大学英语听力教程第三册答案主编张民伦(供参考)

全新版《大学英语听说教程》第三册答案（1—6单元）________________________________________UINT1Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. c 2. a 3.bExercise 2:1. She suggested that her husband spend more time with his mother. She said to herhusband, "Life is too short, you need to spend time with the people you love. You probably won'tbelieve me, but I know you love her and I think that if the two of you spend more time together , itwill make us closer."2. 1) ...she was waiting by the door with her coat on and she had her hair curled.2) She had told her lady friends about this.Text 2Exercise 1: 1. c 2. d 3. dExercise 2: 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. FPart C1. b2. c3. b4. d5. dPART DMy First JobMy parents ran a small restaurant. It was open twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.My first job was shining shoes for customers when I was six years old. My duties increased as Igrew older. By age ten I was clearing tables and washing plates. My father made it clear that I hadto meet certain standards. I had to be on time, hard-working and polite to the customers. I wasnever paid for any work I did. One day I made the mistake of telling Dad I thought he should giveme ten pounds a week. He said, "OK, then how about you paying me for the three meals a daywhen you eat here and for the times you bring your friends here for free drinks?" He figured Iowed him about 40 pounds a week. This taught me quite a lot.________________________________________Unit 2Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. b 2. a 3. d 4. cExercise 2:1984 / son / medical school / tuition / afford it / realize / newspaper ads / extra business /advertisement / succeeded / agent / changed / phone call / put aside / doing / immediately /familiar / father-in-law's / visited / his father-in-law alive / coincidence.Text 2Exercise 1: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. FExercise 2:1. He was intrigued.2. A bank statement.3. his father-in-law had put an amount of money in the bank for his grandchildren's education.4. A little over $15,000.5. He could use the money to cover the tuition of his first year at a medical college.6. He is a doctor in Illinois.Part C1. F2. T3. F4. F5. T6. T7. F8. TPART DUnexplained ParallelsOne of the best-known collections of parallels is between the careers of Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. Both were shot on a Friday, in the presence of their wives; both were succeeded by a Southerner named Johnson; both their killers were themselves killed before they could be brought to justice. Lincoln had a secretary called Kennedy; Kennedy a secretary called Lincoln. Lincoln was killed in the Ford Theater; Kennedy met his death while riding in a Lincoln convertible made by the Ford Motor Company -- and so on.Similar coincidences often occur between twins. A news story from Finland reported of two 70-year-old twin brothers dying two hours apart in separate accidents, with both being hit by trucks while crossing the same road on bicycles. According to the police, the second victim could not have known about his brother's death, as officers had only managed to identify the first victim minutes before the second accident.Connections are also found between identical twins who have been separated at birth. Dorothy Lowe and Bridget Harrison were separated in 1945, and did not meet until 1979, when they were flown over from Britain for an investigation by a psychologist at the University of Minnesota. (8处答案为met,34)They found that when they met they were both wearing seven rings on their hands, two bracelets on one wrist, a watch and a bracelet on the other. They married on the same day, had worn identical wedding dresses and carried the same flowers. Dorothy had named her son Richard Andrew and her daughter Catherine Louise; Bridget had named her son Andrew Richard and her daughter Karen Louise.(10处答案similar自己看下这个不一定, children) In fact, she had wanted to call her Catherine. Both had a cat called Tiger. They also had a string of similar mannerisms when they were nervous.How can we explain the above similarities?________________________________________Unit 3Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. b 2. c 3.aExercise 2:1. Because she wanted to understand each other's expectations so that potential problems could be avoided and they could live happily together.2. Cleaning up. Everything must be cleaned up and put away before going to bed.3. Sleeping. Time for bed: 11pm; time to get up: 6:30am except on weekends.Text 2Exercise 1: 1. F 2.F 3.T 4.TExercise 2:1. One rule says that if they get lost for more than five minutes when they are driving, they must stop and ask for directions.2. Once Tom and Linda got lost when they were driving to a friend's wedding.3. Linda wanted to stop at a gas station to ask the way, but Tom thought he could figure it out.4. As a result, they were late for the wedding because they went in the wrong direction for forty miles.Part C1. ...not so special/not extremes2. a. ...get angry quickly b. ...change themselves...PART D原文Husbands and Wives Don't See Things AlikeLet's face it -- husbands and wives just don't see things alike. Take TV remote controls, for example. I'm a channel-grazer. When I watch the news, I flip back and forth through four different networks."It drives me crazy when you do that," my wife complains. I don't understand why she has no interest in other channels. After all, she is a woman who wants to know everything going on in the neighborhood and among all the relatives. Just one button away might be an interesting program on How to Lose Fifty Pounds by Eating Chocolate Sundaes or How to Understand Weird Husbands. But, no, she won't change channels, not even if she dislikes the program she's watching."This talk show host makes me so angry!" she cried one evening."Then why don't you change the channel?" I asked."Because I can't stand people who are always changing channels."Differences. No right or wrong, just differences."The first law of civilization," said an old philosopher, "is to let people be different."I don't need to convert my wife to my ways, and she doesn't try to make me be like her. We simply take turns monitoring the remote control.1. The major difference between the speaker and his wife is their TV viewing habits.2. According to the speaker, he is more interested in talk shows while his wife is more interested in news programs.3. The wife seems to be more weird than the husband is.4. The speaker and his wife usually take turns working the remote control when they watch television.5. It can be inferred that women are generally more tolerant than men of their spouse's differences.6. The speaker and his wife maintain peace not by changing each other but by tolerance.________________________________________Unit 4Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. d 2. c 3.aExercise 2:Sam has been a police officer for 30 years. He has done everything from patrol to undercover work. He has also done detective work and now he is supervising investigations.Sam thinks being a police officer is a very stressful job, but it depends on the assignment one has. In his opinion the biggest pert of the stress is the fear of the unknown and patrol is the most stressful assignment.Text 2Exercise 1: 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. TExercise 2:1. ... One is an exercise program, another is a psychological program with counseling for officers. And there are several discussion groups as well for officers to sit down and talk about their stress with other officers.2. 2)...He tries to get some sort of exercise every day. 3)...his personal relationships, especially his relationships with his wife.Part C1. d2. d3. d4. b5. cPART DFinding Creative Outlets for Very Stressful TimesBeautifying your home is a fun and practical pastime that can offer a wonderful sense of accomplishment. Few people may realize, however, that painting the walls, knitting bedspreads or sewing pillows can help relieve the life pressures we all experience.Studies indicate that engaging in creative endeavors such as sewing and crafting can lower one's risk of stroke, kidney damage and heart disease.These calming, repetitive activities relax the mind and can lower blood pressure. Sharing such activities can also be a way to spend time with loved ones, which increases our sense of belonging and further reduces stress.People have always turned to working with their hands in times of stress. Handicraft works, with their symbols of hope, have a far greater impact when created by groups.Keep in mind the following tips to increase the stress-relieving benefits of your craft projects:1. Work with materials that stimulate the senses; work in a comfortable area without distractions; play your favorite music.2.(4处答案framing) Make a family project of selecting your favorite photos, and frame them so they can be enjoyed every day. In stressful times, the photos can lift your spirits as you recall happy moments.3. If your schedule is hectic, choose a practical project that will make the most of crafting time. Ifa simple kitchen curtain needs to be replaced, start there.Change sometimes compels us to see things in new ways.________________________________________Unit 5Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. D 2. DExercise 2: 1. F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.TText 2Exercise 1:1. Reaching Everybody by Exposing Lies2. They launched an advertising campaign to call on youth to fight against tobacco companies by starting the "Not fro Sale" commercial on television and radio.3. They intend to spread the message that teenagers no longer want to be targeted by tobacco companies in their advertisements.Exercise 2: 1. c 2.a 3.c 4.c 5.bPart CSkatescooterMostly made in SwitzerlandIn 1999Not until it was popular in JapanFor sport; for transportation from home to the underground or from a bus stop to the officea variety of people, from students to business executivesCan be folded up without difficulty and is easy to carry aboutPART D答案（仅供参考）16 years old，go to college, clothes and boys, her grades slipped, a scholarship, wealthy, afford, tuition，normal，fashion and dating，a talk，think about ,putting college off，wait, 未知,push ,take her education, seriously原文She Doesn't Seem Ready for CollegeHi, Jenny, you don't look happy. What's wrong?Jenny: Well, Roger, I've got a problem.Roger: What is it?Jenny: You know my daughter Jane is 16 years old now. And we've begun talking about college. She says she wants to go, but she's let her grades slip and no matter how I urge her to study, all she seems interested in are clothes and boys. We're not wealthy, you know. And it won't be easy for us to afford the tuition if she can't get a scholarship. Is going to college the best choice for her right now?Roger: Do you mean that she doesn't seem ready for college?Jenny: You're right.Roger: Then you'd better have a serious talk with Jane about college.Jenny: A serious talk with her?Roger: Yes, to my mind it's quite normal for girls her age to be wrapped up in fashion and dating, but as a mother you have a right to expect her to pay attention to her studies too.Jenny: Yes, but how?Roger: Ask her how serious she is about college and how hard she's willing to work for it. Jane may be more committed than you realize. But if not, tell her she should think about putting collegeoff for a while. That could give her the push she needs to take her education seriously.Jenny: Sounds like a good idea.Roger: And if you decide she should wait, she can get a job, take classes at a community college or do an internship to get experience. She may be just one of those who need to see a bit of real life before they settle down.________________________________________Unit 6Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. D 2. CExercise 2:Leaves are Nature's food factories. Plants take water from the ground through their roots and carbon dioxide from the air. Then leaves turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. This process is called photosynthesis. Leaves are mostly green because chlorophyll is green. As a matter of fact, there are, in leaves, small amounts of yellow and orange all along, but they are covered up by the green chlorophyll in summer. They show up in fall as chlorophyll disappears from the leaves, due to the decline of photosynthesis. The bright reds and purples we see in leaves of trees like maples are made mostly in fall. The brown color of trees like oaks is made from wastes left in the leaves.Text 2Exercise 1: 1. C 2. BExercise 2:1. They are leaf pigments, length of night, and weather.2. It is the steadily increasing length of night.3. They change their colors at the same time no matter whether they are on a high mountain or in warm lowlands because the timing of color change seems to be genetically inherited.4. It is because their needle-like or scale-like foliage is covered with a heavy wax coating and the liquid inside their cells contains cold-resistant elements.5. In the Arctic because the winter there is too cold.Part CExercise: 1. T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.TPart D答案Where,原文For years Mr. Urquhart and his colleagues wondered where the migratory monarchs spent the winter. (第3、4空答案mystery仅供参考，his colleagues wondered)Despite their hopes, fieldwork in Florida and along the Gulf Coast discovered no large groups of wintering monarchs. Then in late 1972, his wife Norah wrote to newspapers in Mexico about the project, asking for volunteers to report sightings of the butterfly and help with tagging. Finally, in response came a letter, dated February 26, 1973, from a man called Kenneth Brugger in Mexico City, who offered to help find the butterfly hideaway.Traveling in his motor home, Brugger drove back and forth across the Mexican countryside, looking for clues. He was especially watchful at dusk, when the butterflies would be moving about looking for a place to sleep.At last, one day was successful. On the evening of January 9, 1975, Brugger called fromMexico. "I have found them -- millions of monarchs -- in evergreens beside a mountain clearing," he said, unable to control the excitement in his voice.High in a range of volcanic mountains that crosses central Mexico, he came upon hundreds of evergreen trees, each entirely hidden by sleeping butterflies. Some of the insects wore tags that Mr. Urquhart and his helpers had put on them in Canada and the northern United States. The mystery was solved! The monarchs' winter home is well suited to their needs. Throughout the winter the temperature stays near freezing. It is not cold enough to kill the visiting insects, but it is chilly enough to keep them from moving about. The butterflies survive on the stored fat from their summer foods.In spring the butterflies awaken and fly north again. Tagged butterflies, which were marked in Mexico, have been found in the United States.So one mystery is solved. But another remains. How do the butterflies find their way? Those that migrate south in the fall were born sometime during the summer or early fall. They have never been to Mexico. Yet they somehow seek out the same resting places. The mystery of how they find their way is left for future scientists to solve.________________________________________。

Listen this way听力教程第三册-6Unit 6 Find the Right Words Part I Getting ready Audioscript:The English language can be traced back to prehistoric Indo-European through the West Germanic line. However, many other influences have shaped the development of Modern English. We will review some important dates in the history of the English language. The first three are Latin influences:1. In 5,5 B.C. Caesar conquered Britain and the Celtic people.2. In 43. B.C. Rome colonized the island.3. The Romans remained for 400 years (the first four centuries of the Christian Era).The next significant dates were:4. The year 499 (which was the year of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of the island).5. From 500 on, the West Germanic language was the basic language of Britain (or England).Influences from other languages continued however.6. In the sixth and seventh centuries England was Christianized by missionaries sent by the Pope (so that Latin influence continued).Then,7. In the eig11th and ninth centuries the Norsemen (Vikings), invaded England with their Old Norse language.8. In 1066. the Norman Conquest brought French linguistic influence.9. The French influence continued for 300 years (the ninth century through the 11th century).10. And finally, in the fifteen and sixteen hundreds, when classical learning was revived, there was continued Latin language influence.Audioscript:1. People are delighted if you can speak their language, and they don't care how well you speak it. They are not upset when you make mistakes. I think in order to learn, you mustn't be afraid of making mistakes.2. I'm a very shy person and it's not easy for me to talk to strangers. But you have to force yourself to talk to people. That's what I did and it really helped me.3. I think the best language learners are people with a sense of humor. Try to laugh at your own mistakes and don't take yourself too seriously. You'll find that other people will be sympathetic when you make mistakes.4. I took two courses in business studies. I read, studied, listened to lectures and took notes in English. It was a very good experience for me because I didn't have time to think about the language. I recommend forgetting about the grammar and thinking about the meaning instead.5. In my experience, learning a foreign language always involves a lot of time, a lot of boring work and lots of problems! In short, if you want to learn another language you have to work hard.6. Try to read as much as you can. I think that's the best way to improve your English and to learn more new words.I always try to read something in English everyday.Part II Skills to communicate badnewsAudioscript:Avi Arditti：I'm Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on Wordmaster: giving doctors better skills tocommunicate bad news.Rosanne Skirble：Anthony Back is a medical oncologist at the University of Washington and the FredHutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle. Heand four colleagues are in the fifth year leadinga program funded with one and one-half milliondollars from the National Cancer Institute.Avi Arditti：Doctor Back says specially trained actors play cancer patients to help oncologists learn how toavoid sounding insensitive when the prognosis isgrim.Anthony Back：Probably the biggest misconception I face is that you're either born with this or you're not. Infact, what the research shows is that people learnto do this over time. And the way they learn to doit is they see good role models, they practice, theyget specific feedback on what they're doing, theytry-out new things, they innovate and develop newconversational practices for themselves.Avi Arditti：Can you give us some examples of those conversational practices -- what are some ways toimpart bad news?Anthony Back：Here's an example: The patient has had cancer in the past, has been doing well and is coming infor some routine follow-up tests. The routinefollow-up tests unexpectedly show the cancer hasstarted to come back.The doctor will typically go in and say to thepatient, "Guess what, your cancer's back." And thepatient will be just blown away, right? There area couple of practices there that doctors can do thatcan help. One is to start with -- especially if youdon't know the patient -- asking what the patientexpected, what did they understand about theircancer, what were they expecting with this test.Because if the patient says to you "You know, theydidn't tell me anything. I'm just here because I gotthis appointment in the mail," that's one whole kindof comprehension level. Whereas if the patient says"I had a Tl Nl MO lung cancer and they told me I hada fifty-five percent chance of disease recurrencein the next two years," that's a whole differentstory, right?The second thing is that after you give thisdifficult news, then I think it's really importantto address both the cognitive reaction and also thekind of the emotional side of it.Rosanne Skirble： What are some of the phrases or the ways in which you can couch this news?Anthony Back：You know, the way to make it easier is to make sure that you are going from the context the patientdrew for you. So you go from what the patientunderstands and you try to use their words as muchas possible. And then, when you get to the reallybad part of the news, I think it's actuallyimportant to be direct and concrete and not to couchthe news. It's better to say "The cancer has comeback" than to say "There are hypo-densities in yourliver on the CT" (or) "You have a malignancy." Allthose euphemisms force patients to struggle tounderstand what's happening to them, and it adds totheir confusion and distress.Rosanne Skirble: ：Well, should they say things like "I wish things were different" or "I hope for the best," orshould a doctor kind of maintain a distance? Anthony Back：You know, my thought about that actually is that the more skilled the physician, the less theyhave to distance themselves. There are some phrasesthat we use, and the most important ones are reallythe ones that are about empathy for the patient. Youknow, "I see this is a difficult situation, I seethis is not what you expected, I'm hoping for thebest." And I think it's fine for doctors to talkabout hope, and I think it's important actually. AviArditti：Let me ask you, have you seen any cultural differences come up in the training programs asyou've had doctors go through?Anthony Back：You know, we have actually a verymulticultural group of physicians who come, andthey all bring in all their own different valuesabout how frank should people be. Because theAmerican standard, of course, is that patientsthemselves get all the information, they make thedecision themselves, and there's this very strongemphasis on autonomy. And in a lot of other culturesthat's really not the case.Rosanne Skirble：And what got you started in the first place?Anthony Back：What got me started was, when I was an oncology trainee, and this was after a personal experience-- my mother had died of a pre-leukemia kind of thing-- I remember walking around in the bone-marrowtransplant wards with this experienced -- it wasthis other, older senior physician -- going aroundhaving these life-and-death conversations withpatients and thinking, God, there has got to be abetter way to do this.Avi Arditti：The result, says Doctor Anthony Back in Seattle, is a program that has now trained about onehundred-eighty oncologists at retreats held twicea year. The program Web site is --that's o-n-c-o-t-a-l-k dot i-n-f-o.Part III Foreign accentsAudioscript:Section IAs far as I'm concerned, I do tend to judge people I meet by their accents. I don't mean that I'm a sort of snob, and only like people with posh accents, but I never feel comfortable with a new person until I've been able to place them from the way they speak. If it's an English person, I feel much more at ease if I can say "Ah, he comes form Liverpool", or "He's probably been to public school". I suppose then I know what to talk about and what to expect from the other person.The same is true of foreigners. Personally, I prefer a foreigner to speak with a recognizable foreign accent, so that I know that I'm talking to a Frenchman, a Ghanaian, a Pole, and so on. So for me, it seems a bit pointless for foreigners to try desperately hard to get rid of their national accent and try to speak BBC English. If someone is clearly French, I know there's no point in talking about cricket or making jokes about the Irish. And frankly, I think it even sounds more attractive. I can't really explain why, but if a person has a foreign accent, they seemto be more interesting, even if they are saying the most ordinary things.Audioscript:Section IIMind you, there is a limit to intelligibility. If the accent is so strong that you have a struggle to understand what they are saying, then that gets in the way of the conversation, and the flow is broken while you try to sort out the sounds into meaningful bits. I don't mean an accent as strong as that. I'm talking about the kind of accent where you can tell immediately which country the person comes from, but where they've got enough English to carry on a good conversation without searching for words, or messing up the grammar so that you lose the thread. I suppose it's the kind of accent most foreigners have, really. To be honest, it's only a very few who have such a good ear that they produce more or less genuine British English, and even then it can be quite amusing because they may have picked up a clearly regional accent, or even a very upper-class accent which doesn't fit in with their character at all. But most foreigners who learn English aredesperately keen to get rid of their foreign accents and waste a lot of time trying to do so.Part IV More about the topic: Love and GrammarAudioscript:Are you looking for love? When you want to impress a potential girlfriend or boyfriend, you take great care with your appearance and try to be on your best behaviour. But . . . what about your grammar? Do you check if you are using verbs and commas properly?If not, you'd better think again. The research arm of dating site OKCupid has suggested that bad grammar can ruin your love life. It looked at 500 000 first contacts on the site and concluded that "netspeak, bad grammar and bad spelling are huge turn-offs".On the other hand, the correct use of apostrophes seems to be quite an aphrodisiac. Using "don't" and "won't" caused better than average response rates says the research.American writer Twist Phelan, who went on 100 online dates in 100 days and later married someone she met online, believes that grammar is an important "filter system" for prospective partners. She says: "If you're trying to date a woman, I don't expect flowery Jane Austen prose. But aren't you trying to put your best foot forward?" Perhaps you think you are ready to start looking for an English-speaking girlfriend or boyfriend. Am I right? You go online, look at the picture and start calling him or her "beautiful", "gorgeous" and "sexy" before you meet. Will it work? The research says it won't! The wrong adjective can put a full stop on a potential relationship. People enjoy receiving compliments but not when they sound like a pick-up line.General compliments such as "cool", "it's nice that ..." and "awesome" got good responses from the dating site users.So now you are ready. Keep your wits about you because many things online are not what they seem; and watch your vocabulary and punctuation.Some say that a comma might even save lives -- as in the example: "Let's eat, my darling!" as opposed to "Let's eat my darling!"Can you see which one would grant you a meal with your date and which one would land you in jail?Part V Do you know ...? Audioscript:Alex：Hello, Carole? Is that you?Carole：Alex! What on earth are you doing ... a stupid question, you're doing the same as I am.Alex：What are you laughing at?Carole： Well, actually I'm just reading this article in Punch. It's the Franglais column. It's very funny. Alex：Oh, yes, yes, er ...Carole：I know this is only a spoof, but I think these adaptions of English into French or French intoEnglish can be very funny. How does it occuractually?Alex：Oh, I suppose it came after the war, you know when the Americans were in France and a lot of Englishwords and expressions came into French. Er ... Carole：Oh, I see, yes, so ...Alex：But after that there was a strong reaction against it, I think.Carole：You mean people don't... aren't very keen on it.A sort of linguistic imperialism.Alex：Exactly, yes, er, take the ex ... example like "lift"you see. We've got no, no word in French for "lift". Carole：You mean "lift", the thing that goes up and down ... Alex：No, no. No, no, I mean, erm, would you like a lift home or something like that.Carole： Mm.Alex：Would you like a lift. What would you say in French?You would say something like, er, can I take you homewith my car?Carole：Oh, I see, so ...Alex：It's so much easier to say er, would you like a lift, you see.Carole：... I see, so in fact it's often for words that there's no equivalent for in...Alex：Yes, that... that's it, yes.Carole：... in French.Alex：Yes.Carole：Or something ... I suppose the same would apply to something like erm, "le weekend".Alex：Yes, yes. That goes a bit ... that goes back a bit.Yes, I suppose it was something er, before, evenbefore the first World War.Carole：Oh, that one's really old. Are there any more recent examples?Alex：Er, oh yes. "Speakerine" is a good example. Carole：Speakerine?Alex：Speakerine, yes.Carole：That doesn't even sound French. That sounds more German.Alex：Yes, it's a bit of a monster actually. You know, it means an announcer or a, a newsreader.Carole：Oh, I see, on the, on the box!Alex：Yes.Carole：And there are other things, aren't there, that are distortions like that. Erm ... oh, what's the oneI can, erm ... "le smoking" ...Alex：Ah, le smoking, yes.Carole：... which means, er, dinner jacket in English ... Alex：And we say smoking in French. It's very strange, in fact. But you've got another one, "the training",the training. And you ...Carole：What's that?Alex：Oh, it's like, it's like a pyjama in French. And you will say, I don't know, er...Carole：The pyjama?Alex：... children it's getting late, erm, put, put your training on and go to bed.Carole：How peculiar, because I mean, training means something quite different. Are there any otherreasons why we borrow, why the French borrow words,borrow English words?Alex：Er, snob value, I suppose.Carole：Oh, really.Alex：Oh, yes. Er ...Carole：You mean English words are snobbish in French? Alex：Yes. They would, they would take a word like "building" and think it's much better to live in abuilding than to be -- to live in a house. Carole：How strange, because building is such ... Alex：So we say building; we are living in the building.Carole：It's such a mundane word in English. I mean, it sounds just so ordinary.Alex：Yes, it is.Carole：But surely, I mean something like "le parking" which is very common, that, that can't have snob value,can it?Alex：No, no, of course, I mean just the French is cumbersome.Carole： Mm. Receptionist: Mrs. Harding, could you go through now please?Carole：Oh dear! I've got to go.Alex：Bye, bye, Carole.Carole：I hope it's not too painful, Alex. Thanks, bye.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:-- Jove! Good heavens!-- Oh, sir. Is there any sign of it stopping?-- I'm afraid not. It's worse than before.-- Oh, dear.-- If it's worse, it's a sign it's nearly over. Cheer up, captain. Buy a flower off a poor girl?-- I'm sorry. I haven't any change.-- Oh, I can change half a crown. Here, take this for tuppence.-- I told you, I'm awfully sorry. I haven't ... Oh, wait a minute. Oh, yes. Here's three pence, if that's any use to you.-- Thank you, Sir.-- Hey, you, be careful. Better give him a flower for it. There's a bloke here behind that pillar, taking down every blessed word you're saying.-- I ain't done nothing wrong by speaking to the gentleman. I've a right to sell flowers if I keep off the curb. I'm a respectable girl, so help me. I never spoke to him except to ask him to buy a flower off me!-- Oh, don't start!-- What's all the b100ming noise?-- There's a "tec" taking her down.-- Well, I'm making an honest living!-- Who's doing all that shouting?-- Where's it coming from?-- Oh, sir. Don't let him charge me! You don't know what it means to me! They'll... They'll take away me character and drive me on the streets for ... for speaking to gentlemen!-- There, there, there, there. Who's hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for?-- On my Bible oath, I never spoke a word.-- Oh, shut up, shut up. Do I look like a policeman?-- Then what do you take down me words for? How do I know you took me down right? You just show me what you wrote about me. Oh. What's that? That ain't proper writing. I can't read it.-- I can. I say, captain, now buy you a flower off a poor girl.-- Oh, it's cause I called him "captain". I meant no harm. Oh, sir. Don't let him lay a charge against me for a word like that!-- Charge? I'll make no charge. Really, sir. If you are a detective, you needn't begin protecting me against molestation from young women until I askyou. Anyone can tell the girl meant no harm.He ain't no "tec". He's a gentleman. look at his boots. How are all your people down at Selsey?Who told you my people come from Selsey?Never mind. They do. How do you come to be up so far east? You wereborn in Lisson Grove.Oh. What harm is there in my leaving Lisson Grove? It weren't fit for apig to live in and I had to pay four and six a week. Oh, live where you like, but stop that noise.Come, come. He can't touch you. You have a right to live where youplease.I'm a good girl, I am!Yes, dear. Yes.Where do I come from?Hoxton.Well, who said I didn't? Blimey, you know everything, you do.You, sir. Do you think you could find me a taxi?I don't know whether you've noticed it, madam, but it's stopped raining.You can get a motorbus to, uh, Hampton Court. Well, that's where youlive, isn't it?What impertinence!Hey, uh, tell him where he comes here, you want to go fortune telling.Cheltenham, Harrow, Cambridge and, uh, India?Quite right!Blimey, he ain't a "tec". He's a b100ming busybody. That's what he is.If I may ask, sir, do you do this sort of thing for a living at a music hall?Well, I have thought of it. Perhaps I will one day.He's no gentleman. He ain't, to interfere with a poor girl! How do you do it, may I ask?Simple phonetics. The science of speech. That's my profession. Also myhobby. Anyone can spot an Irishman or Yorkshireman by his brogue, butI can place a man within six miles. I can place him within two miles inLondon. Sometimes within two streets.He ought to be ashamed of himself, unmanly coward!Is there a living in that?Oh, yes. Quite a fat one.Let him mind his own business and leave a poor girl alone ... Woman! Cease this detestable "boohooing" instantly ... or else seek theshelter of some other place of worship.-- I've a right to be here if I like, same as you.-- A woman who utters such disgusting and depressing noise has no right to be anywhere, no right to live. Remember that you're a human being with a soul and the divine gift of articulate speech, that your native language is the language of Shakespeare and Milton and the Bible. Don't sit there crooning like a bilious pigeon.-- Oh!-- You see this creature with her curbstone English, the English that'll keep her in the gutter till the end of her days? Well, sir. In six months, I could pass her off as a duchess at an Embassy ball. I could even get her a job as a lady's maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English.-- Here, what's that you say?-- Yes, you squashed cabbage leaf; you disgrace to the noble architecture of these columns; you incarnate insult to the English language. I could pass you off as, uh, the Queen of Sheba.-- Oh! You don't believe that, captain?-- Anything's possible. I, myself, am a student of Indian dialects.-- Are you? Do you know Colonel Pickering, the author of Spoken Sanskrit?-- I am Colonel Pickering. Who are you?-- I'm Henry Higgins, author of Higgins' Universal Alphabet. -- I came from India to meet you.-- I was going to India to meet you!-- Higgins!-- Pickering!。

Unit 1 Under the Same RoofPartⅠ B. 1.picture two2.picture one3.picture four4.picture threeC. 1.He’s a cook2.There are six people in my family3.She turned twenty in August4.They live in Tokyo5.I have two brothers and one sister6.His name is David7.She works in a hospital8.Since 19949.Yes,two daughters and one son10.We met at my best friend’s bi rthday partyPartⅡ A. 1.The parents 2.The children 3.Different but equal4.Women’s5.You know that you have to work at it to create love6.Helping people learn to work at their relationships to make their relationship workB. lauthoritarian model:children have no rightspermissive era:children are the bosses;they are allowed to do whatever they want to;parents run around behind themthird position:parents and children are different but equal women’s movement:women demand a freer choice about who they are and how they can beappreciation for men: (1) being bread-winner and providersfor families (2) being more involved with their childre arranged marriage:you have to work at it to create the lovemarriage out of love:you don’t know how to work at it when it gets tricky,and you are more easily to opt outPartⅢ A. 1.separate2.Smoking,drinking3.collecting4.On the railway5.easy6.Play a lot of games7.go out,18B. 1.(F) 2.(F) 3.(T) 4.(F) 5.(F) 6.(T) PartⅣ A. 1.wise,knows2.thankless,provider,enemy3.poorest,richest4.trust,educate5.fourteen,ignorant,stand,around,twenty-one,astonished,learned6.hard,hardships,hardships,through,started7.realizes,right,wrong8.baby,woman,woman,back9.need,strong,protectionB. Dad,Daddy,meal,greeting cardsee,24%,1960,8%married,poor,leave school,crimelarge,ended,50%,1960,6%70%,8%,15%,different1960s,involved,love,unemotional,leaders,punished, Most,cleaning 1960s,1970s,interested,wives,housework,earnsSeveral,health,fatherhoodUnit 2 Smacking or Reasoning?PartⅠ B. trouble,obeyed,play with,winewise,dear,late,oftenresults,stopped,wanted,allowedPartⅡ A. 1.22.Student Medical Adviser3.22221224.Fifteen5.About ten minutes6.Christine7.worried,safe8.go out again9.sit down,chatB. 1.b 2.c 3.d 4.a 5.c PartⅢ A. 1.K 2.P 3.P 4.K 5.P 6.PB. Speaker 1 : Approval of Punishment to Some Degreediscipline,too muchSpeaker 2 : Disapproval of PunishmentTalk,explain,wrongSpeaker 3 : Disapproval of PunishmentTalk withSpeaker 4 : Disapproval of PunishmentstrictSpeaker 5 : Approval of Punishment to Some Degreesmack,hand,armSpeaker 6 : Approval of Punishment to Some Degreeshout,reason,send,up to,let,spankPartⅣ adopted,born,accept,cruel,particular,parents,directly,great,biological,same,due to,early,hear,sad, told,person,shock,left,teenagers,trust,deceived,suggests,felt,thought,closely,suitablePartⅤ A. 1.Two TV plays2.At least 45 minutes3.Yes4.Doing piano lessons and reading a bookB. 1.(T) 2.(F) 3.(F) 4.(F)Unit 3 A Sweet,Sweet HomePartⅠ B.可对照原文找答案PartⅡ A. 1.Notes : pot-plantsType of the Dream House : a canal boat2.Type of the Dream House : a detached modern house3.Notes : Cornwall,unspoiltType of the Dream House : a cottage in a small village by the sea4.Type of the Dream House : a white-walled villa in Spain5.Type of the Dream House : a big old family house in the country6.Notes : daft,isolated,high tideType of the Dream House : an enormous castle on an isolatedislandB. 1.Bright red2.On a little roof-garden3.White pillars4.Cliffs and treets5.Plunge into the sea6.Its heat7.A dry-stone wall8.By a boatPartⅢ A. Things That Will Be Taken Away : fridge,washing machineTings That Will Be Left Bahind : gas cooker/stove,gas fire,plumbing, electric shower,ovenB. The smallest bedroom : a bedThe medium sized bedroom : a fitted cupboardsome shelvesThe largest bedroom : a wash basina double fitted cupboard a double bedThe bathroom : an airing cupboardan electric shower1.(F)2.(F)3.(T)4.(F)5.(T)PartⅣ 45%,married parents,18,traditional,25%population,live,changes,occupy,one parent,not married,related,family members,same sexdecreased,in a hurry,financial security,later,having childrenlonger,left homeliving alone,27 000 000,26%,choose,failed,65,died100 000 000,households,25%,7 000 000,high rate,unmarried,one third2 000 000,increaseeffects,government,added,social service,two-parentPartⅤ 1.(F) 2.(T) 3.(F) 4.(F) 5.(T) 6.(F)7.(T)Unit 4 Going to School [Ⅰ]PartⅠ B. 1.(T) 2.(F) 3.(T) 4.(F) 5.(T) 6.(T) 7.(F) 8.(F) 9.(F)C. 1.b 2.c 3.a,c,f 4.b,c,e,f,g,h,i,l 5.d 6.a7.c 8.bPartⅡ A. 1.The French teacher2.For five years3.13 years4.French and German5.Grammar and vocabulary6.Video and cassettes7.Conversation class8.Visit FranceB. Nationality:EnglishAppearance: hair: blackeyes: darkeyebrows: very thick and bushyother features: glasses with black frames Lesisure activity: music: playing pianosingingsport: rugbytennisFamily: three children and an interesting wifeC. serious,friendly,learned a lot,strict,work very hard,interesting,France and the French,languages,university, foreign language,opening a door,a window,foreign country,do things,think,only way,best wayPartⅢ A. Advantages : unexpected,entertaining/funnyDisadvantage : terribly hard,physically,emotionallyB. Ⅰ.h uman,open,to know more about themopen,relaxed,formalprogress,assessmentⅡ.try to win and earn the respect of childrena relaxed relationship and relaxed classroompurposeful quality workC. unexpectedtrust,personthe big world,relationships,valuesproperly,appropriatemagic,excitingcaresrelaxed,friendly,supportiveindividualsallows,individualvoice,feedback,valuable,planning,developingrespect,relaxedPartⅣ colleges,universities,brains,information,libraries,solve, problems,reports,letters1 000 million,900 million,require,own,givee-mail,communicate,friends,family,research,learn,grades, sign,classes,comecommunications,organization,English,history,5 000,1985, information,day,night,requirement,professor,students, much,more,two,three,four,admits,limitscomputer-based,older,job,family,40%,non-traditionalPartⅤ Jack : 1.Homesick at his aunt’s house at the seaside.2.Wanted to take his toys — took teddy.3.Didn’t have a very good time,but made a lot of friends and found a wife.4.Miss Robson — kind,marvelous storyteller.5.Mr.Goodman — pulled his ear.6.Bucket of water fell on Mr.Goodman.Shirly : ke District:honey and porridge for breakfast.2.Very frightened and shy.3.Loved school — a bit of a goody-goody.4.Miss Brown — made history come to life.5.Mrs.Sharpe — impatient math teacher.6.She cried.Unit 5 Going to School [Ⅱ]PartⅠ B. Problems : 1.Rely,dictionary2.main point,article,paragraph3.sure,serious4.slowlyAdivices : 1.dictionary,first2.Read through,what it’s about,take notes3.as much as4.time limit,as much as,timeC. Pros : rmation,text books,educational equipment2.teachersputer programs,inerest,math,understandputer,secondary,collegesCons : 1.better,books,sports,educational visits2.Space Invader3.school time,electronic games4.learnPartⅡ A. Good qualities : 1.intelligent2.good at drawing3.good in English4.strong oral skills5.good in sportShortcomings : 1.not concentrating in class2.talking too much in class3.not giving in homeworkB. 1.intelligent,talk/chat,harder2.difficult3.concentrate4.drawing,talking5.homework,term6.plenty,say7.more,bottom8.important,hockeyPartⅢ A. 1.Give you a list of courses and some general advice.2.1)Write to schools.2)Ask people who’ve been on a course.3.1)Private language schools.2)Further education colleges.3)Universities.4.pratice English.5.hardly speak to you,you don’t ge t on with.6.1)it rains.2)the weather turns cold.3)one’s money gets stolen.B. 1.advanced,elementary,finding out,British Council2.find out,various addresses3.accommodation,English family4.at classes,real life situation,far and away,acquiring5.personal recommendation,stayed with,heard about,met PartⅣ aims,values,indicate,personally,skilled,authority,Influencing, Changing,Raising,active,backgrounds,responsibility,rich,difficulty,contribution,original,owing,Creating,political,successful,environment,philosophy,community,married,very impotant,seven,percentageKeeping up,52%,social life,59%,field,62%,friends,64%,family, 66%,Helping,70%,Developing,75%objectives,first-year,desire,business,tell,clean up,rated,45% concern,decidingPartⅤ WOMAN : Wake up,Work,breakfast,Potter about,shopping,a rest,suupperMAN : Get up,seven,a cup of coffee,totally organized,six hours,stoppingUnit 6 Earning and Spending Money WiselyPartⅠ B. 1.In the basement2.Five fifty pounds3.Soup plates4.Four pounds5.To the third floor6.150 pounds7.A supermarket8.In the roof gardenPartⅡ 可对照原文找答案PartⅢ A. 1.On the 10th May.2.At ten o’clock.3.At five o’clock.4.18.50 pounds.5.19.50 pounds.6.On the 9th May.7.36 pounds.8.12 pounds.9.88.5 pounds.10.2.5 pounds.B. 1.(F) 2.(T) 3.(T) 4.(F) 5.(F)6.(T)7.(F)8.(F)9.(T) 10.(F) PartⅣ A. 8 — 12 years old780unskilled workershousehold chores31／2 per week11／2 per weekB. 可对照原文找答案PartⅤ 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.c 5.c 6.aUnit 7 Choice Versus ChancePartⅠ B. B → F → D → A → G → C → EPartⅡ A. 1.In a hotel.On the beach.In Italy.2.Over 500 pouds.3.In the morning.4.Helping in the kitchen:wash and peelvegetables,prebreakfast trays,wash up,etc.5.F T F T FT6.Hiring out deck chairs and selling newspapers.7.He wanted a cheap holiday.8.He has been working as a courier,and taking Americans round Italy on coach tours.9.He’s been invited to go and work in America next summer.B. enjoying,boring,too bad,quite interesting,the work itself,the friends,spare time,seaside town,going on,dancing,bowing,cinemas,afternoons off,sunbathing and swimmingPartⅢ A. an abattoir,a factory,station,a chicken batteryB. First speaker: televisionreporter,archaeologist,anthropologistSecond speaker: third baseman for the New York MetsThird speaker: photographerC. 1st speaker: mad,money,travel,different coutries2nd speaker: boring,responsibility,best baseball team3rd speaker: incapable,torture,work withpeople,independent,ownPartⅣ vocation,chance,choice,selecting,vocational planning,the world of work,requirements,present,time,effort,study,rewardsfactors,interests,training,salaries,essentialgrow,decline,economy,demand,changesAccountants,programmers,officers,engineers,Lawyers,Medical,Public-relations,financial,Tool,agentsmanual,rely on,respond,opportunities,workersButchers,operators,Mail,clerks,installersPartⅤ A. 1.She thinks that to be conscientious means to be extremely careful and pay attention to details.2.She left her last job because she wanted something more challenging.B. 1.Because Mr.Toms knew that Michael was the Director’s nephew and he did not want Mrs. Grey to embarrass Michael by her questions.2.He plays football twice a week and plays golf nearly every morning.C. 1.Michael James. Because he is the Director’s nephew.2.(Open-ended)。

For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial useListen this way听力教程第三册-6Unit 6 Find the Right WordsPart I Getting ready Audioscript:The English language can be traced back to prehistoricIndo-European through the West Germanic line. However, many other influences have shaped the development of Modern English. We will review some important dates in the history of the English language. The first three are Latin influences:1. In 5,5 B.C. Caesar conquered Britain and the Celtic people.2. In 43. B.C. Rome colonized the island.3. The Romans remained for 400 years (the first four centuries of the Christian Era).The next significant dates were:4. The year 499 (which was the year of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of the island).5. From 500 on, the West Germanic language was the basic languageof Britain (or England).Influences from other languages continued however.6. In the sixth and seventh centuries England was Christianized by missionaries sent by the Pope (so that Latin influence continued). Then,7. In the eig11th and ninth centuries the Norsemen (Vikings), invaded England with their Old Norse language.8. In 1066. the Norman Conquest brought French linguistic influence.9. The French influence continued for 300 years (the ninth century through the 11th century).10. And finally, in the fifteen and sixteen hundreds, when classical learning was revived, there was continued Latin language influence. Audioscript:1. People are delighted if you can speak their language, and theydon't care how well you speak it. They are not upset when you make mistakes. I think in order to learn, you mustn't be afraid of making mistakes.2. I'm a very shy person and it's not easy for me to talk to strangers. But you have to force yourself to talk to people. That's what I did and it really helped me.3. I think the best language learners are people with a sense of humor. Try to laugh at your own mistakes and don't take yourselftoo seriously. You'll find that other people will be sympathetic when you make mistakes.4. I took two courses in business studies. I read, studied, listened to lectures and took notes in English. It was a very good experience for me because I didn't have time to think about the language. I recommend forgetting about the grammar and thinking about the meaning instead.5. In my experience, learning a foreign language always involves a lot of time, a lot of boring work and lots of problems! In short, if you want to learn another language you have to work hard.6. Try to read as much as you can. I think that's the best way to improve your English and to learn more new words. I always try to read something in English everyday.Part II Skills to communicate badnewsAudioscript:Avi Arditti：I'm Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on Wordmaster: giving doctors better skills to communicatebad news.Rosanne Skirble：Anthony Back is a medical oncologist at the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson CancerResearch Center in Seattle. He and four colleagues are inthe fifth year leading a program funded with one andone-half million dollars from the National Cancer Institute. Avi Arditti：Doctor Back says specially trained actors play cancer patients to help oncologists learn how to avoid soundinginsensitive when the prognosis is grim.Anthony Back：Probably the biggest misconception I face is that you're either born with this or you're not. In fact, what theresearch shows is that people learn to do this over time.And the way they learn to do it is they see good role models,they practice, they get specific feedback on what they'redoing, they try-out new things, they innovate and developnew conversational practices for themselves.Avi Arditti：Can you give us some examples of those conversational practices -- what are some ways to impart bad news? Anthony Back：Here's an example: The patient has had cancer in the past, has been doing well and is coming in for some routinefollow-up tests. The routine follow-up tests unexpectedlyshow the cancer has started to come back.The doctor will typically go in and say to the patient,"Guess what, your cancer's back." And the patient will bejust blown away, right? There are a couple of practicesthere that doctors can do that can help. One is to start with-- especially if you don't know the patient -- asking what thepatient expected, what did they understand about theircancer, what were they expecting with this test. Because ifthe patient says to you "You know, they didn't tell meanything. I'm just here because I got this appointment in themail," that's one whole kind of comprehension level.Whereas if the patient says "I had a Tl Nl MO lung cancerand they told me I had a fifty-five percent chance of diseaserecurrence in the next two years," that's a whole differentstory, right?The second thing is that after you give this difficult news,then I think it's really important to address both thecognitive reaction and also the kind of the emotional side ofit.Rosanne Skirble：What are some of the phrases or the ways in which you can couch this news?Anthony Back：You know, the way to make it easier is to make sure that you are going from the context the patient drew for you.So you go from what the patient understands and you try touse their words as much as possible. And then, when youget to the really bad part of the news, I think it's actuallyimportant to be direct and concrete and not to couch thenews. It's better to say "The cancer has come back" than tosay "There are hypo-densities in your liver on the CT" (or)"You have a malignancy." All those euphemisms forcepatients to struggle to understand what's happening to them,and it adds to their confusion and distress.Rosanne Skirble: ：Well, should they say things like "I wish things were different" or "I hope for the best," or should a doctorkind of maintain a distance?Anthony Back：You know, my thought about that actually is that the more skilled the physician, the less they have to distancethemselves. There are some phrases that we use, and themost important ones are really the ones that are aboutempathy for the patient. You know, "I see this is a difficultsituation, I see this is not what you expected, I'm hoping forthe best." And I think it's fine for doctors to talk about hope,and I think it's important actually.AviArditti：Let me ask you, have you seen any cultural differences come up in the training programs as you've had doctors gothrough?Anthony Back：You know, we have actually a very multicultural group of physicians who come, and they all bring in alltheir own different values about how frank should peoplebe. Because the American standard, of course, is thatpatients themselves get all the information, they make thedecision themselves, and there's this very strong emphasison autonomy. And in a lot of other cultures that's really notthe case.Rosanne Skirble：And what got you started in the first place? Anthony Back：What got me started was, when I was an oncology trainee, and this was after a personal experience -- mymother had died of a pre-leukemia kind of thing -- Iremember walking around in the bone-marrow transplantwards with this experienced -- it was this other, older seniorphysician -- going around having these life-and-deathconversations with patients and thinking, God, there has gotto be a better way to do this.Avi Arditti：The result, says Doctor Anthony Back in Seattle, is a program that has now trained about one hundred-eightyoncologists at retreats held twice a year. The program Website is -- that's o-n-c-o-t-a-l-k dot i-n-f-o.Part III Foreign accents Audioscript:Section IAs far as I'm concerned, I do tend to judge people I meet by their accents. I don't mean that I'm a sort of snob, and only like people with posh accents, but I never feel comfortable with a new person until I've been able to place them from the way they speak. If it's an English person, I feel much more at ease if I can say "Ah, he comes form Liverpool", or "He's probably been to public school". I suppose then I know what to talk about and what to expect from the other person.The same is true of foreigners. Personally, I prefer a foreigner to speak with a recognizable foreign accent, so that I know that I'mtalking to a Frenchman, a Ghanaian, a Pole, and so on. So for me, it seems a bit pointless for foreigners to try desperately hard to get rid of their national accent and try to speak BBC English. If someone is clearly French, I know there's no point in talking about cricket or making jokes about the Irish. And frankly, I think it even sounds more attractive. I can't really explain why, but if a person has a foreign accent, they seem to be more interesting, even if they are saying the most ordinary things.Audioscript:Section IIMind you, there is a limit to intelligibility. If the accent is so strong that you have a struggle to understand what they are saying, then that gets in the way of the conversation, and the flow is broken while you try to sort out the sounds into meaningful bits. I don't mean an accent as strong as that. I'm talking about the kind of accent where you can tell immediately which country the person comes from, but where they've got enough English to carry on a good conversation without searching for words, or messing up the grammar so that you lose the thread. I suppose it's the kind of accent most foreigners have, really. To be honest, it's only a very few who have such a good ear that they produce more or less genuine British English, and even then it canbe quite amusing because they may have picked up a clearly regional accent, or even a very upper-class accent which doesn't fit in with their character at all. But most foreigners who learn English are desperately keen to get rid of their foreign accents and waste a lot of time trying to do so.Part IV More about the topic:Love and Grammar Audioscript:Are you looking for love? When you want to impress a potential girlfriend or boyfriend, you take great care with your appearance and try to be on your best behaviour. But . . . what about your grammar? Do you check if you are using verbs and commas properly?If not, you'd better think again. The research arm of dating site OKCupid has suggested that bad grammar can ruin your love life. It looked at 500 000 first contacts on the site and concluded that "netspeak, bad grammar and bad spelling are huge turn-offs".On the other hand, the correct use of apostrophes seems to be quite an aphrodisiac. Using "don't" and "won't" caused better than average response rates says the research.American writer Twist Phelan, who went on 100 online dates in 100 days and later married someone she met online, believes that grammar is an important "filter system" for prospective partners. She says: "If you're trying to date a woman, I don't expect flowery Jane Austen prose. But aren't you trying to put your best foot forward?" Perhaps you think you are ready to start looking for anEnglish-speaking girlfriend or boyfriend. Am I right? You go online, look at the picture and start calling him or her "beautiful", "gorgeous" and "sexy" before you meet. Will it work? The research says it won't! The wrong adjective can put a full stop on a potential relationship. People enjoy receiving compliments but not when they sound like a pick-up line.General compliments such as "cool", "it's nice that ..." and "awesome" got good responses from the dating site users.So now you are ready. Keep your wits about you because many things online are not what they seem; and watch your vocabulary and punctuation.Some say that a comma might even save lives -- as in the example: "Let's eat, my darling!" as opposed to "Let's eat my darling!"Can you see which one would grant you a meal with your date and which one would land you in jail?Part V Do you know ...? Audioscript:Alex：Hello, Carole? Is that you?Carole：Alex! What on earth are you doing ... a stupid question, you're doing the same as I am.Alex：What are you laughing at?Carole：Well, actually I'm just reading this article in Punch. It's the Franglais column. It's very funny.Alex：Oh, yes, yes, er ...Carole：I know this is only a spoof, but I think these adaptions of English into French or French into English can be veryfunny. How does it occur actually?Alex：Oh, I suppose it came after the war, you know when the Americans were in France and a lot of English words andexpressions came into French. Er ...Carole：Oh, I see, yes, so ...Alex：But after that there was a strong reaction against it, I think. Carole：You mean people don't... aren't very keen on it. A sort of linguistic imperialism.Alex：Exactly, yes, er, take the ex ... example like "lift" you see.We've got no, no word in French for "lift".Carole：You mean "lift", the thing that goes up and down ... Alex：No, no. No, no, I mean, erm, would you like a lift home or something like that.Carole：Mm.Alex：Would you like a lift. What would you say in French? You would say something like, er, can I take you home with mycar?Carole：Oh, I see, so ...Alex：It's so much easier to say er, would you like a lift, you see. Carole：... I see, so in fact it's often for words that there's no equivalent for in...Alex：Yes, that... that's it, yes.Carole：... in French.Alex：Yes.Carole：Or something ... I suppose the same would apply to something like erm, "le weekend".Alex：Yes, yes. That goes a bit ... that goes back a bit. Yes, I suppose it was something er, before, even before the first WorldWar.Carole：Oh, that one's really old. Are there any more recent examples?Alex：Er, oh yes. "Speakerine" is a good example.Carole：Speakerine?Alex：Speakerine, yes.Carole：That doesn't even sound French. That sounds more German. Alex：Yes, it's a bit of a monster actually. You know, it means an announcer or a, a newsreader.Carole：Oh, I see, on the, on the box!Alex：Yes.Carole：And there are other things, aren't there, that are distortions like that. Erm ... oh, what's the one I can, erm ... "lesmoking" ...Alex：Ah, le smoking, yes.Carole：... which means, er, dinner jacket in English ...Alex：And we say smoking in French. It's very strange, in fact. But you've got another one, "the training", the training. Andyou ...Carole：What's that?Alex：Oh, it's like, it's like a pyjama in French. And you will say, I don't know, er...Carole：The pyjama?Alex：... children it's getting late, erm, put, put your training on and go to bed.Carole：How peculiar, because I mean, training means something quite different. Are there any other reasons why we borrow,why the French borrow words, borrow English words?Alex：Er, snob value, I suppose.Carole：Oh, really.Alex：Oh, yes. Er ...Carole：You mean English words are snobbish in French?Alex：Yes. They would, they would take a word like "building" and think it's much better to live in a building than to be -- tolive in a house.Carole：How strange, because building is such ...Alex：So we say building; we are living in the building.Carole：It's such a mundane word in English. I mean, it sounds just so ordinary.Alex：Yes, it is.Carole：But surely, I mean something like "le parking" which is very common, that, that can't have snob value, can it?Alex：No, no, of course, I mean just the French is cumbersome. Carole：Mm. Receptionist: Mrs. Harding, could you go through now please?Carole：Oh dear! I've got to go.Alex：Bye, bye, Carole.Carole：I hope it's not too painful, Alex. Thanks, bye.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:-- Jove! Good heavens!-- Oh, sir. Is there any sign of it stopping?-- I'm afraid not. It's worse than before.-- Oh, dear.-- If it's worse, it's a sign it's nearly over. Cheer up, captain. Buy a flower off a poor girl?-- I'm sorry. I haven't any change.-- Oh, I can change half a crown. Here, take this for tuppence.-- I told you, I'm awfully sorry. I haven't ... Oh, wait a minute. Oh, yes. Here's three pence, if that's any use to you.-- Thank you, Sir.-- Hey, you, be careful. Better give him a flower for it. There's a bloke here behind that pillar, taking down every blessed word you're saying.-- I ain't done nothing wrong by speaking to the gentleman. I've aright to sell flowers if I keep off the curb. I'm a respectable girl, so help me. I never spoke to him except to ask him to buy a flower off me!-- Oh, don't start!-- What's all the b100ming noise?-- There's a "tec" taking her down.-- Well, I'm making an honest living!-- Who's doing all that shouting?-- Where's it coming from?-- Oh, sir. Don't let him charge me! You don't know what it means to me! They'll... They'll take away me character and drive me on the streets for ... for speaking to gentlemen!-- There, there, there, there. Who's hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for?-- On my Bible oath, I never spoke a word.-- Oh, shut up, shut up. Do I look like a policeman?-- Then what do you take down me words for? How do I know you took me down right? You just show me what you wrote about me. Oh. What's that? That ain't proper writing. I can't read it.-- I can. I say, captain, now buy you a flower off a poor girl.-- Oh, it's cause I called him "captain". I meant no harm. Oh, sir. Don't let him lay a charge against me for a word like that!-- Charge? I'll make no charge. Really, sir. If you are a detective, you needn't begin protecting me against molestation from young women until I askyou. Anyone can tell the girl meant no harm.He ain't no "tec". He's a gentleman. look at his boots.How are all your people down at Selsey?Who told you my people come from Selsey?Never mind. They do. How do you come to be up so far east? You wereborn in Lisson Grove.Oh. What harm is there in my leaving Lisson Grove? It weren't fit for apig to live in and I had to pay four and six a week.Oh, live where you like, but stop that noise.Come, come. He can't touch you. You have a right to live where you please.I'm a good girl, I am!Yes, dear. Yes.Where do I come from?Hoxton.Well, who said I didn't? Blimey, you know everything, you do. You, sir. Do you think you could find me a taxi?I don't know whether you've noticed it, madam, but it's stopped raining.You can get a motorbus to, uh, Hampton Court. Well, that's where youlive, isn't it?What impertinence!Hey, uh, tell him where he comes here, you want to go fortune telling.Cheltenham, Harrow, Cambridge and, uh, India?Quite right!Blimey, he ain't a "tec". He's a b100ming busybody. That's what he is.If I may ask, sir, do you do this sort of thing for a living at a music hall?Well, I have thought of it. Perhaps I will one day.He's no gentleman. He ain't, to interfere with a poor girl!How do you do it, may I ask?Simple phonetics. The science of speech. That's my profession. Also myhobby. Anyone can spot an Irishman or Yorkshireman by his brogue, butI can place a man within six miles. I can place him within two milesinLondon. Sometimes within two streets.He ought to be ashamed of himself, unmanly coward!Is there a living in that?Oh, yes. Quite a fat one.Let him mind his own business and leave a poor girl alone ... Woman! Cease this detestable "boohooing" instantly ... or else seek theshelter of some other place of worship.-- I've a right to be here if I like, same as you.-- A woman who utters such disgusting and depressing noise has no right to be anywhere, no right to live. Remember that you're a human being with a soul and the divine gift of articulate speech, that your native language is the language of Shakespeare and Milton and the Bible. Don't sit there crooning like a bilious pigeon.-- Oh!-- You see this creature with her curbstone English, the Englishthat'll keep her in the gutter till the end of her days? Well, sir. In six months, I could pass her off as a duchess at an Embassy ball. I could even get her a job as a lady's maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English.-- Here, what's that you say?-- Yes, you squashed cabbage leaf; you disgrace to the noble architecture of these columns; you incarnate insult to the English language. I could pass you off as, uh, the Queen of Sheba.-- Oh! You don't believe that, captain?-- Anything's possible. I, myself, am a student of Indian dialects. -- Are you? Do you know Colonel Pickering, the author of Spoken Sanskrit?-- I am Colonel Pickering. Who are you?-- I'm Henry Higgins, author of Higgins' Universal Alphabet.-- I came from India to meet you.-- I was going to India to meet you!-- Higgins!-- Pickering!仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。

Listen this way 听力教程第三册-9Unit 9 Romancing the StonePart I Getting readyA museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. The city with the largest number of museums is Mexico City with over 128 museums. According to the World Museum Community, there are more than 55,000 museums in 202 countries.Audioscript：1. The LouvreParis is an ancient city, witness to revolution, celebration and war. At its center stands the Louvre, once a royal palace and now one of the world's greatest museums. The Louvre is home to the mostfamous painting in human history -- The Mona Lisa. Her enigmatic smile is said to conceal many secrets.2. The Vatican MuseumIn the middle of Rome stands the Vatican, the epicenter of Catholicism. It is both a fortified city and a place the Pope calls home. <Gracias. Gracias.> It also houses one of the most famous museums in the world, full of timeless treasures, each one with a story to tell. Of all of these none are more famous than the Sistine Chapel. All who enter here gaze up at the luminous frescos of Michelangelo.3. Toronto's Royal Ontario MuseumIt's an eye-popping Canadian landmark, a national treasure chest and a place of mystery. This is the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, the ROM. For every object on display, thousands more are hidden in backrooms far from public view. Enter the hall of Ancient Egypt, and the hair stand up on the back of your neck. You feel a presence of the ghosts. How did they live and how did they die? If only the mummies could speak.4. Cairo's Egyptian MuseumEgypt, here the towering monuments of the Pharaohs stand silent amid the roar of a modern city. Cairo is the largest metropolis in Africa, home to more than 20 million people. But at its center is a refugee from urban chaos. This is the museum of Egyptian antiquities, the treasure chest of Asian civilization and one of the most spectacular museums in the world. Visitors flock here by the millions to gaze into the eyes of long dead Pharaohs and marvel at their dazzling sarcophagi of silver and gold.5. London's Natural History MuseumThe Natural History Museum in London, England, it's a cathedral of nature housing over 70 million specimens. During the day, thousands of visitors tour the galleries. But at night, when they've all gone home, this place seems to come alive with unforgettable stories about where we came from and where we are going. The galleries and dark passage ways invite those who dare to venture behind the scenes. Take a closer look and discover secrets that are disturbing and sometimes brutal.Part II "The Scream"Painting is a fascinating subject. Every time when you visit a museum, you will find something new even in the same painting.While looking at a painting, you can enjoy it for its beauty alone. Its lines, forms, colors, and composition may appeal to your senses and linger in your memory. Apart from that, you can also try to figure out what the painting describes. Does it describe the artist's impression of a scene or a person? Or does it describe the artist's feeling about the art of painting itself?Audioscript：Speaker 1: This picture is "The Scream" by Edvard Munch, and it's a very powerful picture, it's in black and white as, as you see it here. And um I think it's particularly powerful because mainly because of that figure who um, who is, who seems to be running off this bridge here holding his or her head in her hands and screaming. And um, what's very interesting about the picture are the two, the two figures at the end of the bridge or further up this road. And it's difficult to understand whether the person is running from them or whether they're just er innocent bystanders.Um, so the reason I, I like this picture, the reason I find it powerful is because I think that the person is not actually running from the two dark figures at the end of the bridge, but in fact the person is suffering er perhaps some kind of terrible loneliness or sadness, and is, actually seems to be trying to hide that feeling from those people.And I think this is a common feeling, I think this is something which we all do sometimes when, when we feel some feeling, usually a bad feeling, something like loneliness or terrible unhappiness, we don't want other people to see that, and er so we, we have to try and hide that feeling from, from other members of the, of the public. And I feel that's what this man or woman is doing in the picture here. Audioscript：Speaker 2: As a design, the picture's very strong as well. The, the bridge or the street is a very strong diagonal line which goes through the, the picture. And then to the, to the right of the screamer's head there's a series of dark vertical lines -- it's difficult to know what that is, perhaps it's a field or maybe it could be a wall, it's difficult to know exactly what it is, but those dark vertical lines somehow depress the picture, which is exactly what the artist wanted. And then at the, at the top, you have the sky, which the artist has, has er made in the form perhaps of clouds, which are very strong horizontal lines, very, very bold black lines which again seem to push the whole picture down, and add to the depression of the, the experience which the, the screamer is er, is feeling.Part III Taj MahalThe Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by Mogul emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.Audioscript：There's no building more romantic or more tragic than the Taj Mahal. On June the 17th, 1631, Mumtaz Mahal, the wife of the Mogul Emperor, Shah Jahan, died while giving birth to her fourteenth child. So, in response to the death of his wife, Shah Jahan created one of the most famous buildings in the world, the Taj Mahal, a vision of perfection, of paradise on Earth. The emotional power of the Taj Mahal comes not just from its ruthless symmetry and its dazzling white material, but also from the purity and simplicity really of its forms. In line with Islamic thinking, it is not loaded with images of living beings, banned in the Koran, but by simple abstract decoration, lettering. In this sense very much less ornamentation gives more emotional power.As you approach nearer, the Taj Mahal, its scale, its craftsmanship become almost overwhelming. It took twenty thousand people twenty years to complete this great structure and its white marble is inlaid with twenty-eight different sorts of precious andsemi-precious stones. But, this isn't a palace or a mosque. It's a mausoleum. It's a monument to grief. At this level and so near, I can see just how exquisite and subtle the Taj Mahal is. The inlay is amazing, like a jewel box. And the white marble is carved and the surface is mottled in architectural detail. It was a great surprise, being inside the Taj Mahal is like being inside a living being. It moans and it groans. There's no question about it, as a monument to grief and to heartbreak and the expression of agony and pain that lost all that was precious in this world and longing for the next, the Taj Mahal has no equal. It's unsurpassed.Audioscript：The twist to the story of the Taj Mahal is in the nearby Red Fort where the final tragic episode of Shah Jahan's life was played out.It's here that the myth of the Taj was born, where it enters the world of legend.Shah Jahan, the great emperor, became ill. He suffered a stroke and this provoked a ruthless, vicious struggle for power among his foursons. They fought, they battled and Aurangzeb, the most skilful, the most vicious I suppose of the four sons, prevailed. He killed his three brothers in battle and by treachery and when he had his father, Shah Jahan in his power, he imprisoned him here in the Fort. So for Shah Jahan his great empire had been reduced to the area of this courtyard, and he would stand where I am standing now, contemplating the view, looking at the great mausoleum over there. This is a spectacular view, but it could have been more spectacular still. It is said that Shah Jahan, if he hadn't lost control of his empire, would have built himself a mausoleum opposite that of his wife, and his one would have been clad in black marble, to match the white marble of the Taj Mahal.The story of the black Taj is an invention of the 18th century, but one that reflects, reinforces the fantasy surrounding a building dedicated to love and to what could have been.Part IV More about the topic: British Sculptures Now and Then Sculpture has changed more radically in the past 100 years than in the preceding 30 000. British sculptors have led the way thanks to their restless originality. Today British sculpture is a hugely expressive medium with almost limitless possibilities.Sometimes that sheer variety can be a bit bewildering but in British sculpture's long history, this may turn out to be the greatest chapter yet.Audioscript：Welcome to the British Museum, London, home to ancient art, and the unlikely birthplace of modern sculpture. Throughout the 19th century, British sculptors came here to study the famous ancient Greek marbles that once adorned the Parthenon in Athens. They went on show at the British Museum at the start of 1817 and were soon considered the epitome of what sculpture could and should be. Classical, heroic forms, they're naturalistic, harmoniously proportioned, completely devoid of distortion. They offer a vision of a highly sophisticated society -- the bedrock, if you like, of Western civilization.But at the beginning of the 20th century, a group of bohemian, bold, renegade young sculptors began to look elsewhere in the museum for inspiration. The hieratic art of Ancient Egypt, carved direct into stone. The carving of the Pacific, free of classical proportions. The reliefs of ancient Assyria, so different from the Parthenon. And the sculpture of Central America -- full of sex and death. Early in the20th century, non-European works like these kick-started a revolution in British sculpture.Since then, in the search for new forms of self-expression, British sculptors have broken all the old rules. There's been controversy as their vision has clashed with convention.TV news: The sculptor of a house who won this year's Turner Art Prize has watched her work being demolished.There's been conservatism, whimsy, mass-production. But in a golden age of creativity, our artists have often led the way -- making British sculpture part of a new, international language. Instead of gods or heroes, they project their own inner world, leaving us to decide what their sculptures mean. They've pushed the boundaries so far, we're no longer even sure what sculpture is.It's been a story of revolution and liberation of the sculptor free to soar unfettered into the realm of the imagination, to the point where the concept behind the work, not the skill of its execution, has become king. Today, the sculptor isn't someone chipping away at a block of marble, but a kind of sage who can spot beauty and meaning in the world around us, and bring it to our attention in the gallery.Part V Do you know ...?Most of us like to hang beautiful things on our walls. They're statements of our personal taste or reflections of the things we love. But few of us can afford to go to swanky Mayfair galleries or posh auction houses to buy art. 1.5 million quid for a slice of abstract expressionism is a bit beyond most pockets in these recessionary times. In fact, half of Britain's living rooms have art on the walls which has been bought on the high street from stores like Ikea, Habitat, B&Q or Argos.Audioscript：Aside：Nowadays, art is all around us. It's in the streets, and it's part of the modern landscape. In the past few years, we've builtgreat temples to art up and down the country, whether it'sthe Baltic in Gateshead or the Tate Modern in London. Artgalleries have become people-friendly places drawing hugecrowds. Modern art is now something we can all participatein. It's fashionable, it's cool. Its artists are superstars. Butwhat sort of art do we want in our living rooms?Hostess：I'm going to venture into the domestic art galleries we all inhabit. It's a world where individuality meets mass marketand personal taste is more important than art history.Man 1：Yeah, I don't know anything about the history of these ...these pictures, but I just like the colors. Colors repre ...They're superb for what we wanted. WoMan 1：Natural landscapes I really like, so stormy seas and skies with wintry trees, just the skeletons, but I think they're moreeffective in black and white. Girl: It's the ... The sky's likein a nice color, and the sea is very beautiful.Man 2：I like mountains. I'm a mountain guy, so I like pictures with mountains on it. WoMan 2：I don't like Pollock, because it just seems a bit messy, but I do like that wild flinging, painter to canvas.Aside：If you want to buy art for your home, you could start at the top. This is London's Mayfair, where you can spendsquillions on an original work of art. Down the road at TateModern, things are a little bit more user-friendly. There'sfun to be had for all the family. And in the shop, there's avending machine where you can order your own personalmasterpiece to take home. The mass reproduction of art isnow big business, and one of the biggest players in town isthe Art Group, which supplies art galleries, shops andsuperstores around the world from its factory inNorthampton. The Art Group started off with just a singlestall on Camden Market 25 years ago. Its slogan was, "Artfor all." Now it runs a 24-hour production line and is amultimillion-pound business employing 300 people. Hostess：So when people think of art, they think of these perfect white spaces, silent, contemplative, and here you've got thethunder of machinery, the vaulted warehouse ... DarrenBooker <Operation Director>: Absolutely.Hostess：I like it, actually.Darren：This is ... This is art on a big scale. It doesn't matter if you make ten a day or 10 000 a week. It still has to be perfect. Hostess：Amazing how recognizable all these images are. I don't have any, I don't own any, but they've sort of seeped intomy consciousness from, you know, trips to Ikea or Habitator Argos or wherever. So what's the effect of the price ofthis sort of art coming down?Darren：I think the real effect is that it's now in ... in more reach of everyone. People are now able to afford this, and in manyways it now becomes a disposable piece of artwork. Art'sbecoming more fashionable, and people will tend todecorate more frequently, change their art more frequently,which is all so great for us.Hostess：Because they can.Hostess：I can see Klimt hanging on the wall. Is this a big ... is Klimt a big guy for you?Darren：Yeah, he's a very successful artist, very well known, a good seller.Hostess：Do you think Klimt would have ever thought, as he anguished over that picture, that years later people in afactory would be nailgunning it to a piece of MDF? It's artas lifestyle, I guess.Part VII Watch and enjoyThe Sistine Chapel is a large and renowned chapel of the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in the Vatican City. The fame of the Sistine Chapel lies mainly in the frescosthat decorate the interior, and most particularly the Sistine Chapel ceiling and The Last Judgment by Michelangelo. The fame of Michelangelo's paintings has drawn multitudes of visitors to the chapel, ever since they were revealed five hundred years agoVideoscript：In the middle of Rome stands the Vatican, the epicenter of Catholicism. It is both a fortified city and a place the Pope calls home. <Gracias. Gracias.> It also houses one of the most famous museums in the world, full of timeless treasures, each one with a story to tell. Of all of these none are more famous than the Sistine Chapel.All who enter here gaze up at the luminous frescos of Michelangelo. What few people know is that his masterpiece was an afterthought. When the chapel was constructed the walls were filled with monumental murals. But the ceiling was just decorated with a simple field of stars. Thirty years later Pope Julius II decided it needed a new paint job. When he gave the task to Michelangelo, he took a leap of faith because the artist was not then a famous painter, but an upcoming sculptor of the human form. His transformation of the ceiling, an area the size of two basketball courts, would becompleted in just four years. How did a brilliant but inexperienced painter complete the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in such a short time? Five hundred years later when Vatican's staff embarked on the restoration project, they got the chance to uncover this museum secret.The restoration team spent nine years up onto the ceiling in the 1980s. It took them twice as long to clean the ceiling as it did Michelangelo to paint it.The largest figures on the ceiling are nearly 20 feet across. Michelangelo did not attempt to paint them freehand. Each figure started as a sketch or cartoon, followed by a procedure that art experts like William Wallace refer to as pouncing.Wallace: Pouncing is the means of transferring the cartoon to the plaster, so the cartoon is actually being pricked with little tiny holes and charcoal dust in a bag is actually pounced or pounded onto the cartoon. Okay. We see the head beautifully pounced and the hand beautifully pounced.But pouncing was a slow process and Michelangelo was under pressure for an aging Pope who wanted to see the ceiling completed before he died. So Michelangelo exchanged the charcoal for a blade,allowing him to quickly incise the lines of the sketch directly onto the plaster.On a scaffold 18 hours a day, seven days a week, constantly craning his neck up, paint dripping into his eyes, no one can say Michelangelo didn't suffer for art. In the fourth year of his labor, he even described it in a poem:"With my neck puffed out like a pigeon,Belly hanging like an empty sack,Beard pointed at the ceiling and,My brain fallen back within my head."Michelangelo kept going because he was tough and determined, but that doesn't explain how he could work on a scaffold just a few feet from the ceiling and yet paint figures in perfect perspective when seeing from far below. The answer may be because he started his career as a sculptor.Elizabeth <Art historian>: When Michelangelo imagines a figure moving, it's moving inwards, outwards and space, and therefore creates this wonderful perspective. People ask all the time, "Is thatreal? Is the architecture real? Are they sticking out the ceiling? Are they 3D?"If one removes the frescos from the ceiling, Michelangelo's mastery of perspective becomes even more impressive. He works magic with his paints, creating lifelike 3 D figures even when the background tilts the wrong way.Elizabeth <Art historian>: Jonah was painted on a piece of plaster that tilts towards us, and yet looking at the figure Jonah appears to tilt backwards. It was something that he knew would fly in the face of all the people that criticized him at the beginning of the assignment say, "Oh, but Michelangelo doesn't know anything about painting." Michelangelo denies the laws of physics through his painting. It's the same kind of special effect that people marvel at in something like Avatar.So how did Michelangelo complete his masterpiece in just 4 years? Determination, physical endurance and 3D virtualosity are only part of the answer. The rest is surely quite simply, genius.Every morning when the gates open, thousands of visitors head straight to the Sistine Chapel. To stand for a moment in a place that combines the power of god and the genius of man.。

Listen this way 听力教程第三册-2Unit 2 Wildlife ConservationPart Ⅰ Getting readygravely：严重species：物种extinct：灭种on the brink：在边缘can't afford to wait any more：不能再等待take action：采取行动abbreviations ：缩写acronyms：首字母缩略词IUCN -- International Union for the Conservation of Nature：世界自然保护联盟convention：会议;全体与会者;国际公约;惯例，习俗，规矩CITES -- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species：华盛顿公约，濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约conservation：保存;保护;避免浪费;对自然环境的保护UNEP -- United Nations Environmental Program：联合国环境规划署WWF -- World Wide Fund for Nature ：世界自然基金会regulate：调节;控制，管理promote the conservation：促进保护under the auspices of：在…的帮助或支持下;有…赞助的prohibit：禁止endangered species：濒危野生动植物种encourage partnerships in doing sth：鼓励伙伴partnership：伙伴关系;合伙人身份;合作关系;合营公司inspiring information：鼓舞人心的信息improve their quality of life：改善生活品质without compromising：不妥协enable sb to do sth：使……能raise funds for ：筹款giant panda：大熊猫a global network：全球网Gland：格兰德Switzerland：瑞士biological diversity：生物多样性ecosystem services：生态系统服务variety：种类a breathable atmosphere：洁净的（能够呼吸的）空气reduce in number ：数量减少role：任务negligible：以忽略的;微不足道的apes：猿whales：鲸seals：海豹marine turtles：海龟walrus：海象dolphins：海豚crocodiles：鳄鱼bludgeon：攻击;威胁，强迫campaign：运动sanctuaries：庇护所sea sanctuary：海洋保护区protected-nesting sites ：受保护的营巢区nesting site：营巢区;筑巢区;巢址pollute：污染ivory：象牙porpoise：动鼠海豚come into force：开始生效habitat：（动物的）栖息地，住处compromise：妥协roll off：辗轧;下降breed：繁殖public appeal：公众诉求;呼吁slaughter：屠宰（动物）;大屠杀make a donation：捐款Wild animals and wild plants and the wild places where they live are gravely threatened almost everywhere. One species has become extinct in each year of this century; and many hundreds are now on the brink. We can't afford to wait any more. It is time that we take action.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. habitat: the natural home of a planet or animal2. species: a group of plants or animals of the same kind, which are alike in all important ways and can breed together3. bludgeon: hit with a heavy object4. census: a count of a total population5. logistics: the planning and implementation of the details of any operation6. degrade: bring down7. adversely: in the manner of going against, opposing8. refuge: a place that provides protection or shelter from danger9. aquatic: living in or on water10. mussel: a small sea animal living inside a black shell whose soft body can be eaten as food (淡菜)11. staple food: basic food or main food that one normally eats12. picky eater: someone who is very careful about choosing only what they like to eat13. shrink: to become or cause to become smaller in size14. case study: a detailed analytical study of a person or something with a view to making generalizationsB Listen to some abbreviations and acronyms of some organizations and some information about them. Fill in the blanks.Audioscript:1. IUCN -- International Union for the Conservation of Nature, is the organization established by the United Nations to promote the conservation of wildlife and habitats as part of the national policies of member states.2. CITES -- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. is an international agreement under the auspices of the IUCN with the aim of regulating trade in endangered species of animals and plants. The agreement came into force in 1975 and by 1991 had been signed by 110 states. It prohibits any trade in a category of 8,000 highly endangered species and controls trade in a further 30,000 species.3. UNEP -- United Nations Environmental Program, aims to provide leadershi p and encourage partnerships in caring for the environment by inspiring information and enabling nations and people to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.4. WWF -- World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), is an international organization established in 1961 to raise funds for conservation by public appeal. Projects include conservation of particular species, for example, the tiger and giant panda. With almost five million supporters distributed throughoutfive continents, WWF has a global network active in over 90 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland.Biological diversity provides us with a variety of special "ecosystem services", such as clean water, a breathable atmosphere and natural climate control. However, many kinds of wild animals have been so reduced in number that their role in the ecosystem is negligible. Animals like the great apes, the whales, seals, and marine turtles are under particular pressure.C Listen to the conversation. Match column A, which is alist of the names of some endangered animals, with column B, which gives the information about those endangeredanimals. Then anwser the questions.Questions:1. What do people at the World Wildlife Fund work for according to the woman?They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife.2. What are they doing in order to protect those endangered animals? They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species. Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been set up.3. Can you guess the meaning of "sea sanctuaries"?It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freely.Audioscript:A: Hello, I'm calling on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund.B: The what?A: The World Wildlife Fund. If you've got a few minutes I'd like to tell you what that means.B: Oh, all right.A: We work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife. The seas, for example, have become polluted by the industrialized world; whales are being hunted to extinction;turtles are rolled off their eggs when they come ashore to breed or are slaughtered for their meat and oil...B: Oh.A: Crocodiles are killed to make handbags and shoes; walruses are hunted for their ivory.B: I see.A: Seals are bludgeoned to death to provide fur coats and the threat of extinction hangs over several species of whale, dolphin and porpoise.B: Really.A: We are now campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.B: Very interesting.A: Aided by our campaign, protected nesting sites for turtles have already been set up. As you can see, this is very valuable work and I wonder therefore if you'd like to make a donation?Part II Christmas bird countsbe deemed：（被）认为，视为，断定fortunes ：命运critically：危急;严重perilous：危险的，冒险的at risk of ：有……危险imminent extinction：即将灭绝lose a species：丧失一个物种residents：居民maintaining：保持sustain：维持;支撑;忍受quality：质量sustaining the quality of lives ：维持生活质量John James Audubon ：约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦，1785年4月26日-1851年1月27日)，美国画家、博物学家，他绘制的鸟类图鉴被称作“美国国宝”illustrate：说明；描绘；画插图in their natural habitats：自然居住地conservationist：自然资源保护者，生态环境保护者feather：羽毛，翎毛manufacture：制造sponsored by ：赞助;发起the National Audubon Society：全国奥杜邦（鸟类保护）协会Bermuda：百慕大群岛（北大西洋西部群岛）Pacific islands：太平洋岛屿volunteer：志愿者bird count：鸟类的清点experienced：有经验的bird watcher：野鸟观察者，鸟类观察家diameter：直径observe：观察actually ：实际上，实质上，事实上，几乎longest-running：播放时间最长的census：人口普查，统计;人口财产调查ornithology：鸟类学;鸟学scheduled：排定，进度表logistics：组织工作ideal：理想；目标virtually：实际上，实质上，事实上，几乎identify ：识别，认出Panama：巴拿马esthetic value：审美价值indicator：指示器habitat alteration：栖息地变更signal：信号，暗号;预兆，征象degrade：降低，贬低;使降级degradation：退化;堕落;降级adversely：反对;不利地;有害地annual：每年Christmas bird counts：对诞（岛）数鸟decline：下降One in eight of the world's bird species is deemed globally threatened and the fortunes of 198 critically endangered species are now so perilous that they are at risk of imminent extinction. Many people feel that every time we lose a species, the world becomes a poorer place. The more successful we are at maintaining or improving the living conditions of the Earth'smany residents, the better our chances will be of sustaining the quality of all species' lives on Earth.A Listen to a news report. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column according to the following cues. While listening for the second time, supply the missing information.Event: Christmas bird countsTime: from Christmas to Jan. 3rdSponsored by: the National Audubon SocietyParticipants:Numbers:more than 40,000 volunteersBackground: from all 50 states of the U.S., every Canadianprovince, parts of Central and SouthAmerica', Bermuda, the West Indiesand Pacific islandsNumber of bird counts this year: more than 1 600 separate bird countsThe logistics of bird counts: Each individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point.Origin of the National Audubon Society: It was named after an American artist John James Audubon, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society was founded in the late1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds.B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the report. Complete the summary of this year's Christmas bird counts.Christmas bird counts will start from Christmas to January 3rd., sponsored by the National Audubon Society. This year more than 40 000 volunteers from the U.S., Canada, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands will be outside counting birds. The counts are not only for experienced bird watchers but anyone that is interested or concerned as well.This year more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. Every individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point. Bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on t he number of birds they actually see.The traditional Christmas bird count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.Audioscript:John James Audubon was an American artist in the early 1800s, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society named after him was founded in the late 1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds, which were being killed so their feathers could be used in the manufacture of women's hats.Sponsored by the National Audubon Society, more than 40 000 volunteers will be outside counting birds from today until January3rd. Volunteers from all 50 states of the United States, every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands have begun to count and record every individual bird and bird species observed during the two and one half week period of the count.Jeffrey LeBaron is the National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count editor. He says the count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.This year, according to Mr. LeBaron , more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10people taking part, others with hundreds. The logistics of the Christmas bird count, he adds, are simple."Each individual count is in a circle. It's a 15 mile diameter circle, um, around the exact center point. And it's always the exactly same area that's done every year, usually, even on the same weekend during the count period. And what the ideal would be, which is virtually impossible, is this census: every single individual bird within that circle on the count day."Mr. LeBaron says experienced bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on the number of birds they actually see. The editor points out, however, that the counts are not only for experienced bird watchers."Anybody that is interested or concerned can become involved. Beginners will go out in a party with experienced individuals who know both the area and the birds in the area, in the field where more eyes and ears are better. And then anybody can point out a bird, and someone in the field will always be able to identify the bird."C Now listen to what Mr. Lebaron says about the information concerning birds. Complete the outline.OutlineI. Total number of known species -- about 9 300II. HabitatA. Larger numbers living in the warmer climatese.g. more than 300 different species counted in PanamaB. far fewer species native to colder climatesIII. ValueA. importance to the environment1. indicator of the quality of environment2. sensitive to habitat alterationB. esthetic value1. getting pleasure out of looking at birds andlistening to birds2. mental quality of life degraded without birds IV. Birds' populationA. some species -- decliningB. many types -- increasingAudioscript:Mr. LeBaron says there are about 9 300 different known species of birds. Larger numbers of them live in the warmer climates. For example, more than 300 different species have been counted in Panama, while far fewer species are native to colder climates. Aside from their esthetic value, Mr. LeBaron says birds are important to the environment because they can signal changes in it."Birds are one of the best indicators that we have of the quality of the environment within the given area. Whether it is a relatively local area, or even primarily on the worldwide bases, they are one of the first things to be altered. They are quite sensitive to a habitat alteration or to other threats. And often times when birds are disappearing out of the area, it just means there is a degradation of the quality of the habitat within that area which will adversely affect everything in there including humans."National Audubon Society editor Jeffrey LeBaron calls the world's bird populations a source of wealth that humans must protect. "People get so much pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds. And if they start disappearing just the er, the quality of life,um, may be not physically, but the mental quality of life can be degraded quickly."Jeffrey LeBaron says that while the National Audubon Society's annual Christmas bird counts show a decline in some species, many types of birds are actually increasing their populations.Part III Dolphin captivityin captivity：养在笼子（或池子，等）里；囚禁announcer：播音员thesis statements：文意，简述论文，论文主题Colorado Public Radio：科罗拉多州公共广播电台aquatic park：水上公园Denver：丹佛（美国科罗拉多州）ire：愤怒dolphin ：海豚instigate：教唆;煽动;激起a former navy dolphin trainer ：前海军海豚训练员Florida：佛罗里达州ranges：范围family-oriented：面向家庭的；群居的concrete tank：混凝土水箱，混凝土油罐，混凝土贮水池sonar：声呐装置bounce off：试探（某人对某一新设想和意见），大发议论ocean explorer：海洋探险家reject：拒绝;抛弃suicidal：自杀的，自杀性的;自我毁灭的，自取灭亡的;于己不利pool ：池子a very sophisticated brain：发达的大脑sophisticated：复杂的;精致的;富有经验的;深奥微妙的Portland：波特兰(俄勒冈州)Oregon.：俄勒冈州captive dolphins ：被捕的海豚Sarasota Bay：萨拉索塔湾（佛罗里达州）Florida：佛罗里达州the census data ：统计数据distribution：分配，分布debate：讨论;辩论;争论marine mammal：海洋哺乳动物organisms：有机体;生物operate：操作，运行metabolically：代谢的anti-educational：对抗教育，反教育，逆教育natural behavior ：自然行为alter：改变;更改stranded：处于困境的beach：海滩fractured ribs or jaws：头骨、肋骨、下颌骨骨折pros：同意，支持cons：反对We have learned a great deal by observing the animals kept in the zoo. However, wildlife is wild. Do you think we are protecting them or making them suffer by keeping them in captivity?A The following words are used in the news interview. Listen to the words first. Study the definitions carefully.1. ire: anger2. instigate: provoke to some action3. sonar: a method for finding and locating objects under water by means of the sound waves they reflect or produce4. bounce (off): (sound or light) reach the surface and is reflected back5. marine: of, near or living in the sea6. breed: produce offspring7. metabolically: pertaining to what is needed to function8. alter: change9. stranded: left abandonedB Listen to the news interview. There are five persons in it.Match column A with column B to indicate who's who.Then write out the thesis statements they are arguing about.Thesis Statement No. 1:Dolphins should be kept in captivity.Thesis Statement No. 2:There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.C Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of theinterview. Write out each person's pros (agree with thethesis) or cons (disagree with the thesis) for each thesisstatement in note form.Audioscript:[Alan Tu is an announcer for Colorado Public Radio; Peter Jones is a reporter for Colorado Public Radio. The other speakers are identified in the report.]A: A planned aquatic park in Denver is raising the ire of animal rights activists who object to a proposal to include a captivedolphin display. Although officials for Colorado's OceanJourneys say they have yet to make a final decision on the issue, local and national activists have already instigated a "NoDolphins in Denver" campaign. As Colorado Public Radio'sPeter Jones reports, the battle lines have been clearly drawn. P:Rick Troud, a former navy dolphin trainer based in Florida, is taking an active role in the "No Dolphins" campaign.R:Average age in the wild ranges anywhere in some of the studies between 30 and 40 years of age. In captivity, you can expect adolphin to live maybe 5.13 years, and every 7 years in captivity the dolphin population is dead.P:According to Troud, there are many reasons why dolphins can't live full lives in captivity.R:If you take a look at where the real dolphin is in the real ocean, you find the dolphin who swims 40 miles a day, is veryfamily-oriented. These animals are separated from theirmothers; that's a stress. You put them in a concrete tank where their sonar bounces off the walls, they can't swim in the sameamount of time and direction that they can in the wild.P:Environmentalist and ocean explorer, Jean Michel Cousteau:J: There are some animals which reject captivity right away, and they're very suicidal. I've had one of those in my own arms for many days. The next morning when I came to take care of him, he was dead. And what he'd done was to swim as fast as hecould from one end of the pool on ... to the other side anddestroyed his head by hitting the wall. They have a verysophisticated brain. I don't think we have any rights to playwith the lives of these animals.P:Cousteau's anti-captivity position is challenged by Dr. Deborah Duffield, a biology professor at Portland State College inOregon. Her 1990 study compared captive dolphins to the wild population of Sarasota Bay, Florida. Among other findings, the study showed little if any difference in the average age of death.And Duffield says life is generally getting better for captivedolphins.D: The census data say that every time I do a census, I've got older and older animals in it as well as this normal age distribution that we've been looking at. So my feeling is that the trend incaptivity has been that the group of animals that we'refollowing are getting older, and if they continue to do that over the next five years, they will then indeed be older than the wild population.P:There is also a debate over the educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity. According to Duffield, captive dolphins play an important role in our basic understanding of the animals.D: I firmly believe that we cannot learn anything about organisms that we share this world with if we do not understand how they live in an environment, and what they do, and that watchingthem go by in the wild will not do it. I cannot tell what ananimal needs, unless I know how it operates, how it breeds,what it needs metabolically, and I can't learn that from animals in the wild.P:But Troud says the dolphin displays are anti-educational because the animals' natural behavior patterns are altered by captivity.R:In the wild, you don't have dolphins who beat each other to death.There are no dolphins that I've ever seen stranded on the beach, who are suffering from fractured skulls, fractured ribs orfractured jaws, as is the case in captivity.P:The Ocean Journey board will take all factors into consideration before making a final decision on whether to include dolphinsin the park. For Colorado Public Radio, I'm Peter Jones.Part IV More about the topic:Wildlife in dangera profound effect：深远的影响ecosystems：生态系统upsetting：倾复unclear：不清楚adapt enough to：适应得够adapt to：使适应于，能应付survive：活命mountain：山forest：林giant panda：大熊猫roughly：大约bamboo：竹子staple food：主食Michigan State University：密歇根州立大学a dramatic impact：巨大影响the long-term solution：长期的解决方案long-term：长期的;长远heat-resistant：耐热的，抗热的notoriously：恶名昭彰地;声名狼藉地picky eater：好挑食shrink：收缩，皱缩;（使）缩水;退缩，畏缩shrinking fish：水温高鱼变小consequence：结果metabolic：新陈代谢的metabolic rates：代谢率oxygen：氧气stay alive：活着predict：预言，预测kill off：消灭，一个接一个地杀死projection：预测;规划，设计relatively：关系上地;相对地;比较calculate：计算;估计;打算，计划;旨在case study：个案研究;专题;研究实例;范例分析unexpectedly：未料到地，意外地;竟;居然;骤然North Atlantic cod：北大西洋鳕鱼underestimate：低估haddock：小口鳕，黑线鳕Climate change is having a profound effect on ecosystems around the world, upsetting and altering the lives of numerous species of animals. As temperatures continue to rise, it's unclear whether all species will be able to adapt enough to survive, especially as other species in their ecosystems adapt by getting smaller or larger.A In the following report, you will learn some facts about the giant panda, an endangered species in China. Listen carefully and supply the missing information.There are roughly 1 600 pandas living in the wild, mainly in the mountain forests of western China. Bamboo is their staple food. And they eat up to 38 kg a day. But some species of the plant take many years to grow, which means they don't adapt to climate change. Scientists are now predicting that an increasing temperature of even 2°C will kill off the species the pandas need to survive. One of the study's authors is Professor Jack Lu of Michigan State University."Even by the middle of the century, this century, the impact will be very obvious. And by the end of the century, in many areas, 100 percent of this bamboo will be gone. And that's really a dramatic impact that people have not realized". Reducing global warming is the long-term solution and creating new panda habitats is another. It may also be possible to introduce new species of bamboo that are heat-resistant. But unfortunately, pandas are notoriously picky eaters and may reject even a slight change to their diet. Audioscript:There are roughly 1 600 pandas living in the wild, mainly in the mountain forests of western China. Bamboo is their staple food. And they eat up to 38 kg a day. But some species of the plant take many years to grow, which means they don't adapt to climate change. Scientists are now predicting that an increasing temperature of even 2°C will kill off the species the pandas need to survive. One of the study's authors is Professor Jack Lu of Michigan State University. "Even by the middle of the century, this century, the impact will be very obvious. And by the end of the century, in many areas, 100 percent of this bamboo will be gone. And that's really a dramatic impact that people haven not realized". Reducing global warming is the long-term solution and creating new panda habitats is another. Itmay also be possible to introduce new species of bamboo that are heat-resistant. But unfortunately, pandas are notoriously picky eaters and may reject even a slight change to their diet.B The following report is about shrinking fish found in thesea as a consequence of global warming. While listening for the first time, note down as many key words as you can inthe left-hand column. After the second listening, fill in thegaps in the summary in the right-hand column with the help of the notes.Audioscript:Although projections of global temperature rises show relatively small changes at the bottom of the oceans, the resulting impacts on fish body size are "unexpectedly large", according to this research. As ocean temperatures increase, so do the body temperatures and metabolic rates of the fish. This means they use more oxygen to stay alive and, according to the researchers, they have less avalilable for growth.They've calculated that up to 2050, fish will shrink in size by between 14 and 24 percent, with the Indian and Atlantic Oceans worst affected. The warming waters are also likely to drive fish more towards the poles, leading to smaller species living in areas like the North Sea.According to the scientists, their models may underestimate the potential impacts. When they looked at case studies involving North Atlantic cod and haddock, they found that recorded data on these fish showed greater decreases in actual body size than the models predicted.Part V Do you know ...?catalog：目录，目录册，目录簿inhabit v.：居住the planet：这个行星（地球）estimate：估计，预测;报价，exceeding：胜过in the form of parks：在公园的形式下wildlife refuge：野生动物保护区reserve：保护区，保存，储备aquatic animal：水生动物crayfish：淡水螯虾（肉）;龙虾mussel：贻贝，蚌类;淡菜In general, an endangered species is one that's in immediate danger of becoming extinct. Its numbers are usually low, and it needs protection in order to survive.Listen to some facts about endangered species. Pay special attention to the numbers.Audioscript:● Scientists hav e cataloged more than one and one-half million ofthe species that exist on Earth today. By some recent estimates, at least 20 times that many species inhabit the planet.● Up to 100 species become extinct every day. Scientists estimatethat the total number of species lost each year may climb to40,000 by the year 2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last 65 million years.● Around the world more than 3 500 protected areas exist in theform of parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of about 2 million square miles (5 million square km, or 3% of our total land area).● Today, more than 200 animal species in the United States areclassified as endangered. More than 1,000 animal species areendangered worldwide.● Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America,a third of our fish species, two-thirds of our crayfish speciesand nearly three-quarters of the mussel species are in trouble. Part VI Reminder of key points inthis unitPart VII Watch and enjoyYou're going to watch a video clip taken from Saving Species, a program by National Geographic Society. Watch carefully and decide whether the following statements are True or False. Write "T" or "F" for each statement.endangered species.creatures.plants and animals in immediate danger of extinction.endangered species in the America.of a biological catastohpe.depend utterly on other creatures for our very survival and therefore they're our companions in the biosphere.Videoscript::The first Europeans on this continent had a common enemy to conquer. It was called nature. America seemed to be an endless expanse of hostile wilderness. Bison wandered along the Potomac. Grizzly bears strolled the beaches of California. Human beings did not even know it was possible for a species to go extinct, but we。

Listen this way 听力教程第三册-5Unit 5 Meet People from around theWorldPart I Getting readyAudioscript:Presenter：Today Selina Kahn is in the arrival area at Gatwick Airport checking out today's topic -- national stereotypes. Selina ... Selinar：Thanks, John. I have with me Eric, who's just flown in with Virgin Atlantic from the USA.Eric：That's right. I've just come back from New York.Selinar：Is it as dangerous as they say?Eric：No, New York isn't dangerous, no more than any other big city, especially if you're careful and don't advertise the fact thatyou're a tourist.Selinar：And is it true what they say about New Yorkers, that they're rude, and that they only care about themselves?Eric：Well, I found the people were very friendly. However, they do have a reputation for not caring about other people. I think thereason for this is that life in New York is incredibly stressful.People just don't have the time to think about anybody else. Itisn't that they don't care.Selinar：Is there anything else you noticed about New Yorkers? Eric：Two things I had heard about before I went to New York did seem to be true, though. First is that they are always talkingabout money and how much things cost. Secondly, it's thatpeople eat all the time as they go about their daily lives, youknow they "graze on the hoof" as they walk about the streets. Selinar：Thanks Eric, and now I have with me, Sue, who's been to the south of France ...Part II New IcelandersAudioscript:New Zealand is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean about 1 200 miles southeast of Australia. It has about 2 575 000 people. Two thirds live on the North Islands, and one third on the larger South Island. Most of them are of British descent.Almost everyone in New Zealand knows how to read and write. Thegovernment provides free education for children from ages 3 to 19. Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 7 and 15, but most enter school by the age of 5. Young children who live far from schools belong to the Government Correspondence School and listen to daily school broadcasts on the radio.New Zealanders enjoy one of the highest standards of living in the world. There are no people of great wealth, but poverty is practically unknown. The majority of families live in one-story wooden homes. Most families have an automobile, and many have modern home appliances. Because the country is a major producer of sheep and dairy products, meat and butter form a larger share of the diet than is common in other countries. The people are among the world's greatest tea drinkers.Many of the books, magazines, and movies in New Zealand come from the United Kingdom or the United States. But the number of books published in the country is growing rapidly. Musical and theatrical groups come from Europe and North America to perform. The larger cities have radio and television stations. The National Symphony Orchestra gives concerts throughout the country, and there are also opera and ballet companies.New Zealanders enjoy the outdoors, and people of all ages take part in sports. Favorite holiday activities are camping, boating, hunting andfishing. Horse racing draws large crowds to racetracks. Rugby footballis a national game. Other team sports are soccer, cricket, basketball, and field hockey.Statements：1. New Zealand is about 1 400 miles from Australia.2. More people live on the larger South Island than the North Island in New Zealand.3. Most New Zealanders are of British origin.4. Children in New Zealand usually go to school at the age of5.5. Not many New Zealanders have their own cars.6. New Zealanders are fond of drinking a lot of tea.Part III What do you think of Britain？Audioscript: ?Paul comes from Jamaica.Interviewer：What do you think of English food?Paul：English food -- right now, I can enjoy it, but when I first came up from the West Indies, I found it rather distasteful, rather boring,no flavor, no taste.Interviewer：What do you think of the English weather?Paul：The English weather -- I do not think there are enough adjectives to describe (it) -- miserable, cold, damp, changeable,depressing. I think bleak is the best word.Interviewer：Now what do you think about English people and their way of life?Paul：The older generation of English people are really snobbish -- the snob-nosed English. But the youth of England today -- they'rereally alive, you know, they're more vibrant, on fire, alive.They are much more free than their parents, crazy! Cindycomes from Los Angeles.Interviewer：What do you think of the English weather?Cindy：Well, it's rather cloudy and depressing. I get tired of all these "sunny intervals." There's not enough sunshine. Other than that,it's all right. It's not too cold, nor too warm.Interviewer：And have you had much opportunity to eat English food? Cindy：Yes, I avoid it, because it's dull. I think it's dull. And I think the English eat a lot of sweets and greasy food like chips. Interviewer：And what about the English way of life? What do you think of that?Cindy：Well, it's certainly more relaxed, but I think that the English people are -- tend to be -- difficult to get to know. They'rereserved. The cities are safer and I also think they're muchcleaner than the American cities, which makes it much morepleasant to live there. Usha comes from Madras, in India. Interviewer：Would you like to tell me what you think of the English weather? Usha：Well, the English weather is very changeable,but it's OK. Well, I like spring and autumn best. I think they arethe loveliest time of the year.Interviewer：And what about English food? What do you think of that?Usha：Well, English food is healthy. But I wouldn't like to haveit every day. It's rather ... I wouldn't say dull -- but too bland formy taste.Interviewer：And what about English people? How have you found them? Usha：Well, in the beginning, they are rather reserved,but once you get to know them, they are very friendly, and I'vegot many English friends now in England.Interviewer：And how have you found the English way of life?Usha：Well, city life is fast of course everywhere, but I like thecountryside very much. I like it very much, yes. Spiro comesfrom Salonika, in Greece.Interviewer：You've lived in England for about seven years. What do you think of English weather?Spiro：Well, I think the English winter is very depressing at times, especially when it drizzles all the time, and also the other thingthat makes it depressing is the long nights. It gets dark veryearly and you wake up and it's pitch black again, and so you goto work and it's very dark and you come home and it's darkagain. But in the summer, I think, when the sun's shining, it'svery pleasant indeed, with green parks, trees, very pleasant. Interviewer：And what about English food? What do you think of that?Spiro：Well, I think it's ... English food is all right, but there's a very limited selection of dishes. It's mostly roast and -- offhand --there's only about five typically English dishes I can think of,whereas compare that to Greek food, there's an enormousselection of dishes one could cook. Interviewer：And what doyou think of the English people?Spiro：I find them very reserved, but it seems that when you get to know them, they're quite friendly and sincere. But it usuallytakes some time to actually open an English person up -- if youlike.Interviewer：And what do you think of the English way of life?Spiro：Pretty awful, actually. It's the speed of life really that I find rather tiring.Part IV More about the topic:Native People of Alaska Audioscript:When the Russian discovered Alaska in 1741, they found it occupied by three groups of native peoples -- Eskimos, Aleuts, and Indians. Descendants of these natives still live in Alaska.Most scientists think that the native peoples migrated originallyfrom Asia to North America, not all at once but in wave after wave over thousands of years. Probably the last to enter Alaska were the ancestors of the northern Eskimos.Eskimos Of the different groups of native peoples, the Eskimos are the most numerous. From earliest times the Eskimos depended upon sea mammals, fish, and caribou for their living. In the 1890's reindeer werebrought from Siberia to start herds as an additional means of livelihood.Many Eskimos now live in frame houses heated by fuel oil, butthey once lived in sod and driftwood huts heated by seal-oil lamps. They did not build snow ig100s, as some of the Canadian Eskimos still do, except for emergency shelter.The Eskimos are superb hunters. They are an energetic people who have long been known for their ivory carving and other arts and crafts. Their way of life is changing as they find opportunities for schoolingand for employment in trades and professions.Aleuts The Aleutian Islands and the Alaska Peninsula are the homelands of the Aleuts. The Aleut language is related to the language of the Eskimos, and yet it is very different. Like the Eskimos, the Aleuts have always depended on the sea for food and other needs. Some of the present-day Aleuts operate fishing boats. Others work in fish canneries. Many Aleuts have Russian names, which go back to the time of the Russian occupation of Alaska.Indians There are two major groups of Indians -- the Indians of the Interior Plateau and the Indians of Southeastern Alaska.The Indians who live in the interior came to Alaska from Canada. Originally they were hunters. Some of them still live by hunting, fishing, and trapping. Others have moved to towns, where they live and work as do other present-day Alaskans.The Indians of Southeastern Alaska are sometimes known as the maritime Indians, or Indians who live near the sea. They have been in Alaska for hundreds of years. Carving and basket making are among the crafts of the maritime Indians. They are known for their totem poles. From earliest times they depended on fish, especially salmon, for their living. Today they are efficient business people who operate commercial fishing boats and canneries. They also follow other occupations such as logging, shopkeeping, and working in government offices.Part V Do you know ...? Audioscript:Dan Cruickshank：I'm at Cuiaba in the western Brazil -- and I'm about to fly, go by car, and by boat, around 750 kilometres into theAmazon rainforest to find my living treasure. My treasure's notan ancient artifact, but something very special that continues tobe created and used by people deep in the rainforest.After several hours, we cross the threshold into what remainsof the rainforest. It's been fenced off and is now protected bythe Brazilian government. I head down the Warema River, atributary of the Amazon, towards my treasure. It's anunbelievably beautiful work of art, created by a tribe called theIgbatsa (Rikbaktsa). Excellent reception committee. Wonderwho I approach. Hello.That is what I've come to see -- the headdress. My most colourful of treasures is a symbol of the Amazon and an object of immense importance to these people. Here we go.Oh my god. Wow. I expected one, maybe two, umahara, but a whole hut full. Beautiful objects, beautifully made, but more to the point, they're full of meaning to these people. They celebrate their culture, their aspirations, their religion. And made from human hair, parrot feathers. Ah, absolutely wonderful. The umahara headdress is worn with great pride by the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people. It's the emblem of an endangered culture. It once played a key role in war ceremonies and is still used in dance rituals. This dance takes place every day for 90 days after the first of June. It's a celebration of birth and all things new. During the dance wives have the right to ask favours of their husbands, who are obliged to grant them.After the dance, I talk to members of the tribe about the headdress and how it's made.Can I ask what it -- what it means to them today, the umahara headdress?Interpreter：He says the umahara represents a great richness in their own culture. And for their future. For their future, theyshouldn't stop creating it and using it for their own use.Dan Cruickshank：Represents their sense of identity really. Interpreter：It represents the identity of the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people. Dan Cruickshank：So we've got feathers from parrots and -- and female hair. That -- that is correct, is it... really? On -- onto -- Interpreter：This is from the -- a Marella clan.Dan Cruickshank：Yes, there is the hair.It's all rather perplexing. To preserve their traditions, theIgbatsa (Rikbaktsa) have to make the umahara headdresses. Yetin so doing, they must kill protected bird species for theirfeathers. While the faces and bodies of the men and women arebrightly painted in the traditional way, they sport natty shortsand bikini tops. Bit by bit, the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) are beingdrawn into the modern world, whether they like it or not. Asevening approaches, preparations are being made for supper. Arather tasty feast awaits me. This all brings back very deepmemories. The family halls scattered round about thecompound, the main hall where the communal ceremonies takeplace -- the people gathered round the fire at night eating. Thefields round about. It's like an Anglo-Saxon village in Englanda couple of hundred years ago. It's like meeting one's ancestorscoming back here.Statements:1. The Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people live in Brazil.2. The headdress is made from parrot feathers and male hair.3. The headdress is now used in dance rituals to celebrate birthand all things new.4. The dance takes place every day in June.5. During the dance, husbands cannot refuse favors asked bytheir wives.6. The Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people do not like the modern wayof life.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:Narrator：It looks like a paradise, but it is in fact the most treacherous desert in the world：the Kalahari. After the short rainy season, there are many water holes, and even rivers. But after a few weeks, the water sinks away into the deep Kalahari sand. The water holes dry up, and the rivers stop flowing. The grass fades to a beautiful blond color that offersexcellent grazing for the animals. But for the next nine months, there'llbe no water to drink. So most of the animals move away, leaving the beautiful blond grass uneaten. Humans avoid the deep Kalahri like the plague because man must have water to live. So the beautiful landscapes are devoid of people, except for the little people of the Kalahari. Pretty, dainty, small and graceful, the Bushmen. Where any other person would die of thirst in a few days, they live quite contentedly in this desert that doesn't look like a desert. They know where to dig for roots and bulbs and tubers and which berries and pods are good to eat. And of course they know what to do about water. For instance, in the early morning,you can collect dewdrops from leaves that were carefully laid out the previous evening. Or a plume of grass can be a reservoir. And if you have the know-how, an insignificant clump of twigs can tell you whereto dig, then you come to light with an enormous tuber. You scrape shavings off it with a stick that is split for a sharp edge. You take a handful of the shavings, point your thumb at your mouth and squeeze. They must be the most contented people in the world. They have no crime, no punishment, no violence, no laws, no police, judges, rulers or bosses. They believe that the gods put only good and useful things on the earth for them to use. In this world of theirs, nothing is bad or evil. Even a poisonous snake is not bad. You just have to keep away from the sharp end. Actually, a snake is very good. In fact, it's delicious and theskin makes a fine pouch. They live in the vastness of the Kalahari in small family groups.One family of Bushmen might meet up with another family once in afew years. But for the most part, they live in complete isolation, quite unaware that there are other people in the world. In the deep Kalahari, there are Bushmen who have never seen or heard of civilized man. Sometimes they hear a thundering sound when there are no clouds in the sky, and they assume that the gods have eaten too much again and their rummies are rumbling up there. Sometimes they can even see the evidence of the gods' flatulence. Their language has an idiosyncrasy of its own. It seems to consist mainly of clicking sounds. They are very gentle people. They'll never punish a child or even speak harshly to it.So of course their kids are extremely well-behaved. And their games are cute and inventive. When the family needs meat, the hunter dips his tiny arrow in a brew that acts as a tranquilizer. So when he shoots a buck, it only feels a sting and the arrow drops out. The buck runs away, but soon it gets very drowsy and it stops running. After a while, it goes to sleep. And the hunter apologizes to his prey. He explains that his family needs the meat. The one characteristic which really makes the Bushmen different from all the other races on earth is the fact that they have no sense of ownership at all. Where they live, there's really nothing you can own. Only trees and grass and animals. In fact these Bushmen havenever seen a stone or a rock in their lives. The hardest things they know are wood and bone. They live in a gentle world, where nothing is ashard as rock, or steel or concrete.。

Listen this way 听力教程第三册-5Unit 5 Meet People from around theWorldPart I Getting ready Audioscript:Presenter：Today Selina Kahn is in the arrival area at Gatwick Airport checking out today's topic -- national stereotypes. Selina ... Selinar：Thanks, John. I have with me Eric, who's just flown in with Virgin Atlantic from the USA.Eric：That's right. I've just come back from New York.Selinar：Is it as dangerous as they say?Eric：No, New York isn't dangerous, no more than any other big city, especially if you're careful and don't advertise the fact thatyou're a tourist.Selinar：And is it true what they say about New Yorkers, that they're rude, and that they only care about themselves?Eric：Well, I found the people were very friendly. However, they do have a reputation for not caring about other people. I think thereason for this is that life in New York is incredibly stressful.People just don't have the time to think about anybody else. Itisn't that they don't care.Selinar：Is there anything else you noticed about New Yorkers? Eric：Two things I had heard about before I went to New York did seem to be true, though. First is that they are always talkingabout money and how much things cost. Secondly, it's thatpeople eat all the time as they go about their daily lives, youknow they "graze on the hoof" as they walk about the streets. Selinar：Thanks Eric, and now I have with me, Sue, who's been to the south of France ...Part II New Icelanders Audioscript:New Zealand is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean about 1 200 miles southeast of Australia. It has about 2 575 000 people. Two thirds live on the North Islands, and one third on the larger South Island. Most of them are of British descent.Almost everyone in New Zealand knows how to read and write. Thegovernment provides free education for children from ages 3 to 19. Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 7 and 15, but most enter school by the age of 5. Young children who live far from schools belong to the Government Correspondence School and listen to daily school broadcasts on the radio.New Zealanders enjoy one of the highest standards of living in the world. There are no people of great wealth, but poverty is practically unknown. The majority of families live in one-story wooden homes. Most families have an automobile, and many have modern home appliances. Because the country is a major producer of sheep and dairy products, meat and butter form a larger share of the diet than is common in other countries. The people are among the world's greatest tea drinkers.Many of the books, magazines, and movies in New Zealand come from the United Kingdom or the United States. But the number of books published in the country is growing rapidly. Musical and theatrical groups come from Europe and North America to perform. The larger cities have radio and television stations. The National Symphony Orchestra gives concerts throughout the country, and there are also opera and ballet companies.New Zealanders enjoy the outdoors, and people of all ages take part in sports. Favorite holiday activities are camping, boating, hunting andfishing. Horse racing draws large crowds to racetracks. Rugby football is a national game. Other team sports are soccer, cricket, basketball, and field hockey.Statements：1. New Zealand is about 1 400 miles from Australia.2. More people live on the larger South Island than the North Island in New Zealand.3. Most New Zealanders are of British origin.4. Children in New Zealand usually go to school at the age of5.5. Not many New Zealanders have their own cars.6. New Zealanders are fond of drinking a lot of tea.Part III What do you think of Britain？Audioscript: ?Paul comes from Jamaica.Interviewer：What do you think of English food?Paul：English food -- right now, I can enjoy it, but when I first came up from the West Indies, I found it rather distasteful, rather boring,no flavor, no taste.Interviewer：What do you think of the English weather?Paul：The English weather -- I do not think there are enough adjectives to describe (it) -- miserable, cold, damp, changeable,depressing. I think bleak is the best word.Interviewer：Now what do you think about English people and their way of life?Paul：The older generation of English people are really snobbish -- the snob-nosed English. But the youth of England today -- they'rereally alive, you know, they're more vibrant, on fire, alive.They are much more free than their parents, crazy! Cindycomes from Los Angeles.Interviewer：What do you think of the English weather?Cindy：Well, it's rather cloudy and depressing. I get tired of all these "sunny intervals." There's not enough sunshine. Other than that,it's all right. It's not too cold, nor too warm.Interviewer：And have you had much opportunity to eat English food? Cindy：Yes, I avoid it, because it's dull. I think it's dull. And I think the English eat a lot of sweets and greasy food like chips. Interviewer：And what about the English way of life? What do you think of that?Cindy：Well, it's certainly more relaxed, but I think that the English people are -- tend to be -- difficult to get to know. They'rereserved. The cities are safer and I also think they're muchcleaner than the American cities, which makes it much morepleasant to live there. Usha comes from Madras, in India. Interviewer：Would you like to tell me what you think of the English weather? Usha：Well, the English weather is very changeable,but it's OK. Well, I like spring and autumn best. I think they arethe loveliest time of the year.Interviewer：And what about English food? What do you think of that?Usha：Well, English food is healthy. But I wouldn't like to haveit every day. It's rather ... I wouldn't say dull -- but too bland formy taste.Interviewer：And what about English people? How have you found them? Usha：Well, in the beginning, they are rather reserved,but once you get to know them, they are very friendly, and I'vegot many English friends now in England.Interviewer：And how have you found the English way of life?Usha：Well, city life is fast of course everywhere, but I like thecountryside very much. I like it very much, yes. Spiro comesfrom Salonika, in Greece.Interviewer：You've lived in England for about seven years. What do you think of English weather?Spiro：Well, I think the English winter is very depressing at times, especially when it drizzles all the time, and also the other thingthat makes it depressing is the long nights. It gets dark veryearly and you wake up and it's pitch black again, and so you goto work and it's very dark and you come home and it's darkagain. But in the summer, I think, when the sun's shining, it'svery pleasant indeed, with green parks, trees, very pleasant. Interviewer：And what about English food? What do you think of that?Spiro：Well, I think it's ... English food is all right, but there's a very limited selection of dishes. It's mostly roast and -- offhand --there's only about five typically English dishes I can think of,whereas compare that to Greek food, there's an enormousselection of dishes one could cook. Interviewer：And what doyou think of the English people?Spiro：I find them very reserved, but it seems that when you get to know them, they're quite friendly and sincere. But it usuallytakes some time to actually open an English person up -- if youlike.Interviewer：And what do you think of the English way of life? Spiro：Pretty awful, actually. It's the speed of life really that I find rather tiring.Part IV More about the topic:Native People of Alaska Audioscript:When the Russian discovered Alaska in 1741, they found it occupied by three groups of native peoples -- Eskimos, Aleuts, and Indians. Descendants of these natives still live in Alaska.Most scientists think that the native peoples migrated originally from Asia to North America, not all at once but in wave after wave over thousands of years. Probably the last to enter Alaska were the ancestors of the northern Eskimos.Eskimos Of the different groups of native peoples, the Eskimos are the most numerous. From earliest times the Eskimos depended upon sea mammals, fish, and caribou for their living. In the 1890's reindeer werebrought from Siberia to start herds as an additional means of livelihood.Many Eskimos now live in frame houses heated by fuel oil, but they once lived in sod and driftwood huts heated by seal-oil lamps. They did not build snow ig100s, as some of the Canadian Eskimos still do, except for emergency shelter.The Eskimos are superb hunters. They are an energetic people who have long been known for their ivory carving and other arts and crafts. Their way of life is changing as they find opportunities for schooling and for employment in trades and professions.Aleuts The Aleutian Islands and the Alaska Peninsula are the homelands of the Aleuts. The Aleut language is related to the language of the Eskimos, and yet it is very different. Like the Eskimos, the Aleuts have always depended on the sea for food and other needs. Some of the present-day Aleuts operate fishing boats. Others work in fish canneries. Many Aleuts have Russian names, which go back to the time of the Russian occupation of Alaska.Indians There are two major groups of Indians -- the Indians of the Interior Plateau and the Indians of Southeastern Alaska.The Indians who live in the interior came to Alaska from Canada. Originally they were hunters. Some of them still live by hunting, fishing, and trapping. Others have moved to towns, where they live and work as do other present-day Alaskans.The Indians of Southeastern Alaska are sometimes known as the maritime Indians, or Indians who live near the sea. They have been in Alaska for hundreds of years. Carving and basket making are among the crafts of the maritime Indians. They are known for their totem poles. From earliest times they depended on fish, especially salmon, for their living. Today they are efficient business people who operate commercial fishing boats and canneries. They also follow other occupations such as logging, shopkeeping, and working in government offices.Part V Do you know ...? Audioscript:Dan Cruickshank：I'm at Cuiaba in the western Brazil -- and I'm about to fly, go by car, and by boat, around 750 kilometres into theAmazon rainforest to find my living treasure. My treasure's notan ancient artifact, but something very special that continues tobe created and used by people deep in the rainforest.After several hours, we cross the threshold into what remainsof the rainforest. It's been fenced off and is now protected bythe Brazilian government. I head down the Warema River, atributary of the Amazon, towards my treasure. It's anunbelievably beautiful work of art, created by a tribe called theIgbatsa (Rikbaktsa). Excellent reception committee. Wonderwho I approach. Hello.That is what I've come to see -- the headdress. My most colourful of treasures is a symbol of the Amazon and an object of immense importance to these people. Here we go.Oh my god. Wow. I expected one, maybe two, umahara, but a whole hut full. Beautiful objects, beautifully made, but more to the point, they're full of meaning to these people. They celebrate their culture, their aspirations, their religion. And made from human hair, parrot feathers. Ah, absolutely wonderful. The umahara headdress is worn with great pride by the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people. It's the emblem of an endangered culture. It once played a key role in war ceremonies and is still used in dance rituals. This dance takes place every day for 90 days after the first of June. It's a celebration of birth and all things new. During the dance wives have the right to ask favours of their husbands, who are obliged to grant them.After the dance, I talk to members of the tribe about the headdress and how it's made.Can I ask what it -- what it means to them today, the umahara headdress?Interpreter：He says the umahara represents a great richness in their own culture. And for their future. For their future, theyshouldn't stop creating it and using it for their own use.Dan Cruickshank：Represents their sense of identity really. Interpreter：It represents the identity of the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people. Dan Cruickshank：So we've got feathers from parrots and -- and female hair. That -- that is correct, is it... really? On -- onto -- Interpreter：This is from the -- a Marella clan.Dan Cruickshank：Yes, there is the hair.It's all rather perplexing. To preserve their traditions, theIgbatsa (Rikbaktsa) have to make the umahara headdresses. Yetin so doing, they must kill protected bird species for theirfeathers. While the faces and bodies of the men and women arebrightly painted in the traditional way, they sport natty shortsand bikini tops. Bit by bit, the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) are beingdrawn into the modern world, whether they like it or not. Asevening approaches, preparations are being made for supper. Arather tasty feast awaits me. This all brings back very deepmemories. The family halls scattered round about thecompound, the main hall where the communal ceremonies takeplace -- the people gathered round the fire at night eating. Thefields round about. It's like an Anglo-Saxon village in Englanda couple of hundred years ago. It's like meeting one's ancestorscoming back here.Statements:1. The Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people live in Brazil.2. The headdress is made from parrot feathers and male hair.3. The headdress is now used in dance rituals to celebrate birthand all things new.4. The dance takes place every day in June.5. During the dance, husbands cannot refuse favors asked bytheir wives.6. The Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people do not like the modern wayof life.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:Narrator：It looks like a paradise, but it is in fact the most treacherous desert in the world：the Kalahari. After the short rainy season, there are many water holes, and even rivers. But after a few weeks, the water sinks away into the deep Kalahari sand. The water holes dry up, and the rivers stop flowing. The grass fades to a beautiful blond color that offersexcellent grazing for the animals. But for the next nine months, there'll be no water to drink. So most of the animals move away, leaving the beautiful blond grass uneaten. Humans avoid the deep Kalahri like the plague because man must have water to live. So the beautiful landscapes are devoid of people, except for the little people of the Kalahari. Pretty, dainty, small and graceful, the Bushmen. Where any other person would die of thirst in a few days, they live quite contentedly in this desert that doesn't look like a desert. They know where to dig for roots and bulbs and tubers and which berries and pods are good to eat. And of course they know what to do about water. For instance, in the early morning, you can collect dewdrops from leaves that were carefully laid out the previous evening. Or a plume of grass can be a reservoir. And if you have the know-how, an insignificant clump of twigs can tell you where to dig, then you come to light with an enormous tuber. You scrape shavings off it with a stick that is split for a sharp edge. You take a handful of the shavings, point your thumb at your mouth and squeeze. They must be the most contented people in the world. They have no crime, no punishment, no violence, no laws, no police, judges, rulers or bosses. They believe that the gods put only good and useful things on the earth for them to use. In this world of theirs, nothing is bad or evil. Even a poisonous snake is not bad. You just have to keep away from the sharp end. Actually, a snake is very good. In fact, it's delicious and theskin makes a fine pouch. They live in the vastness of the Kalahari in small family groups.One family of Bushmen might meet up with another family once in a few years. But for the most part, they live in complete isolation, quite unaware that there are other people in the world. In the deep Kalahari, there are Bushmen who have never seen or heard of civilized man. Sometimes they hear a thundering sound when there are no clouds in the sky, and they assume that the gods have eaten too much again and their rummies are rumbling up there. Sometimes they can even see the evidence of the gods' flatulence. Their language has an idiosyncrasy of its own. It seems to consist mainly of clicking sounds. They are very gentle people. They'll never punish a child or even speak harshly to it. So of course their kids are extremely well-behaved. And their games are cute and inventive. When the family needs meat, the hunter dips his tiny arrow in a brew that acts as a tranquilizer. So when he shoots a buck, it only feels a sting and the arrow drops out. The buck runs away, but soon it gets very drowsy and it stops running. After a while, it goes to sleep. And the hunter apologizes to his prey. He explains that his family needs the meat. The one characteristic which really makes the Bushmen different from all the other races on earth is the fact that they have no sense of ownership at all. Where they live, there's really nothing you can own. Only trees and grass and animals. In fact these Bushmen havenever seen a stone or a rock in their lives. The hardest things they know are wood and bone. They live in a gentle world, where nothing is as hard as rock, or steel or concrete.。

Listen this way 听力教程第三册-2Unit 2 Wildlife ConservationPart Ⅰ Getting readygravely：严重species：物种extinct：灭种on the brink：在边缘can't afford to wait any more：不能再等待take action：采取行动abbreviations ：缩写acronyms：首字母缩略词IUCN -- International Union for the Conservation of Nature：世界自然保护联盟convention：会议;全体与会者;国际公约;惯例，习俗，规矩CITES -- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species：华盛顿公约，濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约conservation：保存;保护;避免浪费;对自然环境的保护UNEP -- United Nations Environmental Program：联合国环境规划署WWF -- World Wide Fund for Nature ：世界自然基金会regulate：调节;控制，管理promote the conservation：促进保护under the auspices of：在…的帮助或支持下;有…赞助的prohibit：禁止endangered species：濒危野生动植物种encourage partnerships in doing sth：鼓励伙伴partnership：伙伴关系;合伙人身份;合作关系;合营公司inspiring information：鼓舞人心的信息improve their quality of life：改善生活品质without compromising：不妥协enable sb to do sth：使……能raise funds for ：筹款giant panda：大熊猫a global network：全球网Gland：格兰德Switzerland：瑞士biological diversity：生物多样性ecosystem services：生态系统服务variety：种类a breathable atmosphere：洁净的（能够呼吸的）空气reduce in number ：数量减少role：任务negligible：以忽略的;微不足道的apes：猿whales：鲸seals：海豹marine turtles：海龟walrus：海象dolphins：海豚crocodiles：鳄鱼bludgeon：攻击;威胁，强迫campaign：运动sanctuaries：庇护所sea sanctuary：海洋保护区protected-nesting sites ：受保护的营巢区nesting site：营巢区;筑巢区;巢址pollute：污染ivory：象牙porpoise：动鼠海豚come into force：开始生效habitat：（动物的）栖息地，住处compromise：妥协roll off：辗轧;下降breed：繁殖public appeal：公众诉求;呼吁slaughter：屠宰（动物）;大屠杀make a donation：捐款Wild animals and wild plants and the wild places where they live are gravely threatened almost everywhere. One species has become extinct in each year of this century; and many hundreds are now on the brink. We can't afford to wait any more. It is time that we take action.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. habitat: the natural home of a planet or animal2. species: a group of plants or animals of the same kind, which are alike in all important ways and can breed together3. bludgeon: hit with a heavy object4. census: a count of a total population5. logistics: the planning and implementation of the details of any operation6. degrade: bring down7. adversely: in the manner of going against, opposing8. refuge: a place that provides protection or shelter from danger9. aquatic: living in or on water10. mussel: a small sea animal living inside a black shell whose soft body can be eaten as food (淡菜)11. staple food: basic food or main food that one normally eats12. picky eater: someone who is very careful about choosing only what they like to eat13. shrink: to become or cause to become smaller in size14. case study: a detailed analytical study of a person or something with a view to making generalizationsB Listen to some abbreviations and acronyms of some organizations and some information about them. Fill in the blanks.Audioscript:1. IUCN -- International Union for the Conservation of Nature, is the organization established by the United Nations to promote the conservation of wildlife and habitats as part of the national policies of member states.2. CITES -- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. is an international agreement under the auspices of the IUCN with the aim of regulating trade in endangered species of animals and plants. The agreement came into force in 1975 and by 1991 had been signed by 110 states. It prohibits any trade in a category of 8,000 highly endangered species and controls trade in a further 30,000 species.3. UNEP -- United Nations Environmental Program, aims to provide leadershi p and encourage partnerships in caring for the environment by inspiring information and enabling nations and people to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.4. WWF -- World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), is an international organization established in 1961 to raise funds for conservation by public appeal. Projects include conservation of particular species, for example, the tiger and giant panda. With almost five million supporters distributed throughoutfive continents, WWF has a global network active in over 90 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland.Biological diversity provides us with a variety of special "ecosystem services", such as clean water, a breathable atmosphere and natural climate control. However, many kinds of wild animals have been so reduced in number that their role in the ecosystem is negligible. Animals like the great apes, the whales, seals, and marine turtles are under particular pressure.C Listen to the conversation. Match column A, which is alist of the names of some endangered animals, with column B, which gives the information about those endangeredanimals. Then anwser the questions.Questions:1. What do people at the World Wildlife Fund work for according to the woman?They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife.2. What are they doing in order to protect those endangered animals? They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species. Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been set up.3. Can you guess the meaning of "sea sanctuaries"?It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freely.Audioscript:A: Hello, I'm calling on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund.B: The what?A: The World Wildlife Fund. If you've got a few minutes I'd like to tell you what that means.B: Oh, all right.A: We work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife. The seas, for example, have become polluted by the industrialized world; whales are being hunted to extinction;turtles are rolled off their eggs when they come ashore to breed or are slaughtered for their meat and oil...B: Oh.A: Crocodiles are killed to make handbags and shoes; walruses are hunted for their ivory.B: I see.A: Seals are bludgeoned to death to provide fur coats and the threat of extinction hangs over several species of whale, dolphin and porpoise.B: Really.A: We are now campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.B: Very interesting.A: Aided by our campaign, protected nesting sites for turtles have already been set up. As you can see, this is very valuable work and I wonder therefore if you'd like to make a donation?Part II Christmas bird countsbe deemed：（被）认为，视为，断定fortunes ：命运critically：危急;严重perilous：危险的，冒险的at risk of ：有……危险imminent extinction：即将灭绝lose a species：丧失一个物种residents：居民maintaining：保持sustain：维持;支撑;忍受quality：质量sustaining the quality of lives ：维持生活质量John James Audubon ：约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦，1785年4月26日-1851年1月27日)，美国画家、博物学家，他绘制的鸟类图鉴被称作“美国国宝”illustrate：说明；描绘；画插图in their natural habitats：自然居住地conservationist：自然资源保护者，生态环境保护者feather：羽毛，翎毛manufacture：制造sponsored by ：赞助;发起the National Audubon Society：全国奥杜邦（鸟类保护）协会Bermuda：百慕大群岛（北大西洋西部群岛）Pacific islands：太平洋岛屿volunteer：志愿者bird count：鸟类的清点experienced：有经验的bird watcher：野鸟观察者，鸟类观察家diameter：直径observe：观察actually ：实际上，实质上，事实上，几乎longest-running：播放时间最长的census：人口普查，统计;人口财产调查ornithology：鸟类学;鸟学scheduled：排定，进度表logistics：组织工作ideal：理想；目标virtually：实际上，实质上，事实上，几乎identify ：识别，认出Panama：巴拿马esthetic value：审美价值indicator：指示器habitat alteration：栖息地变更signal：信号，暗号;预兆，征象degrade：降低，贬低;使降级degradation：退化;堕落;降级adversely：反对;不利地;有害地annual：每年Christmas bird counts：对诞（岛）数鸟decline：下降One in eight of the world's bird species is deemed globally threatened and the fortunes of 198 critically endangered species are now so perilous that they are at risk of imminent extinction. Many people feel that every time we lose a species, the world becomes a poorer place. The more successful we are at maintaining or improving the living conditions of the Earth'smany residents, the better our chances will be of sustaining the quality of all species' lives on Earth.A Listen to a news report. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column according to the following cues. While listening for the second time, supply the missing information.Event: Christmas bird countsTime: from Christmas to Jan. 3rdSponsored by: the National Audubon SocietyParticipants:Numbers:more than 40,000 volunteersBackground: from all 50 states of the U.S., every Canadianprovince, parts of Central and SouthAmerica', Bermuda, the West Indiesand Pacific islandsNumber of bird counts this year: more than 1 600 separate bird countsThe logistics of bird counts: Each individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point.Origin of the National Audubon Society: It was named after an American artist John James Audubon, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society was founded in the late1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds.B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the report. Complete the summary of this year's Christmas bird counts.Christmas bird counts will start from Christmas to January 3rd., sponsored by the National Audubon Society. This year more than 40 000 volunteers from the U.S., Canada, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands will be outside counting birds. The counts are not only for experienced bird watchers but anyone that is interested or concerned as well.This year more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. Every individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point. Bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on t he number of birds they actually see.The traditional Christmas bird count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.Audioscript:John James Audubon was an American artist in the early 1800s, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society named after him was founded in the late 1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds, which were being killed so their feathers could be used in the manufacture of women's hats.Sponsored by the National Audubon Society, more than 40 000 volunteers will be outside counting birds from today until January3rd. Volunteers from all 50 states of the United States, every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands have begun to count and record every individual bird and bird species observed during the two and one half week period of the count.Jeffrey LeBaron is the National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count editor. He says the count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.This year, according to Mr. LeBaron , more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10people taking part, others with hundreds. The logistics of the Christmas bird count, he adds, are simple."Each individual count is in a circle. It's a 15 mile diameter circle, um, around the exact center point. And it's always the exactly same area that's done every year, usually, even on the same weekend during the count period. And what the ideal would be, which is virtually impossible, is this census: every single individual bird within that circle on the count day."Mr. LeBaron says experienced bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on the number of birds they actually see. The editor points out, however, that the counts are not only for experienced bird watchers."Anybody that is interested or concerned can become involved. Beginners will go out in a party with experienced individuals who know both the area and the birds in the area, in the field where more eyes and ears are better. And then anybody can point out a bird, and someone in the field will always be able to identify the bird."C Now listen to what Mr. Lebaron says about the information concerning birds. Complete the outline.OutlineI. Total number of known species -- about 9 300II. HabitatA. Larger numbers living in the warmer climatese.g. more than 300 different species counted in PanamaB. far fewer species native to colder climatesIII. ValueA. importance to the environment1. indicator of the quality of environment2. sensitive to habitat alterationB. esthetic value1. getting pleasure out of looking at birds andlistening to birds2. mental quality of life degraded without birds IV. Birds' populationA. some species -- decliningB. many types -- increasingAudioscript:Mr. LeBaron says there are about 9 300 different known species of birds. Larger numbers of them live in the warmer climates. For example, more than 300 different species have been counted in Panama, while far fewer species are native to colder climates. Aside from their esthetic value, Mr. LeBaron says birds are important to the environment because they can signal changes in it."Birds are one of the best indicators that we have of the quality of the environment within the given area. Whether it is a relatively local area, or even primarily on the worldwide bases, they are one of the first things to be altered. They are quite sensitive to a habitat alteration or to other threats. And often times when birds are disappearing out of the area, it just means there is a degradation of the quality of the habitat within that area which will adversely affect everything in there including humans."National Audubon Society editor Jeffrey LeBaron calls the world's bird populations a source of wealth that humans must protect. "People get so much pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds. And if they start disappearing just the er, the quality of life,um, may be not physically, but the mental quality of life can be degraded quickly."Jeffrey LeBaron says that while the National Audubon Society's annual Christmas bird counts show a decline in some species, many types of birds are actually increasing their populations.Part III Dolphin captivityin captivity：养在笼子（或池子，等）里；囚禁announcer：播音员thesis statements：文意，简述论文，论文主题Colorado Public Radio：科罗拉多州公共广播电台aquatic park：水上公园Denver：丹佛（美国科罗拉多州）ire：愤怒dolphin ：海豚instigate：教唆;煽动;激起a former navy dolphin trainer ：前海军海豚训练员Florida：佛罗里达州ranges：范围family-oriented：面向家庭的；群居的concrete tank：混凝土水箱，混凝土油罐，混凝土贮水池sonar：声呐装置bounce off：试探（某人对某一新设想和意见），大发议论ocean explorer：海洋探险家reject：拒绝;抛弃suicidal：自杀的，自杀性的;自我毁灭的，自取灭亡的;于己不利pool ：池子a very sophisticated brain：发达的大脑sophisticated：复杂的;精致的;富有经验的;深奥微妙的Portland：波特兰(俄勒冈州)Oregon.：俄勒冈州captive dolphins ：被捕的海豚Sarasota Bay：萨拉索塔湾（佛罗里达州）Florida：佛罗里达州the census data ：统计数据distribution：分配，分布debate：讨论;辩论;争论marine mammal：海洋哺乳动物organisms：有机体;生物operate：操作，运行metabolically：代谢的anti-educational：对抗教育，反教育，逆教育natural behavior ：自然行为alter：改变;更改stranded：处于困境的beach：海滩fractured ribs or jaws：头骨、肋骨、下颌骨骨折pros：同意，支持cons：反对We have learned a great deal by observing the animals kept in the zoo. However, wildlife is wild. Do you think we are protecting them or making them suffer by keeping them in captivity?A The following words are used in the news interview. Listen to the words first. Study the definitions carefully.1. ire: anger2. instigate: provoke to some action3. sonar: a method for finding and locating objects under water by means of the sound waves they reflect or produce4. bounce (off): (sound or light) reach the surface and is reflected back5. marine: of, near or living in the sea6. breed: produce offspring7. metabolically: pertaining to what is needed to function8. alter: change9. stranded: left abandonedB Listen to the news interview. There are five persons in it.Match column A with column B to indicate who's who.Then write out the thesis statements they are arguing about.Thesis Statement No. 1:Dolphins should be kept in captivity.Thesis Statement No. 2:There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.C Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of theinterview. Write out each person's pros (agree with thethesis) or cons (disagree with the thesis) for each thesisstatement in note form.Audioscript:[Alan Tu is an announcer for Colorado Public Radio; Peter Jones is a reporter for Colorado Public Radio. The other speakers are identified in the report.]A: A planned aquatic park in Denver is raising the ire of animal rights activists who object to a proposal to include a captivedolphin display. Although officials for Colorado's OceanJourneys say they have yet to make a final decision on the issue, local and national activists have already instigated a "NoDolphins in Denver" campaign. As Colorado Public Radio'sPeter Jones reports, the battle lines have been clearly drawn. P:Rick Troud, a former navy dolphin trainer based in Florida, is taking an active role in the "No Dolphins" campaign.R:Average age in the wild ranges anywhere in some of the studies between 30 and 40 years of age. In captivity, you can expect adolphin to live maybe 5.13 years, and every 7 years in captivity the dolphin population is dead.P:According to Troud, there are many reasons why dolphins can't live full lives in captivity.R:If you take a look at where the real dolphin is in the real ocean, you find the dolphin who swims 40 miles a day, is veryfamily-oriented. These animals are separated from theirmothers; that's a stress. You put them in a concrete tank where their sonar bounces off the walls, they can't swim in the sameamount of time and direction that they can in the wild.P:Environmentalist and ocean explorer, Jean Michel Cousteau:J: There are some animals which reject captivity right away, and they're very suicidal. I've had one of those in my own arms for many days. The next morning when I came to take care of him, he was dead. And what he'd done was to swim as fast as hecould from one end of the pool on ... to the other side anddestroyed his head by hitting the wall. They have a verysophisticated brain. I don't think we have any rights to playwith the lives of these animals.P:Cousteau's anti-captivity position is challenged by Dr. Deborah Duffield, a biology professor at Portland State College inOregon. Her 1990 study compared captive dolphins to the wild population of Sarasota Bay, Florida. Among other findings, the study showed little if any difference in the average age of death.And Duffield says life is generally getting better for captivedolphins.D: The census data say that every time I do a census, I've got older and older animals in it as well as this normal age distribution that we've been looking at. So my feeling is that the trend incaptivity has been that the group of animals that we'refollowing are getting older, and if they continue to do that over the next five years, they will then indeed be older than the wild population.P:There is also a debate over the educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity. According to Duffield, captive dolphins play an important role in our basic understanding of the animals.D: I firmly believe that we cannot learn anything about organisms that we share this world with if we do not understand how they live in an environment, and what they do, and that watchingthem go by in the wild will not do it. I cannot tell what ananimal needs, unless I know how it operates, how it breeds,what it needs metabolically, and I can't learn that from animals in the wild.P:But Troud says the dolphin displays are anti-educational because the animals' natural behavior patterns are altered by captivity.R:In the wild, you don't have dolphins who beat each other to death.There are no dolphins that I've ever seen stranded on the beach, who are suffering from fractured skulls, fractured ribs orfractured jaws, as is the case in captivity.P:The Ocean Journey board will take all factors into consideration before making a final decision on whether to include dolphinsin the park. For Colorado Public Radio, I'm Peter Jones.Part IV More about the topic:Wildlife in dangera profound effect：深远的影响ecosystems：生态系统upsetting：倾复unclear：不清楚adapt enough to：适应得够adapt to：使适应于，能应付survive：活命mountain：山forest：林giant panda：大熊猫roughly：大约bamboo：竹子staple food：主食Michigan State University：密歇根州立大学a dramatic impact：巨大影响the long-term solution：长期的解决方案long-term：长期的;长远heat-resistant：耐热的，抗热的notoriously：恶名昭彰地;声名狼藉地picky eater：好挑食shrink：收缩，皱缩;（使）缩水;退缩，畏缩shrinking fish：水温高鱼变小consequence：结果metabolic：新陈代谢的metabolic rates：代谢率oxygen：氧气stay alive：活着predict：预言，预测kill off：消灭，一个接一个地杀死projection：预测;规划，设计relatively：关系上地;相对地;比较calculate：计算;估计;打算，计划;旨在case study：个案研究;专题;研究实例;范例分析unexpectedly：未料到地，意外地;竟;居然;骤然North Atlantic cod：北大西洋鳕鱼underestimate：低估haddock：小口鳕，黑线鳕Climate change is having a profound effect on ecosystems around the world, upsetting and altering the lives of numerous species of animals. As temperatures continue to rise, it's unclear whether all species will be able to adapt enough to survive, especially as other species in their ecosystems adapt by getting smaller or larger.A In the following report, you will learn some facts about the giant panda, an endangered species in China. Listen carefully and supply the missing information.There are roughly 1 600 pandas living in the wild, mainly in the mountain forests of western China. Bamboo is their staple food. And they eat up to 38 kg a day. But some species of the plant take many years to grow, which means they don't adapt to climate change. Scientists are now predicting that an increasing temperature of even 2°C will kill off the species the pandas need to survive. One of the study's authors is Professor Jack Lu of Michigan State University."Even by the middle of the century, this century, the impact will be very obvious. And by the end of the century, in many areas, 100 percent of this bamboo will be gone. And that's really a dramatic impact that people have not realized". Reducing global warming is the long-term solution and creating new panda habitats is another. It may also be possible to introduce new species of bamboo that are heat-resistant. But unfortunately, pandas are notoriously picky eaters and may reject even a slight change to their diet. Audioscript:There are roughly 1 600 pandas living in the wild, mainly in the mountain forests of western China. Bamboo is their staple food. And they eat up to 38 kg a day. But some species of the plant take many years to grow, which means they don't adapt to climate change. Scientists are now predicting that an increasing temperature of even 2°C will kill off the species the pandas need to survive. One of the study's authors is Professor Jack Lu of Michigan State University. "Even by the middle of the century, this century, the impact will be very obvious. And by the end of the century, in many areas, 100 percent of this bamboo will be gone. And that's really a dramatic impact that people haven not realized". Reducing global warming is the long-term solution and creating new panda habitats is another. Itmay also be possible to introduce new species of bamboo that are heat-resistant. But unfortunately, pandas are notoriously picky eaters and may reject even a slight change to their diet.B The following report is about shrinking fish found in thesea as a consequence of global warming. While listening for the first time, note down as many key words as you can inthe left-hand column. After the second listening, fill in thegaps in the summary in the right-hand column with the help of the notes.Audioscript:Although projections of global temperature rises show relatively small changes at the bottom of the oceans, the resulting impacts on fish body size are "unexpectedly large", according to this research. As ocean temperatures increase, so do the body temperatures and metabolic rates of the fish. This means they use more oxygen to stay alive and, according to the researchers, they have less avalilable for growth.They've calculated that up to 2050, fish will shrink in size by between 14 and 24 percent, with the Indian and Atlantic Oceans worst affected. The warming waters are also likely to drive fish more towards the poles, leading to smaller species living in areas like the North Sea.According to the scientists, their models may underestimate the potential impacts. When they looked at case studies involving North Atlantic cod and haddock, they found that recorded data on these fish showed greater decreases in actual body size than the models predicted.Part V Do you know ...?catalog：目录，目录册，目录簿inhabit v.：居住the planet：这个行星（地球）estimate：估计，预测;报价，exceeding：胜过in the form of parks：在公园的形式下wildlife refuge：野生动物保护区reserve：保护区，保存，储备aquatic animal：水生动物crayfish：淡水螯虾（肉）;龙虾mussel：贻贝，蚌类;淡菜In general, an endangered species is one that's in immediate danger of becoming extinct. Its numbers are usually low, and it needs protection in order to survive.Listen to some facts about endangered species. Pay special attention to the numbers.Audioscript:● Scientists hav e cataloged more than one and one-half million ofthe species that exist on Earth today. By some recent estimates, at least 20 times that many species inhabit the planet.● Up to 100 species become extinct every day. Scientists estimatethat the total number of species lost each year may climb to40,000 by the year 2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last 65 million years.● Around the world more than 3 500 protected areas exist in theform of parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of about 2 million square miles (5 million square km, or 3% of our total land area).● Today, more than 200 animal species in the United States areclassified as endangered. More than 1,000 animal species areendangered worldwide.● Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America,a third of our fish species, two-thirds of our crayfish speciesand nearly three-quarters of the mussel species are in trouble. Part VI Reminder of key points inthis unitPart VII Watch and enjoyYou're going to watch a video clip taken from Saving Species, a program by National Geographic Society. Watch carefully and decide whether the following statements are True or False. Write "T" or "F" for each statement.endangered species.creatures.plants and animals in immediate danger of extinction.endangered species in the America.of a biological catastohpe.depend utterly on other creatures for our very survival and therefore they're our companions in the biosphere.Videoscript::The first Europeans on this continent had a common enemy to conquer. It was called nature. America seemed to be an endless expanse of hostile wilderness. Bison wandered along the Potomac. Grizzly bears strolled the beaches of California. Human beings did not even know it was possible for a species to go extinct, but we。

Listen this way听力教程第三册-1Unit 1 The Earth at RiskPart ⅠGetting readyThe environment is the natural world of land, sea, air, plants, and animals that exists around towns and cities. Since there is only one globe where we're living, more and more people have come to realize the importance of protecting the total global environment.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. vicious circle：a set of events in which cause and effect'follow each other in a circular pattern2. monsoon season：the season of heavy rains that fall in India and neighboring countries3. hygiene：the study and practice of how to keep good health, esp. by paying attention to cleanliness4. accelerate：(cause to) move or go faster5. fossil fuel：any naturally occurring carbon or hydrocarbon fuel, such as coal, petroleum, peat, and natural gas, formed by the decomposition of prehistoric organisms6. latitude：a measure of relative position north or south on the Earth's surface, measured in degrees from the equator, which has a latitude of 0°, with the poles having a latitude of 90° north and south.7. contamination：the act of polluting or the state of being polluted8. hierarchy：a system in which people or things are arranged according to their importance9. priority：something given special or prior attention10. watershed：a ridge of high ground forming a divide between two different drainage basins or river systems or the region enclosed by such a divide and draining into a river, river system, or other body of water.B You are going to hear a short speech. Listen carefully and write down the environmental issues mentioned in the speech.Audioscript:The Amazon forests are disappearing because of increased burning and tree removal. In September, satellite pictures showed more than 20 000 fires burning in the Amazon. Experts say most of these fires were set by farmers. The farmers were attempting to clear land to grow crops. The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problem is that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down. World Wildlife Fund says the fires show the need for urgent international action to protect theworld's rain forests. The group warns that without such action some forests could be lost forever.Nowadays energy is too expensive to waste. It costs the country, and you, too much. What have you done to conserve existing energy resources? Here are some tips to help you slim your waste — save energy. Always remember that energy sense is common sense.C Now listen to some simple tips to help you save energy. Complete the dos and don'ts.Audioscript:● Don't attempt to iron everything. Rough-dry your towels and nylon things. Trust the thermostat on your iron — don't turn it up too high.● Don't leave the kettle to boil away. And don't fill it to the brim for onlya cup of tea!● Cut out unnecessary lighting. Every little helps.● Save it on heating. Do without a wall-fire if you can.● Defrost the fridge regularly. Ice build-up wastes fuel. Don't put hot food in either — if you do, the fridge has to work overtime.● It makes energy sense to wait until you've a full load before using your washing machine.● Cook a complete meal in the oven and save it on the rings and grill. Roast chicken, veg, and baked sweet to follow?It all adds up. The more energy you save, the more money you save. That's good housekeeping!When we listen to the weather forecasts, we often come across some terms related with the weather. For example, what is a cyclone? What is a hurricane? Are they the same? Here is the explanation.D Listen to the explanation about different weather terms. Complete the information in the chart.Audioscript:Major ocean storms in the northern part of the world usually develop in late summer or autumn over waters near the equator. They are known by several different names. Scientists call these storms cyclones when they happen just north or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, these storms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurricanes.Part II The Earth at Risk (I)Do you know what happens to a rain forest when the trees are chopped down? About 80% of the rain forests nutrients come from trees and plants. That leaves 20% of the nutrients in the soil. Thenutrients from the leaves that fall are instantly recycled back into the plants and trees. When a rain forest is clear-cut, conditions change very quickly. The soil dries up in the sun. When it rains, it washes the soil away.A Listen to the first part of an interview. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then answer the questions.Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen on Channel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn't it, Brian? B:That's right. We went to America, both North and South and then we went over to Africa and Southeast Asia.I: And what did you find in each of these continents?B:Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has caused the Sahara Desert to expand. It's a bit of a vicious circle we find. People cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants — and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. Andin East Africa: here the grasslands are supporting too many animals and the result is, of course, there's no grass — nothing for the animals to eat. I: I see. And the next film deals with North America?B:That's right. In the USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, I mean if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow. And growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. This is also true for any region that is intensely farmed — most of Europe, for example.I: And what did you find in South America?B:In South America (as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. This is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. The problem is that the soil is so poor that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted. And it can't be fed with fertilizers like agricultural land in Europe.For example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain and France combined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. Huge numbers of trees are being cut down for export as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't be replaced — the forest soil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years,a jungle has become a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants (which we can use for medicines, for example) and animals — one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour. These forest trees also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence of destroying forests is not only that the climate of that region changes (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world's rain forest has been cut down this century (20th century).B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the first part of the interview. Complete the outline.Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen on Channel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn't it, Brian? B:That's right, yes, we went to ... er ... we went to America, both North and South and then we went over to Africa and Southeast Asia.I: And what did you find in each of these continents?B:Well ... er ... starting with ... er ... Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has causedthe Sahara Desert to expand. It's a bit of a vicious circle ... er ... we find, people cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants — and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And ... er ... in East Africa: here the grasslands are supporting too many animals and the result is, of course, there's no grass— nothing for the animals to eat.I:Mm, yes, I see. Um ... and the ... the next film deals with North America?B:That's right. In the ... er ... USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, I mean if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow. And growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just... it just blows away. I mean, this is also true for any region that is intensely farmed — most of Europe, for example.I: And what did you find in South America?B:In South America (a ... as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. Th ... this is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to exp ... to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. The problem is that the s ... the soil is so poor that ... um ...that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted. And it can't be fed with fertilizers like agricultural land in Europe.Um ... for example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain and France combined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. I mean, huge numbers of trees are being cut down for export as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA ... I mean ... to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't ... er ... they can't be replaced — the forest soil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a ... a jungle has become a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants (which ... er ... we can use for medicines, for example) and animals — one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour. These ... er ... forest trees ... I mean ... also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence of destroying forests is not only that the climate of that region changes (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world's rain forest has been cut down this century (20th century).Part III The Earth at Risk (II)As early as in 1984, the United Nations created a special environmental agency, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. In 1992, the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio deJaneiro aroused great media interest in tackling difficult global environmental issues.A Listen to the second part of the interview. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then answer the questions.Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as natural disasters are in fact man-made?B:Yes, by and large. I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. Practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India, I mean, higher up—river in the Himalayas. Trees would hold rainfall in their roots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same — the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too.I:Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. What is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?B:Yes, of course it can. First, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropical hardwood to make our furniture — it's a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.I:And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences of their actions.B:Yes, of course.I: Well, thank you, Brian.Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the second part ofthe interview. Complete the outline. Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as ... er ... as er ... natural disasters are in fact man-made?B:Yes, by and large ... er ... I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. I mean, practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal andIndia ... I mean ... higher up—river in the Himalayas. Trees ... er ... would hold rainfall in their roots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same —the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too. I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um ... what is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?B:Yes, of course it can ... er ... first, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropical hardwood to make our furniture — it's a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences ... um ... of their actions. B: Yes, yes of course.I: Well, thank you, Brian.Part IV More about the topic:The Effect of Global WarmingThe world is getting warmer. It matters because it changes a lot of things to do with our everyday life. We can also say because the Earth is warming up we could simply not have enough to eat. Do you know what some of the effects of global warming are?Listen to the material. Complete the outline.OutlineAudioscript:The world is warming up. We know this because average temperatures are the highest since scientists started measuring them 600 years ago. The increase is about 0.2 °C every year. This may seem very slight, but we know that slight changes in temperature can have a big effect on other things. Most scientists now believe this global warming is due to human activity.Jeff Jenkins is head of Britain's Climate Prediction Center. He explains how global warming can happen."Sunlight strikes the earth and warms it up. At the same time heat leaves the earth, but part of that is trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the earth's atmosphere. That has been happening ever since the earth was formed. But the fear is that increasing amounts of carbon dioxide produced by industrial processes and transport and so on will lead to a greater warming of the earth's surface. So that's the global warming that people are concerned about."People are most concerned about the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are oil, coal, wood and so on. When these burn, they produce the gas carbon dioxide. Many scientists agree that an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and some of the gases in the atmosphere will increase the amount of warming. Computers are being used to predict what this may mean. They showed that there could be great changes in rainfall and the rise in the sea level as ice caps in the north and south poles melt. This could have a serious effect on agriculture according to Prof. Martin Perry of University College in London. He says it could become more difficult to grow food in the tropics at lower latitudes nearer to the equator."The most clear pattern emerging is the possibility of reduced potential production in lower latitude regions, and most generallyspeaking, increased potential in higher latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm, to put it extremely simply, and plants there are quite near their limits of heat and drought stress. An increase in temperature or reduction in moisture would place limits on crop growth." Woman:Global warming could reduce food production in lower latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm. Global warming could put more stress on plants and place limits on crop growth.Food production is only one area that could be affected. There could also be health and social problems. Prof. Antony McMichael of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine believes that some rural areas are already suffering. And the insects and bacteria could spread disease more easily."Already a number of rural populations around the world are suffering from the decline of agricultural systems. Climatic change would add to this. And we would expect that it would accelerate the flood of environmental refugees around the world. But it includes not just the food production systems, but the patterns of distribution of the insects and infective agents around the world. It includes likely effects on patterns of heat-related food poisoning, water contamination and diarrhea diseases, lots of things like this that would respond very sensitively to changes in climate."Woman:Global warming could affect the distribution of insects. Global warming could change patterns of heat-related food poisoning.Many countries now agree that something must be done to reduce the danger of global warming. But a worldwide agreement on lowering the production of carbon dioxide has been difficult to reach. This is because many economies depend on fossil fuels like oil. Scientists believe it's now the politicians in every region of the world who need to take action.Part V Do you know ……？Rain forests are generally composed of tall, broad-leaved trees and usually found in wet tropical regions around the equator. Despite increased awareness of the rainforests' importance during the late 20th century, they continue to diminish. Rainforests grow mainly in South and Central America, West and Central Africa, Indonesia, parts of Southeast Asia, and tropical Australia, where the climate is relatively humid with no marked seasonal variation.Listen to the interview. Complete the outline. Audioscript:A:About big international issues: what do you see as the most important environmental issues of the moment?B:It's quite difficult to make a kind of hierarchy of worry here, because so many issues are there, and so ... and they're all very very important. But I think it has to be said that as far as we we're concerned, as a campaigning organization, it really is the rain forest that we are concentrating on most. If we don't take action on that issue within the next five years, then environmental pressure groups won't have anything to do in ten years' time, because there won't be any rain forests, really, for them to campaign about. So this is a critical period for the rain forests, the next five years, and there is enough flexibility in the system to allow us to hope that we're going to be able to make some changes during that time. So that's why we've made it our priority.A:What's so important about the rain forests, then? Er, what's, what's the difference between having them or not having them? Isn't it just, you know, basically either there are a lot of trees there or there aren't a lot of trees there?B:Uhh ... well that's what some people would like to think. Um, there, it's important in many different ways, important firstly for the countries themselves, in terms of the fact that millions of people depend on the rain forests for their livelihood, and for their ... the quality of their environment, through the protection of watersheds, and so on. Secondly, they're important because of the biological richness of the rain forests. Um, a genetic ches ... treasure chest is how they've been described. Um,more than 60% of the world's species is to be found in the rain forests. Write that off, and you write off that genetic storehouse. Lastly, they're important at international level because of the impact on climatic patterns that one would find if the rain forests were destroyed. So, whether you're looking closely at the tribal people who depend on them, the countries which depend on them, the international community which depends on them, indeed the, the, you know, the creatures themselves, um, it's actually the most critical issue that we face. And our prime job is of course to try and get people to understand how it is, even in countries where there are no rain forests, that they still have a connection with the rain forests.。

Listen this way 听力教程第三册-9Unit 9 Romancing the StonePart I Getting readyA museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. The city with the largest number of museums is Mexico City with over 128 museums. According to the World Museum Community, there are more than 55,000 museums in 202 countries.Audioscript：1. The LouvreParis is an ancient city, witness to revolution, celebration and war. At its center stands the Louvre, once a royal palace and now one of the world's greatest museums. The Louvre is home to the mostfamous painting in human history -- The Mona Lisa. Her enigmatic smile is said to conceal many secrets.2. The Vatican MuseumIn the middle of Rome stands the Vatican, the epicenter of Catholicism. It is both a fortified city and a place the Pope calls home. <Gracias. Gracias.> It also houses one of the most famous museums in the world, full of timeless treasures, each one with a story to tell. Of all of these none are more famous than the Sistine Chapel. All who enter here gaze up at the luminous frescos of Michelangelo.3. Toronto's Royal Ontario MuseumIt's an eye-popping Canadian landmark, a national treasure chest and a place of mystery. This is the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, the ROM. For every object on display, thousands more are hidden in backrooms far from public view. Enter the hall of Ancient Egypt, and the hair stand up on the back of your neck. You feel a presence of the ghosts. How did they live and how did they die? If only the mummies could speak.4. Cairo's Egyptian MuseumEgypt, here the towering monuments of the Pharaohs stand silent amid the roar of a modern city. Cairo is the largest metropolis in Africa, home to more than 20 million people. But at its center is a refugee from urban chaos. This is the museum of Egyptian antiquities, the treasure chest of Asian civilization and one of the most spectacular museums in the world. Visitors flock here by the millions to gaze into the eyes of long dead Pharaohs and marvel at their dazzling sarcophagi of silver and gold.5. London's Natural History MuseumThe Natural History Museum in London, England, it's a cathedral of nature housing over 70 million specimens. During the day, thousands of visitors tour the galleries. But at night, when they've all gone home, this place seems to come alive with unforgettable stories about where we came from and where we are going. The galleries and dark passage ways invite those who dare to venture behind the scenes. Take a closer look and discover secrets that are disturbing and sometimes brutal.Part II "The Scream"Painting is a fascinating subject. Every time when you visit a museum, you will find something new even in the same painting.While looking at a painting, you can enjoy it for its beauty alone. Its lines, forms, colors, and composition may appeal to your senses and linger in your memory. Apart from that, you can also try to figure out what the painting describes. Does it describe the artist's impression of a scene or a person? Or does it describe the artist's feeling about the art of painting itself?Audioscript：Speaker 1: This picture is "The Scream" by Edvard Munch, and it's a very powerful picture, it's in black and white as, as you see it here. And um I think it's particularly powerful because mainly because of that figure who um, who is, who seems to be running off this bridge here holding his or her head in her hands and screaming. And um, what's very interesting about the picture are the two, the two figures at the end of the bridge or further up this road. And it's difficult to understand whether the person is running from them or whether they're just er innocent bystanders.Um, so the reason I, I like this picture, the reason I find it powerful is because I think that the person is not actually running from the two dark figures at the end of the bridge, but in fact the person is suffering er perhaps some kind of terrible loneliness or sadness, and is, actually seems to be trying to hide that feeling from those people.And I think this is a common feeling, I think this is something which we all do sometimes when, when we feel some feeling, usually a bad feeling, something like loneliness or terrible unhappiness, we don't want other people to see that, and er so we, we have to try and hide that feeling from, from other members of the, of the public. And I feel that's what this man or woman is doing in the picture here. Audioscript：Speaker 2: As a design, the picture's very strong as well. The, the bridge or the street is a very strong diagonal line which goes through the, the picture. And then to the, to the right of the screamer's head there's a series of dark vertical lines -- it's difficult to know what that is, perhaps it's a field or maybe it could be a wall, it's difficult to know exactly what it is, but those dark vertical lines somehow depress the picture, which is exactly what the artist wanted. And then at the, at the top, you have the sky, which the artist has, has er made in the form perhaps of clouds, which are very strong horizontal lines, very, very bold black lines which again seem to push the whole picture down, and add to the depression of the, the experience which the, the screamer is er, is feeling.Part III Taj MahalThe Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by Mogul emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.Audioscript：There's no building more romantic or more tragic than the Taj Mahal. On June the 17th, 1631, Mumtaz Mahal, the wife of the Mogul Emperor, Shah Jahan, died while giving birth to her fourteenth child. So, in response to the death of his wife, Shah Jahan created one of the most famous buildings in the world, the Taj Mahal, a vision of perfection, of paradise on Earth. The emotional power of the Taj Mahal comes not just from its ruthless symmetry and its dazzling white material, but also from the purity and simplicity really of its forms. In line with Islamic thinking, it is not loaded with images of living beings, banned in the Koran, but by simple abstract decoration, lettering. In this sense very much less ornamentation gives more emotional power.As you approach nearer, the Taj Mahal, its scale, its craftsmanship become almost overwhelming. It took twenty thousand people twenty years to complete this great structure and its white marble is inlaid with twenty-eight different sorts of precious andsemi-precious stones. But, this isn't a palace or a mosque. It's a mausoleum. It's a monument to grief. At this level and so near, I can see just how exquisite and subtle the Taj Mahal is. The inlay is amazing, like a jewel box. And the white marble is carved and the surface is mottled in architectural detail. It was a great surprise, being inside the Taj Mahal is like being inside a living being. It moans and it groans. There's no question about it, as a monument to grief and to heartbreak and the expression of agony and pain that lost all that was precious in this world and longing for the next, the Taj Mahal has no equal. It's unsurpassed.Audioscript：The twist to the story of the Taj Mahal is in the nearby Red Fort where the final tragic episode of Shah Jahan's life was played out.It's here that the myth of the Taj was born, where it enters the world of legend.Shah Jahan, the great emperor, became ill. He suffered a stroke and this provoked a ruthless, vicious struggle for power among his foursons. They fought, they battled and Aurangzeb, the most skilful, the most vicious I suppose of the four sons, prevailed. He killed his three brothers in battle and by treachery and when he had his father, Shah Jahan in his power, he imprisoned him here in the Fort. So for Shah Jahan his great empire had been reduced to the area of this courtyard, and he would stand where I am standing now, contemplating the view, looking at the great mausoleum over there. This is a spectacular view, but it could have been more spectacular still. It is said that Shah Jahan, if he hadn't lost control of his empire, would have built himself a mausoleum opposite that of his wife, and his one would have been clad in black marble, to match the white marble of the Taj Mahal.The story of the black Taj is an invention of the 18th century, but one that reflects, reinforces the fantasy surrounding a building dedicated to love and to what could have been.Part IV More about the topic: British Sculptures Now and Then Sculpture has changed more radically in the past 100 years than in the preceding 30 000. British sculptors have led the way thanks to their restless originality. Today British sculpture is a hugely expressive medium with almost limitless possibilities.Sometimes that sheer variety can be a bit bewildering but in British sculpture's long history, this may turn out to be the greatest chapter yet.Audioscript：Welcome to the British Museum, London, home to ancient art, and the unlikely birthplace of modern sculpture. Throughout the 19th century, British sculptors came here to study the famous ancient Greek marbles that once adorned the Parthenon in Athens. They went on show at the British Museum at the start of 1817 and were soon considered the epitome of what sculpture could and should be. Classical, heroic forms, they're naturalistic, harmoniously proportioned, completely devoid of distortion. They offer a vision of a highly sophisticated society -- the bedrock, if you like, of Western civilization.But at the beginning of the 20th century, a group of bohemian, bold, renegade young sculptors began to look elsewhere in the museum for inspiration. The hieratic art of Ancient Egypt, carved direct into stone. The carving of the Pacific, free of classical proportions. The reliefs of ancient Assyria, so different from the Parthenon. And the sculpture of Central America -- full of sex and death. Early in the20th century, non-European works like these kick-started a revolution in British sculpture.Since then, in the search for new forms of self-expression, British sculptors have broken all the old rules. There's been controversy as their vision has clashed with convention.TV news: The sculptor of a house who won this year's Turner Art Prize has watched her work being demolished.There's been conservatism, whimsy, mass-production. But in a golden age of creativity, our artists have often led the way -- making British sculpture part of a new, international language. Instead of gods or heroes, they project their own inner world, leaving us to decide what their sculptures mean. They've pushed the boundaries so far, we're no longer even sure what sculpture is.It's been a story of revolution and liberation of the sculptor free to soar unfettered into the realm of the imagination, to the point where the concept behind the work, not the skill of its execution, has become king. Today, the sculptor isn't someone chipping away at a block of marble, but a kind of sage who can spot beauty and meaning in the world around us, and bring it to our attention in the gallery.Part V Do you know ...?Most of us like to hang beautiful things on our walls. They're statements of our personal taste or reflections of the things we love. But few of us can afford to go to swanky Mayfair galleries or posh auction houses to buy art. 1.5 million quid for a slice of abstract expressionism is a bit beyond most pockets in these recessionary times. In fact, half of Britain's living rooms have art on the walls which has been bought on the high street from stores like Ikea, Habitat, B&Q or Argos.Audioscript：Aside：Nowadays, art is all around us. It's in the streets, and it's part of the modern landscape. In the past few years, we've builtgreat temples to art up and down the country, whether it'sthe Baltic in Gateshead or the Tate Modern in London. Artgalleries have become people-friendly places drawing hugecrowds. Modern art is now something we can all participatein. It's fashionable, it's cool. Its artists are superstars. Butwhat sort of art do we want in our living rooms?Hostess：I'm going to venture into the domestic art galleries we all inhabit. It's a world where individuality meets mass marketand personal taste is more important than art history.Man 1：Yeah, I don't know anything about the history of these ...these pictures, but I just like the colors. Colors repre ...They're superb for what we wanted. WoMan 1：Natural landscapes I really like, so stormy seas and skies with wintry trees, just the skeletons, but I think they're moreeffective in black and white. Girl: It's the ... The sky's likein a nice color, and the sea is very beautiful.Man 2：I like mountains. I'm a mountain guy, so I like pictures with mountains on it. WoMan 2：I don't like Pollock, because it just seems a bit messy, but I do like that wild flinging, painter to canvas.Aside：If you want to buy art for your home, you could start at the top. This is London's Mayfair, where you can spendsquillions on an original work of art. Down the road at TateModern, things are a little bit more user-friendly. There'sfun to be had for all the family. And in the shop, there's avending machine where you can order your own personalmasterpiece to take home. The mass reproduction of art isnow big business, and one of the biggest players in town isthe Art Group, which supplies art galleries, shops andsuperstores around the world from its factory inNorthampton. The Art Group started off with just a singlestall on Camden Market 25 years ago. Its slogan was, "Artfor all." Now it runs a 24-hour production line and is amultimillion-pound business employing 300 people. Hostess：So when people think of art, they think of these perfect white spaces, silent, contemplative, and here you've got thethunder of machinery, the vaulted warehouse ... DarrenBooker <Operation Director>: Absolutely.Hostess：I like it, actually.Darren：This is ... This is art on a big scale. It doesn't matter if you make ten a day or 10 000 a week. It still has to be perfect. Hostess：Amazing how recognizable all these images are. I don't have any, I don't own any, but they've sort of seeped intomy consciousness from, you know, trips to Ikea or Habitator Argos or wherever. So what's the effect of the price ofthis sort of art coming down?Darren：I think the real effect is that it's now in ... in more reach of everyone. People are now able to afford this, and in manyways it now becomes a disposable piece of artwork. Art'sbecoming more fashionable, and people will tend todecorate more frequently, change their art more frequently,which is all so great for us.Hostess：Because they can.Hostess：I can see Klimt hanging on the wall. Is this a big ... is Klimt a big guy for you?Darren：Yeah, he's a very successful artist, very well known, a good seller.Hostess：Do you think Klimt would have ever thought, as he anguished over that picture, that years later people in afactory would be nailgunning it to a piece of MDF? It's artas lifestyle, I guess.Part VII Watch and enjoyThe Sistine Chapel is a large and renowned chapel of the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in the Vatican City. The fame of the Sistine Chapel lies mainly in the frescosthat decorate the interior, and most particularly the Sistine Chapel ceiling and The Last Judgment by Michelangelo. The fame of Michelangelo's paintings has drawn multitudes of visitors to the chapel, ever since they were revealed five hundred years agoVideoscript：In the middle of Rome stands the Vatican, the epicenter of Catholicism. It is both a fortified city and a place the Pope calls home. <Gracias. Gracias.> It also houses one of the most famous museums in the world, full of timeless treasures, each one with a story to tell. Of all of these none are more famous than the Sistine Chapel.All who enter here gaze up at the luminous frescos of Michelangelo. What few people know is that his masterpiece was an afterthought. When the chapel was constructed the walls were filled with monumental murals. But the ceiling was just decorated with a simple field of stars. Thirty years later Pope Julius II decided it needed a new paint job. When he gave the task to Michelangelo, he took a leap of faith because the artist was not then a famous painter, but an upcoming sculptor of the human form. His transformation of the ceiling, an area the size of two basketball courts, would becompleted in just four years. How did a brilliant but inexperienced painter complete the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in such a short time? Five hundred years later when Vatican's staff embarked on the restoration project, they got the chance to uncover this museum secret.The restoration team spent nine years up onto the ceiling in the 1980s. It took them twice as long to clean the ceiling as it did Michelangelo to paint it.The largest figures on the ceiling are nearly 20 feet across. Michelangelo did not attempt to paint them freehand. Each figure started as a sketch or cartoon, followed by a procedure that art experts like William Wallace refer to as pouncing.Wallace: Pouncing is the means of transferring the cartoon to the plaster, so the cartoon is actually being pricked with little tiny holes and charcoal dust in a bag is actually pounced or pounded onto the cartoon. Okay. We see the head beautifully pounced and the hand beautifully pounced.But pouncing was a slow process and Michelangelo was under pressure for an aging Pope who wanted to see the ceiling completed before he died. So Michelangelo exchanged the charcoal for a blade,allowing him to quickly incise the lines of the sketch directly onto the plaster.On a scaffold 18 hours a day, seven days a week, constantly craning his neck up, paint dripping into his eyes, no one can say Michelangelo didn't suffer for art. In the fourth year of his labor, he even described it in a poem:"With my neck puffed out like a pigeon,Belly hanging like an empty sack,Beard pointed at the ceiling and,My brain fallen back within my head."Michelangelo kept going because he was tough and determined, but that doesn't explain how he could work on a scaffold just a few feet from the ceiling and yet paint figures in perfect perspective when seeing from far below. The answer may be because he started his career as a sculptor.Elizabeth <Art historian>: When Michelangelo imagines a figure moving, it's moving inwards, outwards and space, and therefore creates this wonderful perspective. People ask all the time, "Is thatreal? Is the architecture real? Are they sticking out the ceiling? Are they 3D?"If one removes the frescos from the ceiling, Michelangelo's mastery of perspective becomes even more impressive. He works magic with his paints, creating lifelike 3 D figures even when the background tilts the wrong way.Elizabeth <Art historian>: Jonah was painted on a piece of plaster that tilts towards us, and yet looking at the figure Jonah appears to tilt backwards. It was something that he knew would fly in the face of all the people that criticized him at the beginning of the assignment say, "Oh, but Michelangelo doesn't know anything about painting." Michelangelo denies the laws of physics through his painting. It's the same kind of special effect that people marvel at in something like Avatar.So how did Michelangelo complete his masterpiece in just 4 years? Determination, physical endurance and 3D virtualosity are only part of the answer. The rest is surely quite simply, genius.Every morning when the gates open, thousands of visitors head straight to the Sistine Chapel. To stand for a moment in a place that combines the power of god and the genius of man.。

Listen this way听力教程第三册-6Unit 6 Find the Right WordsPart I Getting ready Audioscript:The English language can be traced back to prehistoricIndo-European through the West Germanic line. However, many other influences have shaped the development of Modern English. We will review some important dates in the history of the English language. The first three are Latin influences:1. In 5,5 B.C. Caesar conquered Britain and the Celtic people.2. In 43. B.C. Rome colonized the island.3. The Romans remained for 400 years (the first four centuries of the Christian Era).The next significant dates were:4. The year 499 (which was the year of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of the island).5. From 500 on, the West Germanic language was the basic language of Britain (or England).Influences from other languages continued however.6. In the sixth and seventh centuries England was Christianized bymissionaries sent by the Pope (so that Latin influence continued). Then,7. In the eig11th and ninth centuries the Norsemen (Vikings), invaded England with their Old Norse language.8. In 1066. the Norman Conquest brought French linguistic influence.9. The French influence continued for 300 years (the ninth century through the 11th century).10. And finally, in the fifteen and sixteen hundreds, when classical learning was revived, there was continued Latin language influence. Audioscript:1. People are delighted if you can speak their language, and theydon't care how well you speak it. They are not upset when you make mistakes. I think in order to learn, you mustn't be afraid of making mistakes.2. I'm a very shy person and it's not easy for me to talk to strangers. But you have to force yourself to talk to people. That's what I did and it really helped me.3. I think the best language learners are people with a sense of humor. Try to laugh at your own mistakes and don't take yourself too seriously. You'll find that other people will be sympathetic when you make mistakes.4. I took two courses in business studies. I read, studied, listened tolectures and took notes in English. It was a very good experience for me because I didn't have time to think about the language. I recommend forgetting about the grammar and thinking about the meaning instead.5. In my experience, learning a foreign language always involves a lot of time, a lot of boring work and lots of problems! In short, if you want to learn another language you have to work hard.6. Try to read as much as you can. I think that's the best way to improve your English and to learn more new words. I always try to read something in English everyday.Part II Skills to communicate badnewsAudioscript:Avi Arditti：I'm Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on Wordmaster: giving doctors better skills to communicatebad news.Rosanne Skirble：Anthony Back is a medical oncologist at the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson CancerResearch Center in Seattle. He and four colleagues are inthe fifth year leading a program funded with one andone-half million dollars from the National Cancer Institute. Avi Arditti：Doctor Back says specially trained actors play cancer patients to help oncologists learn how to avoid soundinginsensitive when the prognosis is grim.Anthony Back：Probably the biggest misconception I face is that you're either born with this or you're not. In fact, what theresearch shows is that people learn to do this over time.And the way they learn to do it is they see good role models,they practice, they get specific feedback on what they'redoing, they try-out new things, they innovate and developnew conversational practices for themselves.Avi Arditti：Can you give us some examples of those conversational practices -- what are some ways to impart bad news? Anthony Back：Here's an example: The patient has had cancer in the past, has been doing well and is coming in for some routinefollow-up tests. The routine follow-up tests unexpectedlyshow the cancer has started to come back.The doctor will typically go in and say to the patient,"Guess what, your cancer's back." And the patient will bejust blown away, right? There are a couple of practicesthere that doctors can do that can help. One is to start with-- especially if you don't know the patient -- asking what thepatient expected, what did they understand about theircancer, what were they expecting with this test. Because ifthe patient says to you "You know, they didn't tell meanything. I'm just here because I got this appointment in themail," that's one whole kind of comprehension level.Whereas if the patient says "I had a Tl Nl MO lung cancerand they told me I had a fifty-five percent chance of diseaserecurrence in the next two years," that's a whole differentstory, right?The second thing is that after you give this difficult news,then I think it's really important to address both thecognitive reaction and also the kind of the emotional side ofit.Rosanne Skirble：What are some of the phrases or the ways in which you can couch this news?Anthony Back：You know, the way to make it easier is to make sure that you are going from the context the patient drew for you.So you go from what the patient understands and you try touse their words as much as possible. And then, when youget to the really bad part of the news, I think it's actuallyimportant to be direct and concrete and not to couch thenews. It's better to say "The cancer has come back" than tosay "There are hypo-densities in your liver on the CT" (or)"You have a malignancy." All those euphemisms forcepatients to struggle to understand what's happening to them,and it adds to their confusion and distress.Rosanne Skirble: ：Well, should they say things like "I wish things were different" or "I hope for the best," or should a doctorkind of maintain a distance?Anthony Back：You know, my thought about that actually is that the more skilled the physician, the less they have to distancethemselves. There are some phrases that we use, and themost important ones are really the ones that are aboutempathy for the patient. You know, "I see this is a difficultsituation, I see this is not what you expected, I'm hoping forthe best." And I think it's fine for doctors to talk about hope,and I think it's important actually.AviArditti：Let me ask you, have you seen any cultural differences come up in the training programs as you've had doctors gothrough?Anthony Back：You know, we have actually a very multicultural group of physicians who come, and they all bring in alltheir own different values about how frank should peoplebe. Because the American standard, of course, is thatpatients themselves get all the information, they make thedecision themselves, and there's this very strong emphasison autonomy. And in a lot of other cultures that's really notthe case.Rosanne Skirble：And what got you started in the first place? Anthony Back：What got me started was, when I was an oncology trainee, and this was after a personal experience -- mymother had died of a pre-leukemia kind of thing -- Iremember walking around in the bone-marrow transplantwards with this experienced -- it was this other, older seniorphysician -- going around having these life-and-deathconversations with patients and thinking, God, there has gotto be a better way to do this.Avi Arditti：The result, says Doctor Anthony Back in Seattle, is a program that has now trained about one hundred-eightyoncologists at retreats held twice a year. The program Website is -- that's o-n-c-o-t-a-l-k dot i-n-f-o.Part III Foreign accents Audioscript:Section IAs far as I'm concerned, I do tend to judge people I meet by their accents. I don't mean that I'm a sort of snob, and only like people with posh accents, but I never feel comfortable with a new person until I've been able to place them from the way they speak. If it's an English person, I feel much more at ease if I can say "Ah, he comes form Liverpool", or "He's probably been to public school". I suppose then I know what to talk about and what to expect from the other person.The same is true of foreigners. Personally, I prefer a foreigner to speak with a recognizable foreign accent, so that I know that I'm talking to a Frenchman, a Ghanaian, a Pole, and so on. So for me, it seems a bit pointless for foreigners to try desperately hard to get rid of their national accent and try to speak BBC English. If someone isclearly French, I know there's no point in talking about cricket or making jokes about the Irish. And frankly, I think it even sounds more attractive. I can't really explain why, but if a person has a foreign accent, they seem to be more interesting, even if they are saying the most ordinary things.Audioscript:Section IIMind you, there is a limit to intelligibility. If the accent is so strong that you have a struggle to understand what they are saying, then that gets in the way of the conversation, and the flow is broken while you try to sort out the sounds into meaningful bits. I don't mean an accent as strong as that. I'm talking about the kind of accent where you can tell immediately which country the person comes from, but where they've got enough English to carry on a good conversation without searching for words, or messing up the grammar so that you lose the thread. I suppose it's the kind of accent most foreigners have, really. To be honest, it's only a very few who have such a good ear that they produce more or less genuine British English, and even then it can be quite amusing because they may have picked up a clearly regional accent, or even a very upper-class accent which doesn't fit in with their character at all. But most foreigners who learn English aredesperately keen to get rid of their foreign accents and waste a lot of time trying to do so.Part IV More about the topic:Love and Grammar Audioscript:Are you looking for love? When you want to impress a potential girlfriend or boyfriend, you take great care with your appearance and try to be on your best behaviour. But . . . what about your grammar? Do you check if you are using verbs and commas properly?If not, you'd better think again. The research arm of dating site OKCupid has suggested that bad grammar can ruin your love life. It looked at 500 000 first contacts on the site and concluded that "netspeak, bad grammar and bad spelling are huge turn-offs".On the other hand, the correct use of apostrophes seems to be quite an aphrodisiac. Using "don't" and "won't" caused better than average response rates says the research.American writer Twist Phelan, who went on 100 online dates in 100 days and later married someone she met online, believes that grammar is an important "filter system" for prospective partners. Shesays: "If you're trying to date a woman, I don't expect flowery Jane Austen prose. But aren't you trying to put your best foot forward?" Perhaps you think you are ready to start looking for anEnglish-speaking girlfriend or boyfriend. Am I right? You go online, look at the picture and start calling him or her "beautiful", "gorgeous" and "sexy" before you meet. Will it work? The research says it won't! The wrong adjective can put a full stop on a potential relationship. People enjoy receiving compliments but not when they sound like a pick-up line.General compliments such as "cool", "it's nice that ..." and "awesome" got good responses from the dating site users.So now you are ready. Keep your wits about you because many things online are not what they seem; and watch your vocabulary and punctuation.Some say that a comma might even save lives -- as in the example: "Let's eat, my darling!" as opposed to "Let's eat my darling!"Can you see which one would grant you a meal with your date and which one would land you in jail?Part V Do you know ...?Audioscript:Alex：Hello, Carole? Is that you?Carole：Alex! What on earth are you doing ... a stupid question, you're doing the same as I am.Alex：What are you laughing at?Carole：Well, actually I'm just reading this article in Punch. It's the Franglais column. It's very funny.Alex：Oh, yes, yes, er ...Carole：I know this is only a spoof, but I think these adaptions of English into French or French into English can be veryfunny. How does it occur actually?Alex：Oh, I suppose it came after the war, you know when the Americans were in France and a lot of English words andexpressions came into French. Er ...Carole：Oh, I see, yes, so ...Alex：But after that there was a strong reaction against it, I think.Carole：You mean people don't... aren't very keen on it. A sort of linguistic imperialism.Alex：Exactly, yes, er, take the ex ... example like "lift" you see.We've got no, no word in French for "lift".Carole：You mean "lift", the thing that goes up and down ... Alex：No, no. No, no, I mean, erm, would you like a lift home or something like that.Carole：Mm.Alex：Would you like a lift. What would you say in French? You would say something like, er, can I take you home with mycar?Carole：Oh, I see, so ...Alex：It's so much easier to say er, would you like a lift, you see. Carole：... I see, so in fact it's often for words that there's no equivalent for in...Alex：Yes, that... that's it, yes.Carole：... in French.Alex：Yes.Carole：Or something ... I suppose the same would apply to something like erm, "le weekend".Alex：Yes, yes. That goes a bit ... that goes back a bit. Yes, I suppose it was something er, before, even before the first WorldWar.Carole：Oh, that one's really old. Are there any more recent examples?Alex：Er, oh yes. "Speakerine" is a good example.Carole：Speakerine?Alex：Speakerine, yes.Carole：That doesn't even sound French. That sounds more German. Alex：Yes, it's a bit of a monster actually. You know, it means an announcer or a, a newsreader.Carole：Oh, I see, on the, on the box!Alex：Yes.Carole：And there are other things, aren't there, that are distortions like that. Erm ... oh, what's the one I can, erm ... "lesmoking" ...Alex：Ah, le smoking, yes.Carole：... which means, er, dinner jacket in English ...Alex：And we say smoking in French. It's very strange, in fact. But you've got another one, "the training", the training. Andyou ...Carole：What's that?Alex：Oh, it's like, it's like a pyjama in French. And you will say, I don't know, er...Carole：The pyjama?Alex：... children it's getting late, erm, put, put your training on and go to bed.Carole：How peculiar, because I mean, training means something quite different. Are there any other reasons why we borrow,why the French borrow words, borrow English words? Alex：Er, snob value, I suppose.Carole：Oh, really.Alex：Oh, yes. Er ...Carole：You mean English words are snobbish in French?Alex：Yes. They would, they would take a word like "building" and think it's much better to live in a building than to be -- tolive in a house.Carole：How strange, because building is such ...Alex：So we say building; we are living in the building.Carole：It's such a mundane word in English. I mean, it sounds just so ordinary.Alex：Yes, it is.Carole：But surely, I mean something like "le parking" which is very common, that, that can't have snob value, can it?Alex：No, no, of course, I mean just the French is cumbersome. Carole：Mm. Receptionist: Mrs. Harding, could you go through now please?Carole：Oh dear! I've got to go.Alex：Bye, bye, Carole.Carole：I hope it's not too painful, Alex. Thanks, bye.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:-- Jove! Good heavens!-- Oh, sir. Is there any sign of it stopping?-- I'm afraid not. It's worse than before.-- Oh, dear.-- If it's worse, it's a sign it's nearly over. Cheer up, captain. Buy a flower off a poor girl?-- I'm sorry. I haven't any change.-- Oh, I can change half a crown. Here, take this for tuppence.-- I told you, I'm awfully sorry. I haven't ... Oh, wait a minute. Oh, yes. Here's three pence, if that's any use to you.-- Thank you, Sir.-- Hey, you, be careful. Better give him a flower for it. There's a bloke here behind that pillar, taking down every blessed word you're saying.-- I ain't done nothing wrong by speaking to the gentleman. I've a right to sell flowers if I keep off the curb. I'm a respectable girl, so help me. I never spoke to him except to ask him to buy a flower offme!-- Oh, don't start!-- What's all the b100ming noise?-- There's a "tec" taking her down.-- Well, I'm making an honest living!-- Who's doing all that shouting?-- Where's it coming from?-- Oh, sir. Don't let him charge me! You don't know what it means to me! They'll... They'll take away me character and drive me on the streets for ... for speaking to gentlemen!-- There, there, there, there. Who's hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for?-- On my Bible oath, I never spoke a word.-- Oh, shut up, shut up. Do I look like a policeman?-- Then what do you take down me words for? How do I know you took me down right? You just show me what you wrote about me. Oh. What's that? That ain't proper writing. I can't read it.-- I can. I say, captain, now buy you a flower off a poor girl.-- Oh, it's cause I called him "captain". I meant no harm. Oh, sir. Don't let him lay a charge against me for a word like that!-- Charge? I'll make no charge. Really, sir. If you are a detective, you needn't begin protecting me against molestation from youngwomen until I askyou. Anyone can tell the girl meant no harm.He ain't no "tec". He's a gentleman. look at his boots.How are all your people down at Selsey?Who told you my people come from Selsey?Never mind. They do. How do you come to be up so far east? You wereborn in Lisson Grove.Oh. What harm is there in my leaving Lisson Grove? It weren't fit for apig to live in and I had to pay four and six a week.Oh, live where you like, but stop that noise.Come, come. He can't touch you. You have a right to live where you please.I'm a good girl, I am!Yes, dear. Yes.Where do I come from?Hoxton.Well, who said I didn't? Blimey, you know everything, you do. You, sir. Do you think you could find me a taxi?I don't know whether you've noticed it, madam, but it's stopped raining.You can get a motorbus to, uh, Hampton Court. Well, that's where youlive, isn't it?What impertinence!Hey, uh, tell him where he comes here, you want to go fortune telling.Cheltenham, Harrow, Cambridge and, uh, India?Quite right!Blimey, he ain't a "tec". He's a b100ming busybody. That's what he is.If I may ask, sir, do you do this sort of thing for a living at a music hall?Well, I have thought of it. Perhaps I will one day.He's no gentleman. He ain't, to interfere with a poor girl!How do you do it, may I ask?Simple phonetics. The science of speech. That's my profession. Also myhobby. Anyone can spot an Irishman or Yorkshireman by his brogue, butI can place a man within six miles. I can place him within two miles inLondon. Sometimes within two streets.He ought to be ashamed of himself, unmanly coward!Is there a living in that?Oh, yes. Quite a fat one.Let him mind his own business and leave a poor girl alone ... Woman! Cease this detestable "boohooing" instantly ... or else seek theshelter of some other place of worship.-- I've a right to be here if I like, same as you.-- A woman who utters such disgusting and depressing noise has no right to be anywhere, no right to live. Remember that you're a human being with a soul and the divine gift of articulate speech, that your native language is the language of Shakespeare and Milton and the Bible. Don't sit there crooning like a bilious pigeon.-- Oh!-- You see this creature with her curbstone English, the Englishthat'll keep her in the gutter till the end of her days? Well, sir. In six months, I could pass her off as a duchess at an Embassy ball. I could even get her a job as a lady's maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English.-- Here, what's that you say?-- Yes, you squashed cabbage leaf; you disgrace to the noble architecture of these columns; you incarnate insult to the Englishlanguage. I could pass you off as, uh, the Queen of Sheba.-- Oh! You don't believe that, captain?-- Anything's possible. I, myself, am a student of Indian dialects. -- Are you? Do you know Colonel Pickering, the author of Spoken Sanskrit?-- I am Colonel Pickering. Who are you?-- I'm Henry Higgins, author of Higgins' Universal Alphabet.-- I came from India to meet you.-- I was going to India to meet you!-- Higgins!-- Pickering!。

Unit 1 The Earth at RiskPart Ⅰ Getting readyenvironment：环境natural：自然globe：地球protecting：保护attempt：尝试，打算，企图Amazon/'m z n/：亚马逊cut down：砍伐burning：烧荒tree removal：砍树The World Wildlife Fund：世界野生动物基金会rain forest：雨林towels：毛巾nylon：尼伦，化纤defrost：去霜boil away：煮干cut out：关掉full load：满载fridge：冰箱lighting：灯（光）iron：熨斗；熨（衣服）Rough-dry：晾干(不熨）kettle：烧水壶thermostat：恒温（设置）器brim：壶口；注满wall fire：壁炉ring：（烧烤）环grill：烧烤架satellite：卫星The environment is the natural world of land, sea, air, plants, and animals that exists around towns and cities. Since there is only one globe where we're living, more and more people have come to realize the importance of protecting the total global environment.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. vicious circle：a set of events in which cause and effect'follow each other in a circular pattern2. monsoon season：the season of heavy rains that fall in India and neighboring countries3. hygiene：the study and practice of how to keep good health, esp. by paying attention to cleanliness4. accelerate：(cause to) move or go faster5. fossil fuel：any naturally occurring carbon or hydrocarbon fuel, such as coal, petroleum, peat, and natural gas, formed by the decomposition of prehistoric organisms6. latitude：a measure of relative position north or south on the Earth's surface, measured in degrees from the equator, which has a latitude of 0°, with the poles having a latitude of 90° north and south.7. contamination：the act of polluting or the state of being polluted8. hierarchy：a system in which people or things are arranged according to their importance9. priority：something given special or prior attention10. watershed：a ridge of high ground forming a divide between two different drainage basins or river systems or the region enclosed bysuch a divide and draining into a river, river system, or other body of water.B You are going to hear a short speech. Listen carefully and write down the environmental issues mentioned in the speech.burning of the forests/tree removal (deforestation)/reduction of the world's rain forestsAudioscript:The Amazon forests are disappearing because of increased burning and tree removal. In September, satellite pictures showed more than 20 000 fires burning in the Amazon. Experts say most of these fires were set by farmers. The farmers were attempting to clear land to grow crops. The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problem is that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down. World Wildlife Fund says the fires show the need for urgent international action to protect the world's rain forests. The group warns that without such action some forests could be lost forever. Nowadays energy is too expensive to waste. It costs the country, and you, too much. What have you done to conserve existing energy resources? Here are some tips to help you slim yourwaste — save energy. Always remember that energy sense is common sense.C Now listen to some simple tips to help you save energy.Complete the dos and don'ts.Audioscript:● Don't attempt to iron everything. Rough-dry your towels and nylon things. Trust the thermostat on your iron — don't turn it up too high.● Don't leave the kettle to boil away. And don't fill it to the brim for only a cup of tea!● Cut out unnecessary lighting. Every little helps.● Save it on he ating. Do without a wall-fire if you can.● Defrost the fridge regularly. Ice build-up wastes fuel. Don't put hot food in either — if you do, the fridge has to work overtime.● It makes energy sense to wait until you've a full load before using your washing machine.● Cook a complete meal in the oven and save it on the rings and grill. Roast chicken, veg, and baked sweet to follow?It all adds up. The more energy you save, the more money you save. That's good housekeeping!When we listen to the weather forecasts, we often come across some terms related with the weather. For example, what is a cyclone? What is a hurricane? Are they the same? Here is the explanation.D Listen to the explanation about different weather terms.Complete the information in the chart.Audioscript:Major ocean storms in the northern part of the world usually develop in late summer or autumn over waters near the equator. They are known by several different names. Scientists call these storms cyclones when they happen just north or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, these storms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurricanes.Part II The Earth at Risk (I) chopped down：砍倒nutrients：养分，养料instantly：立即，马上recycled：回收利用clear-cut：砍光soil：土壤dries up：（晒）干washes the soil away：把土壤冲走ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔaries：纪录片expand：扩展continent：大陆at risk：有危险stabilize：（使）稳定impact：冲击，撞击;影响at an alarming rate：以惊人的速度blow away：吹掉the Sahara Desert：撒哈拉沙漠（非洲北部）unproductive：不毛的;没有产物的cut down：砍伐consequently：所以，因此available：可获得的Mali：马里grasslands：草原intensive：集约的；加强的agriculture：农业intensive agriculture：集约农业region：地区tropical：热带ranches：大牧场cattle：牛，牲口;畜生be raised：饲养export：出口tinned meat：罐头肉Brazil：巴西the size of Britain and France combined：大小是英法两国合起来jungle：丛林an iron ore mine：铁矿hardwood：硬木luxury furniture：豪华家具domestic animals：家畜firewood：柴火;劈柴vicious circle：恶性循环make way for：让路convert：（使）转变plant species：植物物种rare plant：珍稀植物rainfall：降雨extinct：灭绝的;绝种的carbon dioxide：二氧化碳oxygen：氧century：世纪interview：采访Do you know what happens to a rain forest when the trees are chopped down? About 80% of the rain forests nutrients come from trees and plants. That leaves 20% of the nutrients in the soil. The nutrients from the leaves that fall are instantly recycled back into the plants and trees. When a rain forest is clear-cut, conditions change very quickly. The soil dries up in the sun. When it rains, it washes the soil away.A Listen to the first part of an interview. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then answer the questions. Questions:1. What is the vicious circle mentioned by Brian Cowles?More people ——>. more firewood ——> fewer trees{ More domestic animals —> more plants —> fewer available plants} —>more desert —> move south —>desert expanding south —> no grass2. Why is the rain so important to soil?Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow.3. What are some of the reasons that tropical forests are being cut down?People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export, or to make way for mines.Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen onChannel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn't it, Brian?B:That's right. We went to America, both North and South and then we went over to Africa and Southeast Asia.I: And what did you find in each of these continents?B:Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has caused theSahara Desert to expand. It's a bit of a vicious circle we find.People cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants — and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And in EastAfrica: here the grasslands are supporting too many animalsand the result is, of course, there's no grass — nothing for the animals to eat.I: I see. And the next film deals with North America?B:That's right. In the USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, Imean if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow. Andgrowing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil justblows away. This is also true for any region that is intenselyfarmed — most of Europe, for example.I: And what did you find in South America?B:In South America (as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. This is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported toEurope or America as tinned meat. The problem is that the soil is so poor that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted. And it can't be fed withfertilizers like agricultural land in Europe.For example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size ofBritain and France combined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. Huge numbers of trees are being cut down forexport as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't be replaced — the forestsoil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a junglehas become a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants(which we can use for medicines, for example) and animals —one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour.These forest trees also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence ofdestroying forests is not only that the climate of that regionchanges (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world's rain forest has been cut down this century (20th century).B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the first part of the interview. Complete the outline.Outline (1)I. Environmental problems in different continentsA. Africa1. Sahara Desert expansion2. no grass for animals to eat (East Africa)B. North America & most of Europe1. situation — intensive farming/agriculture2. potential problem —top soil blowing awayC. South America, Central Africa & Southern Asia1. problem —tropical forests destruction2. consequencesa. soil —> thin —> unproductive —>wastelandb. animal/plant species becoming extinctc. climate change for the whole world Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen onChannel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn't it, Brian?B:That's right, yes, we went to ... er ... we went to America, both North and South and then we went over to Africa andSoutheast Asia.I: And what did you find in each of these continents?B:Well ... er ... starting with ... er ... Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generallyspeaking, this has caused the Sahara Desert to expand. It's a bit of a vicious circle ... er ... we find, people cut down trees forfirewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants — and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And ... er ... in East Africa: here thegrasslands are supporting too many animals and the result is, of course, there's no grass— nothing for the animals to eat.I:Mm, yes, I see. Um ... and the ... the next film deals with North America?B:That's right. In the ... er ... USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, I mean if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow.And growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soiljust... it just blows away. I mean, this is also true for any region that is intensely farmed — most of Europe, for example.I: And what did you find in South America?B:In South America (a ... as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. Th ...this is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to exp ... to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. The problemis that the s ... the soil is so poor that ... um ... that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted. And it can't be fed with fertilizers like agricultural land in Europe.Um ... for example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain and France combined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. I mean, huge numbers of trees are being cut down for export as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA (I)mean ... to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't ... er ... they can't be replaced — the forest soil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a ... a jungle has become a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants (which ... er ... we can use for medicines, for example) and animals — one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour. These ... er ... forest trees ... I mean ... also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence of destroying forests is not only that the climate of that region changes (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world's rain forest has been cut down this century (20th century).Part III The Earth at Risk (II)agency：局，机关Conservation of Nature：自然保护the United Nations Earth Summit：联合国地球峰会Rio de Janeiro/[美]'ri de'ner u，[英]'ri ded 'ni r u/：里约热内卢（巴西港市，州名）in tackling：着手处理issues：问题man-made：人造，人为flooding：洪水natural disasters：自然灾害by and large：总的来说，大体而言obviously：明显hurricanes：飓风earthquakes：地震Bangladesh：孟加拉共和国Nepal：尼泊尔India：印度Himalayas：喜马拉雅山monsoon season：季风季节the river Ganges /'g nd iz/：恒河Sudan：苏丹the Nile：尼罗河Ethiopia /i: i'upi/：埃塞俄比亚terribly：很;非常;极;非常糟糕地depressing：使沮丧;使萧条;使跌价national governments：中央政府forward-looking：有远见的，向前看的policies：政策;策略as far ahead as：远至the next election：下届大选on an international basis：在国际上；以国际为基础presumably：据推测;大概;可能;想来As early as in 1984, the United Nations created a special environmental agency, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. In 1992, the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro aroused great media interest in tackling difficult global environmental issues.A Listen to the second part of the interview. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then answer the questions. Questions:1. Why is some flooding man-made?Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed by men, all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding.2. What does Brian imply when he says the national governments have to be forward-looking?He implies that some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as natural disasters are in fact man-made?B:Yes, by and large. I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. Practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is gettingworse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India, I mean, higher up—river in theHimalayas. Trees would hold rainfall in their roots, but ifthey've been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoonseason flows straight into the river Ganges and floods thewhole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same —the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have beendestroyed too.I:Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. What is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?B:Yes, of course it can. First, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election.Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to becontrolled in some way: there are too many people trying tolive off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropicalhardwood to make our furniture — it's a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, lessexpensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.I:And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences of their actions.B:Yes, of course.I: Well, thank you, Brian.Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the second part of the interview. Complete the outline.Outline (II)II. Reasons for some "natural" disasters — mainly man-madeA. flooding in BangladeshB. flooding in SudanIII. Action to be takenA. national governments — forward-lookingB. population controlC. stopping using hardwood for furniture-makingD. educating people to realize the consequences Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as ...er ... as er ... natural disasters are in fact man-made?B:Yes, by and large ... er ... I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. I mean, practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this isgetting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have beencut down up in Nepal and India ... I mean ... higher up—riverin the Himalayas. Trees ... er ... would hold rainfall in theirroots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in themonsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is thesame — the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia havebeen destroyed too.I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um ... what is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?B:Yes, of course it can ... er ... first, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the nextelection. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to worktogether on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropicalhardwood to make our furniture — it's a luxury people in theWest must do without. Softwoods are just as good, lessexpensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they arecut down.I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences ... um ... of their actions.B: Yes, yes of course.I: Well, thank you, Brian.Part IV More about the topic:The Effect of Global WarmingIt matters：重要average：平均temperatures：温度Britain's Climate Prediction Center：英国气候预测中心trapped：受限gases：气体atmosphere：大气industrial processes：工业过程the earth's surface：地表fossil fuels：化石燃料the sea level：海平面ice caps：冰顶melt：融化latitudes：纬度lower/higher latitude：高/低纬度equator：赤道drought：干旱Hygiene：卫生，卫生学;保健法insects：昆虫bacteria：细菌expect：期待includes：包括distribution：分配，分布infective agents：传染媒heat-related food poisoning：与热有关的食物中毒contamination：污染;弄脏;毒害;玷污diarrhea：腹泻sensitively：敏感地;易受伤害地;易生气地;慎重地worldwide：世界范围；全世界economies：经济politicians：政客；政治家put stress on：强调warming：变暖potential：潜在的，有可能的global warming：全球变暖accelerate：加速poles：（地）极take action：采取行动decline：下降environmental refugee：环境难民The world is getting warmer. It matters because it changes a lot of things to do with our everyday life. We can also say because the Earth is warming up we could simply not have enough to eat. Do you know what some of the effects of global warming are? Listen to the material. Complete the outline.OutlineI. Wanning up of the worldA. average temperatureB. yearly increaseII. Causes of global warmingIII. Effects of global warmingA. great changes in rainfallB. rise in the sea levelC. reduced potential for food productionD. health and social problems1. environmental refugees2. change of patterns of distribution of insects andinfective agents3. change of patterns of heat-related foodpoisoning, etc.IV. Time to take actionAudioscript:The world is warming up. We know this because average temperatures are the highest since scientists started measuring them600 years ago. The increase is about 0.2 °C every year. This may seem very slight, but we know that slight changes in temperature can have a big effect on other things. Most scientists now believe this global warming is due to human activity.Jeff Jenkins is head of Britain's Climate Prediction Center. He explains how global warming can happen."Sunlight strikes the earth and warms it up. At the same time heat leaves the earth, but part of that is trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the earth's atmosphere. That has been happening ever since the earth was formed. But the fear is that increasing amounts of carbon dioxide produced by industrial processes and transport and so on will lead to a greater warming of the earth's surface. So that's the global warming that people are concerned about."People are most concerned about the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are oil, coal, wood and so on. When these burn, they produce the gas carbon dioxide. Many scientists agree that an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and some of the gases in the atmosphere will increase the amount of warming. Computers are being used to predict what this may mean. They showed that there could be great changes in rainfall and the rise in the sea level as ice caps in thenorth and south poles melt. This could have a serious effect on agriculture according to Prof. Martin Perry of University College in London. He says it could become more difficult to grow food in the tropics at lower latitudes nearer to the equator."The most clear pattern emerging is the possibility of reduced potential production in lower latitude regions, and most generally speaking, increased potential in higher latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm, to put it extremely simply, and plants there are quite near their limits of heat and drought stress. An increase in temperature or reduction in moisture would place limits on crop growth."Woman:Global warming could reduce food production in lower latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm.Global warming could put more stress on plants and placelimits on crop growth.Food production is only one area that could be affected. There could also be health and social problems. Prof. Antony McMichael of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine believes that some rural areas are already suffering. And the insects and bacteria could spread disease more easily."Already a number of rural populations around the world are suffering from the decline of agricultural systems. Climatic change would add to this. And we would expect that it would accelerate the flood of environmental refugees around the world. But it includes not just the food production systems, but the patterns of distribution of the insects and infective agents around the world. It includes likely effects on patterns of heat-related food poisoning, water contamination and diarrhea diseases, lots of things like this that would respond very sensitively to changes in climate."Woman:Global warming could affect the distribution of insects.Global warming could change patterns of heat-related foodpoisoning.Many countries now agree that something must be done to reduce the danger of global warming. But a worldwide agreement on lowering the production of carbon dioxide has been difficult to reach. This is because many economies depend on fossil fuels like oil. Scientists believe it's now the politicians in every region of the world who need to take action.Part V Do you know ……？composed of：组成broad-leaved trees：阔叶树tropical regions：热带awareness：知道diminish：消失Indonesia：印尼humid：潮湿的variation：变化，变动see ... as：看作hierarchy：分层，层次;等级制度;统治集团as far as：只要;远到…;据…;直到…为止campaigning organization：活动的组织（者）in different ways：不同方式in different types：不同型号make changes：变更a critical period：养分阶段in terms of：依据；按照；在…方面；以…措词depend on：依靠flexibility：柔韧性，机动性，灵活性;伸缩性;可塑度;柔度and so on：等等write off：流利地写下;损失掉;毁掉; 结束掉priority：优先，优先权;（时间，序上的）先，前at international level：国际水平livelihood：生活，生计;谋生之道;营生prime：最好的;首要的;最初的;基本的watersheds：流域;分水岭( watershed的名词复数);分水线;转折点the biological richness：生物多样性a genetic treasure chest：遗传的宝藏climatic patterns：气候型tribal people：部落，部族，土著民Rain forests are generally composed of tall, broad-leaved trees and usually found in wet tropical regions around the equator. Despite increased awareness of the rainforests' importance during the late 20th century, they continue to diminish. Rainforests grow mainly in South and Central America, West and Central Africa, Indonesia, parts of Southeast Asia, and tropical Australia, where the climate is relatively humid with no marked seasonal variation.Listen to the interview. Complete the outline.OutlineI. The most important environmental issuesA. difficult to make a hierarchy of worryB. rain forests concentrated on most by thecampaigning organizationII. Importance of rain forestsA countries depending on theme.g. people depending on them for their livelihood andthe quality of their environmentB. the biological richness of the rain forestse.g. more than 60% of the world's species found in therain forestsC. impact on climatic patternsAudioscript:A:About big international issues: what do you see as the most important environmental issues of the moment?B:It's quite difficult to make a kind of hierarchy of worry here, because so many issues are there, and so ... and they're all very very important. But I think it has to be said that as far as wewe're concerned, as a campaigning organization, it really is the rain forest that we are concentrating on most. If we don't take action on that issue within the next five years, thenenvironmental pressure groups won't have anything to do in ten years' time, because there won't be any rain forests, really, for them to campaign about. So this is a critical period for the rain forests, the next five years, and there is enough flexibility in the system to allow us to hope that we're going to be able to make some changes during that time. So that's why we've made it our priority.A:What's so important about the rain forests, then? Er, what's, what's the difference between having them or not having them?Isn't it just, you know, basically either there are a lot of treesthere or there aren't a lot of trees there?B:Uhh ... well that's what some people would like to think. Um, there, it's important in many different ways, important firstlyfor the countries themselves, in terms of the fact that millions of people depend on the rain forests for their livelihood, and for their ... the quality of their environment, through the protection of watersheds, and so on. Secondly, they're important because of the biological richness of the rain forests. Um, a genetic。

Listen this way 听力教程第三册-4Unit 4 Have a Nice TripPart I Getting ready Audioscript:★ Australia is the world's largest island and its smallest continent. Its total area of 3 000 000 square miles is about the same as that of the continental United States <excluding Alaska>.★ The area of Nepal is about 54 000 square miles. Within its borders are five of the world's highest peaks.★ Switzerland is a small, landlocked country, 15 944 square miles in area. It's bordered by France, Austria, and Italy.★ Mor e than 20 000 000 people live in Argentine. About 97 percent are of European stock. Most Argentines live on the eastern plains. Fewer than 19% live in the dry western and northwestern provinces.★ Austria is 32 376 square miles in area. This makes it twic e the size of neighboring Switzerland. There are about 7 150 000 people living in Austria. More than one third of the people live in or near Vienna, the capital city.★ Colombia is the only country in South America with acoastline on both sides of the continent. It is a big country with an area of 439 828 square miles and about 16 300 000 persons live in Colombia.★ Saudi Arabia's area is estimated to be about 830 000 square miles. Almost all of Saudi Arabia's 7 000 000 people are Arabs. Today Saudi Arabia's vast oil resources are paying for the modernization of the country. Conditions there are changing more rapidly than they have for centuries.★ Denmark proper has an area of only 16 575 square miles. It is the smallest of the Scandinavian countries -- Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. But Denmark's population of over 4 600 000 is greater than that of Norway and more than half that of Sweden.Part II CanadaAudioscript:Thank you for calling the Daily News Information line on Canada.Canada is a huge country, second in size only to the former Soviet Union. Yet it has only 26 million people, which is less than half the population of the United Kingdom. It extends from theGreat Lakes in the south to the majestic Rocky Mountains in the west, and the bleak Arctic Islands in the far north. A third of the country is covered by forest and there are also vast grasslands and countless lakes and rivers.There are great variations in climate. Winters are extremely cold except in Vancouver which has a milder climate owing to its location on the west coast, so take a heavy overcoat and a fur hat. Canadian summers are warm on the whole, especially inland, so you'll only need lightweight clothing.A quarter of all Canadians, mainly those living in the province of Quebec in the east, speak French as their first language. In addition, there are half a million American Indians, a million Germans and smaller numbers of Italians, Ukranians and Inuit. Canada has two official languages: English and French, except in the province of Quebec where French alone is the official language. You'll find English spoken virtually everywhere apart from Quebec and if you plan to visit Quebec City, you'll definitely need a French phrasebook if you don't speak French.Eating out is a pleasure in Canada and you'll find restaurants, coffee shops and snack bars to suit every pocket. Menus offer a wide choice with excellent seafood like Pacificsalmon, lobsters and clams, meat dishes including moose steaks and beefsteaks, and also a range of ethnic foods. For the sweet course, the specialty/speciality is waffles, a kind of thick pancake, served with maple syrup. Beer is good but foreign wines, even those from neighboring America, tend to be quite dear and local wines are not particularly good.Canada has some of the world's most modern shopping centers. Clothes tend to be slightly expensive by European standards but there are some bargains to be had. Good buys include moccasins, a kind of soft leather shoe made by Indians, woolen gloves and sweaters, wood carvings, leather goods and maple syrup, of course.The unit of currency is the Canadian dollar. Banking hours are from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Monday to Thursday and till later on Fridays.Have a good trip, and thank you for calling the information line.Part III Travelling around AustraliaAudioscript:Nancy: Oh, David, hi! You know, I've been meaning to talk to you. I'm planning a trip to Australia, and I wonder if youcould give me some advice.David: Sure! What... what do you want to know?Nancy: Well, I thought I'd start my trip in Sydney. What shouldI see there?David: Well, the most important thing to see, of course, is the harbor, which is the most beautiful in the world.Nancy: Oh, right. Do they have boat trips?David: Yeah, of course, they do. They have wonderful boat trips!The one ... the one that I recommend particularly is ... isa trip around Have a Nice Trip the harbor in an oldsailing ship.Nancy: Oh, that sounds like lots of fun!David: Yeah. And, of course, then there's the Sydney Opera House, which ... which everyone knows about. And, uh,you can see ... see wonderful things there ... concertsand opera and theater.Nancy: Oh, I definitely want to go there! Now what about places to stay? Can you recommend some place inexpensive?David: Yeah, let me see ... Probably, of course, you know I don't stay in these places, but probably the most inexpensiveplace would be ... would be a backpacker's hotel. Thereare lots of those.Nancy: OK, thanks. That sounds good. Uh, where should I go after Sydney?David: After Sydney, let's see ... I'd recommend that you travel up the coast to the Great Barrier Reef, which is in NorthQueensland.Nancy: Right. I've heard a lot about it! But what is there to do there?David: Well, you can go scuba diving and see the coral reef and the tropical fish up close ...Nancy: You know I don't like to get wet.David: Well, there ... there're always ... always theseglass-bottom boats you can ... you can travel on.They're ... they're fabulous! Yeah, and, uh, there're ...there are literally hundreds of islands you can explore.Nancy: Wow! And are there places to stay?David: Yeah, sure. If you want to spend lots of money, you can stay at one of these fabulous resort hotels or, if youwant to ... want to do it on the cheap, you can ... you cango to a guesthouse, which are much cheaper.Nancy: Right. That sounds good. Well, what next?David: Next, well, I guess you should ... should go inland to ... to Ayers Rock in Uluru National Park.Nancy: Ayers Rock? What is that? How do you spell it?David: It's ... it's Ayers Rock. It's ... it's spelled ... let's see, A-Y-E-R-S. It's the largest rock in the world! You mustknow about it!Nancy: No kidding! No, I've never heard of it! What do you do when you visit it?David: Well, it's mainly hiking and trekking. You can ... you can walk right round the base of it if you like. [Huh!] It takesabout ... it's ... it's about five and a half miles, I guess, but[Wow!] it's really well worth it. And, uh, there are cavepaintings in the rock, and the colors of the rock ... at... atsunrise and sunset... are just fabulous!Nancy: Sounds like I should bring my camera!David: You sure should! Finally, let's see, I guess you should travel ... travel north to visit the Kakadu National Park.Nancy: Kakadu? How do you spell that?David: K-A-K-A-D-U. It's ... it's a tropical forest where you can go hiking and see all sorts of wildlife ...Nancy: Oh?David: Oh, and there are some beautiful waterfalls there as well.Nancy: And do they allow camping there?David: Yeah, there are lots and lots of campsites. The only thing is that you've got to watch out for the crocodiles!Nancy: Ugh! Well, David, thanks a lot! You've been a big help!David: No problem.Nancy: I can't wait to go!Statements:1. When David was in Sydney, he didn't stay there for night.2. The Great Barrier Reef is in South Queensland in Australia.3. From what Nancy says, one can know that she is fond of swimming.4. In Uluru National Park, Nancy can see the largest rock in the world.5. If Nancy likes to walk around the base of the rock, she has to walk about five miles.6. Nancy will bring her camera with her when she travels in Australia.7. There are no crocodiles in the tropical forest in Australia.Part IV More about the topic:The story of Denver Audioscript: :Denver is the largest city and the capital of the western state of Colorado. There's a marker on the step in the State Capitol Building. Standing there, you are exactly 1.6 kilometersabove sea level, one mile high. Denver is known as"the-mile-high city", but it does not appear to be that high. This is because it is built almost completely on smooth flat land. Denver is the largest city of the Rocky Mountains. Many people believe it is actually in the Rocky Mountains. However, it is about 50 kilometers east of them.The city of Denver has a population of about 470 000 people. This makes it the 26th largest city in the United States. The area around Denver has more than 1 600 000 people. City officials are proud of the fact that Denver receives more than 300 days of sunshine a year. Storms moving east across the country lose much of their strength in the Rockies. So Denver gets only about 3 5 centimeters of rain and snow a year. The nearby mountains, however, get a lot more than that.Denver is the business and marketing center for all the Rocky Mountain area. It has more than 1 500 manufacturing companies. Food processing is the main manufacturing activity. Other factories make equipment for the defense, space, high technology and transportation industries. Gold production is also important. Denver is home to companies that control half the gold produced in the United States.The computer and communications industries have become increasingly important in recent years. Denver has the third highest number of high technology jobs in relation to the population. The area also has become a center for companies that do business in other countries. This is true throughout the western states. In fact, more jobs in the American west are linked to foreign trade than in any other part of the country.Tourism is also an important industry in Denver. For example, the Colorado History Museum shows the history of the native American Indians, gold miners and other people who moved to Colorado. The Denver Museum of Natural History shows Indian objects and examples of local wildlife. Many visitors to Colorado and the Rocky Mountains use Denver's new international airport, which opened in 1995. It was the first major new airport built in the United States in 21 years. It cost almost 5 000 million dollars. It is the largest airport in North America, almost 90 000 passengers land at Denver International Airport each day.There is a lot to see and do in Denver. The State Capitol Building is in the center of the city. The top is covered with more than 500 g of gold. On a clear day, a visitor to the Capitol cansee for a distance of almost 250 kilometers. 87 years ago, city officials began to purchase land to make sure it would be protected from development. Today, the city owns 8 000 hectares. On this land, Denver has built the largest city park system in the nation. Finally, there's Larama Square. It is a business area that is said to look like Denver of the early 1900s. Larama Square is filled with old buildings, gas lights and vehicles pulled by horses. It is a part of the new Denver that lives in the past.Part V Do you know ...?Audioscript:1.-- This country is an island, and it has a very smallpopulation, and most of the population live in the capital city.-- Is it a very dry country?-- Um -- no.-- Is it in the Caribbean?-- No, it isn't.-- Is it in the Pacific?-- No.-- Is it in Europe? <Uh, huh>-- Is it divided into two halves?-- No.-- Is it very popular for tourists?-- Not really, no.-- Is it in the Mediterranean?-- No.-- Is it in the Atlantic?-- Um, yes, I think so.-- It's not Iceland, is it?-- Yes.2.--This country is quite a large country. It has changed its capital since the Second World War, and it's famous for its jungles.-- Is it an African country?-- No, it isn't.-- Is it a South American country?-- Yes.-- Sorry, did you say it was large or small?-- Er, pretty large, <large>-- Does it have a newly built capital?-- Yes, it does.-- Brazil?-- Brazil. That's correct.3.-- This is a small country. It's mountainous and it has a small population.-- Is it in Europe?-- No.-- Is it in Asia?-- No.-- South America?-- No.-- Africa?-- No.-- North America?-- No.-- Is it a hot country?-- Slightly hotter than Britain.-- Does it have a dry climate or ... ?-- No, it has a very wet climate.-- A small population, you said?-- Yes.-- Is it an island country?-- Yes.-- Divided into two islands?-- Yes.-- Is it New Zealand?-- Yes.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:Dan Cruickshank:Over the past month, I've traveled through the Americas from Peru to New York. My next stop is another of the world's great modern cities.In little more than 200 years, Sydney has gone from being a dumping ground for British convicts to a confident metropolis, with a number of potential treasures I'm keen to see. I've come to Sydney to seek my treasure. To find the treasure that captures the extraordinary history, the spirit of this city and this nation. There are several contenders.The first one is obvious -- The Sydney Opera House. It's the great Australian icon and one of the most celebrated buildings of the 20th century.The Opera House was designed in 1957 by a Danish architect, Jorn Utzon. The Opera House was one of the most memorable buildings of the 20th century. Its forms are so strong. They're like a symbol for the city. These great shells one upon the other, incredibly powerful. The influences are complex. Utzon looked at many things. He'd been to Mexico, seen Mayan architecture. He loved the platform. I'm on the platform now. The shells rise from -- rise from the platform. Below are sort of the service parts of the buildings, and these great steps, again from the great Mayan temples in Mexico. So he's thinking of ancient sacred buildings. Utzon also took inspiration from nature. He needed to make the structure easy to build. His solution was ingenious. The shape of each of these shells originates from one form -- a sphere. If one takes an orange and one cuts it into components, I'm now creating the surface of the shells on a miniscule scale. And these surface shapes of standard geometrical form are the basis of the shell structure of the city Opera House, you see. Incredible this use of nature, use of simple forms, use of powerful elemental geometry, use of modern building materials -- concrete, all very ingenious, to create emblematic building, which sums up the city, which has captured the imagination of the world, which says Sydney.My heart sinks when I enter the Opera House. It seems like another building. The imaginative design of the exterior has not been repeated inside. It's all because in 1966 Uzton walked off the project after rows over the design and escalating budget. The consequences of Uzton's resignation were, well, tragic really. The fact is the relationship between the inside and the outside is, er, what shall one say -- unresolved, unsatisfactory. It's good in parts, but not as good as it ought to be and that's very sad. A masterpiece has been flawed.。

Listen this way 听力教程第三册-4Unit 4 Have a Nice TripPart I Getting ready Audioscript: ★ Australia is the world's largest island and its smallest continent. Its total area of 3 000 000 square miles is about the same as that of the continental United States (excluding Alaska).★ The area of Nepal is about 54 000 square miles. Within its borders are five of the world's highest peaks.★ Switzerland is a small, landlocked country, 15 944 square miles in area. It's bordered by France, Austria, and Italy. ★ More than 20 000 000 people live in Argentine. About 97 percent are of European stock. Most Argentines live on the eastern plains. Fewer than 19% live in the dry western and northwestern provinces.★ Austria is 32 376 square miles in area. This makes it twice the size of neighboring Switzerland. There are about 7 150 000 people living in Austria. More than one third of the people live in or near Vienna, the capital city.★ Colombia is the only country in South America with a coastline on both sides of the continent. It is a big countrywith an area of 439 828 square miles and about 16 300 000 persons live in Colombia.★ Saudi Arabia's area is estimated to be about 830 000 square miles. Almost all of Saudi Arabia's 7 000 000 people are Arabs. Today Saudi Arabia's vast oil resources are paying for the modernization of the country. Conditions there are changing more rapidly than they have for centuries.★ Denmark proper has an area of only 16 575 square miles. It is the smallest of the Scandinavian countries -- Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. But Denmark's population of over 4 600 000 is greater than that of Norway and more than half that of Sweden.Part II CanadaAudioscript:Thank you for calling the Daily News Information line on Canada.Canada is a huge country, second in size only to the former Soviet Union. Yet it has only 26 million people, which is less than half the population of the United Kingdom. It extends from the Great Lakes in the south to the majestic RockyMountains in the west, and the bleak Arctic Islands in the far north. A third of the country is covered by forest and there are also vast grasslands and countless lakes and rivers.There are great variations in climate. Winters are extremely cold except in Vancouver which has a milder climate owing to its location on the west coast, so take a heavy overcoat and a fur hat. Canadian summers are warm on the whole, especially inland, so you'll only need lightweight clothing.A quarter of all Canadians, mainly those living in the province of Quebec in the east, speak French as their first language. In addition, there are half a million American Indians, a million Germans and smaller numbers of Italians, Ukranians and Inuit. Canada has two official languages: English and French, except in the province of Quebec where French alone is the official language. You'll find English spoken virtually everywhere apart from Quebec and if you plan to visit Quebec City, you'll definitely need a French phrasebook if you don't speak French.Eating out is a pleasure in Canada and you'll find restaurants, coffee shops and snack bars to suit every pocket. Menus offer a wide choice with excellent seafood like Pacificsalmon, lobsters and clams, meat dishes including moose steaks and beefsteaks, and also a range of ethnic foods. For the sweet course, the specialty/speciality is waffles, a kind of thick pancake, served with maple syrup. Beer is good but foreign wines, even those from neighboring America, tend to be quite dear and local wines are not particularly good.Canada has some of the world's most modern shopping centers. Clothes tend to be slightly expensive by European standards but there are some bargains to be had. Good buys include moccasins, a kind of soft leather shoe made by Indians, woolen gloves and sweaters, wood carvings, leather goods and maple syrup, of course.The unit of currency is the Canadian dollar. Banking hours are from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Monday to Thursday and till later on Fridays.Have a good trip, and thank you for calling the information line.Part III Travelling aroundAustraliaAudioscript:Nancy: Oh, David, hi! You know, I've been meaning to talk to you. I'm planning a trip to Australia, and I wonderif you could give me some advice.David: Sure! What... what do you want to know?Nancy: Well, I thought I'd start my trip in Sydney. What should I see there?David: Well, the most important thing to see, of course, is the harbor, which is the most beautiful in the world. Nancy: Oh, right. Do they have boat trips?David: Yeah, of course, they do. They have wonderful boat trips! The one ... the one that I recommendparticularly is ... is a trip around Have a Nice Tripthe harbor in an old sailing ship.Nancy: Oh, that sounds like lots of fun!David: Yeah. And, of course, then there's the Sydney Opera House, which ... which everyone knows about. And, uh,you can see ... see wonderful things there ...concerts and opera and theater.Nancy: Oh, I definitely want to go there! Now what about places to stay? Can you recommend some placeinexpensive?David: Yeah, let me see ... Probably, of course, you know I don't stay in these places, but probably the mostinexpensive place would be ... would be a backpacker'shotel. There are lots of those.Nancy: OK, thanks. That sounds good. Uh, where should I go after Sydney?David: After Sydney, let's see ... I'd recommend that you travel up the coast to the Great Barrier Reef, whichis in North Queensland.Nancy: Right. I've heard a lot about it! But what is there to do there?David: Well, you can go scuba diving and see the coral reef and the tropical fish up close ...Nancy: You know I don't like to get wet.David: Well, there ... there're always ... always these glass-bottom boats you can ... you can travel on.They're ... they're fabulous! Yeah, and, uh,there're ... there are literally hundreds of islandsyou can explore.Nancy: Wow! And are there places to stay?David: Yeah, sure. If you want to spend lots of money, you can stay at one of these fabulous resort hotels or,if you want to ... want to do it on the cheap, you can ...you can go to a guesthouse, which are much cheaper. Nancy: Right. That sounds good. Well, what next?David: Next, well, I guess you should ... should go inland to ... to Ayers Rock in Uluru National Park. Nancy: Ayers Rock? What is that? How do you spell it? David: It's ... it's Ayers Rock. It's ... it's spelled ...let's see, A-Y-E-R-S. It's the largest rock in theworld! You must know about it!Nancy: No kidding! No, I've never heard of it! What do you do when you visit it?David:Well, it's mainly hiking and trekking. You can ... you can walk right round the base of it if you like. [Huh!]It takes about ... it's ... it's about five and a halfmiles, I guess, but [Wow!] it's really well worth it.And, uh, there are cave paintings in the rock, and thecolors of the rock ... at... at sunrise and sunset...are just fabulous!Nancy: Sounds like I should bring my camera!David:You sure should! Finally, let's see, I guess you should travel ... travel north to visit the Kakadu NationalPark.Nancy: Kakadu? How do you spell that?David:K-A-K-A-D-U. It's ... it's a tropical forest where you can go hiking and see all sorts of wildlife ... Nancy: Oh?David: Oh, and there are some beautiful waterfalls there as well.Nancy: And do they allow camping there?David: Yeah, there are lots and lots of campsites. The only thing is that you've got to watch out for thecrocodiles!Nancy:Ugh! Well, David, thanks a lot! You've been a big help! David: No problem.Nancy: I can't wait to go!Statements:1. When David was in Sydney, he didn't stay there for night.2. The Great Barrier Reef is in South Queensland in Australia.3. From what Nancy says, one can know that she is fond of swimming.4. In Uluru National Park, Nancy can see the largest rock in the world.5. If Nancy likes to walk around the base of the rock, she has to walk about five miles.6. Nancy will bring her camera with her when she travels in Australia.7. There are no crocodiles in the tropical forest in Australia.Part IV More about the topic: The story of DenverAudioscript: :Denver is the largest city and the capital of the western state of Colorado. There's a marker on the step in the State Capitol Building. Standing there, you are exactly 1.6 kilometers above sea level, one mile high. Denver is known as "the-mile-high city", but it does not appear to be that high. This is because it is built almost completely on smooth flat land. Denver is the largest city of the Rocky Mountains. Many people believe it is actually in the Rocky Mountains. However, it is about 50 kilometers east of them.The city of Denver has a population of about 470 000 people. This makes it the 26th largest city in the United States. The area around Denver has more than 1 600 000 people. City officials are proud of the fact that Denver receives more than 300 days of sunshine a year. Storms moving east across the country lose much of their strength in the Rockies. So Denver gets only about 3 5 centimeters of rain and snow a year. The nearby mountains, however, get a lot more than that.Denver is the business and marketing center for all the Rocky Mountain area. It has more than 1 500 manufacturing companies. Food processing is the main manufacturing activity. Other factories make equipment for the defense, space, high technology and transportation industries. Gold production is also important. Denver is home to companies that control half the gold produced in the United States.The computer and communications industries have become increasingly important in recent years. Denver has the third highest number of high technology jobs in relation to the population. The area also has become a center for companies that do business in other countries. This is true throughout the western states. In fact, more jobs in the American west are linked to foreign trade than in any other part of the country.Tourism is also an important industry in Denver. For example, the Colorado History Museum shows the history of the native American Indians, gold miners and other people who moved to Colorado. The Denver Museum of Natural History shows Indian objects and examples of local wildlife. Many visitors to Colorado and the Rocky Mountains use Denver's newinternational airport, which opened in 1995. It was the first major new airport built in the United States in 21 years. It cost almost 5 000 million dollars. It is the largest airport in North America, almost 90 000 passengers land at Denver International Airport each day.There is a lot to see and do in Denver. The State Capitol Building is in the center of the city. The top is covered with more than 500 g of gold. On a clear day, a visitor to the Capitol can see for a distance of almost 250 kilometers. 87 years ago, city officials began to purchase land to make sure it would be protected from development. Today, the city owns 8 000 hectares. On this land, Denver has built the largest city park system in the nation. Finally, there's Larama Square. It is a business area that is said to look like Denver of the early 1900s. Larama Square is filled with old buildings, gas lights and vehicles pulled by horses. It is a part of the new Denver that lives in the past.Part V Do you know ...? Audioscript:1.-- This country is an island, and it has a very smallpopulation, and most of the population live in the capital city.-- Is it a very dry country?-- Um -- no.-- Is it in the Caribbean?-- No, it isn't.-- Is it in the Pacific?-- No.-- Is it in Europe? (Uh, huh)-- Is it divided into two halves?-- No.-- Is it very popular for tourists?-- Not really, no.-- Is it in the Mediterranean?-- No.-- Is it in the Atlantic?-- Um, yes, I think so.-- It's not Iceland, is it?-- Yes.2.--This country is quite a large country. It has changedits capital since the Second World War, and it's famousfor its jungles.-- Is it an African country?-- No, it isn't.-- Is it a South American country?-- Yes.-- Sorry, did you say it was large or small?-- Er, pretty large, (large)-- Does it have a newly built capital?-- Yes, it does.-- Brazil?-- Brazil. That's correct.3.-- This is a small country. It's mountainous and it hasa small population.-- Is it in Europe?-- No.-- Is it in Asia?-- No.-- South America?-- No.-- Africa?-- No.-- North America?-- No.-- Is it a hot country?-- Slightly hotter than Britain.-- Does it have a dry climate or ... ?-- No, it has a very wet climate.-- A small population, you said?-- Yes.-- Is it an island country?-- Yes.-- Divided into two islands?-- Yes.-- Is it New Zealand?-- Yes.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:Dan Cruickshank:Over the past month, I've traveled through the Americas from Peru to New York. My next stop is another of the world's great modern cities.In little more than 200 years, Sydney has gone from being a dumping ground for British convicts to a confident metropolis, with a number of potential treasures I'm keen to see. I've come to Sydney to seek my treasure. To find the treasure that captures the extraordinary history, the spirit of this city and this nation. There are several contenders.The first one is obvious -- The Sydney Opera House. It's the great Australian icon and one of the most celebrated buildings of the 20th century.The Opera House was designed in 1957 by a Danish architect, Jorn Utzon. The Opera House was one of the most memorable buildings of the 20th century. Its forms are so strong. They're like a symbol for the city. These great shells one upon the other, incredibly powerful. The influences are complex. Utzon looked at many things. He'd been to Mexico, seen Mayan architecture. He loved the platform. I'm on the platform now. The shells rise from -- rise from the platform. Below are sort of the service parts of the buildings, and these great steps, again from the great Mayan temples in Mexico. So he's thinking of ancient sacred buildings. Utzon also took inspiration from nature. He needed to make the structure easyto build. His solution was ingenious. The shape of each of these shells originates from one form -- a sphere. If one takes an orange and one cuts it into components, I'm now creating the surface of the shells on a miniscule scale. And these surface shapes of standard geometrical form are the basis of the shell structure of the city Opera House, you see. Incredible this use of nature, use of simple forms, use of powerful elemental geometry, use of modern building materials -- concrete, all very ingenious, to create emblematic building, which sums up the city, which has captured the imagination of the world, which says Sydney.My heart sinks when I enter the Opera House. It seems like another building. The imaginative design of the exterior has not been repeated inside. It's all because in 1966 Uzton walked off the project after rows over the design and escalating budget. The consequences of Uzton's resignation were, well, tragic really. The fact is the relationship between the inside and the outside is, er, what shall one say -- unresolved, unsatisfactory. It's good in parts, but not as good as it ought to be and that's very sad. A masterpiece has been flawed.。

《英语听力教程3》答案与听力材料呵呵....考试一路顺风......UNIT 1A.B. Keys:Part I Getting ready1: burning of the forests/tree removal (deforestation)/reduction of the world's rain forests2: global warming/greenhouse effect/emissions of CO2Part II The Earth at risk (I)A. Keys:1.a. More people--------?more firewood----?fewer treesb. More domestic animals------?more plants-----?fewer available plantsa, b--? More desert----?move south-----?desrtt expanding south----?no grass2. Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow.3. People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export,or to make way for an iron ore mineB. Keys:1: Sahara Desert2: North America & most of Europe3: top soil blowing away4: tropical forests destruction5: animal/plant species becoming extinct6: climate change for the whole worldPart III The Earth at risk (II)A. Keys:1: Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed, all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding.2: He implies that some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.B. Keys:1: flooding in Bangladesh2: Action to be taken3: population controlPart IV More about the topic: The Effects of Global Warming Keys:1: Warming up of the world2: Effects of global3: reduced potential for food production4: change of patterns of hear-related food poisoning, etc.Part V Do you know…?A. Keys:1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: TB. Keys:Dos 1: your towels 2: Cut out 3: a wall-fire 4: fridge 5: wait until you've a full load6: a complete mealDon’ts 7: iron everything 8: the iron up 9: the kettle 10: to the brim11: hot foodUnit 2Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: International Union for the Conservation of Nature,United Nations, wildlife, policies2: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, trade, animals and plants, 1975, prohibits, 8000, controls,300003: United Nations Environmental Program,leadership, environment, quality of life4: World Wide Fund for Nature(formerly World Wildlife Fund) , 1961, Sahara Desert, North America & most of Europe,top soil blowing awayC. Keys:1: 2 2: 4 3: 5 4: 1,6 5: 3Questions:1: They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife2: They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been set up3: It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freelyPart II Christmas bird countsA. Keys:1: Jan. 3rd 2: more than 40 000 volunteers 3: 1 600 4: a 15 mile diameter5: an American artist 6: their natural habitats 7: the late 1800sB. Keys:1: start 2: sponsored 3: outside counting birds 4: experienced bird watchers5: anyone that is interested or concerned 6: scheduled 7: 10 people taking part8: 15 mile diameter circle 9: the total bird populations 10: the number of birds11: the longest-running bird census 12: undefinedPart III Dolphin captivityA.B. Keys:1: 1 2: 3 3: 4 4: 5 5: 26: Dolphins should be kept in captivity.7: There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.C. Keys:1: stress (family-oriented) 2: sonar bouncing off3: average age of death; life getting better for captive dolphins4: natural behabior patterns-altered5: suffering from fractured skulls, ribs or jaws6: can't learn from animals in the wild how they operate, breed, what they need, etc.Part IV More about the topic: Birds----A Source of WealthKeys:1：9300 2：Habitat 3：warmer climates 4：300 different species 5：colder climates 6：habitat alteration 7：esthetic value 8：Birds' populationPart V Do you know…?Keys:1: one and one-half million 2: 20 times3: 100 4: 40000 5: 65 million6: 3500 7: 2 million square miles 8: 3%9: 200 animal species 10: 100011: a third 12: two-thirds 13: three-quartersUnit 3 El Nino? La Nina? Part ID. warmer/ green house effect / sea levels/ climate zonesAs 1998 ends and people look forward to the last year of the century, the World Almanac spoke with experts about what comes next. Almanac editorial director says the experts believe the next century will bring lots of changes.Warm, of course, that our climate is going to continue getting warmer. That’s the subject, by the way, of another new article on the 1999 World Almanac. The greenhouse effect, exactly what causes it, and what steps to be taken to, perhaps to alleviate global warmings. I’ve seen recently that 1998 is goin g to go down as the warmest year ever on record. And so that’s going to be a major issue of the next century, and possible tremendous consequences of the global warmings, whether it is rising sea levels affecting the coastal areas; changes in climate zones affecting what crops can be grown, and in what regions. This is potentially a very significant trend to be watched.E. Cyclone: North or south of equator / Typhoon:/ Hurricane: Eastern PacificMajor ocean storms in the northern part of the world usually develop in late summer or autumn over waters near the equator. They are known by several different names. Scientists call these storms cyclones when they happen just north or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, thesestorms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurricanes.Part IIA. Outline 1. A. weather pattern/ global climateB. 1. twice a decade 2. 12-18 monthsC. 1. warmer weather/2. wetter than usual/ drier D. the decline of winds II. 1. droughtsB. a cyclic weather pattern/ about twice a decade/ wetter/ drier/ cold water away from South America’s west/ to expand eastward toward the America’s / move eastward too/ the weather around the world/ droughts/ rains and flooding/ on the South American fishing industry/ to become depletive/ the strength of it/Part III Lick ObservatoryB. location: an hour’s drive/ summit/Origin of the name: a wealthy businessmanSize: one meter diameter/ secondTime: 1888Present function: research/ an educational toolC. way of observation: human eyes; in the cold/ TV screen Gains and losses: Romance/ the sky/ efficiency/ reality/ universeQuestions:1. Because lick Observatory is near “Silicon Valley”, a region of the states high-technology.2. Because Lick Observatory was built on his estate and he was buried at the base of the telescope at this won request.3. By using the 19th century telescope, you have a feeling of romance with direct viewing with the human eyes. By sing the modern devices, you lose that romance but gain the efficiency. That’s an exchange.Part IV. The national climatic Data Center.A. OutlineI. A. 1951 B. headquarters C. satellites, radar, solar radiation system, airplanes, shipsII. B. collecting weather records from around the world D. publications about earth environment. E. requests fro information from all over the world.B. questions.1. The Department of Defense, the National Weather Service, the coastguard2. The office has written weather observations made by early American diplomat Benjamin Franklin and by the third President of the U.S.3. You can get the information by computer, microfilm and telephone4. American cities. Another publication has monthly reports from 1500 observation stations around the world.5.The center had more than 900,000 requests from government officials, business owners,Unit 4 Reports on Disasters & AccidentsPart I.1. firebomb/ shopping/ several /2. 1,000 tornadoes3. car ferry/ taken over/ Green Action Front4. South Korea/ 270/ thousands5. robbed/ 5/ lunchtime/ 10,0006. hurricane/ 100/ twenty/ 1007. Hijacked/ TuesdayPart II. Hurricanes & tornadoesA. 1. a storm 2. about 2000 3. the winds were up to 75 miles an hour 4. the Indian army 5. destroyed/ links / collapsed 6. more than 40 people 7. over 100,000 peopleLarge numbers of villages have been completely cut off. The officialsaid the death toll could reach 2000. the Indian army has been called into help the relief effort. From Deli. Here is David Willis.The storm with winds of up to 75 miles an hour struck India’s southeast coast, flattening homes, destroying crops and cutting transport links. Eyewitnesses reported tidal waves more than 12 feet high. The storm was followed by torrential rains, which swept away roads and railway lines, and flooded low lying areas. More than 40 people are thought to have died when a ferry sank. But most of the deaths have been due to flooding, houses collapsing or electrocutions. More than 100,000 people have been evacuated from their homes and are taking shelter in relief camps. After surveying the flooded area by helicopter, the chief minister said it resembled a burial ground. He’s appealed to the federal government to tr eat the incident as a national calamity. David Willis.B. 1. The worst of the heavy rains and thunderstorms appears to be over2. in parts of Europe3. During the past week4. Affected5. At least five6. because emergency warnings were issued before.C. 1. c 2 b 3. d 4. bNine hours Greenwich Mean Time. The news read by Wendy Gordon. The worst of the heavy rains and thunderstorms that have been sweeping parts of Europe during the past week appears to be over. Exceptionally heavy rainfall brought flooding to many parts of Germany, Switzerland, Northern Italy and France and chaos to rail and road transport. Although most flights are expected to be back to normal by this time tomorrow, there are expected to be serious delays on the German and Italian motorways over the forthcoming holiday weekend and train services are unlikely to be normalized for several days. A government spokeswoman in France announced that the damage to homes and property is expected to be at least four thousand million francs. It is reported that at least five people have lost their lives. Experts agree that casualty figures are low because emergency warnings were issued on the day before the storms began. The federal government in Switzerland has urged motorists and rail travelers not to travel during the next few days and no international traffic will be allowed on the main north-south motorway routes across the country until next Tuesday.Part III. EarthquakesA. Another earthquake, the fifth in three days, hit Japan last night. Hundreds of homes have now been destroyed or badly damaged, and thousands have been made homeless since the earthquakes started.Many of the homeless have begun to make themselves makeshift shelters from the rubble. Electricity, gas and water supplies have also been seriously disrupted. Experts believe that the country will be hit by more quakes during the next 48 hours.C.I. A. Sunday/ the 23rd B. in southern ItalyII. A. at least 400 B. many more than 400III. A. in small towns and villages outside Naples 1. hospital 2. church 3. private homesB. 1. eight or nine 2. in the streets or squares 3. countryside/ traffic jams 4. telephone lines/ 5. electricity and waterIV. A. 1. the fog 2. the cold weather B. roadrt.Part IV Earthquake TipsDuring an earthquakeA1. Main idea: to remember Tsunami victims2. Time : midday/ 3 minutes of silence/ people stopped/ flags lowered to half staff.3. Purpose: giving people a chance to remember all those who died.4. 1) Sweden/ 700+1200 Germany: +1000B1. large earthquake/ epicenter under water2. no/ most quakes no tsunamis3. depending on distance/ near the earthquake/ immediately / hardest hit area/ two hours away.4. a. water/ seriously withdrawing or coming in for no apparent reasonb. feeling an earthquake / witnessing a landslide at the coast Unit 5 People & Places (I) Part I1. Australia is the world’s largest island and its smallest continent. Its total area of 3,000,000 square miles is about the same as that of the continental United States (excluding Alaska)2. the area of Nepal is about 54,000 square miles. Within its borders are five of the world’s highest peaks.3. Switzerland is a small, landlocked country, 15,944 square miles in area. It’s bordered by France, Austria, a nd Italy.4. more than 20,000,000 people live in Argentine. About 97 percent are of European stock. Most argentines live on the eastern plains. Fewer than 19% live in the dry western and northwestern provinces.5. Austria is 32,376 square miles in area. This makes it twice thesize of neighboring Switzerland. There are about 7,150,000 people living in Austria. More than one third of the people live in or near Vienna, the capital city.6. Colombia is the only country in South America with a coastline on the both sides of the continent. It is a big country with an area of 439,828 square miles and about 16,300,000persons live in Colombia.7. Saudi Arabia’s area is estimated to be about 830,000 square miles. Almost all of Saudi Arabia’s 7,000,000 people are A rabs. Today Saudi Arabia’s vast oil resources are paying for the modernization of the country. Conditions there are changing more rapidly than they have for centuries.8. Denmark proper has an area of only 16,575 square miles. It is the smallest of the Scandinavian countries—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. But Denmark’s population of over 4,600,000 is greater than that of Norway and more than half that of Sweden. Part II CanadaB. outlineI. A. second only/ B. 26 million people C. 1 the Great Lakes 2 the Rocky Mountains 3 the Arctic islandsII. A. 1. 2. overcoat/ a fur hatIII. A. 1. American Indians 2 Germans 3 Italians, / Inuit B.English and FrenchIV. A. seafood B. meat dishes D. the sweet course E. good beer but not good local wines.V. A. most modern shopping centers B. 1 2. woolen 3. wood 4 leather 5 mapleVI. A. the Canadian dollar B. 10 am to 3pm Monday to Thursday, till later on Fridays.Part III Traveling around AustraliaA. Sydney: harbor: take a boat trip in an old sailing ship/ at a backpacker’s hotelThe Sydney Opera House: see concertsThe great Barrier Reef: tropical fish/ glass bottom/ at a resort hotel or at a guesthouseAyers Rock in Ulura National park: go hiking/ see cave paintings/ colors /at sunrise and sunsetKakadu National Park: go hiking/ wildlife / waterfalls/ in one of the campsites.B. 1. T 2 F 3 F 4. T 5 F 6. T 7. FStatements:1. When David was in Sydney, he didn’t stay there for night.2. The Great Barrier Reef is in South Queensland in Australia3. From what Nancy says, one can know that she is fond of swimming4. In Uluru national Park, Nancy can see the largest rock in the world.5. If Nancy likes to walk around the base of the rock, she has to walk about five miles.6. Nancy will bring her camera with her when she travels in Australia.7. There are no crocodiles in the tropical forest in Australia.Part IV. The Story of DenverOutlineI. A. 1l6 kilometers/ one mile above the sea levelB. population:C. 1. 300 days of sunshine a year2. about 35 centimetersII. Business and Marketing centerA. more than 1500 manufacturing companies1. Main activity: food processing2. other factories making equipment for the defense, space, high technology and transportation industries.3. gold productionB. the computer and communications industriesC. 1. offering the third highest number/ 2. that do business in other countriesIII. A. History B. Natural History C. North America/ 90,000 E. city park system F. a business area filled with old buildings, gas lights and vehicles pulled by horsesPart V. Do you Know…?ICELAND----- in the Atlantic/ a small population / an island countryBrazil----- a newly-built capital / a pretty large country/ famous for its jungles/ a South American countryNew Zealand----- hotter than Britain / a small population / a mountainous country/ a wet climate/ divided into two islands. Unit6People and Places (II)Part IPart II New ZealandersOutlineI. A. an island country in the South Pacific Ocean B. 2,575,000 II. A. free education for children from ages 3 to 19B. for children between the ages of 7 and 15C. The Government Correspondence School:III. A. one of the highest in the worldB. mainly one-story wooden homesC. meat and butterIV. Recreation B. musical / D. Concerts/ E operaV. A. camping/ fishing C. Rugby football D. soccer/ basketballB. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6 FStatements:1. New Zealand is about 1,400 miles from Australia2. More people live on the larger South Island than the North Island in New Zealand3. Most New Zealanders are of British origin.4. Children in New Zealand usually go to school at the age of5.5. Not many New Zealanders have their own cars.6. New Zealanders are fond of drinking a lot of tea.Part III. What do you think of Britain?Weather Food people Way of lifePaul Changeable; depressing;The best word: bleak Boring/ flavor$ taste/ enjoy it Snobbish;/ alive/ on fireCindy Cloudy/ sunshine D ull, / sweets Difficult/ reserved relaxed Usha Changeable/ OK Healthy/ bland Reserved/ friendly Fast Spiro Depressing / long; pleasant All right/ limited Friendly sincere Awful; / tiringB. 1. It must be tasty and full of flavor2. Spring and autumn3. Because the city life is fast4. for seven years5. there is a wider selection of dishes in Greek food.6. Usha is very good at making friends.Part IV Native peoples of AlaskaOutline1. A. 1 sea 2 fish 3 4 reindeerB 1 frame houses 2 hutsC 1 hunting 2. carvingII. A related/ differentB. 1 the sea 2 fishing boats 3 working inIII. Indians A. the interior 1. Canada 2 fishing, trappingB. near the sea 1. 2 means of livelihood: c. loggingPart V. Do you know…?1. T 2 T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. FStatements:1. The city of London is quite dirty.2. the speed of life in the countryside is relatively low.3. companies remain in the city despite high rents and office costs.4. the company selling office equipment had no choice but to close down its London office.5. shortly after the company closed down its London office, it went bankrupt.6. more and more fields in the countryside are being used for housing.7. with less land to farm, people now get fewer farming products.Unit7Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: delighted 2: care 3: afraid 4: shy 5: strangers 6: really 7: laugh at 8: seriously9: sympathetic 10: lectures 11: experience 12: think 13: grammar 14: meaning 15: time16: work 17: problems 18: read19: improve 20: somethingPart II Are you a good language leaner?A. Keys:1: instrumental 2: examinations 3: integrative 4: immigration 5: marry 6: confident7: a good ear 8: revision 9: monitor 10: organization 11: teacher 12: classroom 13: 24 hours 14: responsibilityB. Keys:1: eternal 2: solution 3: out-of-classroom 4: in-classroom 5: responsibility6: failed 7: blame 8: blamePart III Foreign accentsA. Keys:1: judge 2: accents 3: snobbish 4: posh 5: foreign6: talk 7: expect 8: BBCB. Keys: 1: strong 2: struggle 3: broken 4: sort 5: tellPart IV More about the topic: How to Enlarge your V ocabulary? Keys: (the red numbers after the statements mean that you should tick Women 1, 2 or 3 in the form)1. learn new words by reading, e.g. newspapers, magazines: 1、32. learn new words from TV, films, etc.: 23. look up new words in a dictionary: 1、24. ask a native speaker of English what a new word means: 25. keep vocabulary cards or a vocabulary notebook: 2、36. try to use new words in conversations or when writing letters: 27. guess the meaning of new words: 38. group words related to one topic: 39. figure out the words from the pronunciation: 210. do crossword puzzles: 1Part V Do you know…?B. Keys: 1: lift, weekend 2: announcer or newsreader, smoking, training3: building 4: parkingUnit8Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1 : √2 : 03 : 04 : √5 : 0Part II Home schoolingA. Keys:1: About 300000 2: In reading and math 3: interests, questions 4: outsider,mixing with, well qualified, narrow views 5: time, desireB. Keys:1: snowfall, climate, Alaska, tourism2: spring, stars, telescope, satellites, space3: dinner, atlas, influence, greenhouse, deserts, ice capsPart III UK or US education?A. Keys:1: everything 2: fair idea, want to do 3: competent, narrow, one thing 4: beginning, lose yearsB. Keys:1: depth, general, wide 2: 90% 3: pure, technical, scientific, academic, practical use4: flexible, switch 5: far more, prepared, new skillsPart IV More about the topic: Co-educational or Segregated Schools Keys:1：to equip 2：require 3：shock 4：apart 5：true 6：get to know 7：live together8：compare 9：male 10：female 11：healthy attitude 12：mysterious creatures13：romantic heroes 14：physical 15：emotionalPart V Do you know…?Keys:1 : similar, Britain2 : 1732, life stories3 : 1751, Frenchmen4 : 1768, Scotland5 : 72000, 70006 : 8000, 10007 : 70 to 125 Unit9Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: F 2: T 3: F 4: FC. Keys:1: comedy 2: women 3: scenery 4: One 5: American 6: patriotism 7: European8: 1920s 9: maturity 10: popular 11: 1943 12: plot 13: hit 14: golden age15: all over the world 16: mainstay 17: music of Broadway 18: classicPart II Times SquareA. Keys:1: Because it is the name for the area around where Broadway crosses Forty-Second Street in Manhattan2: In 1904, it got its name in an area which was then called Long Acre Square.3: New York Times newspaper, New Year celebrations, Entertainment, Its huge colorful signsB. Keys:1: seedy, drug dealers, pornography or cheap knock-off,2: be widened, declined, upscale, Times Square clothing and accessoriesPart III What is a pub?A. (Outline) Keys:1: sign 2: name 3: sale of alcoholic drinks 4: 10:30 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. 5: 6 p.m. - 11 p.m.6: Sundays 7: 7 p.m. - 10:30 p.m. 8: accommodationB. Keys:1: That is because they seldom find the word "pub" in the name of a pub. Very often many pubs have names linked to royalty, sports, popular heroes or great occasions.2: The first thing to look for is a large sign either hanging over the street or placed on a pole outside the building.3: "Saloon Bar" is more comfortably furnished.4: That means the pub doesn't buy its drinks from one particular brewery only. It isn't tied to a brewery.C. Keys:1: coaches welcomed by appointment 2: bar food - lunchtimes only 3: pub accommodation 4: facilities for the disabled 5: a pub of historic interestPart IV More about the topic: The Song Yankee DoodleA. Keys:1: Colonists in the northeast part of America2: All Americans 3: American soldiersB. Keys:1: little 2: British 3: British 4: foolish 5: colonists 6: words 7: 1770s 8: soldiers 9: music 10: defeated 11: same 12: representsPart V Do you know…?A. Keys:1：It's Christmas Eve supper.2：There are 12 traditional dishes on the table.3：They just break wafers with each other, wishing each other good luck.4：The children go to the other room, where the big Christmas tree stands. Under the tree there are some Christmas presents.5：They go to church at midnight.B. Keys: 1：c 2：a 3：b 4：b 5：cUnit10Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: July 20. 1969 2: U.S. 3: descended 4: the first person5: step 6: leap7: two-and-a-half hour 8: flag 9: a phone called 10: feat11: heavens 12. world 13: moment 14: people 15: pride16: astronauts 17: module 18. legacy19: demonstration 20: chained 21: further 22: unlimitedPart II Standing on the moonA. Keys:1: the fifth person 2: nine hours and twenty-three minutes3: gather and photograph 4:peacefull, insignificantB. Keys:1: F 2: F 3: F 4: TPart III Grand projects of the ageA. Keys: 4, 2, 5, 3, 1, 6B. Keys:1: 1931, 102-floor high, 42 years, its limestone majesty2: 2009, $24 billion, electrity3: $330 billion, (still counting), 4300 miles, (still counting), automobile society, jobs, trade4: 1994, 24 miles, England, the Continent5: 1914, $380 million, 7800 milesPart IV More about the topic: World Wars (I& II)Missing…Part V Do you know…?Keys: 1: T 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: T 6: FUnit11Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: Tuesday, March 1st 2: Arts 3: Sciences 4: industry 5: technicians 6: 30 7: recognize 8: create 9: vote 10: 70 11: Album 12: gold 13: players 14: short 15: nominated 16: six 17: Pop Male 18: country singer19: The Hard WayPart II Karen Kain—a Canadian ballerinaA. Keys:1: In her hometown.2: When she was eleven years old.3: She also got academic training.4: When she was eighteen years old.5: He is an actor.6: For six weeks.7: For another ten years at the most.8: She will be playing Cinderella in an English pantomime.B. Keys:1: c 2: d 3: d 4: a 5: d 6: cPart III “The Scream”A. Keys:1: powerful 2: black 3: white 4: bridge 5: screaming6: at the end 7: loneliness 8: sadnness 9: hideB. Keys:1: For painting the bridge or the street2: For painting a field or a wall3: They somehow depress the picture4: For painting clouds5: They add to the depression of the screamerPart IV More about the topic: The Oscar Award and OthersKeys:I. 1: Oscar 2: motion pictures 3: Academy 4: 1929 5: ten6: gold 7: the statuette 8: librarian 9: director 10: first cousinII. 1: the theater 2: Theater Wing 3: 1947 4: actress-director 5: nicknameIII. 1: mystery writing 2: Mystery Writers 3: miniature 4: father 5: detectiveIV. 1: Science Fiction Convention 2: science fiction 3: silver4: rocket ships 5: founder 6: Amazing StoriesPart V Do you know…? Keys:1: T 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: T 呵呵....祝你考试顺利！加油！。