Chinglish or English-Add Oil

这些Singlish和Chinglish太牛了，被牛津字典承认了2018年10月19日今天有个重大的好消息！对Chinglish来说可谓是非常的光荣！还上了热搜我们特色的中式英文人称“Chinglish”曾一度被歪果仁小小群嘲但今天！有个词竟被牛津英文词典收录了牛津词典耶！这是正统的英文词典跟我们的中华词典一样是学术界的权威认证！这次被牛津词典录入的单词就是由中文直接翻译过来的加油“add oil”这下歪果仁们再也不会嘲笑Chinglish了而且，说不定以后会有更多的Chinglish被认证Chinglish，add oil啊！回想起那些年我们说过的Chinglish 不知道大家还记得多少不如椰子来跟大家重温一下经典吧～好好学习天天向上“good good studyday day up”你行你上不行别BB “you can you upno can no BB ”不作不死“no zuo no die”好久不见“Long time no see”人山人海“people mountain people sea”给你点颜色瞧瞧“give you some colour see see”怎么是你？怎么又是你？“How are you? How old are you?”你问我，我问谁？“you ask me,me ask who?”马马虎虎“horse horse tiger tiger”不三不四“no three no four”以上这些爆笑Chinglish是椰子印象最深的不知道椰友们还有没有想到别的在下面评论留言我们一起来探讨探讨～说回英语这个东西啊除了Chingish之外可别忘了还有小坡的Singlish这也是英文界的扛把子有木有～当初椰子毅然决然来到小坡读书寻思著学好一点英文吧以后回去说不定能改善一下Chinglish 可谁知道几年下来风格完全被带偏一口流利的Singlish简直让歪果仁目瞪口呆但万幸的是Singlish也有不少词汇被收录进了牛津词典这真是椰子万万没想到的～现在我们来看看都有哪些流弊哄哄的Singlish 出现在牛津词典里吧～ang moh这个单词的意思是外国人而且专指欧美人blur blur这个词的意思是不清不楚一般都是连着用的很多本地人会说“脑子blur blur的”char siu这个词是叉烧的意思跟粤语发音非常相似chilli crab 辣椒螃蟹是新加坡的“国菜”Hawker centre意思是小贩中心就是我们经常去吃饭的熟食中心或者巴刹HDB这个大家非常熟悉了就是我们住的组屋Wet Market意思是湿巴刹是平时安哥安娣很喜欢买生肉和菜的市场Sotong意思是墨鱼也有人称为苏东韩国菜里最经常出现的就是铁板苏东思密达~Wah这是一个语气词跟“哇”是一样的表示很惊讶很惊奇Killer litter意思是高空抛物指那些从高楼掉下来的东西这些词相信大家在日常生活中也常常听到只是没想到它们竟然被权威认证了膜拜膜拜~无论是Chinglish还是Singlish 椰子觉得都非常的棒这些精髓都来自老百姓们的融会贯通~无论是哪种语言能让世界上更多的人认同才是语言发挥的最大功效～。

“add oil（加油）”被收录牛津词典
作者：
来源：《作文与考试·初中版》2019年第05期
日前，中式英语词汇“add oil（加油）”被英国牛津大学出版社旗下的《牛津英语词典》收录，引发舆论关注。

“加油”被收录并非个案。

此前，《牛津英语词典》先后收录了200多个中式英语，比如hoisin（海鲜）、jiaozi（饺子）、qipao（旗袍）、tuina（推拿）等中国特有的一些词汇。

如今，“汉语热”在世界各地不断升温。

从2019年起，汉语将正式纳入俄罗斯“高考”。

据统计，目前全球学习汉语的人数，已经从2004年的3000万增长到1亿。

中国话以汉语拼音形式在国外的接触度、理解度上升极快，“春节”“功夫”“胡同”等文化词汇的拼音直译，在使用频率和受认可度方面正逐渐与英译形成竞争关系。

不只是汉语，近些年，中国文化在很多方面都不断“圈粉”。

诗歌走红海外，网文“出海”，影视剧“华流”涌动……此前，印度国宝级演员阿·米尔汗更是直言，自己十分痴迷金庸的小说，甚至熬夜看到2点。

如此种种，足可见中国文化的魅力。

（资料来源：《人民日报》《北京青年报》）
微言大义：中国文化“走出去”，与世界文化交流互鉴、共生发展，是中国文化绽放光彩的大好机遇，也是中国坚持开放包容、拥抱世界的必然结果。

适用话题：走出去；语言的魅力；把握机遇……。

Transl ation and Application of Internet Buzz Word s in Cross-cultural CommunicationZhenhui XUZhaoqing UniversityAbstract: Along with the development of computer technology and the populariza-tion of internet, a unique language with buzz words is born. In addition to social media, people also use these hot words to express their feelings and ideas in daily communication. Under the same background, on the platform provided by the in-ternet, the interaction of various languages can be realized, and cross-cultural communication is no longer difficult to achieve. Therefore, how to use internet language in cross-cultural communication, break the boundaries of different lan-guages, and achieve a more effective expression, has posed a problem to be ad-dressed in the process of the development of internet language. This paper first an-alyzes the characteristics of internet buzz words, then discusses the influence of culture on the translation of internet hot words, and then expounds the translation strategies of internet hot words with specific examples. The cultural factor also plays a crucial role in the translation and comprehension of internet buzz words. Key words: Internet Buzz Words; Cross-cultural Communication; Translation1. IntroductionAs the world has entered the information age, and the frequency of hot words usage in internet communication is becoming increasingly higher, and the sit-uation of cross-cultural communication has evolved into a daily reality. However, due to the strong correlation between the formation of internet hot words and the cultural environment, the translation of internet buzz words is more complicatedAbout the author: Zhenhui XU, (1969-11), Male, Han, born in Dezhou, Shandong, Lec-turer, Foreign Languages School of Zhaoqing University, MA, Translation Studies and Cross-cultural Communication.Funded project: This paper is sponsored by Zhaoqing University Education and Research Project (2018010760): Translation Teaching Localization Based on Innovational Compe-tence Cultivation.Creativity and Innovation Vol.3 No.2 2019given the profound differences in cross-cultural communication. In the process of translation of internet hot words, we need to consider the cultural background of the words and the cultural context after translation. The development of internet and science and technology not only brings about diversified communication, but also gives rise to problems in the translation and use of languages in complex in-teractions.2. Features of Internet Buzz WordsInternet buzz words, also called hot words, are words or phrases which have gained recent popularity, especially among a particular group of people or within a specific context. They come into being as a result of the colorful virtual realities. Here are the main features of those popular terms.(1) Sudden Occurrence and Rapid Spread through Social MediaInternet hot words are generally in a short and concise form that reduces the difficulty of memory and understanding in the process of use. Because of this fea-ture, the propagation speed of internet hot words is correspondingly improved. In a wide range of use, internet buzz words become an indispensable part of internet communication. Internet hot words are born on the Internet, which is different from the way words are produced in the past whereas words can only be created from newspapers or through authoritative communication channels. Many internet hot words are imitated by numerous netizens because of their amusing forms or pene-trating reflection of certain social inequalities or absurdities in daily life. They are a new culture formed in this era. They are different from the traditional language in language expression and have their unique particularity. For example, “cutting hands” actually comes from Jin Yong’s novel “Heroes of Shooting Eagles”. Hong Qigong once made a mistake because he was greedy, so he chopped off one of his fingers, but he still couldn’t help it when he met delicious food. Therefore, people use “cutting hands” to describe a shopaholic who finds his problem when he buys back a large quantity of useless goods and vows not to buy impulsively, but forgets the vow when he is again tempted by another overwhelming variety of commodi-ties[1].(2) Reflection of Prevailing MentalityInternet hot words are normally favored by the majority of netizens, to a cer-tain extent; it reflects the general mentality of netizens in the virtual world. Because the hot words on the internet correspond to their value judgments, they are prone to apply to their own interactions within a shared community. First of all, it reflects a kind of ridicule mentality. In many cases, the dissatisfaction and helplessness of people have no place to vent, thus people can only use some ridicule words to re-Translation and Application of Internet Buzz Words in Cross-cultural Communication flect their feelings. Secondly, it reflects a kind of surprising mentality, when people are constantly looking for fresh ways of expression to beat a routine and monoto-nous life. Words that can stand out on the internet are bound to have their own unique advantages. Relying on the characteristics of “no surprise, no end”, they attract the attention and love of netizens in a novel and peculiar manner, so as to make their debut in the internet language and become a new generation of lexical creations and linguistic alternatives.(3) Relevance to Social RealityAlthough the internet hot word is produced in the internet world, it is also a reflection of realistic social life. Some internet hot words are generated in some events and phenomena related to social reality, and become synonymous with a pe-riod of time under the fermentation of the internet, and have an impact in the form of culture. People still pay more attention to social fairness and justice in social life. When some things that are out of balance are widely spread on the internet, many netizens express their criticism of the event with the help of hot words on-line. For example, once the most popular “My father is Li Gang” event in the past few years was exposed, netizens followed suit and posted postings, and even created various lyrics, poems and glitches of “my father is Li Gang” variations. They use this form to satirize the event itself in an entertaining way. It also expresses netizens’ dissat-isfaction and protest against certain prevailing illegal behaviors.3. The Influence of Culture on Translation of Internet Buzz WordsIn the widespread use of social media, hot words affect people’s communica-tion forms and habits. Internet buzz words with a sense of humor and novelty are popular among netizens, dominate a place in the internet language, thus enriching the content and form of language varieties, and promoting the development of lan-guage in general. The generation of internet hot words is different from the tradi-tional words whereas its word-formation is relatively simpler, which is also an in-novation of traditional word formation to some extent. Because of its unique cul-tural environment, the characteristics of internet hot words have become a chal-lenge even an obstacle to translation when intercultural communication is carried out. Because of the correlation between internet hot words and their surrounding environment, the differences in language expression habits and thinking modes between China and foreign countries, the translation of internet hot words has be-come a rather difficult and controversial issue where disagreements arise frequently [2].Creativity and Innovation Vol.3 No.2 2019Chinese and English have utterly different ways of thinking and expression. Under the influence of culture, the connotation of language is richer and more col-orful, but in turn, language is also restricted by cultural environment. Translation is not only a simple translation of one language into another, but also a form of cross-cultural communication. In the process of translation, we need to understand the specific connotation and meaning of the words. Only when the hot words on the internet are translated in the cultural environment in which they are produced can the original meaning be preserved.4. Translation Strategies and Application of Internet Buzz WordsAlthough there are numerous strategies to translate Chinese internet buzz words into English, the author intends to list a number of commonly employed techniques and the application of those terms in cross cultural communication prac-tices. American translation researcher Nida proposed the functional equivalence theory, in which he maintains the priority of function to the mechanical corre-sponding with the form.(1) Coining Chinglish WordsThe translation of internet hot words is partly derived from Chinglish, which is unique to China. With the strong development of Chinglish, Chinese pinyin, pin-yin and English mixing and matching have been adopted directly. There were even self-made English words in the early days, such as dim sum, which means “dim sum” but is derived from the Cantonese pronunciation of “Dian Xin”. “Tuhao” and “add oil” were selected into the world’s Oxford English Dictionary in 2018, show-ing the direct influence of Chinglish on the translation of online hot words.(2) Literal TranslationIn the context of Chinese culture, internet hot words are difficult to express when they are translated into English. Therefore, there is a direct use of Chinese expression without violating the cultural artistic conception. For example, “Tuan Gou” is translated into “group purchase”, “Ye Shi Man Pin De” is translated into “push the envelope”, even the most popular online term “no zuo, no die” in 2013 is still widely used today[4].(3) Borrowing Similar English TermsThere are compound, derivation, abbreviation and similar vocabulary for-mation methods in English word-building. Many internet hot words and popular words cannot find corresponding equivalences in English vocabulary in the process of translation, so they usually use compound method to create words to achieve theTranslation and Application of Internet Buzz Words in Cross-cultural Communication purpose of translation. For example, the Chinese term “Di Tou Zu”is translated into “phubber”, which is actually a combination of phone and snubber, a person who is constantly lowing their head at their phones.(4) Literal Translation with Bracketed ExplanationsIn literal translation, the image of internet words can be preserved. However, because the cultural context after translation and before translation is different, and the differences in cultural environment will affect the understanding of semantics, sometimes literal translation can not accurately express its original meaning, but it can be explained on the basis of literal translation with bracketed notes. For exam-ple, low-carbon brother can be translated as Brother Low Carbon (a young man with no house, no car, and no girlfriend)[5].(5) Free Translation Based on the ContextFree translation is not restricted by the original context of the words, but fo-cuses on the meaning of the words to be expressed and extended. On the basis of considering the cultural environment and language characteristics of English, it translates the words corresponding to the semantic meaning in its cultural envi-ronment, and expresses the meaning of hot words on the internet in a form that is easy for them to understand. For example, the expression “Luo Hun” can easily be misunderstood as “naked wedding”if it is translated literally, which violates the original meaning of the words. Therefore, it is not appropriate to translate the Chi-nese word “Luo” directly from the English word “naked”. Therefore, through the analysis of the specific context of the word “naked”, the term aims to express the meaning of poverty. Combined with the whole expression “Luo Hun” is to describe a wedding deprived of wealth, then we can find out the corresponding words in English vocabulary, and finally translate “Luo Hun” into “down-to-earth wedding”.5. ConclusionInternet buzz words are a new challenge in cross-cultural communication. The translation of internet hot words is also a new form of spreading culture and infor-mation. However, because cross-cultural communication involves different cultural backgrounds, we need to consider the influence of context on translation and adopt corresponding strategies when translating the buzz words from Chinese to English.Works Cited[1] Dong Jian, Qin Panyan. “The Application of Intercultural Communication Theoryand Translation Theory in English Portal Translation”. Guangxi Education, 2018(39)Creativity and Innovation Vol.3 No.2 2019[2] Guo Yongsheng. “An effective exploration of Chinese cultural translation educationfrom a cross-cultural perspective -- A review of research on translation strategies and techniques”. China Education Journal, 2019 (6)[3] Nida, Eugene A. Language, Culture and Translating. Shanghai:Shanghai ForeignLanguage Education Press, 1993:325[4] Jiao Chunjiao. “Functions and Problems of Translation in Cross-cultural Commu-nication -- Taking the English translation of Chinese words in vocabulary teaching as an example”. Modern Communication, 2018, no.482 (12): 176-80[5] Xiang Rengdong. “Chinese English in Chinese-English Translation -- Based on theanalysis of English translation of hot words in the past 30 years of reform and opening-up”. Journal of Xiangtan Normal University (Social Sciences Edition) (6): 137-39。

鼓楼中学九年级（上）期中试卷英语一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1.In the game Chinese Parents, designers hope kids and parents can understand each other ______ playing thegame.A. throughB. withC. underD. for2.--- Do you think you’ll win the basketball final tomorrow?--- Of course, we’re all feeling pretty ______.A. confidentB. energyC. patientD. curious3.More Chinglish spreads all over the world, ______ “long time no see” ______ “add oil” has entered OxfordEnglish Dictionary.A. Both; andB. Either; orC. Neither; norD. Not only; but also4.--- ______ taking a trip to Zijin Mountain after the exam?--- Good idea. I have dreamed of it for a long time.A. Why don’t weB. Why notC. What aboutD. Shall we5.--- Look! So many cars at the traffic lights!--- Yeah! We can’t be ______ careful when we cross the road.A. veryB. soC. tooD. quite6.I woke up at one o’clock last night. The silence was broken by the soft ______ of rain.A. whisperB. voiceC. noiseD. sound7.--- Are you happy with your work, Miss Lu?--- Sure. ______ I complete a task, I feel a real sense of achievement.A. WheneverB. UntilC. WhileD. Although8.When I travel abroad, I always feel homesick when I eat traditional Chinese food. In the sentence “homesick”describes a ______.A. sicknessB. positionC. feelingD. condition9.--- Tom fell off the bike and hurt himself!--- What? It’s a ______ that he can’t take part in the sports meeting.A. pleasureB. surpriseC. shameD. pity110.--- I keep on exercising every day but I still fail to lose weight.--- Why? A healthy diet ______ at the same time I think.A. needsB. will needC. is neededD. will be needed11.--- House are selling at a high price. I told you to buy one two years ago.--- Sorry, I missed the boat.What does the underlined phrase “missed the boat” mean in English?A. lose a chanceB. lose one’s wayC. lose heartD. lose money12.--- Dear, would you like to go to your uncle’s home for dinner?--- I don’t want to go out. I ______ stay at home and have some noodles.A. had betterB. would ratherC. need toD. have to13.--- David, could you tell me ______?--- Every four years. The 24h will be held in China in 2022.A. how often are the Winter Olympic Games heldB. how often the Winter Olympics Games are heldC. how soon will the Winter Olympics Games be heldD. how soon the Winter Olympics Games will be held14.--- Tom, I’m wondering ______ in Grade 9.--- Everything goes well. I even spend some time on my hobbies.A. why you always stay up too lateB. that you have difficulty with your studyC. how you are getting on with your friendsD. if you have enough time to do homework15.--- Thank you so much for your advice on my English pronunciation.--- ______. I’m glad my advice is of some help to you.A. Never mindB. Don’t mention itC. It doesn’t matterD. I don’t think so二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Playing a musical instrument is a great hobby to have. I startedplaying the piano when I was five years old and ___16___ reallyenjoy it now: it’s a perfect way to relax and cheers me up when I’m___17___. When I lived at home with my parents, we had a lovelypiano in the house and I had piano lessons every week. ___18___,when I went to university, I had to leave my family, my home and2my piano behind.I missed playing the piano so much that I ___19___ all the money I got for my eighteenth birthday on a new electric piano. It was quite ___20___ to get it from the music shop to my house: I had to take a friend with me to get it into a taxi and then carry it to the door. I was able to ___21___ whenever I wanted, using headphones so that I wouldn’t disturb (打扰) my flatmates. When I was studying, I used to take a ___22___ to play something energetically. It really helped relax myself! When I was feeling homesick, playing music that I learned on my ___23___ piano made me feel better.Now I am on my year abroad and unluckily I don’t have a piano any more. I still listen to a lot of ___24___ music by my favourite composers like Beethoven (贝多芬). I find that, ___25___ when I’m listening to a piece of music that I can play, I feel nostalgic (怀旧的) for the piano keyboard. When I go home for Christmas, I will drive my family mad because I will play the piano all the time. It probably won’t sound very nice because I haven’t had any practice!16. A. even B. just C. still D. simply17. A. feeling blue B. turning white C. seeing red D. getting grey18. A. Otherwise B. However C. Moreover D. Instead19. A. paid B. took C. borrowed D. spent20. A. easy B. difficult C. exciting D. expensive21. A. play B. listen C. sing D. study22. A. shower B. walk C. rest D. breath23. A. new B. old C. big D. small24. A. morden B. country C. Jazz D. classical25. A. mainly B. exactly C. especially D. certainly三、阅读理解（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）A3A. Murder on AirB. MacbethC. Love of My LifeD. Super Wings-Dizzy’s Fantastic Journey27.Mr. and Mrs. Smith want to watch “Love of My Life”, they should pay at least ______.A. 160 yuanB. 180 yuanC. 240 yuanD. 360 yuan28.Which of the following is TRUE?A. You can watch the stage play on Sunday.B. You can buy the ticket for Murder on Air.C. You can watch Love of My Life if you love music.D. You can watch the radio drama with your 5-year-old son.BRon Roy grew up in the 1950s. He lived in a small town in Connecticut. He went to a tiny school. After school he played in the woods behind his house. On the weekends he went to the movie theater with his friends. When Ron Roy was nine years old, he was given a book for his birthday. The book told a magical story. It made him want to read more and write stories of his own.Ron Roy kept reading as he want through school. He loved to read. It didn’t matter what the story was. He loved them all. This love for books led him to study English literature in college. A love for children made him want to be a teacher. After several years in school, Ron Roy started teaching. Books and stories were all around him. One day, he knew—he wanted to write books, too.So, Ron Roy got to work. Every evening after he came home from school he wrote. As soon as his story was4finished, he started another one. When each story finished, he put it in the mail. He sent every story to a book publisher (出版商). Soon, the replies started coming back to him. Each one was the same. “No.” “Sorry.” “We’re not interested.” No one wanted to print his stories. Still, Ron Roy did not give up. He kept writing. Four years later, nothing had changed … until one day, it did. One day, a letter came in the mail that said, “We would love to publish your book.” Ron Roy was over the moon. All of his hard work had finally paid off!29.What did Ron Roy do on the weekends when he was a boy?A. He read magical stories.B. He went to the library.C. He played in the woods.D. He went to the movies.30.How long did it take before his first book was published?A. four weeks.B. Four minthsC. Four Years.D. Fourteen years.31.What does the underlined phrase “over the moon” mean in the passage?A. Happy.B. Proud.C.Sleepless.D.Hopeful.CEverybody knows how important it is for students to get a good night’s sleep every night. You aren’t able to do your best and keep up with all of your tasks unless (除非) you sleep well. I’m sure you already know that you should go to bed at a proper hour. Most experts (专家) agree that the best number of hours is eight, and this has been accepted as common sense. However, I was young once and I know that most of you get much less sleep than that—and in some cases it will influence your schoolwork.I read an interesting article in a teacher’s magazine recently. They did a study of 848 students in Wales. Worryingly, the results showed that teenagers are facing a new problem. They may go to bed and get up at suitable times but a growing number are waking up in the middle of the night, not to use the bathroom or have a snack but because of a new phenomenon (现象): FOMO—Fear Of Missing Out!According to the article, schoolchildren are suffering because of a growing trend (趋势) to wake up during the night to check their phones. Afraid of missing a reply or chance to join in a chat, teenagers are waking at all times of the night, going online. All this happens when they should be sound asleep.Experts are worries about this growing trend and the report shows some worrying facts that I’d like to share with you:➢23% of 12 to 15-year-olds wake up nearly every night to use phones. Another 15% wake up at night once a week for the same reason.➢One in three students are always tired and unable to study well.➢Students who use phones during the night are more possible to suffer from depression (抑郁) and anxiety.So switch off your phones at night. The world won’t end. I give you my word that you won’t miss anything important.32.Students won’t be able to study well ______.5。

☻☺山寨的含义：“山寨”一词源于广东话。

是一种由民间IT力量发起的产业现象。

其主要表现为仿造性、快速化、平民化。

☻☺山寨英文的文化意义：有很多专家提出要把中式英语chinglish和中国英语China English区分开来，后者的表达方式是那些英文中所没有的中国因素，如“peaceful rising”(和平崛起)、“Four Books”(四书)等。

随着中国的实力和影响力的增强，中国人用英语创造出来后的一些词汇可能会被正式的英文词库吸收，反倒会对丰富英文的词库起到添砖加瓦的作用。

语言从根本上说是被活人使用并丰富的，就像路一样，人多了就能走出一条路来。

山寨得好的Chinglish很可爱，外国人不但可以听懂，而且还可以了解中国文化。

比如peoplemountain people sea这句，老外一下就知道中国人习惯用山和海来形容“多”这个概念。

“Little grass has life, pleasewatch your step”(小草有生命，足下请留情)也被认为是表现中国人人情味的方式，山寨得好。

当中国的专家学者力图在消灭山寨式中国英语时，一些外国人反倒从文化融合的角度出发要保护这些中式英文。

英国《卫报》撰文力保Chinglish，认为中式英语其实错得韵味十足，为即将被消灭的Chinglish感到万分惋惜，他们认为这是一种有生命力的文化创意。

美国“全球语言监督”机构也发布报告称，上世纪30年代逐字翻译的中式英语Long time no see(很久不见)已经进入英语的标准词组。

而今天中国2.5亿的英语学习者，正在让国际英语经历前所未有的中国式英语的强烈冲击。

☻☺常见的山寨英语：咱哥俩谁跟谁啊!——We Brothers Two，Who and Who!人山人海People Mountain People Sea宁做鸡头不做凤尾Better Be the Head of a Cock Than the Tail of a Phoenix东施效颦Dongshi Imitates Xishi朝三暮四Morning Three Night Four有多远死多远As Far as You Go to Die我要闪了I Have to Flash加油Add Oil美中不足American Chinese Not Enough有事启奏，无事退朝!If You Have Something to Say，Then Say! If You Have Nothing to Say，Go Home!☻☺山寨英语指路牌：路牌的字母拼写一般有两种，一为译成相应意思的英文单词，二为相应的汉语拼音。

Unit 1A land of diversity基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│单元能力提升基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│当堂跟踪检测【单词回顾】分类识记 拓展运用一、基础识记词汇Ⅰ.填一填(基础会书写)1.____________vi .发生;出现2.____________vi .滑动;滑行;滑跤 n .滑动;滑倒3.____________vt .& vi .改革;革新 n . 改革;改造;改良4.____________n .手段;方法5.____________prep .尽管;不管6.____________vt .& n .租用,雇用基础自主梳理means slip occur despite reform hire7._____________adv .无处;到处都无8._____________vt .& n .抓住;掌握;领会9._____________vt .插入;嵌入 基础自主梳理grasp nowhere insertⅡ.填一填(阅读识其义)1.distinct adj .____________________________2.ministry n .____________________________ 3.hardship n .____________________________4.boom n .____________vi .____________________________5.racial adj .____________________________ 6.customs n .____________________________ 7.mourn vt .& vi .____________________________ 基础自主梳理繁荣(政府的)部;(全体)牧师清晰的;明显的;明确的处于经济迅速发展时期苦难;困苦人种的;种族的 海关;关税;进口税 哀悼;悼念;表示悲痛8.justice n .___________________9.percentage n .____________________10.luggage n .______________________11.brake n ._________________vi .& vt . _________________________12.ferry n ._________________vt .__________________13.authority n .________________　基础自主梳理闸;刹车;制动器百分比;百分率 公正;公平刹(车);用制动器减速行李渡船;渡口摆渡;渡运权威;权力Ⅲ.用一用(语境推意)1. [2018·全国卷Ⅲ] B oom townsgrow from nothing almost overnight. ____________________2. [2018·浙江卷] In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mournedhim as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and theirreadership and whose characters… ______________________3. [2018·浙江卷] And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.____________________ 基础自主梳理新兴城市 悼念 一小部分4. [2016·全国卷Ⅰ] However,Mexicans may use silence wheninstructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude tothat person by arguing with him or her.____________________基础自主梳理掌权;有权力二、核心拓展词汇Ⅰ.填一填(掌握书写)1._____________vt .选择;决定做某事;选举某人→_____________n.选举2._____________vt .指出;标示;表明;暗示→_____________n .迹象3._____________n .大多数;大半→_____________adj .主要的 vi .主修 n.专业→minority n .少数4._____________n .申请人→_____________v. 申请→_____________n .申请5._____________adj .显而易见的;显然的;表面上的→_______________adv .明显地6.__________________n .处罚;惩罚→_____________v . 惩罚;处罚基础自主梳理indication election elect majority indicate major applicant apply apparently application apparent punishment punish　7._____________n .正义;公平→________________(反义词) n .不公平8. crossing n.横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道→________________n .十字;交叉adj.交叉的;生气的 v .使交叉;横过→________________prep.在……的对面(过)基础自主梳理justice injustice acrosscrossⅡ.用一用(境中提升)1.Jack was working in the lab when the power cut______________(occur).2.So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive andimportant to the_____________(major) of people.3. If I am lucky enough__________________(elect), I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club.4. [2018·全国卷Ⅱ] Students should read the list with theirparents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Formswill be available in school and online for 基础自主梳理to indicate majority occurredto be elected5. [2018·北京卷] ______________the pain, I stayed the course walkinga bit and then running again.基础自主梳理Despite【记一记】——词不离群基础自主梳理1.单复数意义不同的名词小结①custom(风俗)→customs(海关)　②manner(方式)→manners(礼貌)　③paper(纸)→papers(文件) ④art(艺术)→arts(文科)　⑤arm(手臂)→arms(武器)　⑥brain(脑袋)→ brains(脑力)　⑦work(工作)→works(作品)2. “选择”大全①choose vt .选择　②choice n .选择　③select v t .选择;挑选;选拔　④electvt .推选;选(举)某人任某职　⑤election n .选举,选出,当选　⑥option n .选择,取舍,选择权;可选择的东西　⑦pick out 选出　⑧vote vt .& vi .选举;投票【短语扫描】归纳积累 一网打尽Ⅰ.填一填(掌握书写)动词+介/副词1.live ___________继续存在;继续生存2.keep ___________坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)3.mark ___________用线画出范围;标出……界线4.take___________包括;吸收5.team up ___________与……合作或一起工作6.apply___________申请;请示得到基础自主梳理 up on in　with out for动词+名词7.make a ______________习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 介词+名词+介词8.by means ______________… 用……办法;借助……其他9.back ______________back 背靠背10.______________great/good many 许多;很多 基础自主梳理life of　to a选用以上短语填空1.The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house ________________a ladder.2.It is honourable to ________________with your hands while depending on others is a shame.3. [2018·天津卷] Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is,____________all the sights, sounds and sensations.4. Whom should you contact if you want to ____________the job in Rockville?5. John preferred to go into business alone rather than_________________ 基础自主梳理take in by means of make a life apply for team up with【记一记】——词不离群基础自主梳理1. “动词+out”短语再记①bring out 阐释;说明;出版　②carry out 完成;实施计划　③come out 出现;传出;表露;开花　④help out 帮助克服困难　⑤give out 用尽;耗尽　⑥turn out 证明　⑦work out 计算出;拟定出;解决　⑧run out 用完　⑨set out 启程;出发2. “很多”再回顾a lot of;lots of;a number of;a quantity of;quantities of;a good/great many;dozens of;scores of;many a;more than one;the/a majority of背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)1.___________________________today over 40% ofCalifornians speak Spanishas a first or secondlanguage.那就是为什么今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言。

龙源期刊网
中式英语“add oil” 收录进《牛津词典》
作者：
来源：《作文周刊·中考读写版》2019年第03期
不久前，又一条中式英语词汇add oil（加油）被英国牛津大学出版社旗下的《牛津英语词典》收录，引发不少中西方媒体的关注。

作为全球权威的英语词典，《牛津英语词典》完整版问世已90周年。

据《牛津英语词典》编辑部向记者提供的统计数据，这套词典目前共收录250个中式英语词汇，其中50多个词是在过去半个世纪里加入的。

西方一些语言专家认为，随着中国的节日民俗、先贤思想、传统美食等越来越深刻地影响世界，中国人的生活方式、思考方式和话语方式也在对世界发挥影响。

《语言帝国：世界语言史》作者尼古拉斯·奥斯特勒今年年初曾在英国《卫报》发表署名文章说，虽然当今全球四分之一人口在使用英语，但随着中国在国际舞台上的影响力不断增强，汉语在全世界的普及度越来越高。

牛津大学出版社（中国）词典总编辑刘浩贤说，中英两国的语言接觸历史久远，可追溯到几个世纪以前的海上贸易。

时至今日，作为世界上使用人数最多的两大语言，汉语和英语之间的关系越来越密切，相互影响也越来越深。

（选自“新华社”2018年11月20日）。

湖南师大附中教育集团第一次九年级联考(第三次月考)英语试卷总分：120分时量：120分钟第二部分知识运用(两部分，共20小题，计20分)第一节语法填空从A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

(共10小题，计10分)21. After leaving high school, most students go to ________ university.A. aB. theC. /22. ________ unusual weather it was! It began to snow in summer.A. WhatB. What anC. How23. His dream is ________ the highest mountain in China before he is 25 years old.A. climbB. to climbC. climbing24. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge opened to traffic on October 24, ________ is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world.A. whichB. thatC. /25. ________ “add oil”was a “Chinglish” saying, it is now commonly used by Chinese speakers and non-Chinese speakers alike.A. WhenB. AlthoughC. That26. —Wow, such a beautiful dress!—Thank you! I really like the color and design, and especially it feels ________.A. softlyB. softnessC. soft27. —Whose coat is it?—It ________ b e Carla’s. She searched for her coat a momen t ago.A. can’tB. mustC. mustn’t28. ________ of students in our school do voluntary social work in their free time.A. HundredB. A hundredC. Hundreds29. —Would you like some milk or cakes?—________ .I am really thirsty and hungry after driving for hours.A. EitherB. BothC. Neither30. —Does anybody want to share ________ last month with us?—Yes. I read the book The Legend of Sleepy Hollow written by Washington Irving.A. what you readB. you read whatC. what did you read第二节词语填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

中式英语被收录入牛津词典
佚名
【期刊名称】《国际人才交流》
【年(卷),期】2018(0)11
【摘要】＂加油＂,是一个在国内被人们广泛使用用来为其他人鼓劲助威或表示支持的短语,目前已被收录入最新版本的牛津英语字典。

＂加油＂这个短语从字面上理解就是给某些引擎机器加入汽油,而中国人在比赛或竞赛中常常大声喊出这个短语来鼓劢参赛者。

【总页数】1页(P72-72)
【关键词】牛津词典;中式英语;录入;英语字典;短语;参赛者;中国人
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H316
【相关文献】
1.略评《牛津英语习语词典》(英汉双解版)——牛津大学出版社首次推出的双解版英语习语词典 [J], 孙吉娟
2.中式英语“add oil”进牛津词典 [J], 新华社
3.又一条中式英文进入《牛津英语词典》 [J],
4.中式英语“add oil”被收入牛津词典 [J], ;
5.中式英语“add oil”进牛津词典 [J], 新华社;
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。