Appearance-Mimicking Surfaces

bml050BML050: An Introduction to a Versatile and Cutting-Edge TechnologyIntroductionIn the world of technology, advancements are taking place at an unprecedented pace. New innovations are constantly emerging, reshaping industries and revolutionizing the way we live and work. One such promising technology is BML050, a versatile and cutting-edge system that has the potential to significantly impact various sectors. In this document, we will explore the features, applications, and potential benefits of BML050.1. What is BML050?BML050 stands for Bio-inspired Micropattern-Light-Emitting Diode 050. It is a technology that combines principles from biology and materials science to produce highly efficient and dynamic light-emitting devices. By mimicking natural light-emitting structures found in nature, BML050 offers a unique and innovative approach to lighting solutions.2. How does BML050 work?At the heart of the BML050 technology lies its ability to mimic the intricate design of biological structures, such as butterfly wings and peacock feathers. These structures possess nanoscale patterns that produce vibrant colors through the phenomenon of light interference.BML050 utilizes similar principles to create artificial structures called micro-patterned light-emitting diodes (MPLEDs). These MPLEDs employ micro-patterned surfaces with precisely controlled dimensions to manipulate light and produce desired colors. By carefully designing the size, shape, and spacing of these patterns, BML050 can achieve a wide range of vibrant colors with high efficiency.3. Applications of BML050The versatility of BML050 opens up numerous possibilities for its applications across different industries. Some key areas where BML050 can make a significant impact are:a) Lighting Industry: BML050 can revolutionize the lighting industry by providing highly energy-efficient and customizable lighting solutions. The ability to produce vibrant and dynamic colors can enhance the ambiance in homes, offices, and public spaces. Additionally, due to its low power consumption and long lifespan, BML050 can contribute to reducing energy consumption and maintenance costs.b) Display Technology: The use of BML050 in display technology can lead to the development of vivid and high-resolution screens. The incorporation of micro-patterned surfaces can improve color accuracy and brightness, delivering an immersive visual experience for users.c) Biomedical Applications: BML050's bio-inspired design makes it suitable for various biomedical applications. It can be utilized in optical sensors for medical diagnostics, where accurate color detection is required. Furthermore, BML050's compatibility with biological systems makes it a potential candidate for targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering.d) Automotive Industry: BML050 can find applications in the automotive industry by enhancing vehicle lighting systems. The ability to produce vibrant and customizable colors can lead to improved visibility, increased road safety, andattractive lighting designs for both interior and exterior lighting.4. Benefits of BML050The adoption of BML050 offers several advantages compared to traditional lighting and display technologies:a) Energy Efficiency: BML050 consumes significantly less power compared to conventional lighting solutions, providing energy savings and contributing to a greener and more sustainable future.b) Customizability: BML050 allows for the customization of colors, enabling users to create personalized lighting experiences for various environments.c) Long Lifespan: The robust design of BML050 results in a longer lifespan, reducing the need for frequent replacements and maintenance.d) Cost-Effectiveness: Although the initial investment in implementing BML050 technology may be higher, the long-term cost savings related to energy consumption and maintenance can outweigh the initial costs.ConclusionBML050 represents a promising technological advancement that combines biology and materials science to produce efficient and dynamic lighting solutions. Its ability to mimic natural light-emitting structures and produce a wide range of vibrant colors opens up numerous possibilities for applications in various industries. With its energy efficiency, customizability, and long lifespan, BML050 has the potential to revolutionize the way we illuminate and interact with the world around us. As further research and development continue, BML050 is poised to shape the future of lighting, display technology, and beyond.。

昆虫的启示发明10个简单英语作文Inspirations from Insects.Insects, small creatures often overlooked by many, have a remarkable ability to adapt, survive, and thrive in various environments. Their survival strategies, unique anatomies, and remarkable behaviors have served as a source of inspiration for numerous inventions and technologies. Here are ten examples of how insects have inspired human inventions:1. Antennae-inspired Sensors: Antennae, the thin,feeler-like appendages on insects' heads, are highly sensitive to changes in their environment. This has led to the development of antennae-inspired sensors that are used in robots, aircraft, and even medical devices to detect and respond to changes in their surroundings.2. Adhesive Technology: Gecko lizards, known for their ability to climb vertical surfaces, owe their adhesion tothe microscopic hairs on their feet. These hairs, known as setae, have inspired the development of synthetic adhesives that can be used in a wide range of applications, from surgical tape to sticky notes.3. Compound Eyes for Imaging: Insects possess compound eyes, made up of thousands of individual lens units, that provide them with a wide field of view and excellent depth perception. This has led to the development of compound eye cameras, which are used in surveillance, robotics, and other fields to capture a wide range of visual information.4. Biomechanical Designs: Insect skeletons, made of lightweight but strong materials like chitin, have inspired the design of lightweight, strong, and durable materialsfor use in aircraft, automobiles, and other applications.5. Honeycomb Structures: The hexagonal honeycomb structures found in bee nests provide maximum strength with minimal material usage. This efficient structure has been adapted in human design, from aircraft wings to sandwich panels, for optimal strength and weight.6. Insect-inspired Robotics: The agile movement and precise maneuvering of insects have inspired the design of small, insect-like robots that can navigate complex environments, such as narrow spaces or dense foliage. These robots are used in search and rescue operations, environmental monitoring, and other tasks.7. Biological Control: The use of natural enemies, such as predatory insects or parasites, to control pests is an example of biological control. This eco-friendly approach has been widely adopted in agriculture to reduce the need for chemical pesticides.8. Insect-mimicking Camouflage: The ability of insects to blend into their surroundings through coloration and patterning has led to the development of insect-mimicking camouflage materials. These materials are used in military applications, hunting gear, and even fashion to conceal or disguise objects and individuals.9. Vibration Communication: Some insects use vibrationsto communicate with each other, a phenomenon that has been adapted in human technology. For example, vibration sensors and transducers are used in cell phones and other devices to provide silent alerts or feedback.10. Biological Inspiration for Algorithms: The complex behaviors exhibited by insects, such as swarm intelligence or pathfinding, have provided inspiration for the development of algorithms used in computer science and artificial intelligence. These algorithms are used in areas like routing, optimization, and machine learning.Insects, with their remarkable adaptability andsurvival strategies, continue to serve as a source of inspiration for human inventions and technologies. As we continue to study and learn from these tiny creatures, we may unlock even more innovative applications and solutions to challenges we face in the future.。

以大自然为启发的发明英语作文Nature has always been a source of inspiration for inventors and innovators. From the design of airplanes to the development of Velcro, many inventions have been directly inspired by the natural world. The study of nature has led to the creation of new materials, technologies, and designs that have improved our lives in countless ways.One example of nature-inspired innovation is the invention of the airplane. The Wright brothers, who are credited with building and flying the first successful airplane, studied the flight of birds to understand the principles of aerodynamics. By observing how birds usetheir wings to generate lift and maneuver through the air, the Wright brothers were able to design a flying machine that could achieve controlled, powered flight. This breakthrough in aviation has had a profound impact on transportation, commerce, and communication around the world.Another example of nature-inspired innovation is the development of Velcro. Swiss engineer George de Mestral was inspired to create Velcro after observing how burrs stuckto his dog's fur during a walk in the woods. He studied the tiny hooks on the burrs and how they attached to the loopsin the fabric of his clothes, and used this observation to develop the hook-and-loop fastening system known as Velcro. This invention has been widely used in a variety of applications, from clothing and shoes to aerospace and medical devices.In recent years, biomimicry has emerged as a field of study that seeks to apply nature's principles to solve human challenges. By studying the structures, functions,and processes of living organisms, researchers anddesigners are finding new ways to create sustainable and efficient solutions. For example, the lotus leaf's abilityto repel water has inspired the development of self-cleaning surfaces, and the structure of spider silk has inspired the design of stronger and lighter materials.Overall, nature has served as a rich source ofinspiration for inventors and innovators throughout history. By studying and mimicking the patterns, systems, anddesigns found in the natural world, humans have been ableto create new technologies and materials that have improvedour lives and the environment. As we continue to face challenges in the future, it is likely that nature will continue to provide valuable insights and inspiration for innovation.大自然一直是发明家和创新者的灵感之源。

仿生学案例英语作文模板Title: Biomimicry Case Study in English。

Introduction。

Biomimicry is the practice of studying and imitating nature's designs and processes to solve human problems. It involves observing and understanding how nature has already solved many of the challenges we face, and then applying those lessons to our own designs and innovations. In this article, we will explore a few case studies of biomimicry in action, showcasing how this approach has led to innovative and sustainable solutions.Case Study 1: Velcro。

One of the most well-known examples of biomimicry is the invention of Velcro. Swiss engineer George de Mestral was inspired by the way burdock seeds stuck to his dog's fur during a walk in the woods. Upon closer examination, he discovered that the seeds had tiny hooks that allowed them to cling to the dog's fur. This observation led to the development of Velcro, a fastening system that mimics the natural mechanism of burdock seeds. Today, Velcro is used in a wide range of applications, from clothing and shoes to aerospace and medical devices.Case Study 2: Self-cleaning Surfaces。

形容糖果的英语单词Describing candies in English can be an exciting task, as candies themselves are vibrant, diverse, and often evoke strong emotions and memories. From their vibrant colors to their sweet, sour, bitter, or umami tastes, candies are a treat for all senses. Here are some detailed English words and phrases to describe various aspects of candies:1. Flavor:Sweet: The most common flavor associated with candies, described as "sweet" or "sugary".Sour: A sharp, tangy taste described as "tart" or "acidic".Bitter: A less common flavor in candies, described as "bitter" or "astringent".Savory: A more adult-oriented flavor, oftendescribed as "savory" or "umami".Fruity: Flavors mimicking specific fruits, such as "apple," "cherry," "strawberry," etc.Chocolate: A popular flavor described as "rich," "creamy," or "chocolatey".Mint: A cooling flavor described as "minty" or "fresh".2. Texture:Chewy: A texture that is elastic and requires some chewing effort, described as "chewy" or "gummy".Crunchy: A hard and brittle texture described as "crunchy" or "crispy".Soft: A tender and smooth texture described as "soft" or "mellow".Melty: A texture that melts easily in the mouth, often described as "melt-in-your-mouth" or "silky".3. Appearance:Vibrant: Colors that are bright and lively, described as "vibrant" or "vivid".Shiny: A reflective surface described as "shiny" or "glossy".Opaque: A dull, non-transparent color described as "opaque" or "matte".Multi-colored: A candy with multiple colors, often described as "rainbow" or "multicolored".4. Shape:Round: A shape that is circular or spherical, described as "round" or "spherical".Bar: A flat, rectangular shape described as "bar" or "slab".Heart: A shape resembling a heart, often given as a romantic gift.Animal: A shape模仿动物， such as a bear, dog, or cat, described as "animal-shaped" or "character-shaped".5. Ingredients:Sugar: The main component of most candies, described as "sugar-based" or "sweetened".Chocolate: A popular ingredient, often described as "chocolate-covered" or "chocolate-filled".Fruit: Natural fruit flavors or actual fruit pieces added for flavor and texture.Nuts: Additions like almonds, peanuts, or walnutsfor a crunchy texture and nutty flavor.6. Sentiment:Nostalgic: A candy that evokes memories or associations with the past, often described as "nostalgic" or "retro".Fun: A candy that is enjoyable and playful, often targeted towards children.Luxurious: A high-end candy, often with premium ingredients and packaging, described as "luxurious" or "premium".Describing candies in English is not just about their physical attributes but also about the emotional and cultural connections they evoke. From their sweet taste to their colorful packaging, candies are a multi-faceted treat that can be enjoyed by all ages.。

怎样防止病毒侵袭英语作文编写一篇关于“如何防止病毒侵袭”的英语作文确实是一个既实用又紧贴时代主题的任务。

这篇文章将结合科学防护、社会行为及个人卫生三个方面，全面阐述如何防止病毒的侵袭，具体内容如下：---。

Title: How to Prevent Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Guide。

In recent years, the world has been significantly impacted by outbreaks of various viruses, highlighting the critical need for effective strategies to prevent viral infections. This essay delves into the various methods by which individuals, communities, and healthcare systems can guard against viral threats, combining scientific approaches, social strategies, and personal hygiene practices.### 1. Understanding Viruses and Their Transmission。

Viruses are microscopic pathogens that require living cells to replicate. They can be transmitted through direct contact, respiratory droplets, and sometimes, contaminated surfaces. Understanding the modes of transmission is the first step in preventing infections. For example, respiratory viruses like influenza and SARS-CoV-2 primarily spread through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.### 2. Vaccination: The First Line of Defense。

金枪鱼手工粘土英语作文Tuna A Clay Sculpture Masterpiece.The allure of the ocean's depths has long captivated artists, inspiring them to capture its enigmatic beauty through various mediums. Among these, clay stands out as a versatile and expressive material, allowing skilled hands to mold and shape its pliable form into breathtaking representations of marine life. In this realm of clay sculpting, tuna, the swift and elusive predator of the open sea, emerges as a particularly captivating subject.Tuna, renowned for their sleek, torpedo-shaped bodies and incredible speed, pose a formidable challenge to clay artists seeking to translate their dynamic form into a static medium. Yet, through meticulous observation and a deep understanding of the fish's anatomy, seasoned sculptors have mastered the art of capturing the essence of this magnificent creature in clay.The creation of a tuna sculpture begins with a thorough study of its physical characteristics. The artist carefully observes the fish's overall shape, the subtle curves of its body, and the intricate details of its fins and tail. This in-depth analysis provides the foundation for thesculpture's form and proportions.With a clear understanding of the tuna's anatomy, the artist begins to mold and shape the clay. The process often starts with the creation of a basic armature, a wire or metal framework that provides support and stability to the clay sculpture. This armature ensures that the final piece will retain its shape and withstand the forces of gravity.The artist then carefully applies layers of clay to the armature, gradually building up the volume and defining the contours of the tuna's body. The clay must be pliable enough to allow for intricate sculpting, yet firm enough to hold its shape. Through a combination of carving, sculpting tools, and deft fingerwork, the artist meticulously crafts the details of the tuna's fins, tail, and scales.The creation of a realistic tuna sculpture requires a keen eye for detail and an ability to capture the subtle nuances of the fish's appearance. The artist must pay close attention to the texture and sheen of the tuna's skin, as well as the coloration and markings that vary depending on the species.When the sculpture has taken shape, the artist may choose to apply paint or other surface treatments to enhance the realism and depth of the piece. Acrylics, oils, or even metallic paints can be used to create a lifelike appearance, mimicking the iridescent scales and vibrant hues of the living tuna.The final product is a stunning tribute to the beauty and majesty of this marine predator. Whether displayed as a standalone piece or incorporated into a larger marine-themed installation, a tuna clay sculpture captures the imagination and transports viewers to the depths of the ocean.In the hands of a skilled artist, clay becomes atransformative medium, capable of capturing the grace, power, and enigmatic nature of the tuna. These sculptures serve not only as beautiful works of art but also as testaments to the boundless possibilities of artistic expression through clay.。

第 21 卷 第 8 期2023 年 8 月Vol.21，No.8Aug.，2023太赫兹科学与电子信息学报Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology石墨烯动态调控太赫兹表面等离激元张葆青，冯明明，张翼飞*，宋爱民(山东大学微电子学院，山东济南250100)摘要：太赫兹表面等离激元(SPPs)是利用亚波长周期性结构在太赫兹频段模拟的具有与可见光频段表面等离激元相似的光学特性的电磁波，分为传输型和局域型2种。

本文将石墨烯引入太赫兹表面等离激元结构作为动态激励源，通过外加偏压改变石墨烯的电导率，分别实现了对传输型表面等离激元的幅度、频率、相位和对局域表面等离激元共振强度的动态调控。

本文方法为表面等离激元的动态调控提供了新的思路，拓宽了表面等离激元在太赫兹频段的应用。

关键词：表面等离激元；太赫兹；石墨烯；动态调控中图分类号：TN29；O441.4文献标志码：A doi：10.11805/TKYDA2022163Active modulation of terahertz Surface Plasmons Polaritons with grapheneZHANG Baoqing，FENG Mingming，ZHANG Yifei*，SONG Aimin(School of Microelectronics，Shandong University，Jinan Shandong 250100，China)AbstractAbstract：：Terahertz(THz) Surface Plasmons Polaritons(SPPs) can mimic optical Surface Plasmons (SPs) and obtain similar optical properties with periodic sub-wavelength structures, which typicallyconsist of propagating SPPs and Localized Surface Plasmons(LSPs). In this work, graphene is utilized asthe active stimuli to dynamically control the amplitude, frequency, and phase of SPPs and reconfigure theresonant modes of LSPs at various bias voltages. Such design provides new solutions for active control ofSPPs and LSPs at THz frequencies.KeywordsKeywords：：Surface Plasmons Polaritons；terahertz；graphene；active modulation表面等离激元(SPPs)是金属和介质交界面上的自由电荷集体振荡形成的一种电磁表面波，具有局域电场增强和突破光学衍射极限的特点，在生物传感、超分辨力成像、高效光伏等领域应用广泛[1]。

来自大自然的发明作文英语80词The inventions from nature are truly remarkable, offering unique solutions to complex problems that humans face every day. 大自然中的发明确实非常神奇，为人类每天面临的复杂问题提供了独特的解决方案。

For example, the lotus leaf has inspired the creation of self-cleaning surfaces, as its micro-structures repel water and prevent dirt from sticking. 例如，荷叶启发了自清洁表面的发明，因为其微观结构可以排斥水并防止污垢粘附。

Additionally, the amazing properties of spider silk have influencedthe development of biodegradable materials that are lightweight, strong, and flexible. 此外，蜘蛛丝的惊人特性影响了生物降解材料的发展，这些材料既轻量又坚固，同时具有灵活性。

Nature's designs also serve as inspiration for engineering innovations, such as the aerodynamics of bird wings leading to the development of more efficient aircraft designs. 大自然的设计也成为工程创新的灵感来源，例如鸟翼的空气动力学特性促进了更高效飞行器设计的发展。

Moreover, biomimicry, the practice of emulating nature's designsand processes, has led to the creation of sustainable technologies and products that minimize environmental impact. 此外，仿生学，即模仿大自然的设计和过程，已经导致了创造出最大限度减少环境影响的可持续技术和产品。

儿茶酚及其衍生物的性质及应用刘蓉瑾【摘要】儿茶酚类化合物普遍存在于自然界,具有多功能性,可参与大多数生化进程.它具有较强的氧化还原性,pH响应性和显著的螯合性;而且儿茶酚中的邻位羟基可通过多种方式与不同材料相互作用,特别是与三价铁离子具有很强的螯合作用.由于儿茶酚类化合物性质的多样性,其可以存在于单分子体系、超分子体系、金属离子络合体系或通过共价键相连的聚合物.儿茶酚的多功能性使其参与多种自然过程,其作用表现在众多方面,从海洋生物的粘附性到对过渡金属的储存均得力于儿茶酚类化合物.由于儿茶酚性质的多样性,引起研究者们的广泛兴趣,近年来对其研究日益增多,旨在制备新型的功能性材料和涂层.%Catechols are found in nature taking part in a remarkably broad scope of biochemical processes and functions. They can establish reversible equilibria at moderate redox potentials and pHs and irreversibly cross-link through complex oxidation mechanisms. Their chelating properties can be greatly exemplified with the binding of Fe3+and the diverse modes of interaction of the vicinal hydroxyl groups with all kinds of surfaces of remarkably different chemical and physical nature. Thanks to this diversity, catechols are found to be present in simple molecular systems, with supramolacular struc-tures, metal ion complexing systems or polymers with covalent bonds. The versatilities, allowed cate-chols to participate in several natural processes and functions that range from the adhesive properties of marine organisms to store some transition metal ions. Therefore, catechol-based systems have in recent years beensubjected to intense research, and aimed at mimicking these natural systems in order to de-velop new functional materials and coatings.【期刊名称】《化学研究》【年(卷),期】2017(028)003【总页数】4页(P391-394)【关键词】儿茶酚基聚合物;3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸;降解性;配位作用;氧化还原性【作者】刘蓉瑾【作者单位】煤科集团沈阳研究院有限公司,辽宁沈阳110000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O631.3儿茶酚是一类带有邻羟基的酚类衍生物，在自然界中无处不在. 儿茶酚及其衍生物可作为活性生物质存在于多种环境中，呈现出显著的化学多样性. 设计合成儿茶酚基聚合物可应用于生物医药、分析化学、纳米技术和材料科学等领域，由于其独特的化学性质，为科学研究提供了更多的途径. 儿茶酚环的结构使其具有多功能性. 一方面，儿茶酚可作为一种弱酸具有反应活性，同时，也可作为一种氧化还原剂. 另一方面，邻位二羟基的存在使其可形成配位结构和氢键.根据儿茶酚的功能性，可概括地分为以下几类：1) 通过非共价键与多种基材表面键合，或与其他功能性基团形成共价键；2) 通过聚合或自组装作用形成2D或3D结构；3) 复合体系中，儿茶酚可作为连接位点，起到分子间的连接作用；4) 在特定条件下，含儿茶酚基的分子对外界刺激的响应具有可逆性.虽然其性质良好，但也存在缺点. 尽管从表面上看其反应条件简单、温和，但实际含儿茶酚基的化学反应具有挑战性，其化合物在反应前通常需要经过十分细致的处理.1.1 粘附性粘附性是儿茶酚及其衍生物一个非常重要的性质，其几乎可与任何化学性质的基材表面形成很强的粘附力，即使在玻璃、聚四氟乙烯等表面张力很小的材料表面也能形成较强的附着力. 儿茶酚与基材的作用形式可分为共价键和非共价键. 一些含有胺基或硫醇基团的特殊基材可通过迈克尔加成或席夫碱反应与儿茶酚基聚合物形成共价键. 另一方面，儿茶酚基聚合物还可通过与金属离子配位或螯合、氢键、π-π堆叠等非共价键[1-4]和基材相互作用. 通过对儿茶酚基的含量、附着性质和氧化条件对儿茶酚基聚合物粘附性的影响研究，发现粘附性大致随儿茶酚基的含量增加而成比例增加[5-6]. 与其他涂层材料比，牢固的粘附在有机或疏水材料表面是儿茶酚基聚合物最显著的优势.1.2 金属离子螯合性和氧化还原活性金属离子可与儿茶酚基衍生物中的醌、羧基、胺基和苯酚等多种官能团键合，而且在不同的pH下，金属离子可与不同的官能团键合形成多种络合物. FRONCISZ等报导可通过电子自旋共振光谱(ESR)检测Cu2+与儿茶酚基聚合物的螯合形式[7]，结果表明：1) pH<5时，Cu2+与羧基作用形成络合物；2) pH≈7时，Cu2+与酚羟基络合；3) 若pH进一步增加，Cu2+则与3个或4个N原子发生络合.除与金属离子螯合之外，儿茶酚基衍生物还可还原一些惰性金属离子，如Au3+，Ag+，Pt3+等，其氧化还原活性较强，还原条件温和，可作为一种还原剂. 在一定条件下，儿茶酚基先氧化成醌，再触发金属阳离子的还原. 通过X射线衍射图可以看出，在还原过程中，醌的峰强增加，而儿茶酚基的峰强减弱.1.3 化学反应活性儿茶酚类衍生物中含有多个官能团，如氨基、酚羟基、羧基等，可与较多的功能性分子发生化学反应. 聚合物中的儿茶酚基氧化成醌后，可与胺基作用发生席夫碱反应. 当含巯基的分子存在时，则会与儿茶酚基聚合物发生迈克尔加成反应. 而且，儿茶酚基与亲核试剂在水溶液中发生偶合，可保持良好的稳定性，解决了N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和顺丁烯二酰亚胺与含胺基或巯基的分子偶联时由于水解作用而导致偶联效率降低的问题.1.4 生物相容性和生物降解性生物相容性是判断一种材料是否适合应用于生物医药领域的重要因素. KU等证明儿茶酚基聚合物不会妨碍哺乳动物细胞的生长和繁殖[8]. 同时，许多研究表明含儿茶酚基的涂层可提高细胞在基材上的附着力，并促进其繁殖. 静脉注射儿茶酚基聚合物30 d后，监测实验动物的各项生理指标，结果表明在饮食、运动、消化和神经系统等多方面均未出现异常情况，而且其体重与对照组相比也有所增加. 生物降解性是生物医药领域材料的另一重要性质，外来物质在体内的长期留存必然会引起严重的不良反应. LANGER等对儿茶酚基聚合物的体内降解进行了研究，结果表明8 w后其在体内可完全降解[9]. 除此之外，微生物的存在也可使儿茶酚聚合物降解[10].2.1 生物医药方面的应用由于儿茶酚类衍生物良好的粘附性、生物相容性、生物降解性和化学反应活性，使其可用于制备聚合物膜、水凝胶、功能性支架等多种材料，广泛应用于生物医药领域.2.1.1 细胞的粘附、封装和排列在生物材料的应用中，细胞的保护和固定是非常重要的，同时实现过程也是非常复杂的. 近年来，大量文献报导，利用儿茶酚基聚合物良好的生物相容性，将细胞等生物性物质成功地固定在玻璃、聚苯乙烯、聚二甲基硅氧烷等多种基材上. YANG等在酵母细胞外涂覆一层聚多巴胺，形成壳将其封装在内部，成功实现了细胞在基材上的固定，并且控制了细胞的分裂，防止了细胞受到外界环境的影响[11]. 儿茶酚基聚合物的特殊性质使其可通过光刻法、微流控技术和微触印刷法实现细胞的有效排列，可克服体系成本高、基材受限、操作复杂、稳定性低等缺点.2.1.2 抗菌性应用细菌感染在医药、工业、食品安全等领域产生重要影响，严重威胁人类健康，甚至导致死亡. 抗菌材料的使用是防止细菌感染的有效手段，目前，已报道的抗菌材料主要有金属纳米粒子和半导体材料，虽然其具有较高的抗菌活性，但若实现应用于不同基材的表面仍然是一个挑战. 儿茶酚基聚合物对金属离子的还原性和其在多种基材表面的粘附性，使原位法制备抗菌材料成为可能. MESSERSMITH课题组在聚碳酸酯上涂覆一层儿茶酚基聚合物，并使银纳米粒子和接枝防腐蚀剂的PEG沉积在其表面，制得的复合材料不仅可以起到杀菌作用，而且能够有效防止细菌的附着[12]. MAO等用聚多巴胺修饰棉纤维，并用原位法将银离子还原成银纳米粒子，制备了抗菌性棉纤维[13].2.1.3 药物释放儿茶酚基聚合物囊泡由于良好的水溶性、生物相容性和生物降解性，可作为药物释放材料，而且其空腔和表面均可负载大量药物分子. 疏水抗癌药物可通过乳液模板法预压到囊泡中，模板除去后药物仍可完好地保存，并可通过调节聚合物囊泡的带电状态选择性负载药物，药物负载量与溶液的pH和负载分子的带电性相关.2.2 传感器方面的应用电化学生物传感器由于具有操作简单、敏感性高、选择性好和线性范围宽等优点，迅速发展. 基于多巴和多巴胺等儿茶酚基化合物的粘附性和生物相容性，可为生物分子的高密度固定提供合适的微环境，并可长期保持其生物活性. 因此，众多研究致力于制备高效的儿茶酚基生物传感器.2.2.1 有机分子检测ZHANG等通过电聚合使多巴胺在固定了辣根过氧化酶(HRP)的双层脂质膜上形成聚合物膜，制备了一种可再生传感器，用于快速检测痕量H2O2[14]. 利用儿茶酚基衍生物的氧化还原性和与金属离子的配位作用，可制备金纳米粒子/导电聚合物复合材料检测抗坏血酸，该传感器具有高敏感性、较宽的线性检测范围、长期稳定性和良好的抗干扰能力. 根据这一方法还可制备铂纳米粒子复合材料用于检测尿酸[15]. 在电泳的协助下，这种传感体系可用于同时检测小鼠体内的多巴胺、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和血清素.2.2.2 生物分子检测近年来，许多文献报导儿茶酚基电化学传感器用于生物分子检测，其中一个很重要的方面就是对糖类的检测. GAO等用聚多巴胺修饰的碳纳米管制备了葡萄糖电化学生物传感器[16]. 聚多巴胺涂层不仅可以保护碳纳米管的电子结构，提高其稳定性，还可促进葡萄糖氧化酶与电极之间的电子转移. FU等首次直接使用儿茶酚基聚合物构建了聚合物-酶-金属纳米粒子复合传感体系[17]. 与其他传感器相比，酶被直接封装在聚合物内，避免了与外界的直接接触，提高了传感器的稳定性. 这种传感器可达到微摩尔级检测极限，可有效抗尿酸、抗坏血酸、扑热息痛和谷胱甘肽的干扰，在葡萄糖和半乳糖检测中具有较高的稳定性. 除了使用酶之外，基于葡萄糖与硼酸衍生物、凝集素等物质间的生物相互作用也可实现选择性检测.2.2.3 重金属离子检测WANG等基于胸腺嘧啶-Hg2+-胸腺嘧啶的配位化学作用，用聚多巴胺制备了检测Hg2+的电化学生物传感器[18]. 基于聚多巴胺对金属离子的吸附作用，ZHOU 等用聚多巴胺和Fe3O4制备了具有核壳结构的纳米粒子，用于检测Pb(II)和Ca(II)[19]. 实验证明聚多巴胺涂层可有效吸附铅离子和钙离子，而且可将金属离子还原成金属沉积在电极的表面，导致明显的电流变化，这种方法显示出更高的敏感性、更好的抗干扰能力、低成本和较好的稳定性.2.3 水处理方面的应用由于重金属、合成染料和芳香族化合物等工业污染物严重威胁自然环境和人类健康，对工业废水的净化要求与日俱增，获得一种高效的水净化方法是研究者们努力的方向. 工业中，化学沉淀、吸附、光催化降解和膜过滤等方式均可用于污染物的脱除. 在这些方法中，吸附由于其具有低成本、易操作和无副产物等优点被认为是最有效的方式而广泛应用. 吸附剂需要与污染物存在多个结合位点才能获得较高的吸附率. 儿茶酚基聚合物中存在儿茶酚基、胺基、羧基和苯环等大量官能团，作为吸附剂可提供大量的活性结合位点，通过静电作用、螯合作用、氢键或π-π堆积作用吸附重金属离子和有机污染物. 除活性位点外，表面积也是影响吸附效果的重要因素.将高表面积的石墨烯和多活性位点的儿茶酚基聚合物相结合，必然会获得较高的吸附效率[20].儿茶酚类衍生物可作为活性生物质存在于多种环境中，由于其具有粘附性、化学反应活性、金属离子螯合性、氧化还原活性、生物相容性和降解性等多种理化性质，使得其广泛的应用于功能材料的制备. 设计合成儿茶酚基聚合物可应用于生物医药、分析化学、纳米技术和材料科学等领域，显示了其独特的化学功能，也为科学研究提供了更多的途径. 由于儿茶酚基聚合物的独特性质，使其易于与其他材料相结合，以制备具有特殊功能的聚合物材料. 儿茶酚基聚合物的研究领域必将有一个光明的未来，经过长期的研究，儿茶酚基聚合物将为克服长期以来科学实践中的挑战提供新的途径.【相关文献】[1] SAIZ-POSEU J, FARAUDO J, FIGUERAS A, et al. 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