长沙市雅礼中学2005届高三五月第一次模拟

2025届湖南省长沙雅礼中学高三第一次模拟考试语文试卷注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。

2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。

3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。

1、阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。

中国在2001年前几乎没有世界级的超算产品，因为构建一整套全球顶级的超算系统，也并非堆砌处理器这么简单。

中国超算研发的全面崛起，是建立在强有力的计算个体芯片、先进的运算管理技术和可靠的操作系统支持基础之上的。

芯片无疑是超级计算机的核心部分，一台超算产品至少装有几千枚甚至数万枚CPU和GPU芯片，同时配备特殊的操作系统，负责管理这些芯片之间如何合作，进行一系列复杂的运算，才能真正使之拥有十分可靠的强大算力。

国防科技大学分别在2010和2013年建造的“天河一号”和“天河二号”超级电脑，都曾登顶世界超算TOP500榜单，两者都主要使用Intel和AMD提供的芯片。

2015年4月，美国政府宣布制裁中国四家超算中心，禁止向中国超算中心出售Intel的Xeon Phi超算芯片。

天河二号就因为美国的制裁，耽搁了升级计划，不得已调整技术路线，并且采用国产矩阵2000替换Intel的Xeon Phi。

但这无法阻止中国超算研发的强势崛起。

2017年，广州超算中心宣布使用国产矩阵2000芯片，升级了天河二号超算系统，并成功实现算力翻倍。

而神威·太湖之光超级计算机起初就安装了40960个中国自主研发的“申威26010”众核处理器，而且性能不俗。

多年以来，计算机CPU芯片一直遵循摩尔定律进行升级迭代。

但摩尔定律也是有极限的，集成电路上的元器件已经足够小，己经逼近“原子尺度”了。

很难再延续过往路径进行升级迭代。

这个时候，就要想办法挖掘计算机的系统潜力。

在挖掘计算机系统潜力方面有两个思维路径：一个是阿里方案，一个是联想方案。

语文命题人：湖南雅礼中学高级教师戴士心说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷两部分。

满分150分。

考试时间150分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共42分）一、（18分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点字的读音，完全不同的一组是（）A．悼．念泥淖．桨棹．绰．绰有余掉．以轻心B．蝎．子谒．见揭．发歇．斯底里竭．尽全力C．洪．水拱．让供．奉哄．堂大笑烘．云托月D．汲．水吸．取极．顶岌岌．．可危负笈．从师2．下列词语中没有错别字的一组是（）A．申冤走途无路励精图治欲加之罪，何患无辞B．妨碍养尊处优矢口否认道不同不相为谋C．陷井焕然一新气宇轩昂醉翁之意不在酒D．厮守混淆视听咎由自取麻雀虽小，肝胆具全3．下列各句中加点的熟语，使用正确的是( )A．春节期间，虽然不少电脑公司推出了最新版的杀毒软件，但各种病毒还是乘虚而入，令人防不胜防，真可谓“道高一尺，魔高一．．．．．．．．丈．”。

B．当今社会，对知识的追求热潮一浪高过一浪。

我们必须认真学习，掌握本领，不然身无长物．．．．，将无法适应新时代的要求。

C．伊拉克大选之后，美国一再宣布要将权力移交给伊拉克新政府，其实，司马昭之心．．．．．——路人皆知．．．．，它最终是想借助一个傀儡政权来控制伊拉克丰富的石油资源。

D．前不久在印度洋发生的大地震引发了海啸，这给印度尼西亚的亚齐省造成了重创，致使生灵涂炭．．．．，不少难民流离失所。

4．下列各句中没有语病的一句是（）A．人们普遍担心，迟早要出现的克隆人将从根本上改变人类数百万年的两性生殖方式，使人类在伦理、道德、法律等方面遭遇巨大挑战。

B．目前，集市上出现了少数人欺行霸市，哄抬物价，甚至殴打工商管理人员，严重损害了广大群众的切身利益，因此，整顿集市秩序是当务之急。

C．权威人士强调：国内接连发生特大煤矿爆炸事件，各级各类主管部门必须加强防范意识，尽量防止此类事件不再发生。

D．改革开放20多年的经验告诉我们：安定团结的政治局面是我国社会主义现代化建设得以顺利推进的保证，也是成败的关键。

2008届雅礼中学五月第一次模拟考试理科综合本试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题)1至4页，第Ⅱ卷5至10页。

全卷共300分。

考试时间150分钟。

第Ⅰ卷(共21小题，每小题6分，共126分)注意事项:1.答题前,务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上.2.答选择题时,必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号.3.考试结束后,将试题卷和答题卡一并交回.以下数据可供解题时参考:相对原子质量:H-1 Ba-137 O—16 C—12 S—32 Na-23 Al-27一、选择题(本题包括13小题。

每小题只有一个选项．．．．．．符合题意)1、下列细胞器在其生命活动过程中均既需要消耗水又可产生水的是①核糖体②叶绿体③中心体④线粒体A．①②④B．④C．②④D．③④2、以下二倍体生物的细胞中含有两个染色体组的是①有丝分裂中期细胞②有丝分裂后期细胞③减数第一次分裂中期细胞④减数第二次分裂中期⑤减数第一次分裂后期细胞⑥减数第二次分裂后期细胞A．①②③B．①③⑤C．①③⑤⑥D．①④⑤⑥3、下图是生态系统能量流动的图解，对此图解的理解有误差的是A．B营养级的生物个体数量不一定比A少B．若M表示各营养级所含的能量，当MA <5MB时，生态系统将会崩溃C．B摄入的能量即为B的同化量D．A的能量大于B、C、D之和4、某种药物可以阻断蟾蜍屈肌反射活动。

下图为该反射弧的模式图。

A、B为神经纤维上的实验位点，C为突触间隙。

下列实验结果中，能够证明这种药物“在神经系统中仅对神经细胞间的兴奋传递有阻断作用”的是①将药物放在A，刺激B，肌肉收缩②将药物放在B，刺激A，肌肉收缩③将药物放在C，刺激B，肌肉不收缩④将药物放在C，刺激A，肌肉收缩A．①③B．②③C．①④D．②④5、下列四图分别表示：①由甲转向乙时，所观察到的细胞数目增多；②两个胚芽鞘将弯向同一方向；③蛙的个体发育；④胃蛋白酶的活性与pH值的关系，其中图文相符的是A．①③B．②③C．②④D．①④6、下列说法中错误的是①皂化、硝化、水化、风化、钝化等都是化学变化②干馏、分馏、渗析、盐析都是物理变化③甘油不是油，纯碱不是碱，酚醛树脂不是酯，干冰不是冰④有化学键断裂的变化是化学变化⑤0.05 mol熔融的KHSO4中含有阳离子的数目为0.1 N A（N A表示阿伏加德罗常数）⑥金属氧化物一定不是酸性氧化物⑦由不同种原子构成的纯净物一定是化合物⑧电能与化学能的相互转化过程中一定有新物质产生⑨分子晶体的化学键越强，其熔、沸点就越高A、①③④⑤⑨B、①②④⑥⑧⑨C、②④⑤⑥⑦⑨D、②③⑤⑦⑧7、将一定体积的某NaOH溶液分成两等份，一份用PH=2的一元酸HA溶液中和，消耗酸溶液的体积为V1；另一份用PH=2的一元酸HB溶液中和，消耗酸溶液体积为V2，则下列叙述正确的是A、若V1＞V2，则说明HA的酸性比HB的酸性弱B、若V1＞V2，则等物质的量浓度的NaA溶液碱性比NaB溶液碱性弱C、不论两种酸是强是弱，因为溶液PH相等，中和碱时所耗体积V1=V2D、若将两种溶液等体积混合，混合液的PH一定等于28、下列离子方程式书写正确的是A、Na2S溶液水解：S2－＋2H2O H2S＋2OH－B、硝酸铁溶液中加入过量的氢碘酸：2Fe3++2I—=2Fe2++I2C、常温时偏铝酸钠溶液pH＞7：AlO2-＋2H2O Al(OH)3↓＋OH－D、等物质的量的FeBr2和Cl2反应：2Fe2+ + 2Br—+ 2Cl2 = 2Fe3+ + Br2 + 4Cl—9、40℃时，等质量的两份饱和石灰水，一份冷却至10℃，另一份加少量CaO并保持温度仍为40℃，这两种情况下都不改变的是A、Ca(OH)2的溶解度B、溶液的质量C、溶质的质量分数D、溶液中Ca2+数目10、下列条件下，两瓶气体所含原子数一定相等的是A、同质量、同体积的C2H4和C3H6B、同温度、同体积的N2和H2C、同体积、同密度N2和NOD、同体积、同压强的N2O和CO211、某电解池内盛有某电解质溶液，插入两根电极，通电后欲达到下列要求：①阳极质量不变②阴极质量增加③电解液pH变小。

2015年雅礼中学高三数学第一次模拟考试英语本试卷分为四个部分，包括听力、语言知识运用、阅读和书面表达。

时量120分钟。

满分150分。

PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30 marks)（略）PART TWO LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE (45 marks)Section A (15 marks)Directions: For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21. Accustomed to climbing trees, ______.A. I had no difficulty reaching the topB. reaching the top was not hard to me at allC. the top was not difficult for me to reachD. to reach the top was not a problem22. Tobacco taxes prevent people from taking up the habit as teens, _____ is when nearly all smokers are addicted.A. thatB. itC. whatD. which23. US forces will be out of the country by the time Obama _____ office in 2017.A. leavesB. will leaveC. will have leftD. is going to leave24. The man , _____ to have studied in US for 8 years, is coming to give us a lecture next Monday.A. saying B to say C. says D. said25. Do you know ___they are getting on well with their study?A. whetherB. howC. whatD. when26. –What about today’s temperature?-- It’s the same as, if the weather report is exact a s usual, ___ of yesterday.A. oneB. itC. thatD. what27.--When did you decide to be a doctor?--Let’s see. I am twenty, and I ____to be one since ten years ago.A. have wantedB. wantedC. had been wantingD. was wanting28. The violin will have to be carefully tuned before it ____.A. can be playedB. is being playedC. should playD. plays29. ____ that the pilot couldn’t fly through it.A. The storm was such severeB. So severe was the stormC. So was the severe stormD. Such was the storm severe30. Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ____in the past.A. not being takenB. didn’t takeC. were not takenD. haven’t taken31. Just before they landed, the hostess suggested ____ his passport ready.A. Jack to haveB. Jack hadC. Jack haveD. Jack would have32. A study found that young men were more likely than young women ____ depression given the same amount of media use.A. had developedB. developingC. to developD. developed33. This is not a good plant for your garden ____ its seeds are poisonous.A. whileB. so thatC. in caseD. in that34. Knowing how to think clearly and to speak correctly____ one confidence.A. giveB. givesC. has givenD. is given35. President Barack Obama announced plans for bringing America’s longest war to ______ he called a responsible end.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. whereSection B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Night after night, she came to tuck (将棉被盖好) me in, even long after my childhood years. Following her longstanding 36 , she'd lean down and push my long hair out of the way, then kiss my forehead.I don't remember when it first started 37 me---her hands pushing my hair that way. But it did annoy me, for they felt work-worn and 38 against my young skin. Finally, one night, I shouted out at her, "Don't do that anymore----your hands are too rough!" She didn't say anything in reply. But never again did my mother 39 out my day with that familiar expression of her love.Time after time; with the passing years, my thoughts returned to that night. By then I missed my mother's 40 , missed her goodnight kiss on my forehead. Sometimes the incident 41 very close, sometimes far away. But always it lurked (潜伏), in the back of my mind.Well, the years have passed, and I'm not a little girl anymore. Mom is in her mid-seventies, and those hands I once thought to be so rough are still doing things for me and my 42 . She's been our doctor, reaching into a medicine case for the treatment to 43 a young girl's stomach or relieve the boy's scraped (擦伤) knee. She cooks the best fried chicken in the world …gets 44 out of blue jeans....Now, my own children am grown and gone. Mom no longer has Dad, and on 45 occasions, I find myself drown next door to spend the night with her. So it was late on Thanksgiving Eve. As I slept in the bedroom of my youth, a familiar hand hesitantly 46 my face to brush the hair from my forehead. Then a kiss, ever so 47 , touched my brow.36. A. thought B. track C. advice D. custom37. A. annoying B. disappointing C. delighting D. interesting38. A. warm B. cold C. rough D. comfortable39. A. let B. close C. make D. work40. A. hands B. kiss C. face D. hair41. A. tasted B. sounded C. looked D. seemed42. A. husband B. family C. son D. daughter43. A. wash B. overcome C. calm D. affect44. A. brands B. stripes C. colors D. stains45. A. forgetful B. special C. good D. complex46. A. came out B. came across C. ran across D. ran out47. A. gently B. suddenly C. heavily D. deliberatelySection C Directions: Complete the following passage by using ONE word that fits the context. During my childhood many years ago，a hero was pictured in my mind as the strong and thepowerful ，such as a superman, but 48 time goes by and my knowledge grows wider, the definition of a hero changes 49 a superman to Jesus Christ. In my opinion, a hero should have a modest characteristic，treat others with love and have the ability to change the world.Heroes are also ordinary men 50 they do extraordinary things for others out of the vast love 51 they have in heroes' heart. When God created the world, God gave everyone a lovely heart for a chance to become a hero. 52 people need to do is to spare out the love to become heroes, but this world only has not so 53 heroes.Who doesn't like to give orders to other people? Who likes to be a servant treated like a dog? Everyone wants to get to a higher position. The employee wants to be a manager. The senator(参议员) wants to be the president. The higher status will have 54 stronger power. No one will refuse to own the driver seat. So a hero must have the ability to be in the rank(职位). The hero doesn't have to take the power，but to get to a higher rank is one way to get ability of changing the world. If the hero can not change the world，he is 55 a normal man with a modest characteristic and kind love. Besides, a hero should be ready to help others.PART THREE: READING COMPREHENSIONDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.ACOOL INVENTIONSFor light sleepersMillions of people have trouble falling asleep each night, which is why Light Sleeper was created.Developed in the United Kingdom, Light Sleeper's makers say it can help a person fall asleep and also help a person fall back to sleep after waking up in the middle of the night.Light Sleeper works by projecting (投射) a light onto the ceiling while the person is lying down. The idea is to watch the light, because the light moving in a circle has a relaxing effect.One of the advantages of the product is that it won't disturb other people in the room. The product can be easily moved and will switch itself off after 30 minutes to save power.Stop the snoring (打鼾)Here's a new product designed to slow down the frequency and level of your snoring. The Snore Stopper has a sensitive instrument that will detect when you're snoring. Once it does that, it will send a very mild electronic signal to your wrist. This consequently changes your sleeping position to stop you from snoring. The Snore Stopper; won't cause any damage to your body.Get your true colorsPhotoshop features a pen that will copy the color settings of what you are monitoring onscreen to use as a color in your program. Now an off-line product allows you to pick a color when not using the computer software.The Color Picker is a concept pen. After placing the pen against an object, the user just presses the scan button. Color sensors (感应器) inside the pen send information to a box, which then mixes red, green and blue to produce the desired ink color.Keep it freshMore high technology products are showing up in the kitchen. A new Bagel dome (圆顶形物)advertises that it will keep your baked goods fresher for longer periods of time. The product, which is able to remove air, works for bread rolls, cakes and other perishables. To use it, you just push a button at the top.56. How can Light Sleeper help a person fall asleep?A. Its light makes people feel calm.B. It doesn't make any noise.C. It is fixed on the ceiling.D. Its light moves fast.57. What do we know about the Snore Stopper?A. It will cause slight damage to a person's body.B. It will wake a person up once he starts snoring.C. It can make sure a person doesn't snore all night.D. It can make a person snore less by changing his sleeping position.58. The Color Picker will probably be used while you're .A. using the computerB. drawing picturesC. collecting informationD. designing a program59. The underlined word "perishables" in the last paragraph refers to foods which .A. are easy to keepB. go bad easilyC. are rich in vitaminsD. keep you thin60. It can be learned from the passage that .A. the Color Picker is convenient to useB. Light Sleeper was designed by an AmericanC. the Bagel dome mainly serves as decorationD. few people would like to try the Snore StopperBAmerican kids are taking more tests than ever before, and they're stressed out. Is help on the way? Just the sight of a test booklet makes some kids sweat. For others, it is a blank answer sheet. Then there are the dreaded words, "Take out your Number 2 pencil." All these fill 10-year-old Chelsea Logo with fear. "I start to tap my pencil on the desk," says the fifth grader from Toluca Lake Elementary, near Los Angeles, California. "Then I feel the butterflies in my stomach."Chelsea is not alone. In a recent survey by Kids Health£.org, more than 70% of kids aged 9 to 13 said they worry about tests. It's no wonder. Across the United States, public schools give more than 250 million standardized tests each year.Why do kids have to take so many tests? The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law requires that students in grades 3 through 8 be tested each year. The law's goal is for all students to be at grade level by 2014. Students must pass the tests and meet other requirements or their schools may be shut down.The U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan wants to change NCLB. But that doesn't mean hefavors getting rid of tests. Duncan believes tests should be used mainly to evaluate kids' strengths and weaknesses. Tests, Duncan says, should not be used to punish kids or their schools for failure. "The goal is to focus on great teaching and learning," Duncan said.Under NCLB, each state sets its own standards for students to meet. The result, Duncan says, is that states are making the tests easier. To fix this problem, 48 states are now working together to create common standards. "I want to set a high bar for kids, " Duncan says, "so they'll be in great shape to achieve their dreams."Like them or not, tests are here to stay. So how can you handle test nerves? Schools are teaching students to relax through. deep breathing. and stretching (伸展运动) . In Oakland, California, Principal Zarina Ahmad of Piedmont Avenue Elementary leads her students in a cheer to get them excited about learning."Kids are under high pressure," says Ahmad. "There has to be time for kids to be kids. Still, we need tests to help us assess what students have yet to learn."61. The underlined part "the butterflies in my stomach" can be replaced by .A. guiltyB. nervousC. excitingD. proud62. According to the passage, the NCLB law .A. is focusing on teaching methods in schoolsB. is requiring schools to make the tests more difficultC. is trying to make schools be responsible for studentsD. aims to evaluate kids' strengths and weaknesses by means of tests63. We can learn from the passage that Arne Duncan .A. is strongly against testsB. suggests closing some schoolsC. is concerned about students' developmentD. suggests each state set its own standard64. We can learn from the last two paragraphs that .A. it's possible to get rid of testsB. schools have no good way to deal with students' stressC. tests help assess what students have to learnD. schools are aware of students' stress caused by tests65. What would be the best title of the passage?A. Why kids are more stressed than before?B. Kids' tips for test successC. How to deal with test stressD. Put kids to the standardized testCScientists are fond of running the evolutionary clock backward, using DNA analysis and the fossil record to figure out when our ancestors stood straight and split off from the rest of the primate evolutionary tree. But the clock is running forward as well. So where are humans headed? Here's a thoughtless assessment of possible paths, ranging from similar humans to alien-looking hybrids bred for interstellar (星际的) travel.Different populations of a species have to be separated from each other in order for thosepopulations to diverge into separate species. Populations are increasingly in contact with each other，leading to greater gene-mixing. It's believable that separate species would appear. Evolution is still at work and the trend may well be accelerating. Cultural diversity is fading as human society becomes more interconnected globally.The radical king of evolution moves much more quickly than biological evolution. High-tech improvements are ranging from Supermen, to camera-equipped flying drones（遥控飞机）, to pills that keep soldiers going without sleep or food for days. To date, genetic medicine has focused on therapies that work on only one person at a time. The effects of those therapies aren't carried on to future generations. Tinkering with the germline could conceivably produce a superhuman species in a single generation-but could also conceivably create a race of monsters.Today the rapid pace of cybernetic(计算机控制论的) change has led to worry that artificial intelligence may outpace human’s natural smarts. In some fields, artificial intelligence has already bested human. We're already making machines that can be assimilated (同化) including artificial limbs, mechanical hearts, and artificial retinas (视网膜).If humans survive long enough, there's one sure way to grow new branches on our evolutionary family tree: by spreading out to other planets. If humans established a permanent settlement on other planets, the radically different living conditions would change the evolutionary equation (方程式) What will be inconceivable millions of years from now? Two intelligent species, human and machine, definitely work together to spread life through the universe.66. Scientists study the evolution according to .A. different populations of a speciesB. DNA analysis and the fossil recordC. cultural diversity and greater gene-mixingD. high-tech enhancements and biological evolution67. Which is NOT true about human beings' evolution?A. New species will appear.B. Human's evolution is faster than biological evolutionC. Cultures will become more colorful.D. The evolution might create a race of monsters.68. What's the meaning of the underlined word "therapies" in Paragraph 3?A. Treatments.B. Diseases.C. Medicines.D. Theories.69. What might bring threat to human beings?A. Supermen.B. Monsters.C. Alien.D. Artificial intelligence.70. Which of the following must happen in the future?A. Humans survive long enough.B. Humans spread out to other planets.C. Human and machine work together.D. Living conditions change the evolutionary equation.PART FOUR WRITING (45 marks)SECTION A (10 marks)Directions：Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Computers completely rule the life of an average student in any corner of the world in the formof hand-held devices, or printed textbooks (thanks to the use of computers in printing). What follows are some instances of the use of computers in education.Without computers, learning would be restricted within the walls of institutions. Knowledge and education are being empowered, and the best way to make them accessible to everyone is through computers. Working professionals, stay-at-home parents, senior citizens, even curious minds benefit from online education. E-Learning is accessible and people can afford it.We all know how learning about the depth of the Mariana Trench in geography class can be a little boring for young children. However, by introducing the audio-visual method of learning, computers have made education interesting. As communication systems enhance, education will change for the better-computers will make our children more curious, because they know that the answers to their questions are at hand.The Internet is now what once used to be the library. What’s more, it is easier to access, al ong with being a convenient and fairly reliable source of information.Computers have more or less eliminated paperwork in the administration section of education. Thanks to websites, we can do away with printing brochures, application forms, admission and other administrative documents, resulting in procedures that are cost-effective and environment- friendly.Unfortunately, computer technology has also brought about easier means for students to cheat on their homework. Since most homework is typed, teachers cannot rely on comparing different forms of handwriting. In addition, students can merely copy work from the Internet. So students should make good use of computers and teacher and parents should monitor and educate them too.Anyway, there is no questioning over the impact of computers in education; their usage has completely revolutionized the way education is received, communicated and processed. In the years to come, more changes are expected; changes that will further refine the field of education.SECTION B (10 marks)Directions：Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.World-famous politician and civil rights hero Nelson Mandela died on December 5 at age 95. For many years, Mandela fought to end racial segregation in his home country of South Africa. He became a hero to the many all across the world.In the 1950s, Rolihlahla "Nelson" Mandela became the leader of a group in South Africa called the African National Congress (ANC). The group fought to end racial segregation. This put Mandela at the top of the government’s enemies list. He often had to live in hideouts and wear disguises. Activists like him were often beaten or murdered.Mandela was accused of trying to overthrow the state in 1964 and sentenced to life in prison. But even there Mandela fought for justice. His struggle to change South Africa-even from inside prison-became famous across the world. He wrote repeatedly to South African President F.W. de Klerk, asking to talk. With protests growing, the President agreed. For years, De Klerk met with Mandela and other black leaders in secret to talk about how to solve South Africa’s problems.In 1990, De Klerk announced the end of racial segregation. Mandela, then 71 years old, was finally allowed to walk free after spending 27 years prison.In 1993, Mandela, President de Klerk, and other South African leaders wrote a new constitution for the country. This document described a new vision for the nation, and promised equality to all South Africans. The same year, Mandela and De Klerk won the Nobel Peace Prize for their work. Mandela was elected President in the following year, when blacks were allowed to vote for the first time. He served as his country’s f irst black President from 1994 to 1999. After his presidency ended, Mandela continued to fight political and cultural problems he thought were important. To the many, Mandela will always be a symbol for peace, justice, and equality.81. What was the aim of the African National Congress?(No more than 6 words)82. When did Mandela win the Nobel Peace Prize?(No more than 3 words)83. How did Mandela fight for justice when he was in prison?(No more than 12 words)84. What kind of person is Mandela in people’s eyes?(No more than 12 words)SECTION C (25 marks)85. Directions ：Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.假设你现在是一名大一的学生。

雅礼中学2015届高三年级第一次模拟考试数 学 (文科)( 时量：120分钟，满分：150分)一、选择题（本大题共10个小题，每题5分，共50分）1．设集合}02|{=+=x x A ,集合}04|{2=-=x x B ,则=B A （ ） A ．{2}- B ．{2} C ．{2,2}- D ．∅ 【答案】A2．复数2(1)z i =+的实部是A ．2B ．1C ．0D ．1- 【答案】C3．命题“042,2≤+-∈∀x x R x ”的否定为（ ）A ．042,2≥+-∈∀x x R xB ．042,2>+-∈∃x x R xC ．042,2≤+-∉∀x x R x D.042,2>+-∉∃x x R x【答案】B.4．为了得到函数3y x =的图象，可以将函数x x y 3cos 3sin +=的图象（ ）A ．向右平移12π个单位长 B ．向右平移4π个单位长C ．向左平移12π个单位长D ．向左平移4π个单位长【答案】A5．某几何体的三视图如图所示，且该几何体的体积是3，则正视图中的x 的值是A ．2B ．92C ．32D ．3【答案】D6．已知在平面直角坐标系xOy 上的区域D 由不等式组1222x y x y ≤≤⎧⎪≤⎨⎪≤⎩给定．目标函数25z x y =+-的最大值为（ ）A ．1B ．0C ．1-D ．5- 【答案】A7．设在△ABC 中，3AB BC ==，30ABC ∠=︒， AD 是边BC 上的高，则AD AC ⋅的值等于（ ） A.0 B.94 C.4 D.94- 【答案】B 【解析】：由于,()cos ,AC BC BA AD AC AD BC BA AD BA AD BA =-∴⋅=⋅-=-⋅⋅<>.由于031,3,cos ,cos12022AD BA AD BA ==<>==-.所以AD AC ⋅=94.故选B.8．六个面都是平行四边形的四棱柱称为平行六面体。

长沙市雅礼中学2005届高三五月第一次模拟数学（理科类）参考答案命题人： 石向阳卷面共150分．考试时间120分钟．一. 选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1、D2、A3、B4、B5、D6、A7、C8、B9、B10、B 二. 填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共200分。

把答案填在题中横线上。

11．x y 4sin =； 12.43π； 13、)(314321S S S S R +++； 14、⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥+-≤-≥02201y x x y ； 15、9，—1. (前3分后2分)三. 解答题：本大题共6小题，共80分。

解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤。

16.（12分）17． （本小题满分12分）（1）解：ξ可能取的值为3，4，5，6，当ξ=3时，即取出的3只球中的最大号码的为3，其他两球的编号只能是1，2。

22361(3)20C P C ξ∴===；当ξ=4时，即取出的3只球中的最大号码的为4，其他两球的编号只能在编号为1,2,3的3个球中取出2个，故有23363()20C P C ξ===；当ξ=5时，即取出的3只球中的最大号码的为5，其他两球的编号只能在编号为1,2,3,4的4个球中取分或时，原不等式的解集为－）当（分原不等式的解集为时，原不等式＝－）当（分分故分12}02|{229}0|{00)2(2170))(2(0))(2(402)2()12(2)12(22),(),,1(2222 >-<<<>>⇔>+⇔>-+⇔>-+⇔>+-+⇔+>+⇔+•>+•=-+=•∴-+==x x m x m x x x x x m m x x x x m x x xx m x x m x b a m b a x x x x b a x x x b x a出2个，故有24363()10C P C ξ===；当ξ=6时，即取出的3只球中的最大号码的为6，其他两球的编号只能在编号为1,2,3,4,5的5个球中取出2个，故有25361()2C P C ξ===, ……5分所以，ξ的分布列为ξ 34 56P12032031012（2）解：由（1），ξ的数学期望为13313456 5.252020102E ξ=⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯= ……10分 （3）解：由（1），“4ξ>”的概率为(4)(5)(6)0.8P P P ξξξ>==+== ……12分18．本小题满分12分.解 方法一：（1）当11=PBPA 时，PC ⊥AB. 取AB 的中点D '连结DC '、D P '， ABC ∆ 为正三角形，AB D C ⊥'∴………1分当P 为A 1B 中点时，.//1A A D P '……………………2分⊥A A 1 底面ABC ⊥'∴D P 底面ABC.………………3分AB PC ⊥∴（三垂线定理）.……………………4分 （2）当321=PB P A 时，过P 作PD ⊥AB 于D ， 则PD ⊥底面ABC. 过D 作DE ⊥AC 于E ，连结PE ，则PE ⊥AC ，∠∴DEP 为二面角P —AC —B 的平面角.………………6分 又.52,23,//11a AD PA BP DA BD A A PD =∴==∴.53235260sin a a AD DE =⋅=︒⋅=∴…………7分又,53,531a PD A A PD =∴=3tan ==∠∴DEPDPED . ︒=∠∴60PED ……………………8分（3）设C 1到面PAC 的距离为d ， 则C A PD A A PD V V ACC P PAC C 11//,//,11平面∴=-- …9分∴DE 即为P 点到面A 1C 的距离.又,532)53()53(2222a a a DE PD PE =+=+=a a d a a DE S d S ACC PAC 53)21(31)53221(31,313121⋅=⋅⋅⋅=⋅∴∆∆即…………10分 .2a d = 即C 1和平面PAC 的距离为.21a ……………………12分方法二：建立空间直角坐标系如图所示，则)0,23,2(),,0,0(),0,0,(1a a C a A a B ， 设).,0,(z x P ………………………………1分（1）由,0)0,0,(),23,2(,0=⋅--=⋅a z a a x AB CP 得………………3分 即.2,0)2(ax a a x =∴=⋅- ∴P 为A 1B 的中点，即.,11AB PC PB P A ⊥=时…………4分（2）当),0,(32),0,(,32,3211z x a a z x PB P A PB P A --=-==得由时， 即).53,0,52(.53,52.2)(3,223aa P a y a x z a z x a x ∴⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧==⎩⎨⎧-=--=………………5分设平面PAC 的法向量⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=⋅=⋅'''=.0,0),,,(AC n AP n z y x n 则 即⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=⋅'''=⋅'''.0)0,23,2(),,(,0)53,0,52(),,(a a z y x a a z y x即,3.0232,05352='⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧='⋅+'='+'⋅x y a x a z a x a 取 则.2,3-='-='z y ).2,3,3(--=∴…………6分又平面ABC 的法向量为.21142,cos ),1,0,0(0000-=⨯-=>=<∴=n n n ︒=︒-︒=--∴60120180B AC P 二面角………………8分（3）设C 1到平面PAC 的距离为d ，则|||,cos |||111n C C d =><⋅=10分.24|),0,0()2,3,3(|a a =-⋅--=即C 1到平面PAC 的距离为.2a (12)分19．本小题满分14分.解：（Ⅰ）.)1ln()(,)1()(,ln )(x x x g x x f x g x x f -+=∴-+==∵函数)(x g 的定义域为（),1+∞-，0)(.111)(='-+='x g xx g 令解得0=x .当0)0(.0)(,0;0)(,01=<'>>'<<-g x g x x g x 又时当时，故当且仅当0=x 时，)(x g 取得最大值，最大值为0.………………6分 （Ⅱ）证法一：).1ln(ln ln ln ln )()(bb a ba ab a b a f b f -+-=-==-=-……………8分由（I ）知.)()(,)1ln(ba b bb a a f b f x x -=--≥-∴≤+……………………10分又.)(2.21.2,0222222ba ab a b a b b a a b ab b a b a +->-∴+>∴>+∴<< >-∴)()(a f b f 22)(2ba ab a +-. …………………………14分 证法二：设)0(),(2)ln )(ln ()(22>≥---+=a x a x a a x a x x F则xa x a x x a x a x a x x x F 222)(ln 22)(ln2)(-+=-++='..0)(,0>'∴>>x F a x∵当a x >时，)(x F 是增函数，又.0)()(,,0)(=>>∴=a F x F a x a F 时.0)(2ln)(22>--+∴a x axa x ∴当0>>ab 时，有.)(2ln ,0)(2ln )(2222ba ab a ab a b a ab a b +->∴>--+ 即>-)()(a f b f 22)(2ba ab a +-. …………………………14分 20.本小题满分14分.解：椭圆离心率为2，∴=ac 2，224a b =所以椭圆方程为222214x y b b+=，设l 方程为：m x y +=，),(),,(2211y x Q y x P 由222214x y b b y x m ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=+⎩消去y 得22258440x mx m b ++-= 222226445(44)16(5)0m m b m b ∆=-⨯-=-+> 225b m ∴>(*)1285x x m +=-……（1） 22124()5x x m b =- (2)112OP OQ ⋅=-，所以1212112x x y y +=-而212121212()()()y y x m x m x x m x x m =++=+++所以21212112()2x x m x x m +++=-22228811()552m b m m --+=- 所以2255582m b -=-……（3）又(0,)R m ，5PR RQ=，1122(,)5(,)x m y x y m --=- 从而125x x -=……（4）由（1）（2）（4）得222mb = (5)由（3）（5）解得25b =，2m =± 适合(*)，所以所求直线l方程为：2y x =+或2y x =-；椭圆C 的方程为221205x y +=。

24．“公”是祭祀神灵时做出的保证．“誓”是一种约束性语言。

春秋盟誓参与者由周天子而诸侯面大夫，甚至国人也有参与，某些诸侯国为了自己的利益与夷狄结盟。

这实质上表明，春秋时期A．诚信观念部分丧失 B．周朝分封制趋于衰落C．夷夏之防不复存在 D．中央集权制开始出现25.古代武士一般是指格守“士”的通德规范，行为勇武的男性。

在魏晋南北朝时期的文学和正史中，出现了许多为孝义而杀仇敌，为保卫家园而守城作战、为忠君而驰骋疆场的勇武女性形象。

牡会上“武士化”女性的增多说明当时A．民族交融助推儒家思想的进一步传播 B．人口减少导致女性政治地位提高C．少教民族勇武之风得到社会普遍推崇D．社会动荡加剧传统武士精神衰落26．在唐代，政务裁决机制出现了由以秦抄为主向以秦状为主的转变。

政务多由宰相汇总以中书门下的名义直接向皇帝申奏，门下省属官给事中的职掌也随之从以审读奏抄为主转变为以封还制敕为主。

这一转变A．导致了三省合作体制名存实亡 B．有利于避免政务决策严重失误C．强化了谏官纠正宰相过失能力 D．助长了权臣专政乱政贪腐风险27．从南宋开始盛行的以职业划分户种的做法，全面实行于元代，到明代依然被保留下，明代文献中的军户，灶户(制盐)、乐户，果户、菜户、渔户，捕户等，随处可见。

这一长时段的现象可以佐证南宋以A．社会变迁具有内在延续性 B．政府对专业民户人身控制加强C．分户经营稳固了小农经济 D．社会生产的专业分工基本停滞28．轮船进入中国与近代中国不平等条约的签订、通商口岸的开放相联系的；铁路的开通是与晚清政府大量举借外债，丧失路权相始终的；近代最早的公路又是在被称为“国中之国”的租界出现的。

材料现象表明A．西方控制了中国近代运输 B．外国侵略阻碍了近代交通发展C．近代中国的交通发展缓慢 D．晚清中国交通发展丧失独立性29．表1反映出A．晚清政府财政状况尚且宽余 B．耕读传家社会文化难以为继C．晚清各项助政收入较为均街 D．资政院掌握最高财政审核权30. 1941年，陕廿宁边区参议会第二届第一次会议通过的《陕甘宁边区土地租佃条例》中规定：“承租人应依本条例所定减租之后之租额交租，不得短少，其有力能交租而故意不交者，出租人有请求政府依法追缴之权。

湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三文科综合5月第二次模拟考试卷新人教版第Ⅰ卷（选择题部分）右图是68°N某地在一天内太阳高度和该地某河流量变化示意图，分析回答1--3题：1．由图中可知，该河的主要补给形式是：A．地下水 B．雨水C．湖泊水 D．冰雪融水2．在河流的中下游平原，一般都是主要的农耕区，但是该河流下游却几乎没有农业，其主要原因是A．劳动力不足 B．气候寒冷C．远离消费市场 D．种植技术落后3．此时，太阳直射点的坐标是：A．90°E， 0° B．150°E， 18°N C．90°E， 18°N D．120°E， 0°国家林业局在2月2日的“世界湿地日”宣布，中国新增9处国际重要湿地，其中4处在云南，分别是大山包、拉布海、纳帕海和碧塔海（如图）。

20世纪80年代初，纳帕海周围山上的原始森林已被砍伐殆尽，为开垦田地、扩大牧地，人们设法排干湖水、降低水位，致使湿地面积不断减少。

当年勘察人员仅调查到残存的100余亩沼泽地、数十只黑颈鹅。

读图完成4—6题。

4．图中4ºC等温线向北突出，主要是Ａ.受太阳辐射的影响Ｂ.受河流流向的影响Ｃ.受地形地势的影响Ｄ.受热带季风的影响5．与图中4处湿地的形成无关的是Ａ.海拔高，气温低，蒸发量小Ｂ.地形相对低洼，容易积水Ｃ.植被较好，容易涵养水源Ｄ.都濒临长江，常受到长江洪水的泛滥而积水6．纳帕海20世纪80年代的状态Ａ.影响着云南省的干湿状况Ｂ.影响着对长江水的调蓄功能Ｃ.破坏当地农业生态，使粮食总产量减少Ｄ.破坏植被分布，改变环境的整体性读某年中国全国平均、西部某省区和东部某省区水资源利用情况对比表，联系所学知识回答7—8题。

人均用水量（m3/人·年）人均生活用水量（m3/人·年）人均生产用水量（m3/人·年）农田灌溉亩均用水量（m3/亩·年）万元GDP用水量（m3/万元）①610 70 540 446 570②1780 20 1750 1352 4000 全国平均440 484 680 7．表中数据可以说明A．①的用水总量超过②B．两省的生活用水比重均大于生产用水比重C．②的万元GDP用水量超过①7倍多D．②生活用水占总用水量的比重约为①的10倍多8．关于表中省区的叙述正确的是A．①是中国西部省区，②是中国东部省区B．①是中国东部省区，②是中国西部省区C．①万元GDP用水量比②小的原因是经济落后D．②农田灌溉亩均用水量比全国平均多的原因最主要的是农作物种类差异9．下图中a、b、c、d、e为某一地区的五个城市，为了促进该地区社会经济的发展，下面规划建设的四种交通网模式中最不．．合理的是能源短缺是制约我国经济社会发展的“软肋”，这种基本国情，决定我国必须走建设节约型社会的路子。

马鸣风萧萧高中数学学习材料马鸣风萧萧*整理制作雅礼中学2015届高三年级第一次模拟考试数 学 (文科)( 时量：120分钟，满分：150分)一、选择题（本大题共10个小题，每题5分，共50分）1．设集合}02|{=+=x x A ,集合}04|{2=-=x x B ,则=B A （ ） A ．{2}- B ．{2} C ．{2,2}- D ．∅ 【答案】A2．复数2(1)z i =+的实部是A ．2B ．1C ．0D ．1- 【答案】C3．命题“042,2≤+-∈∀x x R x ”的否定为（ ）A ．042,2≥+-∈∀x x R xB ．042,2>+-∈∃x x R xC ．042,2≤+-∉∀x x R x D.042,2>+-∉∃x x R x【答案】B.4．为了得到函数3y x =的图象，可以将函数x x y 3cos 3sin +=的图象（ ）A ．向右平移12π个单位长 B ．向右平移4π个单位长C ．向左平移12π个单位长D ．向左平移4π个单位长【答案】A5．某几何体的三视图如图所示，且该几何体的体积是3，则正视图中的x 的值是马鸣风萧萧A ．2B ．92C ．32D ．3【答案】D6．已知在平面直角坐标系xOy 上的区域D 由不等式组1222x y x y ≤≤⎧⎪≤⎨⎪≤⎩给定．目标函数25z x y =+-的最大值为（ ）A ．1B ．0C ．1-D ．5- 【答案】A7．设在△ABC 中，3AB BC ==，30ABC ∠=︒， AD 是边BC 上的高，则AD AC ⋅的值等于（ ） A.0 B.94 C.4 D.94- 【答案】B 【解析】：由于,()cos ,AC BC BA AD AC AD BC BA AD BA AD BA =-∴⋅=⋅-=-⋅⋅<>.由于031,3,cos ,cos12022AD BA AD BA ==<>==-.所以AD AC ⋅=94.故选B.8．六个面都是平行四边形的四棱柱称为平行六面体。

2008届雅礼中学五月第一次模拟考试文科数学本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

共150分，考试时间120分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1．已知集合2{||2|1},{|40}A x x B x x x =-<=-<，则""a A ∈是""a B ∈的 （ ） A 充分而不必要条件 B 必要而不充分条件C 充要条件D 既不充分也不必要条件2．下列函数中周期为1的奇函数是 （ ）A 22cos 1y x π=-B sin 2cos 2y x x ππ=+C tan2xy π= D sin cosy x x ππ=⋅3．下列不等式中恒成立的个数有 （ ）①)0(21≠≥+x x x ②)0(>>><c b a bca c ③),0,,(b a m b a bam b m a <>>++ ④a a b b a 2||||≥-++A 4B 3C 2D 14．25人排成5×5方阵，从中选出3人，要求其中任意2人既不同行也不同列，则不同的选出方法种数为（ ）A 600B 300C 100D 605．已知n a 的前n 项和241,n S n n =-+1210||||||a a a ++⋅⋅⋅+= （ ）A 67B 65C 6lD 566．对于平面直角坐标系内任意两点A （1x ，1y ）、B （2x ，2y ），定义它们之间的一种“距离”：‖AB ‖=︱21x x -︱+︱21y y -︱．给出下列三个命题： ①若点C 在线段AB 上，则‖AC ‖+‖CB ‖=‖AB ‖；②在△ABC 中，若∠C =90°，则‖AC ‖2+‖CB ‖2=‖AB ‖2； ③在△ABC 中，‖AC ‖+‖CB ‖>‖AB ‖．其中真命题的个数为 （ ） A 0 B 1 C 2 D 3C7．如图,设O 点在Rt ABC ∆内部,且有32=++,则ABC ∆的面积与AOC ∆的面积的比为（ ） A 2 B23 C 3 D 358． 已知点P 是抛物线24y x =上一点，设点P 到此抛物线准线的距离为1d ，到直线2120x y +-=的距离为2d ，则12d d +的最小值是 （）A 5B 4 C5D 1159．如图，已知A ，B ，C 是表面积为48π的球面上的三点，AB=2，BC=4，∠ABC=60°，O 为球心，则二面角O —AB —C 的大小为（ ）A3π B 4π C 33arccos D 1133arccos 10．一个正方体，它的表面涂满了红色.在它的每个面上切两刀，可得27个小立方块，从中任取2个，其中恰有1个一面涂有红色，1个两面涂有红色的概率为 （ ） A ．11716 B ．11732C ．398 D ．3916二、填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分，把答案填在答题卡中对应题号后的横线上.11．某校为了了解高三年级学生的身体状况，现用分层抽样的方法，从全段600名学生中抽取60名进行体检，如果在抽取的学生中有男生36名，则在高三年级中共有女生 名． 12．若对任意实数y x ,都有()()()()()++++++++=-3232324150522222y y x a y y x a y y x a y x a y x()55442y a y y x a +++，则=+++++543210a a a a a a13．通过两个定点1(,0),(,),A a A a a 且在y 轴上截得的弦长等于2a 的圆的方程是 14．已知平面α、β和直线m ，给出条件：①m ∥α；②m ⊥α；③m α⊂；④α⊥β；⑤α∥β. （i ）当满足条件 时，m ∥β；（ii ）当满足条件 时，m ⊥β （注意：只要填条件中的序号） 15．对于函数321()||(3)||,32a f x x x a xb =-+-+ （i ）若(2)7f =，则(2)f -=___ __;（ii ）若()f x 有六个不同的单调区间，则a 的取值范围为 .三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共75分. 解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤. 16．（本小题满分12分）已知△ABC 的三边,,a b c 成等比数列，且774cot cot =+C A ， .3=+c a （Ⅰ）求B cos ； （Ⅱ）求ABC ∆的面积。