*mixturemobile*modemodel* moderate modern* modest modification modify moisture moment*meney*monitor* month*~ly* monumentmoodmoon*moralmore* moreover* morning* mortgagemost*~ly*motelmotionmotivatemotivationmotor*mountmountain*mouse*mouth*move*~ment*movie*much*multimedia*multiplemultiplymunicipalmurdermusclemuseum*music*musician*must*mutual~lymysteriousmysteryNname*~ly*narrownation*~al*nationality*nationwidenativenatural*~ly*nature*near*~ly*nearby*neatnecessarily*necessary*necessityneck*need*negative*neglectnegotiatenegotiationneighbo(u)r*~hood*neither*nervous*~ly*net*network*never*nevertheless*90new*~ly*news*newsletternewspaper*next*nice*night*no*nodnoise*noisy*none*nonsense*noon*nor*normal*~ly*north*northern*nose*not*note*notebook* notice* noticeable novelnow*nowadays* nuclear* number* numerousnurse*nurserynutrient nutrition*Oobeyobject~ion~ive*obligation oblige observation observe obstacleobtain*obvious*~ly*occasion* occasional*~ly*occupation* occupy*occur*ocean*o’clock*oddoddsof*off*offence/offense offendoffer*office*officer*official often*oil*okay/O.K./OK*old*Olympic(s)*omissionomit*on*once*one*online*only*onto*open*opera*operate*operation*operator*opinion*opponentopportunity*opposeopposite*optionoptionalor*oral*order*ordinary*organization*/organisation*organize/organise*~r*orient~ationorigin*original~lyother*otherwise*ought*out*outcome*outdoor(s)*outer*outletoutline*outlookoutput*outside*outsourceoutstanding*over*overall*overcoat*overcome*overheadoverlapoverloadoverlookovernight*oversea(s)*overtime*overweight*91owe*owing(to)*own*~er*oxygenPpacepackpackage*padpage*pain*paint*~er*~ing*pair*palace*palepamphletpanelpanicpants*paper*paragraph* parallel parameter parcel* pardon* parent*park*part*~ly* participant participate participation particular* ~ly*partner*part-time* party*pass* passage* passenger* passive passport* password* past*paste pastime* patentpath* patience patient* pattern* pausepay*~ment*peace*~fulpeakpeculiarpeerpen*pencil* penny* pension people* per*perceivepercent/per cent*percentage*perfect*perform*performance*perhaps*period*permanentpermission*permit*persistperson*personal*~ly*personality*personnel*persuadepet*pharmacyphasephenomenonpl.phenomenaphilosophyphone*photo/photograph*photocopy*photographicphrase*physical*physics*piano*pick*picnic*picture*piece*pile*pillpilot*pioneerpipe*piracypity*place*plainplan*plane*planet*plant*plastic*plate*platform*play*~er*playground*pleasant*please*~d*pleasure*plenty*plotplugplus*92pocket*point*poisonpolice*policeman*/policewoman*pl.policemen*/policewomen*policy*polishpolite*politicalpoliticspollute*pollution*pool*poor*pop*popular*popularitypopulation*porcelainport*portable*portionposeposition*positive*possess~ionpossibility* possible*possibly*post*postagepostcard*poster*postman*/postwoman* pl.postmen*/ postwomen* postponepotpotential*pound/1b*povertypower*~ful*practical*practice/practise* praiseprecautionprecedepreciousprecisepredict*~ion*prefer*preference preliminary premisepremiumpreparation* prepare*prescribe prescription presencepresent* ~ation*preservepresident*press*pressure*pretendpretty*prevailprevent*~ionprevious*~ly*price*prideprimary*primeprimitiveprincipalprincipleprint*~er*prior*priority*prison*~er*privacy*private*privilegeprize*probable*probably*problem*procedureproceedprocess*produce*product*production*productive*productivityprofession*~al*professor*proficiencyproficientprofile*profit*~able*program(me)*~er*progress*prohibitproject*prominentpromise*promising*promote*promotionprompt*proof*proper~lyproperty*proportionproposal*93propose*prospectprospectiveprospectusprosperousprotect~ionproteinprotestproud*prove*provide*providedprovidingprovisionpsychologicalpsychologypublic*publication*publish*~er*pull*。

High-Performance and Fuel-Efficient Common Rail Systems by LiebherrCommon Rail Systems by Liebherr2Common Rail Systems by LiebherrUltimate high-performanceLiebherr Common Rail systems not only deliver a high injec-tion pressure of 2,200 bar, but also stable multiple injection soot particles and NOx emissions already inside the engine. The most complete fuel combustion possible ensures maxi-Optimal fuel efficiency for your enginesTime of currentTimeI n j e c t i o n r a t eCommon Rail Systems by Liebherr6Simultaneous engineering concepts are used in development of the Liebherr injection system. Modern development tools such as the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis (CFD) contribute towards the con-Engineering expertisestant optimisation of the system and its modules. This en-ables Liebherr to provide its customers with a reliable state-of-the-art complete system.Product validationAll components in Liebherr Common Rail systems are sub-ject to a thorough and comprehensive validation program. This is oriented on excellent system reliability and availability under demanding environmental conditions, as well as to-wards a long product service life.It contains advanced models for damage modelling that use accelerated testing in endurance tests, mechanical strength tests, temperature tests and environmental tests to repro-duce the ageing process of components.Sophisticated statistical data analyses are used to ensure that the selected samples are representative for all components. Field trials are also a key element of the validation process. They are primarily used for verifying simulations of the under-lying data and accordingly modifying the validation tests.Engineering methodsMany components of a fuel injection system are subjected to cyclic loads. When testing with FEM, particular emphasis is placed on determining and then optimising fatigue resistance. All Common Rail system components are also inspected intensively by calculation engineers with CFD analyses to model flow effects inside components and incorporate the findings in the design.State-of-the art methods for stable power and high load capacityDevelopment test benchLiebherr Common Rail systems are subject to comprehensive endurance tests on special test benches during development. Acceler-ated testing examines the ageing process of Finite Element Method (FEM)The FEM design not only determines fatigueresistance, but stress and deformation are alsoinspected under operating and peak loads,and component geometries are adaptedCFD simulationCFD analyses made minimisation of the effectof cavitation erosion on nozzle needles andnozzles possible; cavitation erosion resultsfrom the very high flow speeds.7 Common Rail Systems by LiebherrCommon Rail Systems by Liebherr8Liebherr Common Rail and engine management systems are developed and manufactured at three sites in Switzerland and Germany. Whilst engine control units are produced in Precision parts from in-house productionLindau, Deggendorf is the competence centre for production of micro-precision parts. The assembly lines for injectors and high pressure pumps are in Bulle, Switzerland.Micro-precision manufacturingThe geometry of the nozzle hole and its process-reliablemanufacturing are especially important for the required finefuel nebulisation. Therefore Liebherr has introduced Electri-cal Discharge Machining (EDM) and Hydro Erosive Grinding(HEG) manufacturing processes at a dedicated micro-preci-sion manufacturing site.Assembly in a clean roomExtreme care is necessary during assembly to ensure thefunctional capability of the high-precision parts in the Com-mon Rail system. The parts must be absolutely dust andoil-free, therefore they are cleaned in four separate washingcycles. High pressure pump, high pressure connector andinjector components are assembled in a class 7 clean roomafter acclimatisation to ensure absolute precision duringassembly.Flexibility for every customer requirementElectrical Discharge MachiningTo ensure it can reliably maintain tolerances of a few µm, Liebherr uses the electrical discharge machining process based on spark Hydro Erosive GrindingAt its Deggendorf site, Liebherr has manyyears of experience with hydro erosive grind-ing. It is used primarily to round injector nozzleInjector assemblyThe injectors assembled in the clean roomare subjected to various tests as early asduring assembly, for checking fitted O-ringsAssembly monitoringOn the assembly line, which is configured for series produc-tion and largely automated, all manual process steps aremonitored by the system technology. Operating errors arepractically eliminated by the intelligent quality managementsystem (Poka Yoke).High parts availabilityL arge investments in modern production and test facilitiesenable fast start-up times for series production. For maxi-mum flexibility, the latest knowledge about material flow andother process sequences were taken into account whenconstructing the facilities. High parts availability provides thefoundation for optimum customer support.9 Common Rail Systems by LiebherrCommon Rail Systems by Liebherr10Uncompromising quality assurance is indispensable for the high reliability and availability of fuel injection systems. Liebherr uses an up-to-date computer-assisted quality man-agement system (CAQ system) that is implemented as earlyComprehensive quality assuranceas the production creation process and covers the entireproduct life cycle. Efficient test benches, often specially de-veloped for L iebherr, are used in testing the high precision components.Comprehensive controls on incoming materialIn the incoming goods department, all purchased parts of the Common Rail fuel injection system are checked for their high-est quality with the aid of highly modern measurement instru-ments. These include, for example, 3D coordinate measuring devices, roughness and contour measuring systems as well as an optical surface scanner.Series testingBefore delivering the fuel injection systems, the high pressure pumps, injectors and high pressure connectors are tested 100 % for functional and service life-relevant quality features, such as flow rate, torque or leakage. The Data Matrix Code (DMC) is used to track the assembled parts and assign them to the corresponding system components Leak test benchInjectors, pressure pipe connections and high pressure pumps are subjected to a leak test on the leak test bench at multiple stages up to 2,200 bar. This ensures there is no leak-age to the outside or within the system on the high-pressure sealing surfaces.Highest quality standardsQuality assurance is certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001 / 2008 and complies with VDA standards (reliability con-trol group). The Bulle site will be certified according to ISO TS 16949 in 2016, the Deggendorf site from 2017. Statistical assessments, FMEA (failure mode and effects analyses) and CIP (Continuous Improvement Processes) are examples of a consistent process philosophy.Lifetime reliabilitySpray pattern test benchWith the aid of a camera, the test bench measures the geometry of the spray pattern of the injector. Due to the very high speed of the injection process this places high de-mands on the measurement system as well Injector leak testWith the aid of a camera system, the leaktightness of the nozzle and nozzle needle ischecked. In the process, the camera recordsany drop formation on the nozzle which issubjected to high pressure.Geometry measurementsModern measurement instruments are usedto measure the geometry of the LiebherrCommon Rail system parts. The photo showsthe evaluation of the round surface of thecontrol valve.Liebherr delivers complete injection systems consisting of a high pressure pump, high pressure connectors, injectors and System solutionsneers support engine manufacturers in the integration of hy-draulic and electronic components in their units. In doing so, InjectorControl UnitHigh Pressure Pump*Volume Control Valve **Pressure Control ValveFeed PumpFilterTankPressure SensorVCV*PCV**Connector ConnectorRailPre FilterInjectorLow pressurePressure after prepump High pressure Low return pressure Electronic controlSystem integrationIntelligent system integration is the link between mechanical, hydraulic and electronic components; it ensures the perfect interplay and correct design of the complete system. The injection system is optimised for different emissions stand-ards, low consumption or the highest engine performance according to the requirement. For every customer the re-quired injection and pressure control functions are defined, the necessary diagnostics and correction algorithms are de-veloped and an application-specific data set is provided and validated.Product validationAll components are specifically designed for the highly dynamic loads in on- and off-highway uses. A detailed prod-uct validation plan is worked through in the development and application processes so that specific customer requirements are incorporated optimally. In addition to endurance testing with variable load profiles, this also includes various environ-mental tests. Series production is only authorised after the various validation phases have been successfully completed.Optimal control and monitoringComprehensive functions and configuration options of the engine control unit ensure optimal control of the fuel injection system for reliable engine operation. The fuel injection tim-ing and the fuel amount are calculated individually for each cylinder, so that the injector's solenoid valve can be corre-spondingly actuated. The control signal and number of injec-tions are adapted to the requirements of each engine and application.Your partner for complete integrationHigh pressure pumpA 2-cylinder in-line pump with an oil lubri-cated crankcase is used for engines with a capacity of up to 3 litres per cylinder. An ac-tive high-pressure valve provides protection InjectorInjectors with a solenoid-drive developed andmanufactured in-house guarantee injectionpressures of up to 2,200 bar and ensureextremely fine fuel spray.Engine managementThe engine control unit optimises injectionstart and duration in real-time. This makesthe optimum management of fuel combustionpossible in every operating point.Common Rail System 11.2Common Rail System 11.5Engine managementExamples of use for System 11.2The Common Rail system 11.2 was developed primarily for off-road applications, but it is also suitable for heavy-duty on-road applications. It supports all current emissions standards and is optimised in particular for Euro V and VI as well as Stage IV and V. It is extremely sturdy and reliable making it ideal for engines used in construction machinery and cranes, mining equip-ment, material handling, agricultural and forestry machinery and special vehicles. It is also very suitable for stationary ap-plications such as gensets due to its high efficiency. With its two installation variants, top-feed and side-feed, the system is suitable for every engine geometry and available installation space.21 Common Rail Systems by LiebherrCommon Rail Systems by Liebherr22Examples of use for System 11.5Customers can choose the L iebherr Common Rail system 11.5 for engines larger than 1,000 kW. Engines can be used equally for mobile applications, such as mining equipment, or in railway infrastructure vehicles, maritime applications and stationary applications such as gensets.The high degree of system modularity gives customers great integration flexibility in various engines. It provides the multiple injection capability to ensure optimum operating values with regard to performance and consumption. System 11.5 is very robust and designed for a long service life and maintenance intervals. It is also fully electronic controlled and supports compliance with current and future emissions standards.23Common Rail Systems by LiebherrLiebherr ComponentsFrom A to Z, the components division of the Liebherr Group offers a broad spectrum of solutions in the area of mechanical, hydraulic, electric and electronic drive system and control technology. The efficient components and systems are produced at a total of nine production sites around the world to the highest standards of quality. Central contact persons for all product lines are availableto customers outside the Liebherr Group at Liebherr-Components AG and the regional sales and distribution branches.Liebherr is your partner for joint success: from the product idea to development, manufacture and commissioning right through to series production and remanufacturing.Diesel engines Gas engines Fuel injection systems Hydraulic cylindersSoftwareSwitchgear RemanufacturingGearboxes and winches Large diameter bearings Power electronics Electric machines Control and regulation electronics Display and operation units Axial piston hydraulics P r i n t e d i n G e r m a n y b y E b e r l B K L M B -F I E -P L B 2-0.7-4.16_e n S u b j e c t t o t e c h n i c a l m o d i f i c a t i o n s .Sales worldwideLiebherr-Components AG P.O. Box 222,CH-5415 Nussbaumen / AG +41 56 296 43 00E-Mail:*********************Sales North AmericaLiebherr-Components North America Co.1465 Woodland Drive, Saline, MI 48176 USA+1 (734) 944 6334E-Mail:*********************Sales RussiaLiebherr-Russland OOOOffice 2, Bolschoi Palaschewskij 13/2121104 Moscow, Russia +7 (495) 280 18 94E-Mail:********************************Sales ChinaLiebherr Machinery Service (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.Building No. 1, 88 Ma Ji Road,200131, Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone, V.R. China +86 21 2893 8039E-Mail:*****************************。