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第三章重要词性了解二、代词Exercises:1. Here is the that his younger brother loves best.A. coffee cupB. coffee’s cupC. cup of coffeeD. coffee of cup2. Mr. Tony always has to tell his students at the beginning of his lectures.A. some good pieces of newsB. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of newsD. some piece of good news3. As a businessman, Mr. Li gained his by selling famous of English and American writers.A. wealth; workB. wealth; worksC. wealths ; worksD. wealths ; work4. He is a kind-hearted man. People can get on well with him.A. FewB. A littleC. Quite a fewD. Little5. The post office isn’t far from here. It’s only bicycle ride.A. half an hours’B. an hour and a halfC. half an hourD. half an hour’s6. The population of Shanghai very big and most of its population native people.A. are ; isB. is ; isC. are; areD. is; are7. —Would you like to have ,Tom?—No, thanks, l have had enough.A. any more orange and applesB. some more oranges and applesC. any more oranges and applesD. some more oranges and apple8. —Which do you prefer to drink, or coffee?—, please.A. teas; Two teaB. tea; Two teaC. tea; Two teasD. teas; Two teas9. lt was really to get a present from him on her birthday party that she couldn’t believe it, looking at him in .A. such big surprise; a surpriseB. such a big surprise; surpriseC. so big surprise; a surpriseD. such big surprise; surprise10. These are bikes. The twin brothers like them very much.A. Jack’s and Jerry’sB. Jack’s and JerryC. Jack’s and Jerry B. Jack and Jerry’s11. —How much water is there in the bottle?—.You’d better come to fetch another bottle.A. A littleB. NothingC. No oneD. None12. Bill works harder than in his class. He is the most excellent student l have met.A. the other boysB. other boysC. any boyD. another boy三、形容词二、比较级1、只能修饰形容词原级的词very, quite, so, too. 例如：He is too tired to walk on. 他太累了以至不能再继续走了。
第三讲句子成分（2）6．定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词（如：something、nothing等）时；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
定语可以由以下这些成分表示：1）形容词The roads, gardens, and playing grounds were all hidden under soft snow.2）数词There are two boys in the room. It was the first snow we had ever seen and we were excited.3）代词或名词所有格He took my umbrella by mistake. Alice’s hair is long and beautiful.4）介词短语People in China are making great effort to make China richer, stronger and more beautiful.5）名词We were having so mush fun when supper time came.6）副词The best teacher here is Lee.7）不定式He has nothing to do while all his classmates are rushed off their feet.8）分词（短语）Films directed by Bruce are popular among us. I hear there are five copies left.9）从句The boy who is reading needs the dictionary which you bought yesterday.Together we built a snowman and a snow house, which excited everyone. 7．状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。
2023初升高英语衔接第3讲十大词类和八种句子成分一、十大词类一句话记住十大词类Wow! The beautiful girl gave two kisses to the boy and run away quickly!口诀助记十大词类: ________________________________________分类名称缩写意义重要考点实词名词n.命名万事万物：分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词可分为__________和__________可数名词变复数、常见不可数名词、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化代词pron.代名词：__________、__________、____________________等各种代词的用法；it的用法动词v.表动作或状态：包括__________、__________和__________谓语动词的时态、语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气；非谓语动词形容词adj.修饰__________或__________形容词变副词；形容词、副词的比较级和最高级；动词、名词变形容词；易混形容词副词辨析副词adv.修饰__________、__________、__________或__________数词num.表数量/顺序：分为__________和__________基数词和序数词的用法介词prep.介词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，需用在__________、__________、__________和__________的前面介词的用法及搭配虚词连词conj.分为__________和__________ 并列连词和从句连词的用法冠词art.用于__________前或“形容词修饰的名词”帮助说明名词含义的一种虚词冠词的用法及搭配感叹词int.表语气了解实词可以____________________，虚词不可以____________________练习1.Young __________(child) sat under a tree with green __________(leaf) and talked about their dreams. Some __________(student) dream was that they hoped they would became great __________(music).2.Mr. Zhang is __________(we) English teacher and he always helps__________(I) learn English patiently. He taught __________(he) when he was young. I consider him a friend of __________(I).3.The boy’s father __________(pass) away two years ago, __________(leave) him a great sum of money.4.In the past few years, great changes __________(take) place in our hometown.5.__________(unlucky), the old man was __________(serious) hurt in the accident. But doctors were__________ (amaze) that the man recovered much _______(quickly) than expected..6.__________(hundred) of guests gathered to celebrate the old man’s_______ (ninety-nine) birthday. Although the old man was in his __________(ninety), he was in good health.7.__________a cold morning, a group __________ policemen searched the forest __________the murderer（杀人犯）.8.They searched everywhere __________still couldn’t find the murder __________ killed the woman.9.As________ university student, I was moved by________movie My people, My country.二、八大句子成分一句话搞懂英语八大句子成分I saw my friend Jack dancing in the room and he was happy.口诀助记八大句子成分: ________________________________________________________________________________主语：动作的发出者，一般位于句首The sun rises in the east. (名词)I am an exchange student from the UK.Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. To start my won company is my dream.That he isn’t at home is not true.It is useful to learn English.The rich are not always happy.How to learn English well troubles me.谓语：即谓语动词，表动作或状态，一般在主语后He practises speaking English everyday.We usually listen to music.He is an excellent teacher.My sister is crying over there.I would stay at home all day.宾语：动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词及介词后He wrote a letter to me.I want to visit the museum.I enjoy listening to popular music.I think that he is fit for the job.I find it hard to learn English.We should help the poor.I don’t know where to go.表语：一般在系动词后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态I’m a freshman at senior high school.The food tastes good.The machine is under repair.My dream is to be an English teacher.My hobby is playing football.The news is exciting. I feel excited.The problem is that we don’t have enough money.The war was over.补语：包括宾语补足语和主语补足语。
☆（三）代词代词是用来指代人或事物，代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。
代词可分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词和连接代词。
初高中衔接相关知识在初中阶段代词这部分，学生应主要掌握人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词等几类；而在高中阶段，学生还需掌握it, such, no, any, one, some以及all等词的用法。
（一）指代必须准确无误如果在使用代词时指代不清楚，就会引起他人的误解、费解，甚至不理解。
例如：her new skirt. 当玛丽从车库把油漆罐搬到屋里时，她担心油漆会溅到她的新裙子上。
（二）使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时，我们要注意他们在句中的人称、单复数、性和格的一致性。
人称代词主要有主格和宾格两种形式。
主格，如：I, we, he, they, she, it, you等，在句子中充当主语；宾格，如：me, us, him, them, her, it, you等，在句子中充当宾语。
（三）反身代词的作用1. 构成规则：（1）第一、二人称的反身代词是形容词性物主代词+ self (selves) 如：myself, yourself(yourselves)等；（2）第三人称的反身代词是宾格+self(selves) 如：herself, itself, themselves等2. 反身代词在句子中作宾语。
当它作介词by的宾语时，表示强调。
如：The prisoner killed himself by taking poison.3. 反身代词在句子中作同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，强调某人亲自、本人；此时放在名词、代词之后，或句子末尾。
如：（四）物主代词1. 形容词性物主代词只能作定语。
如：My brother often does his homework in his room.2. 名词性物主代词在句中充当主语、宾语、表语。
第三章重要词性了解二、代词Exercises:1. Here is the that his younger brother loves best.A. coffee cupB. coffee’s cupC. cup of coffeeD. coffee of cup2. Mr. Tony always has to tell his students at the beginning of his lectures.A. some good pieces of newsB. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of newsD. some piece of good news3. As a businessman, Mr. Li gained his by selling famous of English and American writers.A. wealth; workB. wealth; worksC. wealths ; worksD. wealths ; work4. He is a kind-hearted man. People can get on well with him.A. FewB. A littleC. Quite a fewD. Little5. The post office isn’t far from here. It’s only bicycle ride.A. half an hours’B. an hour and a halfC. half an hourD. half an hour’s6. The population of Shanghai very big and most of its population native people.A. are ; isB. is ; isC. are; areD. is; are7. —Would you like to have ,Tom?—No, thanks, l have had enough.A. any more orange and applesB. some more oranges and applesC. any more oranges and applesD. some more oranges and apple8. —Which do you prefer to drink, or coffee?—, please.A. teas; Two teaB. tea; Two teaC. tea; Two teasD. teas; Two teas9. lt was really to get a present from him on her birthday party that she couldn’t believe it, looking at him in .A. such big surprise; a surpriseB. such a big surprise; surpriseC. so big surprise; a surpriseD. such big surprise; surprise10. These are bikes. The twin brothers like them very much.A. Jack’s and Jerry’sB. Jack’s and JerryC. Jack’s and Jerry B. Jack and Jerry’s11. —How much water is there in the bottle?—.You’d better come to fetch another bottle.A. A littleB. NothingC. No oneD. None12. Bill works harder than in his class. He is the most excellent student l have met.A. the other boysB. other boysC. any boyD. another boy三、形容词二、比较级1、只能修饰形容词原级的词very, quite, so, too. 例如：He is too tired to walk on. 他太累了以至不能再继续走了。
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him. 我弟弟跑得那么快以至我跟不上他。
2、含有as…as（与…一样）的原级表达句式。
例如：Tom is as old as Kate. 汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
Tom is twice as old as Kate. 汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。
Tom runs as fast as Mike. 汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
【注意】1、否定形式not as…as 也可以用成not so…as“不如……不及……。
”例如：He doesn’t walk as slowly as you. 他走路不像你那样慢。
This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。
2、可以修饰比较级的词much, a lot, a great deal, far, by far(……得多)，a little, a bit(……一点儿)，even(甚至)，still(仍然)，any(用于否定、疑问句中)。
例如：Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
Tom looks even younger than before. 汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
This train runs much faster than that one. 这辆火车比那辆跑得快。
She drives still more carefully than her husband. 她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。
【典型例题】1、The experiment was easier than we had expected.A. moreB. much moreC. muchD. more much答案C。
much可修饰比较级，easier本身已是比较级，不能再用more.2、最高级表示三者及三者以上事物间的比较，常与of…，in…连用。
例如：The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。
→The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. 长江比中国其他任何一条河都长。
Of all the planets, the Mercury is the nearest to the sun. 在所有的行星中，水星离太阳最近。
3、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
例如：He is getting taller and taller. 他长得越来越高了.The flowers are more and more beautiful. 花儿越来越漂亮。
4、“the + 比较级…the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。
例如：The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。
【典型例题】children there are in a family, their life will be.A. The less, the betterB. The fewer, the betterC. Fewer, richerD. More, poorer答案B。
由句意得知“家里孩子越少，生活会越好。
”children是可数名词，应用few来修饰。
四、形容词与不定代词的搭配连用当形容词和不定代词something, anything, noting, everything连用时，这些代词应放在前面，形容词在后面。
例如：Do you have anything interesting to tell us all today? 今天有啥有趣的事情跟我们大家说说吗？Take it easy. There is nothing serious with your disease, which is just a cold. 别紧张，你的病无大碍，只是感冒而已。
【典型例题】I have to do today.A. anything importantB. something importantC. important nothingD. important something答案B。
形容词修饰不定代词时应放在其后面。
故排除C、D。
句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”，表示肯定用something.五、形容词与enough的搭配连用当形容词enough和不定代词连用时，形容词放在前面，enough在后面。
例如：Charlie was lucky enough to have been taken to the Loch Ness with families. 查理足够幸运地被家人带着去过尼斯湖。
【注意】1. 只能用作定语，不能用作表语的形容词：little, wooden , golden, many, elder…不能说The boy is little. The watch is golden / wooden.2. 只能作表语，不能用作定语的形容词：well, ill, alone, content, unable, worth, afraid, alive, asleep, ashamed, awake, aware…例如：an ill boy, an alone village就是用错的短语。
可以说an ill idea“坏点子”，ill当定语时是转义，不是“有病的”了。
3. 英语形容顺序当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词，形容词该如何排列？为什么不能说a black new pen,而是说成a new black pen? 这里面有无规则可循？如果你记住下列口决：好美小高状其新，颜色国料特别近。
那你就能掌握英语中系列形容词做前置定语时的排列问题。
“好”代表评价性的形容词，如nice, good, kind等；“美”指描述物体给人的心理感受的形容词，如beautiful, pretty, handsome, ugly, good-looking, lovely等；“小”指描述物体大小的形容词，如small, big, large, little等；“高”指描述物体的高低/矮的形容词，如tall, high, short, deep, wide, shallow, thick等；“状”指描述物体形状的形容词。
