十二式翻译绝招
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英语学习之翻译十绝招各位读友大家好,此文档由网络收集而来,欢迎您下载,谢谢同义反译法例如:酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。
’llbehereforgoodthistime.这一次我再也不走了。
’mout.我不在家的时候,别让炉子灭了。
4.”Wait,heisserious.”等等,他不是说着玩儿的。
5.”Now,Clara,befirmwiththeboy!”听我说,克拉拉,对这孩子可不能心软。
删减解释词例如:Thetravellerinthesouthmustoftenhaveremarkedthatpeculiarairofrefinement,thatsoftnes sofvoiceandmanner,whichseemsinmanycas estobeaparticulargifttothequotationandmul attowomen.到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎,一定会注意到她们十之八九都有那种独特的优雅风度、那种温柔的声音和文静的举止。
短句拆译例如:”...ononesunshinymorninginJune,...”在六月里的一天早上,天气晴朗......译词推陈出新例如:Whenhemightwellhaveactedwithboldness, hefoundhimselffilledwithdoubts,scruplesan dequivocations,inadditiontotheordinaryfear sofalower.原译:当他可以大胆行动的时候,他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外,心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。
改译:等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候,他却迟疑不定,顾虑重重。
至于一般堕入情网的人那种常有的提心吊胆的心理,那就更是难免的了。
原词原译改译when当......的时候等到......的时候actwithboldness大胆行动放胆去追求alover一个情人一般堕入情网的人ordinaryfears普通的害怕种种常有的提心吊胆的心理inadditionto除了......之外那就更是难免的了解释性添词例如:”George,I’mashamedofyou!George,Ic ouldn’thavebelievedyouwouldhavedoneit!I alwaysknewyoutobearollingstonethatgathe rednomoss;butIneverthoughtyouwouldhav etakenawaywhatlittlemosstherewasforBag netandthechildrentolieupon,””乔治,我真替你害臊﹗乔治,想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好:滚着的碌碡不长苔,流浪的汉子不攒财。
翻译十二式把自己修炼成翻译高手(Translation twelve put yourself into a translation master)(I) reverse translation of synonymsExample:"Only three customers remained in the bar."Only three customers in the bar haven't left yet. ("stay" or "stay there")"I'll be here for good this time."This time I won't go any more. Stay here forever"Please keep the fire burning when I'm out."Please don't let the stove out while I'm away. Please keep the stove on fire while I'm out4., "Wait, he, is, serious."""Wait, he's not joking.". "Wait, he's serious.". ")5. "Now, Clara, be, firm, with, the, boy."!""Listen to me, Clara, but the child is not soft hearted. (Translated): "be firm with the child."(two) cut out the explanationExample:The, traveller, in, the, South, must, often, have, remarked, that,, peculiar, air, ofRefinement, that, softness, of, and, manner, which, seems, voice, in, many, cases,, to, be, aParticular, gift, to, the, quotation, and, mulatto, women.To go to the south of the people and mulatto women, must pay attention to them are nine in ten endowed with that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner.(three) short sentences translationExample:"... on, one, sunshiny, morning, in, June.",...""One morning in June, the weather was fine, and..."(four) translating the words from the old to the new onesExample:When, he, might, well, have, with, boldness, acted, he, found, himself, filled, withDoubts, scruples, and, equivocations, in, addition, to, the,ordinary,, fears, of, aLower.When he was bold enough to act, he found himself full of doubts, scruples, and hesitancy, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lover.Eg: when he might well boldly to pursue when he was irresolute, full of worries. As for those who fall in love, there is always a constant fear, which is more difficult to avoid.Original translationWhen when... Wait until...Act with boldness to pursue bold bold actionA lover, a lover who falls in loveOrdinary fears ordinary fears, often haunted by the fear of PsychologyIn addition to, except for..., it's more inevitable(five) explanatory supplement;Example:"George, I'm, ashamed, of, you, George, I, couldn't, have, believed, have, you, would."Done, it, I, always, knew, you, to, be, a, rolling, stone, that, gathered, no, moss, but, INever, thought, you, would, have, taken, away, what, little, moss,, there, was, for, BagnetAnd the, children, to, lie, upon, "said, Mrs., Bagnet..""George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I didn't know you could do such a thing! As the saying goes:" a rolling stone roller no moss, the wandering man does not save money. "I knew you were such a bum! But I never thought you even Begona Te and the children live on it a little bit of money cheated," said Mrs. Begona Te.(six) the indefinite translation of wordsExample:It, is, quite, useless, to, ask, whether, Vanderbilt, was,, criminally, prosecuted, orCivilly, sued, by, the, Government., Not, only, he, unmolested, was, but, two, years, later,He, carried, on, another, huge, swindle, upon, the, Government,, under, peculiary, heinousConditions.We do not have to ask the government whether to prosecute the Vanderbilt under criminal law or civil law. Not only was Vanderbilt at large, but two years later, he committed a huge fraud to the government with an extremely cruel approach.(seven) refined translationExample:A, new, dignity, crept, into, his, walk.The gesture of walking began to give a solemn impression at any moment.It was a bit of dignity to walk.(eight) deleting the word "When"Example1., When, he, saw, me, he, was, startled.He was shocked to see me when he saw me"Gals, When, your, takes, on, and, cry, what's, the, use, of, cracking,, on, them, over, the."Head, and, knocking, on, them, round?""Your nigger woman cry so sad, you also get the whip pumping them without rhyme or reason, half alive, what is the use? "Whenyour female slaves cry so sadly, you also take the whip..."(nine) different translations of exclamationsExample:"O, don't, mother, I, should, like, the, flowers, do, give, them, to, me, I,, want."Them!""Why, Eva, your, room, is, full, now.."""Oh, mom, don't do it! I love the flowers, the flowers for me, I will!"Come on, Eva, the flowers are full in your room. ""Well", "that's odd", "said Marie.", "What in the world do you want that for"?""Oh, what a strange thing!" said Mary. "Why do you want this?" "3. ([Haley, if, you, had, any, conscience.)"Well, I've, got, just, as, much, conscience, as, any, man, in,, business, can, afford, to."Keep - just, a, little, you, know, to, swaer, by, as, were, said, the, trader,Jocularly;..."Well, then, Haley, how, will, you, trade," said, Mr., Shelby, after, an, uneasyInterval of silence.("... Harry, if you have a conscience!". ")"Well, this time how many people of conscience, I also have a little conscience -- look, my conscience is so little, enough to take out swear by," slavers joking;......"Well, Harry, what are you going to do about the deal?" "Said Mr. Shelby, after an interval of silence.(ten) following methodExample:His, delegation, agreed, with, the, Executive, Director/, that, the,, fund, should, continueWorking/, for, a, better, understanding, of, the, interrelationship, economic, between,Social and demographic factors.His delegation agreed with the executive director on the fund's continued efforts to better understand the economic, social anddemographic relations.His delegation agreed with the Executive Director / believed that the fund should continue its efforts / / in order to better understand the three aspects of economic, social and demographic relations.(eleven) reverse demolition method;Example:To, him, there, is, something, divine/, in, the, sympathetic, indulgence, she, substitute /...For, the, angry, disgust/, with, which, one, of, his, own,, country, women, resent, hisSupposed conditon.If a British woman saw him like he assumed that he / she will be drunk, angry and disgusted, but he / Nuola of sympathy and tolerance, / he saw something divine in the middle.(twelve) extract words and syntaxExample:All, the, way, along, the, line, from, the, border, right,, up, to, Peking,至于眼睛可以看到,乡村被一层绿色的地毯覆盖着。
英语翻译十二式-英语,商务英语,英语翻译方法(一) 同义反译法例子:1、Only three customers remained in the bar.酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。
(不译:还“留着”或“还呆在那里”)2、I’ll be here for good this time.这一次我再也不走了。
(不译:“永远在此呆下去”)3、Please keep the fire burning when I’m out.我不在家的时候,请别让炉子灭了。
(不译:“我外出时,请让炉子继续烧着”)4、"Wait, he is serious."等等,他不是说着玩儿的。
(不译:等等,他是认真的。
)5、"Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!"听我说,克拉拉,对这孩子可不能心软。
(不译:……对这孩子要坚定)(二) 删减解释词例子:The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎,准定会注意到她们十之八九都赋有那种独特的优雅风度、的那种柔和的声调和文静的举止。
(三) 短句拆译例子:" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..."在六月里的一天早上,天气晴朗,……(四)译词推陈出新例子:When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to theordinary fears of a lower.原译:当他可以大胆行动的时候,他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外,心里还充满怀疑、的顾虑和踌躇。
四种翻译方法1.直译和意译所谓直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。
每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。
当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时,就应采用意译法。
意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容,但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。
(张培基)应当指出,在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下,直译有其可取之处,一方面有助于保存原著的格调,另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。
Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used.Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.(郭著章)直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下,在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义,求得内容和形式相符的方法。
意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时,不得不舍弃原文的字面意义,以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。
(陈宏薇)简单地说,直译指在译文中采用原作的的表达方法,句子结构与原句相似,但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。
意译指在译文中舍弃原作的表达方法,另觅同意等效的表达方法,或指对原作的句子结构进行较大的变化或调整。
十式翻译绝招(一) 同义反译法例如:1. Only three customers remained in the bar.酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。
(不译:“还留着”或“还呆在那里”)2. I'll be here for good this time.这一次我再也不走了。
(不译:“永远在此呆下去”)3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.我不在家的时候,别让炉子灭了。
(不译:“我外出时,请让炉子继续烧着”)4. "Wait, he is serious."等等,他不是说着玩儿的。
(不译:”等等,他是认真的。
“)5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!"听我说,克拉拉,对这孩子可不能心软。
(不译:”......对这孩子要坚定“) (二) 删减解释词例如:The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in manycases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎,一定会注意到她们十之八九都有那种独特的优雅风度、那种温柔的声音和文静的举止。
(三) 短句拆译例如:" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..."在六月里的一天早上,天气晴朗......(四) 译词推陈出新例如:When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinaryfears of a lover.原译:当他可以大胆行动的时候,他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外,心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。
常用英文翻译十大技巧[口译培训·技巧]英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。
常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。
这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。
一、增译法指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。
英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。
总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。
如:①、What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语)②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)③、Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。
外国人如此翻译功夫绝招1:九阳神功nine man’s power (九个男子的力量)2:冲灵剑法GG and MM ’s soul sword (GG和MM的灵魂之剑,听起来好像很熟悉 )3:九阴真经nine woman’story (九个女人的故事)4:九阴白骨爪 nine woman catch a white bone (九个女人抓著一个白骨,老外看了还以为会出现召唤兽呢)5:神照经 god bless you (神保佑你,我还天国已近勒)6:胡家刀法Dr.hu’sword (胡博士的剑,天哪咱们的胡兄何时成了博士)7:两仪剑法 1/2 sword (二分之一的剑,挖勒请问是左右二分之一还是上下二分之一阿) 8:一阳指 one finger just like a pen is (一只手指像笔一样?? 还真不是盖的)9:洗髓经 wash bone (洗骨头?? 谁敢去给别人洗骨头阿)10:苗家刀法maio’s sword (苗家的刀好啦算你对)11:易筋经change your bone (换你的骨头.老兄算你狠)12:龙象波若功D and E comble togeter (龙和象的混合体???)13:梯云纵心法elevator jump (电梯跳跃???? 在天雷的打击下,电梯产生异变,於是电梯有了生命........)14:轻功水上飘flying skill (飞行技能,好简洁)15:小无相功a unseen power (一种看不见的力量???,原力.....)16:太玄经all fool’s daliy (全是胡言乱语的日记,还真是玄哪)17:胡青牛医书buffulo hu’s medicine book(水牛胡的医书,原来青牛又叫水牛阿)18:五毒秘传the experience of eat drink f**k bet and smoke(吃干赌喝抽菸的经验,这也太毒了吧)19:药王神篇king of drag(摇头之王,武侠也有摇头的阿)20:七伤拳7hurted organ (被伤害的七个器官,有点道理)21:吸星大法suck star over china(吸取全中国的星星,好神阿)22:天山六阳掌 6 men of mountain sky’s press (天山上的六男子掌法,逐字翻也不是这样的吧)23:黯然销魂掌Deepblue press(深深忧郁的掌法,对对对,有忧郁症的都使的出来)24:松风剑法softwind sword(软风剑,这还有点像样)25:回风落雁剑法comeback sword(喝了再上剑,在拍广告吗?)26:血刀经blood strike(cs 的场地都用上啦)27:金刚伏魔圈superman’s cover(超人的保护,老外看了还以为超人会出现呢)28:八荒六合唯我独尊功my name is NO.1(我的名字叫第一,无言......)29:沙射影shoot you with a machine gun(用机关枪射你,这样对吗??)30:葵花宝典sunflower bible /from gentlenan to a lady (太阳花的圣经,可让你从绅士变淑女,欧变性者的一大福音阿)。
(完整版)四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧四种翻译方法1.直译和意译所谓直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。
每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。
当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时,就应采用意译法。
意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容,但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。
(张培基)应当指出,在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下,直译有其可取之处,一方面有助于保存原著的格调,另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。
Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used.Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.(郭著章)直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下,在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义,求得内容和形式相符的方法。
意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时,不得不舍弃原文的字面意义,以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。
(陈宏薇)简单地说,直译指在译文中采用原作的的表达方法,句子结构与原句相似,但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。
第六讲翻译常用八大技巧翻译技巧来自翻译实践。
由于中外语言在词法、句法等方面的不同,表达相同的意思或思想内容就会有不同的句子结构。
在英汉互译时,要做到译文忠实地道,符合译语习惯,就要遵循一定的规律。
翻译技巧就是就是使译文忠实地道的种种方法,这些方法都是人们根据原语和译语的语言差别总结出来的。
因此,原语和译语的共性是翻译之所以能进行的基础,语言的差别也是翻译技巧存在的原因。
中外学者和翻译家在研究各种语言的互译中,找出了不少忠实传达信息的俄规律,总结出了各种各样的翻译技巧。
其中,比较常用的就是不少研究翻译的书中提到的八种方法,即:1. Repetition 重译法;2. Amplification 增译法;3. Omission 减译法;4. Conversion 词类转译法;5. Inversion 词序调整法;6. Division 分译法;7. Negation 正说反译、反说正译法;8. the changes of the voices 语态变换法;在我国出版的不少关于翻译理论语技巧的论著中,其作者对于上述的英文表达有种种相应的汉语说法。
如:ampification——增益(钟述孔),增词法(张培基等),增译法(钱歌川),补译和增词(马祖毅),增文字(陈廷佑);omission ——省略法(钟述孔和张培基等),省译法(钱歌川),减词(马祖毅),减文字(陈廷佑);conversion——转换(钟述孔),词类转移法(张培基等),词类转换(马祖毅),语部变换法(香港:刘天民);inversion——词序调整(钟述孔),倒译法(钱歌川),倒译(马祖毅),颠倒顺序(陈廷佑);negation——正说反译、反说正译(钟述孔),正说、反说表达法(张培基等),正面着笔与反面着笔(马祖毅),改换说法(陈廷佑),反义译法(彭启良);division——长句拆译(钟述孔),分句、合句法(张培基等),拆译与并译(马祖毅),拆开句子(陈廷佑),长句的处理(彭启良);repetition——重复(钟述孔),重复法(张培基等),重译(马祖毅)。
2.十种翻译技巧了解完四种翻译方法后,我们再来了解一下十种常用翻译技巧,即重复法(repetition),增词法(amplification),省略法(omission),词类转换法(conversion),词序调整法(inversion),拆译法(division),正说反译和反说正译法(negation),语态变换法(voice changes),引申法和句子成分转译法。
2.2.1重复法(repetition)重复法(repetition)是在翻译中,为了使译文忠实于原文并且产生意义明确,文字通顺、流畅,符合目的语习惯的文字,而将某一部分文字反复使用的翻译技巧。
例子:1. You must ask the mother at home, the children in the street, the ordinary manin the market and look at their mouth, how they speak, and translate that way; then they’ll understand and see that you’re speaking to th em in German. (重复谓语动词)你一定要问一问家庭主妇们,问一问街头玩耍的孩子,问一问集市上做买卖的百姓,听听他们说些什么,他们如何说,你就如何译;这样他们就会理解,就会明白:你是在用德语和他们讲话。
2. We have to analyze and solve problems. (重复宾语)我们必须分析问题,解决问题。
3. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. (重复省略的部分) 无知是畏惧之源,羡慕之根。
4. But we still have defects, and very big ones. (指代内容的重复)但我们仍有不足,而且是很大的不足。
武峰十二天英汉翻译技巧笔记总结一、步骤及句子类型1.英译汉主要步骤:1、断句2、翻译3、重读译文2.汉译英主要步骤:1、断句2、找谓语3、翻译4、重读译文3.句子类型●长句,无逗号或很少有逗号●先断句,再翻译,再重读●长句,有大量逗号,无需断句●先判断句与句之间的逻辑关系,再决定哪个先翻译,哪个后翻译,再重读●长句,有大量逗号,有大量生词●直接按照原有顺序翻译,查明每个生词的用法,最后重读让句子更加通顺●短句,无逗号●再短的句子也要有逗号,“剥洋葱”的翻译方法4.断句●原有标点处断句,其次从句处,然后非谓语动词处,再介词短语处,最后主语过长也应断句,而且要单独翻译二、中英文三大差异及个别不同1.语言顺序●中:先出主语废话(定语、状语、补语、插入语)最重要成分●英:先出主语最重要部分废话(定语、状语、补语、插入语)2.句子结构●中:善用短句且用标点符号●英:善用长句,不注重标点符号使用3.代词●中文不善用代词(最少用的就是第三人称,因为读音类似)●中文不怕重复●英文善用代词来避免重复,在每个名词前需要有代词或是冠词●英文怕重复4.动静态语言●中文是动态语言,善用动词、形容词和副词●英文是静态语言,善用名词(从句、介词等多)5.意合形合●中文是意合语言,一般没有什么连词,主要通过句子之间的意思来体会相互之间的关系●英文是形合语言,一般有连词,主要通过句与句之间的连词来判断句子之间的关系6.被动●中文中少用被,因为“被”字含贬义●英文中无主语句子比较多,所以被动语态比较频繁7.主语●中文善用人和人体器官做主语●英文善用物体做主语●中文的主语比较长,谓语宾语比较短,称为“非平衡性语言”●英文的主谓宾分配比较均匀,称为“平衡性语言”8.范畴词●中文中一般用大范畴词,例你有多高啊?●英文根据实际情况,该大大该小小,例How tall are you?9.定语排序●中:后置形容词前置形容词后置名词前置名词中心词●英:前置形容词前置名词中心词后置名词后置形容词三、八种译法1.定语从句的翻译●三种译法●前置译法:将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之前,在定语从句后加“的”●八个单词以下的定语从句前置●后置译法:将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之后,但需翻译关系词●八个单词以下的定语从句后置●非限制性定语从句后置译法●句首译法:将定语从句完全置于整个句子的前面,调整全句语序●循环套用●中心词定语1定语2定语3…定语●根据长度判断●定语1定语2约等于定语3就把前两者放在一起翻译●定语1约等于定语2定语3就把后两者放在一起翻译●并列套用●中心词定语1定语3…and定语N●后置译法,关系词翻译一个就够2.非谓语动词的翻译●分词位于句首时,相当于一个状语●译法:找出主语,状语放置主语之前●分词位于名词后,可以当作定语从句●译法:短前后长3.被动语态的翻译●译法●当没有宾语时●将英文中原有的被动语态变成中文的被动语态●隐形被动语态●不用“被”字,找“被”的替代词●常见:为…所,是(由)动词…的●在科技文献中●用“可以”这两个字来代替“被”●直接省略●有“被”不用“被”4.代词的翻译●一,代词要指明要点●二,代词的翻译不要抽象,不具体5.形容词和副词的翻译●一,使用形容词和副词的延伸含义●不拘泥词汇原本意思●二,“相互转换”●形容词和副词具有相同词根,在翻译时可相互转换●三,长的形容词和副词可以单独成句●四,排序●名词比形容词重要,前置定语更重要,靠近中心词的定语重要6.换主语问题●主语是偏正短语时,取“偏”做主语然后再处理“正”●在中文中找到“隐藏主语”●“就近原则”●无主语时,离动词最近的就是主语7.中文四字短语的翻译●●译为AB●eg:干干净净就是clean;漂漂亮亮就是blond●A●译为:AB●eg:浓妆艳抹就是heavy makeup●ABCD●译法:将中文意思解释清楚●eg:锐意进取就是forge ahead with determination●eg:自强不息就是strive to strengthen oneself constantly8.中国特色词汇的译法●第一种:直接译法,用拼音直接写出这个单词,或是用英文直接翻译●第二种:用增词的方法来进行解释●第三种:在页面的底部用注释的方法解释句子中没有被理解的部分●eg:祖师爷译为the Saint Patron of…,外国人可能看不懂,可在下文进行注释四、翻译规律译法1.“一个原则”●译法●在翻译中:偏正短语翻译为主谓结构或把主谓结构翻译为偏正短语●eg:gleaming eyes,将其翻译为主谓结构,就变成了“双眼炯炯有神”●(注意)●“一个原则”的译法不是到处都能用,而是在句子翻译不通顺的情况下,我们才考虑这种译法,这也是让句子变得更加通顺的一个原则2.偏正互换(文学翻译常见)●一般出现在英译汉中,就是把英文中的“偏正短语”翻译成为中文里的“正偏短语”●eg:this treasury of silt,原本译为“泥沙的宝贵”,将原文中的silt和treasury进行互换,就变成了“宝贵的泥沙”3.谓语动词的过渡●例:我支持你●译:I support you(support属强势动词,详见下)●译:I give you my support●方法:就是将原动词译为名词,又找了一个动词性质相对较弱的动词give作为本句的谓语。
翻译技巧十二式翻译技巧十二式引导语:下面店铺就给大家带来翻译技巧十二式,谢谢您的阅读,祝您阅读愉快。
一、词无定译例子:It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditions.我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。
范德比尔特不仅逍遥法外,而且在两年后又以极其凶狠的手段对政府进行弓一次巨大的诈骗。
二、精炼译词例子:A new dignity crept into his walk.原译:走路的姿态不知甚么时候开始给人一种庄重的印象。
改译:走起路来,不觉平添了几分尊严。
三、删削"When"字例子1. When he saw me, he was startled.他看见我,吓了一大跳,(不译:当他看见我的时候,......)2. "When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the head, and knocking on them round?"「你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心,你还拿鞭子没头没脑的抽,把她们打得死去活来,那有甚么用呢?」(不译:当你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心的时候,你还拿鞭子......)四、同义反译法例子:1. Only three customers remained in the bar.酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。
金庸武功之英文译版作者:鲜连来源:《课堂内外(高中版)》2005年第12期金庸小说有一些被翻译成英语,影响到部分英美人士。
由于东西方语言文化的差异,很多武功找不到对应的单词,于是,英语武功就有了如下意想不到的“笑”果:冲灵剑法Boy andgirl’s soul sword(GG和MM的灵魂之剑,听起来好像很熟悉!)九阳神功Nine men’s power(九个男子的力量)九阴真经Nine women’story(九个女人的故事)九阴白骨爪 Nine women catch a white bone (九个女人抓着一个白骨,还以为会出现召唤兽呢。
)神照经God bless you (上帝保佑你,狄云成基督徒了?)胡家刀法Dr. Hu’s sword (胡博士的剑,略等于胡医生的刀。
胡一刀何时成使剑的博士了?)两仪剑法 1/2 sword (二分之一的剑,啊哈,请问是左右二分之一还是上下二分之一呢?)一阳指 One finger just like a pen (一只手指像笔一样。
哈哈,是写狂草还是正楷?)洗髓经 Wash bone (洗骨头?得了白血病的人大约是这种疗法。
)苗家刀法Miao’s sword (苗家的剑。
难道英文中没有刀这个单词?Knife是什么?)易筋经 Change your bone (换你的骨头。
老兄算你狠!)龙象般若功 Dragon and Elephant comble together (龙和象的混合体?典型的望文生“译”!)梯云纵心法 Elevator jumps(电梯跳跃?在天雷的打击下,电梯产生变异,于是电梯有了生命?)水上飘 Flying skill (飞行技能。
好简洁!)小无相功 A unseen power (一种看不见的力量?莫非就是原力……)太玄经All fool’s diary (全是胡言乱语的日记。
还真是玄哪!)胡青牛医书Buffulo Hu’s medicine book(水牛胡的医书。
(一) 同义反译法
例子:
1. Only three customers remained in the bar.
酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。
(不译:「还留着」或「还呆在那里」)
2. I'll be here for good this time.
这一次我再也不走了。
(不译:「永远在此呆下去」)
3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.
我不在家的时候,请别让炉子灭了。
(不译:「我外出时,请让炉子继续烧着」)
4. "Wait, he is serious."
「等等,他不是说着玩儿的。
」(不译:「等等,他是认真的。
」)
5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!"
「听我说,克拉拉,对这孩子可不能心软。
」(不译:「......对这孩子要坚定」)
(二) 删减解释词
例子:
The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of
refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a
particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.
到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎,准定会注意到她们十之八九都赋有那种独特的优雅风度、那种柔和的声调和文静的举止。
(三) 短句拆译
例子:
" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..."
「在六月里的一天早上,天气晴朗,......」
(四) 译词推陈出新
例子:
When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with
doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary fears of a
lower.
原译:当他可以大胆行动的时候,他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外,心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。
改译:等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候,他却迟疑不定,顾虑重重。
至于一般堕入情网的人那种种常有的提心吊胆的心理,那就更是难免的了。
原词原译改译
when 当......的时候等到......的时候
act with boldness 大胆行动放胆去追求
a lover 一个情人一般堕入情网的人
ordinary fears 普通的害怕种种常有的提心吊胆的心理
in addition to 除了......之外那就更是难免的了
(五) 解释性添词
例子:
"George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have
done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I
never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet
and the children to lie upon," said Mrs. Bagnet.
「乔治,我真替你害臊﹗乔治,想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好:『滚着的碌碡不长苔,流浪的汉子不攒财。
』我早晓得你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走,」贝格纳特太太说道。
(六) 词无定译
例子:
It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or
civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later,
he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous
conditions.
我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。
范德比尔特不仅逍遥法外,而且在两年后又以极其凶狠的手段对政府进行弓一次巨大的诈骗。
(七) 精炼译词
例子:
A new dignity crept into his walk.
原译:走路的姿态不知甚么时候开始给人一种庄重的印象。
改译:走起路来,不觉平添了几分尊严。