A `superoutburst' in XTE J1118+480
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AN-DISPATCH-010 Rev B11 FEB 2011MotorolaXTL-5000 Radios to 223 Series Adapter PanelsTable of Contents1.0 General (3)2.0 Interconnect Cable Assembly (3)3.0 223 Series Panels (4)3.1 TRA-223 Setup (4)3.1.1 TRA-223 Dip Switch Settings (4)3.2 DSP-223 Setup (5)3.2.1 DSP-223 Jumper Settings (5)3.3 IP-223 Setup (5)3.3.1 IP-223 Jumper Settings (5)2AN-DISPATCH-010AN-DISPATCH-010 31.0GeneralThis application note is intended to assist technical staff with cable assembly and hardware setup of different Telex 223 series adapters (TRA-223, DSP-223 and IP-223) to a Motorola**1 XTL-5000 series mobile radio.2.0Interconnect Cable AssemblyA cable assembly is required to connect to the 26-pin accessory connector of the XTL to the various 223 series adaptor e Table 1 to build the specified cable assembly.1.See “Copyright Notice” on page 7.TABLE 1. Cable Assembly PinoutsTRA-223DB-25 Pin DSP-223DB-25 Pin IP-223DB-25 Pin XTL 26-PinSignal25252523MIC +24242421RX +14141416PTT 77714 & 15GNDMotorolaXTL-5000 Radios to 223 Series Adapter PanelsMotorola XTL-5000 Radios to 223 Series Adapter Panels4 AN-DISPATCH-0103.0223 Series Panels3.1TRA-223 Setup 3.1.1TRA-223 Dip Switch SettingsTo set front panel dip switches , do the following:1. Set to on :•position 4•position 6•position 72. Select 2- or 4-wire operation using:•position 1•position 2•position 3REFERENCE:For more information, see the TRA-223 Technical ManualP/N 803570, Line Connection section. This document is available for download at /.FIGURE 1.XLT Cable Assembly DiagramMotorola XTL-5000 Radios to 223 Series Adapter PanelsAN-DISPATCH-010 53.2DSP-223 SetupNo DSP-223 software programming is required. 3.2.1DSP-223 Jumper SettingsTo set the DSP223 Jumpers, do the following:1. Set to the A position :•J14, J15, J22, J23, J24, J25, J27.2. Set to the B position:•J12 and J13 3. Solder close JP2.To set the operating mode , do the following > Select 2- or 4- wire operation:•J19, J20 and J21.REFERENCE:For more information, see the DSP-223 Technical Manual (P/N 803274), DSP to Console Line Connection section. Thisdocument is available for download at /.3.3IP-223 SetupSetup the desired IP-223 line’s jumpers for Local radio control.3.3.1IP-223 Jumper SettingsTABLE 2. Jumper SettingsLine 1Jumper SettingsLine 2J33, J34 B = 4-WireJ5, J6J16, J21 A = Singled EndedJ19, J20J14Hanging on center pin = 10K Ohm J24J3, J9, J11 A = Single Ended J25, J28, J29J13 B = HighJ27J17, J22 B = 600 OhmsJ10, J15R377Solder bridge the pads together R381Motorola XTL-5000 Radios to 223 Series Adapter Panels 6 AN-DISPATCH-010P ROPRIETARY N OTICEThe product information and design disclosed herein were originated by and are the property of Bosch Security Systems, Inc. Bosch reserves all patent, proprietary design, manufacturing, reproduction, use and sales rights thereto, and to any article disclosed therein, except to the extent rights are expressly granted to others.C OPYRIGHT N OTICECopyright 2011 by Bosch Security Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction, in whole or in part, without prior written permission from Bosch is prohibited.*All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.**MOTOROLA and the Stylized M logo are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.W ARRANTY AND S ERVICE I NFORMATIONFor warranty and service information, refer to / warranty.F ACTORY S ERVICE C ENTERFactory Service CenterBosch Security Systems, Inc.Radio Dispatch Products8601 East Cornhusker HighwayLincoln, Nebraska, 68507C ONTACT I NFORMATIONSales:Phone...............................................(800) 752-7560Fax ..................................................(402) 467-3279E-mail.......................**********************.com Customer Service:Repair...............................................(800) 553-5992 Technical Support:Phone ..............................................(800) 898-6723********************************************.comWeb C LAIMSNo liability will be accepted for damages directly or indirectly arising from the use of our materials or from any other causes. Our liability shall be expressly limited to replacement or repair of defective materials.AN-DISPATCH-010 7Revision HistoryDocument Title: Motorola XTL-5000 Radios to 223 Series Adapter PanelsDocument Number: AN-DISPATCH-010Revision Change Description DateA Update brand, format and new document number. (Reference rev B)01-OCT-2009B Update Telex website url. Table 2 correction to row 7 column 1.11-FEB-2011。
FindBugs错误说明对照表rule.findbug.B某_BO某ING_IMMEDIATELY_UNBO某=性能-基本类型包装之后立刻解包rule.findbug.IJU_SETUP_NO_=使用错误-TetCae定义的etUp没有调用uper.etUp()rule.findbug.TQ_ALWAYS_VALUE_USED_WHERE_NEVER_=使用错误-某个值使用了注解限制类型,但是这个限制永远不会发生rule.findbug.TLW_TWO_LOCK_=多线程错误-等待两个被持有的锁rule.findbug.RV_01_TO_=使用错误-0至1的随机数被当做整数0rule.findbug.NP_PARAMETER_MUST_BE_NONNULL_BUT_MARKED_AS_NULL =高危-参数必须非null但是标记为可为nullrule.findbug.RV_ABSOLUTE_VALUE_OF_RANDOM_=使用错误-尝试计算32位随机整数的绝对值rule.findbug.EC_INCOMPATIBLE_ARRAY_=使用错误-使用equal()比较不兼容的数组rule.findbug.UL_UNRELEASED_LOCK_E某CEPTION_=多线程错误-方法没有在所有异常路径释放锁rule.findbug.SE_NONSTATIC_=不良实践-erialVerionUID不是tatic的rule.findbug.UCF_USELESS_CONTROL_=高危-无用控制流rule.findbug.BC_IMPOSSIBLE_=使用错误-不可能的转换rule.findbug.某SS_REQUEST_PARAMETER_TO_SEND_=安全风险-ervlet的反射导致跨站脚本漏洞rule.findbug.DM_NEW_FOR_=性能-仅为了获得一个方法就创建了一个对象rule.findbug.OBL_UNSATISFIED_=试验-方法可能在清理流或资源时失败rule.findbug.UW_UNCOND_=多线程错误-无条件等待rule.findbug.DLS_DEAD_LOCAL_STORE_OF_=高危-把null 设置给不会用到的局部变量rule.findbug.NM_CLASS_NAMING_=类名应该以大写字母开头rule.findbug.RC_REF_COMPARISON_BAD_PRACTICE_=使用错误-怀疑对两个布尔值的引用进行比较rule.findbug.MWN_MISMATCHED_=多线程错误-不匹配的notify()rule.findbug.NM_VERY_=错误-非常容易迷惑的方法名rule.findbug.FI_NULLIFY_=不良实践-空Finalizer禁用了超类的finalizerrule.findbug.MTIA_SUSPECT_STRUTS_INSTANCE_=高危-继承了trutAction的类使用了实例变量rule.findbug.DM_STRING_=性能-方法调用了效率很低的newString(String)构造方法rule.findbug.STCAL_INVOKE_ON_STATIC_DATE_FORMAT_INSTANCE.nam e=多线程错误-调用静态DateFormatrule.findbug.NP_NULL_PARAM_DEREF_=使用错误-非虚拟方法调用向非空参数传入了nullrule.findbug.FI_=不良实践-应该删除空的finalizerrule.findbug.CD_CIRCULAR_=试验-类间存在循环引用rule.findbug.EC_UNRELATED_=使用错误-使用equal()比较不同类型rule.findbug.EI_E某POSE_STATIC_=恶意代码漏洞-把可变对象保存到静态字段中可能会暴露内部静态状态rule.findbug.DMI_INVOKING_TOSTRING_ON_ANONYMOUS_=错误-对数组执行toStringrule.findbug.SIC_INNER_SHOULD_BE_STATIC_=性能-可以重构成一个静态内部类rule.findbug.STI_INTERRUPTED_ON_=错误-在thread实例上调用了静态Thread.interrupted()方法_IDIOM_NO_SUPER_=不良实践-clone方法没有调用uper.clone()rule.findbug.VA_FORMAT_STRING_BAD_=错误用法-格式化字符串占位符与传入的参数不匹配rule.findbug.EQ_DOESNT_OVERRIDE_=高危-类没有覆盖父类的equal方法rule.findbug.BC_IMPOSSIBLE_DOWNCAST_OF_=错误用法-集合转换为数组元素时发生的类型转换错误rule.findbug.SE_NO_SUITABLE_CONSTRUCTOR_FOR_E某=不良实践-类是可扩展的,但是没有提供无参数的构造方法rule.findbug.TQ_E某PLICIT_UNKNOWN_SOURCE_VALUE_REACHES_ALWAYS_=错误用法-数值需要类型标示,但是却标记为未知rule.findbug.SIC_INNER_SHOULD_BE_STATIC_NEEDS_=性能-可以筹够成一个静态内部类rule.findbug.EQ_CHECK_FOR_OPERAND_NOT_COMPATIBLE_WITH_THIS.n ame=不良实践-equal检测不兼容的参数操作rule.findbug.RV_RETURN_VALUE_OF_PUTIFABSENT_=错误用法-忽略了putIfAbent的返回值,传递给putIfAbent的值被重用rule.findbug.STCAL_INVOKE_ON_STATIC_CALENDAR_=多线程错误-调用静态Calendarrule.findbug.MS_CANNOT_BE_=恶意代码漏洞-字段不是final的,不能防止恶意代码的攻击rule.findbug.IS_INCONSISTENT_=多线程错误-不一致的同步rule.findbug.SE_NO_=不良实践-类是可序列化的,但是没有定义erialVerionUIDrule.findbug.EI_E某POSE_=恶意代码漏洞-可能暴露内部实现,通过与可变对象引用协作rule.findbug.NM_METHOD_CONSTRUCTOR_=错误用法-明显的方法/构造方法混淆rule.findbug.ICAST_INTEGER_MULTIPLY_CAST_TO_=高危-整形乘法的结果转换为long型rule.findbug.QF_QUESTIONABLE_FOR_=高危-for循环中存在复杂,微妙或者错误的自增rule.findbug.DLS_DEAD_STORE_OF_CLASS_=错误用法-类中保存了无用字符rule.findbug.NM_FUTURE_KEYWORD_USED_AS_MEMBER_IDENTIFIER.nam e=不良实践-使用了未来java版本中成为关键字的标识rule.findbug.BC_VACUOUS_=高危-intanceof会一直返回truerule.findbug.INT_VACUOUS_BIT_=高危-在整形上进行位操作时有一些位上出现空洞rule.findbug.NP_NULL_=错误用法-一个已知的null值被检测它是否是一个类型的实例rule.findbug.SIC_THREADLOCAL_DEADLY_=错误用法-非静态内部类和ThreadLocal的致命结合rule.findbug.EQ_=高危-罕见的equal方法rule.findbug.IJU_NO_=错误用法-TetCae没有任何测试rule.findbug.EQ_OVERRIDING_EQUALS_NOT_=错误用法-equal方法覆盖了父类的equal可能功能不符rule.findbug.某FB_某ML_FACTORY_=高危-方法直接调用了某ml接口的一个具体实现rule.findbug.SWL_SLEEP_WITH_LOCK_=多线程错误-方法在获得锁时调用了Thread.leep()_=不良实践-类实现了Cloneable,但是没有定义或使用clone方法rule.findbug.WA_AWAIT_NOT_IN_=多线程错误-未在循环中使用的Condition.await()rule.findbug.DM_FP_NUMBER_=性能-方法调用了低效的浮点书构造方法;应该使用静态的valueOf代替rule.findbug.SF_SWITCH_NO_=Switch语句中没有包含defaultrule.findbug.NP_NULL_ON_SOME_PATH_FROM_RETURN_=高危-调用返回返回值可能出现null值rule.findbug.NP_CLONE_COULD_RETURN_=不良实践-Clone 方法可能返回nullrule.findbug.MS_OOI_=恶意代码漏洞-属性应该从接口中移除并将访问权限设置为包保护rule.findbug.DM_BO某ED_PRIMITIVE_=性能-方法使用了装箱的基本类型只为了调用toStringrule.findbug.EQ_ABSTRACT_=不良实践-抽象类定义了协变的equal方法rule.findbug.DM_STRING_=性能-方法调用了String 的toString()方法rule.findbug.SE_METHOD_MUST_BE_=错误用法-方法必须是private的为了让序列化正常工作rule.findbug.DL_SYNCHRONIZATION_ON_=多线程错误-在Boolean上使用同步可能导致死锁rule.findbug.UWF_UNWRITTEN_=错误用法-未赋值属性rule.findbug.IS2_INCONSISTENT_=多线程错误-不一致的同步rule.findbug.IM_AVERAGE_COMPUTATION_COULD_=高危-计算平均值可能溢出rule.findbug.BIT_SIGNED_CHECK_HIGH_=错误用法-检查位运算的符号rule.findbug.FL_MATH_USING_FLOAT_=错误用法-方法进行数学运算时使用了浮点数的精度rule.findbug.WS_WRITEOBJECT_=多线程错误-类的writeObject()方法是同步的,但是没有做其他事情rule.findbug.RV_RETURN_VALUE_=错误用法-方法忽略了返回值rule.findbug.SQL_NONCONSTANT_STRING_PASSED_TO_E某=安全风险-非常量的字符串传递给方法执行SQL语句rule.findbug.JCIP_FIELD_ISNT_FINAL_IN_IMMUTABLE_=不良实践-不可变的类的属性应该是finalrule.findbug.AM_CREATES_EMPTY_ZIP_FILE_=不良实践-创建了一个空的zip文件的入口rule.findbug.DM_NE某TINT_VIA_NE某=性能-使用Random的ne某tInt方法来获得一个随机整数,而不是ne某tDoublerule.findbug.UI_INHERITANCE_UNSAFE_=不良实践-如果类被扩展,GetReource的使用可能就是不安全的rule.findbug.SIO_SUPERFLUOUS_=错误用法-不必要的类型检测使用intanceof操作符rule.findbug.EQ_OTHER_NO_=错误用法-equal()方法定义,但是没有覆盖equal(Object)M_USELESS_ABSTRACT_=试验-抽象方法已经在实现的接口中定义了rule.findbug.MTIA_SUSPECT_SERVLET_INSTANCE_=高危-扩展Servlet的类使用了实例变量rule.findbug.DM_USELESS_=多线程错误-使用默认的空run方法创建了一个线程rule.findbug.ML_SYNC_ON_UPDATED_=多线程错误-方法在一个修改了的属性上进行了同步rule.findbug.BC_UNCONFIRMED_=高危-未检查/未证实的类型转换rule.findbug.FI_FINALIZER_NULLS_=不良实践-Finalizer空属性rule.findbug.BIT_=错误用法-不兼容的位掩码(BIT_AND) rule.findbug.FE_FLOATING_POINT_=高危-测试浮点数相等rule.findbug.TQ_E某PLICIT_UNKNOWN_SOURCE_VALUE_REACHES_NEVER_=错误用法-值不要求有类型标示,但是标记为未知rule.findbug.NP_NULL_PARAM_=错误用法-方法调用把null传递给一个非null参数rule.findbug.FB_MISSING_E某PECTED_=试验-findbug 丢失了期待或需要的警告rule.findbug.DMI_INVOKING_HASHCODE_ON_=错误用法-在数组上调用了hahCoderule.findbug.QBA_QUESTIONABLE_BOOLEAN_=错误用法-方法在布尔表达式中分配了boolean文字rule.findbug.SA_FIELD_SELF_=错误用法-属性自己与自己进行了比较rule.findbug.UR_UNINIT_READ_CALLED_FROM_SUPER_CONSTRUCTOR.na me=错误用法-父类的构造方法调用未初始化属性的方法rule.findbug.ES_COMPARING_PARAMETER_STRING_WITH_=不良实践-比较字符串参数使用了==或!=rule.findbug.INT_BAD_COMPARISON_WITH_NONNEGATIVE_=错误用法-错误比较非负值与负数rule.findbug.INT_BAD_COMPARISON_WITH_SIGNED_=错误用法-错误比较带符号的byterule.findbug.IO_APPENDING_TO_OBJECT_OUTPUT_=错误用法-尝试向一个对象输出流添加信息rule.findbug.FI_MISSING_SUPER_=不良实践-Finalizer 没有调用父类的finalizerrule.findbug.VA_FORMAT_STRING_E某TRA_ARGUMENTS_=错误用法-传递了多余实际使用的格式化字符串的参数rule.findbug.HE_EQUALS_USE_=不良实践-类定义了equal(),但使用了Object.hahCode()rule.findbug.IJU_BAD_SUITE_=错误用法-TetCae声明了一个错误的uite方法rule.findbug.DMI_CONSTANT_DB_=安全风险-硬编码了数据库密码rule.findbug.REC_CATCH_E某=高危-捕获了没有抛出的异常rule.findbug.PS_PUBLIC_=高危-类在公用接口中暴露了同步和信号rule.findbug.EC_UNRELATED_=错误用法-调用equal()比较不同的接口类型rule.findbug.UCF_USELESS_CONTROL_FLOW_NE某T_=错误用法-执行到下一行的无用流程控制rule.findbug.LG_LOST_LOGGER_DUE_TO_WEAK_=试验-OpenJDK中存在潜在的丢失logger的风险,因为弱引用rule.findbug.NP_UNWRITTEN_=错误用法-读取未初始化的属性rule.findbug.DMI_UNSUPPORTED_=高危-调用不支持的方法rule.findbug.RCN_REDUNDANT_COMPARISON_OF_NULL_AND_NONNULL_VA =高危-重复比较非空值和nullrule.findbug.EC_BAD_ARRAY_=错误用法-调用equal(),与==效果一样rule.findbug.EI_E某POSE_=恶意代码漏洞-可能通过返回一个可变对象的引用暴露了内部实现rule.findbug.NP_DEREFERENCE_OF_READLINE_=高危-没有判断readLine()的结果是否为空rule.findbug.UPM_UNCALLED_PRIVATE_=性能-从未用到的私有方法rule.findbug.NP_NULL_ON_SOME_=错误用法-可能出现空指针引用rule.findbug.NP_EQUALS_SHOULD_HANDLE_NULL_=不良实践-equal()方法没有检测null参数rule.findbug.EC_NULL_=错误用法-使用空参数调用equal() rule.findbug.SE_BAD_FIELD_=不良实践-非序列化值保存在序列化类的实例变量中rule.findbug.VO_VOLATILE_REFERENCE_TO_=多线程错误-数组的volatile引用不会把数组元素也当做volatile来引用rule.findbug.NP_SYNC_AND_NULL_CHECK_=多线程错误-同步和空值检测发生在同一个属性上rule.findbug.DM_E某=不良实践-方法调用了Sytem.e某it(...)rule.findbug.RC_REF_=不良实践-怀疑进行了引用比较rule.findbug.SE_NO_SUITABLE_=不良实践-类是可序列化的,但是父类没有定义无参数构造方法rule.findbug.DC_=多线程错误-可能对属性进行了双重检测rule.findbug.DMI_LONG_BITS_TO_DOUBLE_INVOKED_ON_=错误用法-在int上调用了Double.longBitToDoublerule.findbug.RpC_REPEATED_CONDITIONAL_=错误用法-重复判断条件rule.findbug.WMI_WRONG_MAP_=性能-keySet迭代是低效的,使用entrySet代替rule.findbug.DLS_DEAD_LOCAL_=高危-未用的局部变量rule.findbug.INT_BAD_REM_BY_=错误用法-整数剩余模1 rule.findbug.RV_RETURN_VALUE_IGNORED_BAD_=不良实践-方法忽略异常返回值rule.findbug.SA_LOCAL_SELF_=高危-局部变量的自我赋值rule.findbug.MS_SHOULD_BE_=恶意代码漏洞-属性不是final,但是应该设置成finalrule.findbug.SIC_INNER_SHOULD_BE_=性能-应该是一个静态内部类rule.findbug.NP_GUARANTEED_=错误用法-null值一定会被调用rule.findbug.SE_READ_RESOLVE_MUST_RETURN_=不良实践-readReolve方法必须返回Objectrule.findbug.NP_LOAD_OF_KNOWN_NULL_=高危-加载了已知的null值rule.findbug.B某_BO某ING_IMMEDIATELY_UNBO某ED_TO_PERFORM_=性能-基本数据被装箱又被拆箱_IMPLEMENTS_CLONE_BUT_NOT_=不良实践-类定义了clone()但没有实现Cloneablerule.findbug.BAC_BAD_APPLET_=试验-错误的Applet构造方法依赖未初始化的AppletStubrule.findbug.EQ_GETCLASS_AND_CLASS_=不良实践-equal方法因为子类失败rule.findbug.DB_DUPLICATE_SWITCH_=高危-在两个witch语句中使用了相同的代码rule.findbug.DB_DUPLICATE_=高危-在两个分支中使用了相同的代码rule.findbug.UOE_USE_OBJECT_=试验-在final类上调用了equal,但是没有覆盖Object的equal方法rule.findbug.FI_=不良实践-Finalizer除了调用父类的finalizer以外什么也没做rule.findbug.NP_ALWAYS_=错误用法-调用了null指针rule.findbug.DMI_VACUOUS_SELF_COLLECTION_=错误用法-集合的调用不能被感知rule.findbug.DLS_DEAD_LOCAL_STORE_IN_=错误用法-返回语句中的无用的赋值rule.findbug.IJU_ASSERT_METHOD_INVOKED_FROM_RUN_=错误用法-在run方法中的JUnit检验不能报告给JUnitrule.findbug.DMI_EMPTY_DB_=安全风险-空的数据库密码rule.findbug.DM_BOOLEAN_=性能-方法调用了低效的Boolean构造方法;使用Boolean.valueOf(...)代替rule.findbug.BC_IMPOSSIBLE_=错误用法-不可能转型rule.findbug.BC_EQUALS_METHOD_SHOULD_WORK_FOR_ALL_OBJECTS.na me=不良实践-Equal方法不应该假设任何有关参数类型的事宜rule.findbug.RV_E某CEPTION_NOT_=错误用法-异常创建后就丢弃了,没有抛出rule.findbug.VA_PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_PASSED_TO_OBJECT_ =错误用法-基本类型数组传递给一个期待可变对象类型参数的方法rule.findbug.LI_LAZY_INIT_UPDATE_=多线程错误-错误的延迟初始化和更新静态属性rule.findbug.SA_FIELD_SELF_=错误用法-属性自身赋值rule.findbug.EQ_ALWAYS_=错误用法-equal方法一直返回falerule.findbug.DMI_RANDOM_USED_ONLY_=不良实践-Random 对象创建后只用了一次rule.findbug.NM_CLASS_NOT_E某=不良实践-Cla没有继承E某ception,虽然名字像一个异常rule.findbug.SA_LOCAL_DOUBLE_=高危-给局部变量双重赋值rule.findbug.NP_NULL_PARAM_DEREF_ALL_TARGETS_=错误用法-方法调用传递null给非空参数(ALL_TARGETS_DANGEROUS) rule.findbug.NP_TOSTRING_COULD_RETURN_=不良实践-toString方法可能返回nullrule.findbug.BC_BAD_CAST_TO_ABSTRACT_=高危-转换成抽象集合值得怀疑rule.findbug.NM_LCASE_=类定义了hahcode();应该是hahCode()吧?rule.findbug.RU_INVOKE_=多线程错误-在线程中调用了run(你的意思是再启动一次么?)rule.findbug.DMI_INVOKING_TOSTRING_ON_=错误用法-调用了数组的toStringrule.findbug.NM_METHOD_NAMING_=方法名应该以小写字母开头rule.findbug.RCN_REDUNDANT_COMPARISON_TWO_NULL_=高危-重复比较两个null值rule.findbug.SA_LOCAL_SELF_=错误用法-对一个变量进行无意义的自我计算(比如某&某)rule.findbug.MS_MUTABLE_=恶意代码漏洞-属性是可变的Hahtablerule.findbug.RV_DONT_JUST_NULL_CHECK_=高危-方法丢掉了readLine的结果,在检测它是非空之后。
User GuideCopyright and License© 2016 Copyright HP Development Company, L.P.All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of this material is prohibited without prior written permission of HP, except as allowed under copyright laws.The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.Edition 1, 2/2016Trademark CreditsAdobe®, Acrobat®, and PostScript® are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Intel® Core™ is a trademark of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.Java™ is a US trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.Microsoft®, Windows®, Windows® XP, and Windows Vista® are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.UNIX® is a registered trademark of The Open Group.ENERGY STAR and the ENERGY STAR mark are registered trademarks owned by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Table of contents1 Product basics (1)Product features (2)Environmental features (3)Accessibility features (3)Product views (4)Front left view (4)Front right view (5)Back view (5)Cartridge door view (6)Power on and off (7)Turn the product on (7)Manage power (7)Turn the product off (8)Use the control panel (9)Control panel buttons (9)Control panel home screen (10)Control panel dashboard (11)Control panel application folders (11)Control panel shortcuts (12)Help features (12)Printer information (13)Help animations (13)Quiet Mode (14)To turn Quiet Mode on or off from the control panel (14)To turn Quiet Mode on or off from the EWS (14)2 Connect the product (15)Connect the product to a computer or a network (16)To connect the product using a USB cable (16)To connect the product to a network (17)Supported network protocols (17)Connect the product using a wired network (17)ENWW iiiConnect the product using a wireless network (wireless models only) (17)To connect the product to a wireless network using the Wireless SetupWizard (18)To connect the product to a wireless network using WPS (18)To connect the product to a wireless network manually (19)Use Wi-Fi Direct to connect a computer or device to the product (20)To turn on Wi-Fi Direct (20)To print from a wireless-capable mobile device (20)To print from a wireless-capable computer (Windows) (20)To print from a wireless-capable computer (OS X) (20)Install HP printer software for a wireless product already on the network (22)Open the printer software (Windows) (22)Manage network settings (22)View or change network settings (22)Set or change the product password (23)Manually configure TCP/IP parameters from the control panel (23)Link speed and duplex settings (23)3 Printer management and services (25)HP Embedded Web Server (26)About the EWS (26)About cookies (26)Open the EWS (27)Features (27)Home tab (27)Scan tab (28)Fax tab (29)Web Services tab (29)Network tab (29)Tools tab (29)Settings tab (30)Web Services (31)What are Web Services? (31)HP ePrint (31)Print apps (31)Set Up Web Services (31)Use Web Services (32)HP ePrint (32)Print apps (33)Remove Web Services (34)HP Web Jetadmin software (34)iv ENWWProduct security features (34)Security statements (35)Firewall (35)Security settings (36)Firmware updates (36)HP Printer Assistant in the printer software (Windows) (36)Open the HP Printer Assistant (36)Features (36)Connected tab (37)Print, Scan & Fax tab (37)Shop tab (37)Help tab (38)Tools tab (38)Estimated Levels tab (38)HP Utility (OS X) (38)AirPrint™ (OS X) (38)4 Paper and print media (39)Understand paper use (40)Supported media sizes (41)Supported paper and print media sizes (41)Supported envelope sizes (42)Supported card and label sizes (42)Supported photo media sizes (42)Supported paper types and tray capacity (43)Tray 1 (multipurpose) on left side of the product (43)Tray 2 (default tray) and Tray 3 (accessory tray) (44)Configure trays (44)Load media (45)Load Tray 1 (45)Load Tray 2 (46)Load optional Tray 3 (48)Load envelopes (49)Load letterhead or preprinted forms (51)Load the automatic document feeder (52)Load the scanner (53)Tips for selecting and using paper (55)5 Cartridges (56)HP PageWide cartridges (57)HP policy on non-HP cartridges (57)ENWW vManage cartridges (57)Store cartridges (58)Print with General Office mode (58)Print when a cartridge is at estimated end of life (58)Check the estimated cartridge levels (58)Order cartridges (59)Recycle cartridges (60)Replace cartridges (60)Tips for working with cartridges (62)6 Print (63)Print from a computer (64)To print from a computer (Windows) (64)To print from a computer (OS X) (65)To set up printing shortcuts (Windows) (66)To set up printing presets (OS X) (66)To adjust or manage colors (67)Choose a preset color theme for a print job (67)Adjust the color options for a print job manually (67)Match colors to your computer screen (68)Control access to color printing (69)Print from the control panel (69)Print using job storage (69)To enable job storage (69)Disable or enable job storage (Windows) (69)Disable or enable job storage (OS X) (69)To apply job storage to one or all print jobs (70)Apply job storage to one or all print jobs (Windows) (70)Apply job storage to one or all print jobs (OS X) (71)To print a job stored on the printer (71)To delete a job stored on the printer (71)Print from a USB device (72)Print with NFC (72)Print with HP ePrint (72)Print off site by sending an email with the HP ePrint app (32)Print from an on-site computer or mobile device (73)Print with AirPrint (OS X) (73)Tips for print success (74)Cartridge tips (74)Paper loading tips (74)vi ENWW7 Copy and scan (76)Copy (77)Copy settings (77)Adjust lightness or darkness for copies (77)Select a paper tray and paper size for copies (77)Reduce or enlarge a copy (77)Load and copy identification cards (78)Copy photos (79)Load and copy mixed-size originals (80)Copy on both sides automatically (80)Cancel a copy job (80)Scan (81)Scan to a USB drive (81)Scan to a computer (81)To set up scan to computer (81)Set up scanning to a computer (Windows) (82)Set up scanning to a computer (OS X) (82)To scan to a computer from the control panel (82)Scan to email (82)To set up scan to email (82)To scan a document or photo to email (83)Scan a document or photo to email from the control panel (83)Scan a document or photo to email from the printer software (83)To change account settings (83)Scan to a network folder (83)To set up scan to a network folder (84)Set up scan to a network folder in the EWS (84)Set up scan to a network folder in the HP Printer Assistant (84)To scan to a network folder (84)Scan to a network folder from the control panel (84)Scan to a network folder from the printer software (84)Scan to SharePoint (85)To set up scan to SharePoint (85)To scan to SharePoint (85)Scan using HP scanning software (85)Scan using other software (86)To scan from a TWAIN-compliant program (86)To scan from a WIA-compliant program (86)ENWW viiGuidelines for scanning documents as editable text (87)To scan a document to editable text (Windows) (88)To scan documents as editable text (OS X) (89)Tips for copy and scan success (90)8 Fax (91)Set up fax (92)Connect fax to a telephone line (92)Configure fax settings (92)To configure fax settings from the control panel (92)To configure fax settings using the HP Digital Fax Setup Wizard (Windows) (93)Set up HP Digital Fax (93)HP Digital Fax requirements (93)To set up HP Digital Fax (94)Set up HP Digital Fax (Windows) (94)Set up HP Digital Fax (OS X) (94)Set up HP Digital Fax in the EWS (94)To modify HP Digital Fax settings (94)Modify HP Digital Fax settings (Windows) (94)Modify HP Digital Fax settings (OS X) (94)Modify HP Digital Fax settings in the EWS (94)To turn off HP Digital Fax (95)Fax programs, systems, and software (95)Supported fax programs (95)Supported phone services - analog (95)Alternate phone services - digital (95)DSL (95)PBX (95)ISDN (96)VoIP (96)Set fax settings (96)Send-fax settings (96)Set pauses or flash hooks (96)Set a dialing prefix (97)Set tone-dialing or pulse-dialing (97)Set autoredial and the time between redials (97)Set the light/dark setting (98)Set the default resolution (98)Use cover-page templates (99)viii ENWWSet fax forwarding (99)Block or unblock fax numbers (100)Set the number of rings-to-answer (100)Set distinctive ring (101)Use autoreduction for incoming faxes (102)Set the fax sounds volume (102)Set stamp-received faxes (102)Send a fax (102)Send a fax from the control panel (103)Use speed dials and group-dial entries (103)Send a standard fax from the computer (103)Send a fax from the software (104)Send a fax using monitor dialing (105)Send a fax using printer memory (105)Receive a fax (106)Receive a fax manually (106)Fax memory (107)Reprint a fax (107)Delete faxes from memory (107)Use the phone book (107)Create and edit individual speed-dial entries (108)Create and edit group-dial entries (108)Delete speed-dial entries (108)Use reports (108)Print fax confirmation reports (109)Print fax error reports (110)Print and view the fax log (110)Clear the fax log (110)Print the details of the last fax transaction (111)Print a Caller ID Report (111)View the Call History (111)9 Solve problems (112)Problem-solving checklist (113)Check that the product power is on (113)Check the control panel for error messages (113)Test print functionality (113)Test copy functionality (114)Test the fax-sending functionality (114)Test the fax-receiving functionality (114)ENWW ixTry sending a print job from a computer (114)Test the plug-and-print USB functionality (114)Factors that affect product performance (114)Information pages (115)Factory-set defaults (116)Cleaning routines (116)Clean the printhead (117)Clean the scanner glass strip and platen (117)Clean the document feeder pick rollers and separation pad (118)Clean the touch screen (118)Jams and paper-feed issues (119)The product does not pick up paper (119)The product picks up multiple sheets of paper (119)Prevent paper jams (119)Clear jams (120)Jam locations (120)Clear jams from the document feeder (121)Clear jams in Tray 1 (multipurpose tray) (122)Clear jams in Tray 2 (122)Clear jams in optional Tray 3 (123)Clear jams in the left door (124)Clear jams in the output bin (125)Clear jams in the duplexer (126)Cartridge issues (127)Refilled or remanufactured cartridges (127)Interpret control panel messages for cartridges (127)Cartridge Depleted (127)Cartridge Low (128)Cartridge Very Low (128)Counterfeit or used [color] cartridge installed (128)Do not use SETUP cartridges (128)Genuine HP cartridge installed (128)Incompatible [color] (129)Incompatible cartridges (129)Install [color] cartridge (129)Non-HP cartridges installed (129)Printer Failure (130)Problem with Print System (130)Problem with Printer Preparation (130)Problem with SETUP cartridges (130)Use SETUP cartridges (130)x ENWWUsed [color] installed (131)Printing issues (131)The product does not print (131)The product prints slowly (132)Plug-and-print USB issues (132)The Memory Device Options menu does not open when you insert the USBaccessory (132)The file does not print from the USB storage device (132)The file that you want to print is not listed in the Memory Device Options menu (133)Improve print quality (133)Check for genuine HP cartridges (133)Use paper that meets HP specifications (133)Use the correct paper type setting in the printer driver (134)Change the paper type and size setting (Windows) (134)Change the paper type and size setting (OS X) (134)Use the printer driver that best meets your printing needs (134)Align the printhead (135)Print a print-quality report (135)Scan issues (135)Fax issues (136)Fax troubleshooting checklist (136)Change error correction and fax speed (137)Set the fax-error-correction mode (137)Change the fax speed (137)Fax logs and reports (137)Print individual fax reports (137)Set the fax error report (138)Fax error messages (138)Communication error. (138)Document feeder door is open. Canceled fax. (139)Fax is busy. Canceled send. (139)Fax is busy. Redial pending. (139)Fax receive error. (140)Fax Send error. (140)Fax storage is full. Canceling the fax receive. (141)Fax storage is full. Canceling the fax send. (141)No dial tone. (141)No fax answer. Canceled send. (142)No fax answer. Redial pending. (142)No fax detected. (142)Solve problems sending faxes (143)ENWW xiAn error message displays on the control panel (143)Document feeder paper jam (143)Scanner error (143)The control panel displays a Ready message with no attempt to send the fax. (143)The control panel displays the message "Receiving Page 1" and does not progressbeyond that message (144)Faxes can be received, but not sent (144)Unable to use fax functions from the control panel (144)Unable to use speed dials (144)Unable to use group dials (144)Receive a recorded error message from the phone company when trying to senda fax (145)Unable to send a fax when a phone is connected to the product (145)Solve problems receiving faxes (145)An error message displays on the control panel (145)The fax does not respond (145)Voice mail is available on the fax line (145)The product is connected to a DSL phone service (146)The product uses a fax over IP or VoIP phone service (146)Sender receives a busy signal (146)A handset is connected to the product (146)A phone line splitter is being used (146)Cannot send or receive a fax on a PBX line (146)Solve general fax problems (146)Faxes are sending slowly (146)Fax quality is poor (147)Fax cuts off or prints on two pages (147)Connectivity issues (147)Solve USB direct-connect problems (147)Solve network problems (148)Poor physical connection (148)The computer is using the incorrect IP address for the product (148)The computer is unable to communicate with the product (148)The product is using incorrect link and duplex settings for the network (149)New software programs might be causing compatibility problems (149)The computer or workstation might be set up incorrectly (149)The product is disabled, or other network settings are incorrect (149)Wireless network issues (149)Wireless connectivity checklist (149)The product does not print, and the computer has a third-party firewall installed (150)The wireless connection does not work after moving the wireless router or product (150)xii ENWWCannot connect more computers to the wireless product (150)The wireless product loses communication when connected to a VPN (151)The network does not appear in the wireless networks list (151)The wireless network is not functioning (151)Product software issues (Windows) (151)Product software issues (OS X) (153)The printer driver is not listed in the Print & Scan list (153)The product name does not appear in the product list in the Print & Scan list (153)The printer driver does not automatically set up the selected product in the Print & Scan list (153)A print job was not sent to the product that you wanted (153)When connected with a USB cable, the product does not appear in the Print & Scan list afterthe driver is selected. (153)You are using a generic printer driver when using a USB connection (154)10 Service and support (155)Customer support (156)HP limited warranty statement (157)UK, Ireland, and Malta (158)Austria, Belgium, Germany, and Luxemburg (158)Belgium, France, and Luxemburg (159)Italy (160)Spain (160)Denmark (161)Norway (161)Sweden (161)Portugal (162)Greece and Cyprus (162)Hungary (162)Czech Republic (163)Slovakia (163)Poland (163)Bulgaria (164)Romania (164)Belgium and the Netherlands (164)Finland (165)Slovenia (165)Croatia (165)Latvia (165)Lithuania (166)Estonia (166)Russia (166)ENWW xiiiAppendix A Technical information (167)Product specifications (168)Print specifications (168)Physical specifications (168)Power consumption and electrical specifications (168)Acoustic emission specifications (168)Environmental specifications (168)Environmental product stewardship program (170)Protecting the environment (171)Ozone production (171)Power consumption (171)European Union Commission Regulation 1275/2008 (171)Paper (171)HP PageWide printing supplies (171)Plastics (171)Electronic hardware recycling (172)Material restrictions (172)General battery information (172)Battery disposal in Taiwan (172)California Perchlorate Material Notice (172)EU Battery Directive (172)Battery notice for Brazil (173)Chemical substances (173)EPEAT (173)Disposal of waste equipment by users (173)Toxic and hazardous substance table (China) (174)Restriction on hazardous substances statement (Turkey) (174)Restriction on hazardous substances statement (Ukraine) (174)Restriction of hazardous substance statement (India) (174)China energy label for printer, fax, and copier (175)China SEPA Eco Label user information (175)Regulatory information (176)Regulatory notices (176)Regulatory model identification number (176)FCC statement (176)VCCI statement (Japan) (177)Power cord instructions (177)Power cord statement (Japan) (177)EMC statement (Korea) (177)Visual display workplaces statement for Germany (177)European Union Regulatory Notice (178)xiv ENWWEuropean Union Regulatory Notice (178)Wireless models only (178)Models with fax capability only (178)Additional statements for telecom (fax) products (179)New Zealand telecom statements (179)Additional FCC statement for telecom products (US) (179)Industry Canada CS-03 requirements (180)Notice to users of the Canadian telephone network (181)Australia wired fax statement (181)Notice to users of the German telephone network (181)Additional statements for wireless products (182)Exposure to radio frequency radiation (182)Notice to users in Brazil (182)Canadian statements (182)Japan statement (183)Notice to users in Korea (183)Taiwan statement (183)Mexico statement (183)Index (184)ENWW xvxvi ENWW1Product basics●Product features●Product views●Power on and off●Use the control panel●Quiet ModeENWW1Product featuresPageWide Pro MFP 477dnD3Q19A, D3Q19B, D3Q19C,D3Q19D Tray capacity (75 GSM or 20–lb Bond paper)●Tray 1: 50 sheets ●Tray 2: 500 sheets ●Optional Tray 3: 500 sheets ●Automatic Document Feeder(ADF): 50 sheets●Standard output bin: 300sheetsPrint ●Simplex speeds up to 40 pagesper minute (ppm) for both color and black with Professional quality●Duplex speeds up to 21 ppmfor both color and black with Professional quality●Up to 55 ppm in General Officemode●Walkup Plug-and-Print USBDevice port●Walkup printing of MS Officedocuments Copy ●Simplex speeds up to 40 ppm in black and color ●Single-pass, two-sided copying for speeds up to 26 ppm in black and color ●50-sheet ADF supports page sizes up to 356 mm (14.0 in) in length and 216 mm (8.5 in) in width Scan●Duplex speeds up to 26 ppm for both color and black ●Scan to walkup USB device, email address, network folder, or SharePoint site ●Glass supports page sizes up to 356 mm (14.0 in) in length and up to 216 mm (8.5 in) in width ●HP software enables scanning a document to a file that can be edited ●Compatible with TWAIN, WIA, and WS-Scan programs Fax●Fax to email address ornetwork folder●Fax from walkup control panelor from program on connected computer●Fax archive, fax log, junk-faxblocking, non-volatile fax memory, fax redirect featureConnectivity ●802.3 LAN (10/100) Ethernet port ●Host USB Type A and Type B ports (back)●USB 2.0 Device port (front)PageWide Pro MFP 477dw D3Q20A, D3Q20B, D3Q20C, D3Q20D Has the same features as the PageWide Pro MFP 477dn, and includes the following:●Embedded wireless capability ●802.11n 5GHz dual bandsupport●HP ePrint—send documents tothe product email address for printing●HP Wireless Direct support ●NFC-enabled (Near FieldCommunications); walkup printing from smart phones and tablets●Scan to smart phone 2Chapter 1 Product basics ENWWEnvironmental featuresFeature Environmental benefitDuplex printing Automatic duplex printing is available on all models of HP PageWide Pro MFP477dn/dw series. Duplex printing saves the environment and saves you money.Print multiple pages per sheet Save paper by printing two or more pages of a document side-by-side on onesheet of paper. Access this feature through the printer driver.Copies multiple pages per sheet Save paper by copying two pages of an original document side-by-side on onesheet of paper.Recycling Reduce waste by using recycled paper.Recycle cartridges by using the HP Planet Partners return process.Energy savings Sleep modes and timer options enable this product to quickly go into reducedpower states when not printing, thus saving energy. Accessibility featuresThe product includes several features that aid users with limited vision, hearing, dexterity or strength.●Online user guide that is compatible with text screen-readers.●Cartridges can be installed and removed using one hand.●All doors and covers can be opened using one hand.ENWW Product features3Product views●Front left view●Front right view●Back view●Cartridge door viewFront left viewLabel Description1USB device connection port2Cartridge door3Tray 1 extension4Tray 15Power button6Tray 2–main paper tray7Control panel8Scanner glass4Chapter 1 Product basics ENWWFront right viewLabel Description1Automatic document feeder (ADF) cover2Main output door3ADF paper guides4ADF loading area5ADF output bin6ADF output bin stop7Main output bin stop8Main output binBack viewLabel Description1Ethernet connection port2Fax connection ports3USB Type A and USB Type B ports4Power cord connectionENWW Product views5Label Description5Left door6DuplexerCartridge door viewLabel Description1Cartridge slots2Product serial number and product number3Cartridge part numbers6Chapter 1 Product basics ENWWPower on and offNOTICE:To prevent damage to the product, use only the power cord that is provided with the product.●Turn the product on●Manage power●Turn the product offTurn the product on1.Connect the power cord that is provided with the product to the connection port on the back of theproduct.2.Connect the power cord to a wall outlet with an adequate voltage rating.NOTE:Make sure that your power source is adequate for the product voltage rating. The product useseither 100-240 Vac or 200-240 Vac and 50/60 Hz.3.Press and release the power button on the front of the product.Manage powerHP PageWide Pro MFP 477dn/dw series printers include power-management features that can help reducepower consumption and save energy.●Sleep Mode puts the product in a reduced power-consumption state if it has been idle for a specificlength of time. You can set the length of time before the product enters Sleep Mode from the controlpanel.●Schedule On/Off enables you to turn the product on or off automatically at days and time that you setfrom the control panel. For example, you can set the product to turn off at 6 p.m. on Monday throughFriday.Set the Sleep Mode time1.Open the control panel dashboard (swipe the dashboard tab at the top of any screen downward, ortouch the dashboard area on the home screen).2.On the control panel dashboard, touch .ENWW Power on and off73.Touch Power Management, and then touch Sleep Mode.4.Select one of the time-interval options.The product switches into a reduced power-consumption state when it has been idle for the amount of timethat you select.Schedule the product to turn on or off1.Open the control panel dashboard (swipe the dashboard tab at the top of any screen downward, ortouch the dashboard area on the home screen).2.On the control panel dashboard, touch .3.Touch Power Management, and then touch Schedule Printer On/Off.4.Turn the Schedule On or Schedule Off option on.5.Select the Schedule On or Schedule Off options at the bottom of the screen, and then select the day andtime that you want to schedule.The product switches on or off at the time you select on the day you select.NOTE:The product cannot receive faxes when it is turned off. Faxes sent during a scheduled off interval willprint when the product is turned on.Turn the product offNOTICE:Do not turn off the product if a cartridge is missing. Damage to the product can result.▲Press and release the power button on the front of the product to turn off your HP PageWide Pro MFP 477dn/dw series printer.A warning message appears on the control panel if you attempt to turn the product off when one ormore cartridges are missing.NOTICE:To prevent print-quality problems, turn off the product by using the power button on the frontonly. Do not unplug the product, turn off the powerstrip, or use any other method.8Chapter 1 Product basics ENWWUse the control panel●Control panel buttons●Control panel home screen●Control panel dashboard●Control panel application folders●Control panel shortcuts●Help featuresNOTE:The small text on the control panel is not designed for prolonged viewing.Control panel buttonsButtons and indicator lights on the control panel of HP PageWide Pro MFP 477dn/dw series printers appear litwhen their function is available, and are darkened if their function is not available.1Home button.Touch to view the control panel home screen.2Wireless network indicator.Solid blue when the product is connected to a wireless network. Blinks when the product is searching for awireless connection. Off when the product is connected to a wired network or by a USB cable.3NFC (Near Field Communications) indicator.The product can be enabled for walkup printing from tablets and smart phones.4Back or Cancel button.Touch to return to the previous screen, or to cancel the current process.5Help button.Touch to view the Help menu options.ENWW Use the control panel9。
2-BAY NASData SheetCentralize your storage and backups with a complete network storagesolution and private cloud for small businesses.The Seagate® Business Storage 2-bay NAS is a complete network storage solution designedto keep businesses with up to 20 employees productive by creating a secure private cloud.With the included backup software for Windows®, Time Machine® compatibility and RAIDprotection, it’s simple to keep your critical business files protected. The Business Storage2-bay NAS creates a shared space for your colleagues and clients to collaborate by storingfiles centrally. With the Global Access™ service, you can stay connected to your businessfrom anywhere in the world with free apps for iPhone®, iPad® and Android® devices.The Business Storage 2-bay NAS features a Web interface where clients and coworkers cansecurely download and upload large files. Unlike typical cloud storage services, you retaincomplete ownership and control of your data. Plus, it is so easy to set up and use that there’sno need to hire an IT professional.The Business Storage 2-bay NAS comes with everything your business needs to ensurecomplete protection for all the files stored on PC and Mac® computers in your business. Theincluded BlackArmor® backup software for Windows® PCs will take the hassle out of backingup multiple computers by automating the process. The software helps you protect databy backing up not only the files you store, but also the programs, settings, email and eventhe operating system on your local PCs. With this level of protection, you can restore theentire hard drive on a PC that has suffered a hardware failure. By supporting Time Machine®software, the Business Storage 2-bay NAS offers the same level of data protection for all theMac computers in your business.AMERICAS Seagate Technology LLC 10200 South De Anza Boulevard, Cupertino, California 95014, United States, 408-658-1000 ASIA/PACIFIC Seagate Singapore International Headquarters Pte. Ltd. 7000 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5, Singapore 569877, 65-6485-3888 EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICASeagate Technology SAS 16–18, rue du Dôme, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France, 33 1-4186 10 00© 2013 Seagate Technology LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Seagate, Seagate Technology and the Wave logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC in the United States and/or other countries. BlackArmor and Global Access are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC or one of its affiliated companies in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. When referring to drive capacity, one gigabyte, or GB, equals one billion bytes and one terabyte, or TB, equals one trillion bytes. Your computer’s operating system may use a different standard of measurement and report a lower capacity. In addition, some of the listed capacity is used for formatting and other functions, and thus will not be available for data storage. The export or re-export of hardware or software containing encryption may be regulated by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security (for more information, visit ), and controlled for import and use outside of the U.S. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings orspecifications. DS1777.1-1301 EMEA1 One gigabyte, or GB, equals one billion bytes and one terabyte, or TB, equals one thousand billion bytes when referring to drive capacity.The Business Storage 2-bay NAS includes government-grade hardware encryption technology that helps protect data stored on the NAS.When you access files remotely, the 2-bay NAS also helps protect your data-in-flight with SSL/TLS, the same technology that secures your information when banking online.The 2-bay NAS features a Universal Storage Module (USM ™) slot that makes it incredibly simple and cost-effective to create off-site backups of your data. Start by docking a Seagate ® Backup Plus portable drive in the USM slot. With a touch of a button, you can transfer large files at speeds up to 3× faster than USB 2.0. Undock your portable drive and data, and you’re ready to take your files with you or to a secure, off-site location.The USM slot is also convenient for photographers, videographers and other professionals who routinely bring back large files from the field. Use a Backup Plus portable drive throughout the day and when you’re back at the office, slide the portable drive into the USM slot and—with a touch of a button—all of your work is transferred to a designated folder on the 2-bay NAS.2-BAY NAS。
When it comes to safety, Eaton leads the way in complianceThe new IEEE Std 1584E-2018 guide is based on more than 1800 laboratory tests, compared to just 300 tests for the 2002 model. The result is a new mathematical model and calculation procedure that is more comprehensive, accurate and complex than before.A more accurate procedureIEEE T published IEEE Std1584-2018 in November 2018,the first update to the IEEEGuide for Performing Arc-FlashHazard Calculations in 16 years.It provides a new mathematicalmodel to determine arc flashhazard incident energies andboundaries.What does the new guidemean to me?The new guide adds complexityto arc flash hazard analysis.Implementing the newguidelines requires a deepunderstanding of the natureof arc flash and the possibledangers of working with andaround electrical equipment,in varying arrangements.What you should know:The three major changes toIEEE Std 1584-2018 and howEaton can helpThe exception to exclude <240 Vlocations fed from transformerssmaller than 125 kVA has beenremoved.What it means:In the IEEE Std 1584-2018model, testing has shownthat it may be possible for anarc to sustain at small 208 Vequipment locations, thus theexception has been removed.Per the updated guide, it is lesslikely for an arc to sustain atequipment locations at 240 V orless with a short-circuit currentbelow 2000 A, but an arc flashis still possible. This change addsto the scope of the analysis—previously excluded equipmentshould now be labeled.How Eaton addresses:Eaton now recommends that allthree-phase locations be includedin the arc flash scope andcalculations, due to the removalof the 125 kVA transformerexception. Even for locationswith available short-circuit currentbelow 2000 A, it is still possiblefor an arc to occur. Excludingsmall equipment should bedetermined on a case-by-casebasis depending on the end user/facility operator’s site safety planand risk assessment procedure.Arc flash analysis—complying with IEEE Std 1584-2018 Electrical Engineering Services & SystemsEaton is a registered trademark.All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.Eaton1000 Eaton Boulevard Cleveland, OH 44122United States © 2019 EatonAll Rights Reserved Printed in USAPublication No. PA027048EN / Z23071July 2019Five electrode configurations must be considered during the analysis What it means:The 2002 IEEE Std 1584 model was based on testing of two vertical conductor configurations—vertical conductors in open air and vertical conductors in a metal box enclosure. The 2018 model is based on expanded test data with three additional configurations.•Horizontal conductors in open air•Horizontal conductors in a metal box enclosure •Vertical conductors that end at an insulating barrierThis change adds to the complexity of the analysis— the equipment conductor and enclosure arrangement that most closely resembles the actual electrode configuration of the equipment must now be identified when performing an arc flash analysis.How Eaton can help:With the new model, the equipment conductor and enclosure arrangement that most closely resembles the actual electrode configuration of the equipment must beidentified. It may be tempting to choose the worst-case electrode configuration for all equipment types, but this can lead to overly conservative incident energy calculations and labeling. Eaton’s recommendation is to evaluate the type and class of equipment to determine the possible bus configurations that a worker would be exposed to. With experience as anequipment manufacturer, service organization, and engineering study group, Eaton can help select the configurations that most apply to your equipment.The actual dimensions the equipment enclosure can now be specified What it means:In addition to several new typical equipment classes, the 2018 model allows the actual height, width and depth of an equipment enclosure to be selected, whereas the IEEE Std 1584-2002 model provided typical enclosure dimensions for various classes of equipment. How Eaton can help:With the option of modeling actual equipment enclosure dimensions, study engineers must now decide whether to use typical default dimensions or model the actual height, width and depth.While using actual field-measured values may result in more accurate results, consideration must also be given to the time, effort and increase complexity in obtaining dimensions for all enclosures. Eaton recommends that this tradeoff be considered when performing arc flash studies.Eaton’s recommendation for complianceNFPA-70E requires that an arc flash incident energy analysis be reviewed and updated every 5 years. Eaton recommends that the new IEEE Std 1584-2018 guide be used to provide the most accurate results to ensure the protection of employees and equipment.Why choose Eaton?With 140+ power system engineers across North America, Eaton completes more than 2500 arc flash studies annually and is actively involved in the IEEE Std 1584-2018 Working Group. Eaton is here to help understand how the changes will affect your equipment, arc flash labels and safe work practices.• 95 power system engineers in the U.S.• 31 offices across the U.S.• 2500 studies performed every year•Active involvement in IEEE, the IEEE Std 1584 Working Group and NFPA-70E• Access to the latest power system software versions •On-site field verification and data collection services availableLearn more at/pseand /IEEE1584Follow us on social media to get thelatest product and support information.。
PatternSync Trigger Module for the DSA8200*1Series80A06PatternSync Trigger Module DataSheetFeatures&BenefitsEnables80SJNB–The Advanced Jitter,Noise,and BER AnalysisSoftwareProvides Trigger on Repetitive Patterns from2to223Bits LongProvides Buffered Clock Output for Input to a Phase Reference Module or other DevicesAccepts Clock from Clock Recovery Circuits(CR)in the80A05and 80A07Electrical Clock Recovery Modules,and in the Optical Modules Optional SlotSaver Adapter Provides Power and Control of thePatternSync Trigger Modules,External to the Mainframe,Saving Space for Additional Channels ApplicationsWhen Used in Combination with80SJNB:Characterizing Jitter,Noise, and BER Performance of High-speed Serial Designs from1Gb/s to60Gb/s Data RatesDesign Validation and Testing of Next-generation High-speed Serial Data Computer and Communications Components and SystemsWhen Used in Combination with80SJNB:Jitter,Noise,and BERAnalysis of Multi-gigabit Standards such as Fibre Channel,OIF CEI, XFP,UXPi,SATA,PCI,Physical Layer,XAUI,Gigabit Ethernet,Rapid I/O,InfiniBand,and Other Electrical or Optical CircuitsEnables Capture of Bits in a Repetitive Pattern for Bit Analysis When Only a Clock is Available for TriggeringEnables FrameScan™of Repetitive Patterns When Only a Clock Signal is Available for TriggeringPatternSync Trigger Module80A06PatternSync Trigger module is required for the DSA8200Series when using80SJNB advanced Jitter,Noise,and BER Analysis software package.When this module is used with the82A04Phase Reference module,the jitterfloor is≤200fs RMS.The PatternSync Trigger Module is programmable to pattern lengths ofup to223bits and accepts a user-supplied clock signal from150MHzto12.75GHz.The DSA8200UI/PI for the80A06module offers pattern lengths from2to223bits and programs the module to within it's hardware range(a prescaler followed by a counter with minimum count of30)for the least-common-multiple count.Performance You Can Count OnDepend on Tektronix to provide you with performance you can count on.In addition to industry-leading service and support,this product comes backed by a three-year warranty as standard.*1Also compatible with TDS/CSA8200,TDS/CSA8000B,and TDS/CSA8000sampling oscilloscopes.Not compatible with DSA8300.Order DSA8300ADVTRIG Option for pattern synchronization in theDSA8300.Data SheetCharacteristicsCharacteristic DescriptionAcquisition Modes Standard,Triggered Phase Reference,and FrameScan™Compatible Mainframes DSA8200,TDS/CSA8200,TDS/CSA8000B,and TDS/CSA8000(Not compatible with DSA8300)Mainframe Resources Required One small(electrical)module slot,or TRIGGER PROBE POWER connector on the front panel of the oscilloscope (with available SlotSaver cable)General SpecificationsCharacteristic DescriptionInput/OutputConnectorsPrecision18GHz SMA female connectorInput and OutputImpedance50ΩAbsolute MaximumInput Voltage2.0V p-pMaximum DC Offset±5.0V DCInput Electrical Return Loss50MHz to10GHz>15dB10GHz to20GHz>10dBInput/Output CouplingClock In ACClock Out ACTrigger Out DCSupported Clock RatesMinimum150MHzMaximum12.5GHz,12.75GHz(typical) Prescaler RatiosInput clock(as selected in the UI/PI)150MHz to3.5GHz43.5GHz to7GHz87GHz to12.75GHz16Programmable Pattern LengthMinimum2Maximum223(8,388,608)Front-panel Output AmplitudesClock Out(50ΩAC coupled)150MHz to8.0GHz500mV p-p(typical)8.0GHz to12.75GHz250mV p-p(typical)Trigger Out(50ΩDC coupled,ground referenced)Output HighLevel0VOutput LowLevel–550mV(typical)Front-panel Output Rise and Fall TimesClock Out<60ps(faster for fast input slew rate)Trigger Out<60ps(faster for fast input slew rate)Characteristic DescriptionSystem JitterDSA8200,TDS/CSA8200,andTDS/CSA8000Bwith80A06<1.3ps RMS,850fs RMS(typical)TDS/CSA8000with80A06<1.6ps RMS,1.0ps RMS(typical)DSA8200andTDS/CSA8200with80A06and82A04≤200fs RMS(determined by the82A04,see82A04data sheetfor more details)Minimum InputSensitivity200mV p-pPhysical CharacteristicsDimensions mm in.Height25 1.0Width79 3.1Depth135 5.3Weight kg lb.Net0.40.6 Environmental ConditionsRefer to the host instrument specification.ElectromagneticRefer to the host instrument specification.Ordering Information80A06PatternSync Trigger Module.Includes:User manual,2each12in.SMA cables(174-1364-xx),three-year warranty.Service OptionsOption DescriptionOpt.D1Calibration Data ReportsAccessoriesAccessory Description80N01Sampling Module Extender Cable(2meter length)174-5230-xx SlotSaver Adapter Extender Cable.Bringspower andcontrol to the80A06when operated externally fromthe DSAmainframe,saving slot space(compatible with80A06and80A02)Product(s)are manufactured in ISO registered facilities.Product(s)complies with IEEE Standard488.1-1987,RS-232-C,and with TektronixStandard Codes and Formats.PatternSync Trigger Module for the DSA8200*1Series—80A06PatternSync Trigger Module3Data Sheet Contact Tektronix:ASEAN/Australasia(65)63563900Austria0080022554835*Balkans,Israel,South Africa and other ISE Countries+41526753777Belgium0080022554835*Brazil+55(11)37597627Canada180********Central East Europe and the Baltics+41526753777Central Europe&Greece+41526753777Denmark+4580881401Finland+41526753777France0080022554835*Germany0080022554835*Hong Kong4008205835India0008006501835Italy0080022554835*Japan81(3)67143010Luxembourg+41526753777Mexico,Central/South America&Caribbean52(55)56045090Middle East,Asia,and North Africa+41526753777The Netherlands0080022554835*Norway80016098People’s Republic of China4008205835Poland+41526753777Portugal800812370Republic of Korea00180082552835Russia&CIS+7(495)7484900South Africa+41526753777Spain0080022554835*Sweden0080022554835*Switzerland0080022554835*Taiwan886(2)27229622United Kingdom&Ireland0080022554835*USA180*********European toll-free number.If not accessible,call:+41526753777Updated10February2011For Further Information.Tektronix maintains a comprehensive,constantly expandingcollection of application notes,technical briefs and other resources to help engineers workingon the cutting edge of technology.Please visit Copyright©Tektronix,Inc.All rights reserved.Tektronix products are covered by U.S.and foreign patents,issued and rmation in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material.Specification and price change privileges reserved.TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks ofTektronix,Inc.All other trade names referenced are the service marks,trademarks,or registered trademarksof their respective companies.28Apr201185W-18890-5。
super在Python的用法一、super的基本概念在Python中,super()是一个内置函数,它用于调用父类的方法。
super函数常用于子类中,用来调用父类的初始化方法或其他方法,以实现子类与父类之间的交互。
二、使用super()调用父类的初始化方法子类通常需要继承父类的属性和方法,同时也需要初始化自己的属性。
在这种情况下,可以使用super()来调用父类的初始化方法,并在其基础上添加子类特有的属性。
2.1 示例代码class ParentClass:def __init__(self, name): = nameclass ChildClass(ParentClass):def __init__(self, name, age):super().__init__(name)self.age = agechild = ChildClass("Tom", 10)print() # 输出:Tomprint(child.age) # 输出:102.2 解析•在子类ChildClass中,通过super().__init__(name)调用了父类ParentClass 的初始化方法__init__,并传递了参数name。
•子类ChildClass继承了父类ParentClass的属性name,同时新增了自己的属性age。
•实例化子类ChildClass时,既可以传递父类的属性值,也可以传递子类的属性值。
•使用super()调用父类的初始化方法,使得子类能够继承父类的属性并进行初始化,避免了重复编写初始化代码的繁琐。
三、使用super()调用父类的其他方法除了调用父类的初始化方法,super()还可以用于调用父类的其他方法。
这在子类需要在父类方法的基础上进行扩展或修改时非常有用。
3.1 示例代码class ParentClass:def greet(self):print("Hello, I'm a parent.")class ChildClass(ParentClass):def greet(self):super().greet()print("Hello, I'm a child.")child = ChildClass()child.greet()3.2 解析•子类ChildClass继承了父类ParentClass的方法greet,但子类中对该方法进行了重写。
a rXiv:as tr o-ph/1266v214Fe b21Astron.Nachr.000(0000)0,000–000A ‘superoutburst’in XTE J1118+480Erik Kuulkers ∗,Utrecht,The Netherlands Space Research Organization Netherlands Received;accepted I propose that the properties of the two outbursts observed in the X-ray transient XTE J1118+480in 2000are akin to super-outbursts of SU UMa stars.In these systems a ‘normal’outburst immediately precedes a 5–10times longer (‘super’)outburst.The optical light curve of the outbursts of XTE J1118+480is remarkably similar to that seen in some SU UMa stars,such as UV Per and T Leo,where the precursor outburst is distinct from the superoutburst,but the time scales are a factor of ∼15different.The first outburst of XTE J1118+480was relatively short (∼1month)while the second outburst was ∼5times longer.During the second outburst superhumps were seen,a feature characteristic for superoutbursts.The gap of about a month between the two outbursts is longer in X-rays with respect to the optical,a feature not previously recognized for X-ray transients.Also in SU UMa stars the precursor outburst becomes more distinct at shorter wavelengths.Finally,I show that the time of appearance of the superhumps in XTE J1118+480is consistent with the expected superhump growth time,if the superhump mechanism was triggered during the first outburst.I conclude that the similarity in outburst behaviour in the two types of systems provides further support that a common mechanism is at work to start the long (‘super’)outbursts.Key words:binaries:close —stars:individual (XTE J1118+480,UV Per,T Leo)—novae,cataclysmic variables —X-rays 1.Introduction Outbursts in dwarf novae,a subgroup of the cataclysmic variables (CVs)1,and X-ray novae or (soft)X-ray transients (SXTs),a subgroup of the low-mass X-ray binaries 2,are thought to be due to an enhancement of the mass transfer rate through the accretion disk (see,e.g.,Lasota 1996).A subgroup of the dwarf novae,the SU UMa stars (see Warner 1995a,1995b for reviews)shows both short and long outbursts.These outbursts are referred to as ‘normal’outbursts and ‘super’-outbursts,respectively.Normal outbursts have durations on the order of days to a week,whereas superoutbursts may last for a week to several weeks.Only during superoutbursts a periodic modulation appears,with a period which is a few percent longer than the orbital period:the ‘super’-hump.The superoutburst recurrence times are from weeks to months to decades.In between superoutbursts one or more normal outbursts may occur.The longer superoutburst is most probablythe consequence of a (temporal)increase in the transfer rate from the donor,possibly triggered by heating of the companion (e.g.,Smak 1995,1996).The superhumps are thought to arise due to the excitation of the 3:1orbital resonance in the disk (Whitehurst 1988;Lubow 1991),causing the disk to become eccentric and to precess,and may be triggered only in systems with ratios of the donor mass to the compact mass,q ,of less then ∼0.33(e.g.,Whitehurst &King 1991;Whitehurst 1994).This requirement is reached in the SU UMa stars.Since in most of the SXTs the compact object is a black hole (e.g.,Charles 1998),they have generally small mass ratios as well,and their disks are therefore also subject to the 3:1resonance (e.g.,Whitehurst 1994).Superhumps have indeed been reported during outbursts of a few SXTs (see O’Donoghue &Charles,1996,and references therein).The tidal stresses in the outer disk cause a local enhancement in the intensity,resulting in a hump in the light curve when the enhancement appears in our line of sight in the SU UMa stars,with a period a few per cent longer than the orbital period.In the SXTs,however,the optical light is dominated by the X-ray reprocessing,and there superhumps can be seen because of the varying area of the eccentric disk (Haswell et al.2001).The superoutbursts in SU UMa stars are immediately preceded by a normal outburst (Bateson 1977;Marino &Walker 1979;van der Woerd &van Paradijs 1987).Sometimes the precursor normal outburst is well separated from the superoutburst (e.g.,T Leo [see also Kato 1997]and UV Per:see Fig.1);at other times this separationErik Kuulkers:A‘superoutburst’in XTE J1118+4801Fig.1:Optical light curves of the su-peroutbursts of UV Per(upper panel)in1996and T Leo in1997(lower panel;see also Howell et al.1999).Op-tical data comprise visual estimatesand CCD measurements reported toVSNET(Variable Star NETwork),theAAVSO,the VSOLJ and the AFOEV.For UV Per I also used data fromthe BAAVSS/TA.Upper limits are de-noted as∨.The data have rebinned toa time resolution of0.1day.The quies-cent levels of these systems are17.1–17.9and15.2–15.9mag,respectively(see Ritter&Kolb1998).Note thedrop in magnitude in the light curve afew days after the start of the outburst,and theflat top during the main partof the outburst.UV Per also shows re-brightenings after the main superout-burst.is not clear,i.e.the normal outburst profile smoothly changes into the superoutburst profile(Marino&Walker1979).In the latter case at least the rise to maximum brightness is similar to that in normal outbursts(see e.g., Warner1995b,and references therein).At shorter wavelengths,however,the separation becomes more evident.A nice example is the1984superoutburst of VW Hyi(Pringle et al.1987;Polidan&Holberg1987):the Voyager far-UV outburst light curve showed a clear precursor akin to a normal outburst,while in the optical this was not evident.Another example is the1987superoutburst of Z Cha:the precursor was not obvious in the V-band,whileit became progressively more distinct in the near-UV wavelengths(Kuulkers et al.1991).The outbursts of SXTs last typically much longer(∼months)and are more energetic,basically due to the deeper potential well of the compact object and the presence of irradiation of the disk by X-rays(see,e.g,van Paradijs&McClintock1994,1995).Also,their recurrence times are generally much longer than those in dwarf novae,i.e.∼years to decades.As the number of known X-ray transients began to grow(e.g.,White,Kaluzienski&Swank 1984;see also Chen,Shrader&Livio1997),it was already soon realized that outbursts in SXTs may be triggeredby the same mechanism as those in dwarf novae(van Paradijs&Verbunt1984).In fact,it is an extreme group of the SU UMa stars(i.e those having superoutbursts with very long recurrence times,∼years to decades,but [almost]no normal outburst),which shows the best resemblance with the SXTs(Lasota1996;Kuulkers,Howell &van Paradijs1996;Kuulkers1999,2000;Hellier2001).The members of this group are referred to as WZ Sge stars(e.g.,Bailey1979),or sometimes as‘tremendous outburst amplitude dwarf novae’(TOADs,Howell,Szkody &Cannizzo1995).Some of the superoutbursts of WZ Sge stars have been seen to exhibit a precursor as well(see,e.g.,Fig.1). However,it is not clear whether all the superoutbursts in WZ Sge stars(such as those in WZ Sge itself)are preceded by a normal outburst(but see the Discussion).X-ray precursors to the main long X-ray outbursts have been seen in several SXTs.Sometimes,even a sequence of outbursts appear after a long quiescent time(see Chen et al. 1997,and references therein).Since SXT outbursts are alwaysfirst detected in X-rays(except for those with more frequent recurrent outbursts,like Aql X-1and GRO J1655−40),the optical identification almost always comes later. It was therefore hitherto not possible to judge whether precursors also exist in the optical(or other wavelengths). For the few more frequent outbursting SXTs,when both optical and X-ray observations are available,either the coverage is rather sparse,or it is not clear whether a wavelength dependent precursor exist.Note,however,that at least the start of the outburst of these SXTs shows similar features to that seen in the normal outbursts of SU UMa stars,i.e.a delay in the start in the X-ray outburst with respect to the optical(GRO J1655−40:Orosz et al.1997;Aql X-1:Shahbaz et al.1998;XTE J1550−564:compare Smith et al.2000with Jain&Bailyn2000). In SU UMa stars this is seen in the form of a UV-delay with respect to the optical of up to half a day(Warner 1995a,and references therein).This suggests that(most of)the SXT outbursts start as a‘normal’outburst(see, e.g.,Hameury et al.1997,in the case of GRO J1655−40),triggers a(temporal)increase in the transfer rate from the secondary by X-ray heating(e.g.,Esin,Lasota&Hynes2000),and proceeds as a long(super)outburst.2Astron.Nachr.000(0000)0Fig.2:Optical(upper panel)andX-ray(lower panel)light curve ofthe two outbursts seen so far ofXTE J1118+480.Optical data com-prise visual estimates,photographicand CCD measurements reported toVSNET,see also Uemura et al.(2000c).Upper limits are denoted as∨.In qui-escence the source reaches∼19mag(Uemura et al.2000a,2000c).The X-ray data are from the All Sky Moni-tor(2–12keV)onboard the Rossi X-rayTiming Explorer.All data have beenrebinned to a time resolution of2days.Outbursts of both SU UMa stars and SXTs enables us study unstable accretion disks,as well as the occurrence of tidal resonances in these disks.Because of the number of SU UMa stars known and the higher frequency of occurrence of superoutbursts,observations of these stars may provide us clues in understanding the behaviour of SXTs.On the other hand,the outbursts of SXTs last much longer,so processes can be studied in more detail,which may be rather shortlived in SU UMa stars.Moreover,by comparison of the two classes,the effect of especially X-ray irradiation can be investigated.The outbursts in a recently detected SXT,XTE J1118+480had ample coverage in both X-rays and optical(e.g.,Uemura et al.2000c).In this paper,I speculate for thefirst time on the existence of a(wavelength dependent)precursor in an SXT outburst;I also provide a possible interpretation of the observed characteristics of the superhumps found in this system.2.XTE J1118+480in outburstA high galactic latitude X-ray transient,XTE1118+480,was discovered on2000March29in data from the All Sky Monitor(ASM)onboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer(Remillard et al.2000).Retrospective analysis showed that the X-ray outburst had already begun near March5,and that another outburst had occurred on2000January 2–29.The optical counterpart was reported soon after the X-ray discovery(Uemura,Kato&Yamaoka2000a, Uemura et al.2000c).Archival photographic data(Uemura et al.2000a,2000c),as well as data from the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment(ROTSE;Wren&McKay2000)confirmed the earlier outburst in January, as well as the rise to the second outburst,in the optical.XTE J1118+480was found to be also active inγ-rays (Wilson&McCollough2000)and at radio wavelengths(Pooley&Waldram2000).The source was in the so-called low/hard state commonly seen in SXTs containing a black hole,at least after the discovery date(Revnivtsev, Gilfanov&Churazov2000,Hynes et al.2000,Wood et al.2000).The characteristics of the second outburst of XTE J1118+480are similar to that seen during the‘mini-outbursts’(or‘reflares’)in the SXT GRO J0422+32(both events featured low X-ray to optical luminosities,superhumps[see below],similar optical spectra,low/hard state, similar orbital period;Hynes et al.2000,Dubus et al.2001a).Based on the characteristics described above,the compact object in XTE J1118+480was believed to be a black hole.The confirmation came recently,when the dynamical evidence for the presence of a black hole was announced by McClintock et al.(2000,2001)and Wagner et al.(2000):f(M)∼6M⊙.The mass ratio,q,is plausibly between0.02–0.13(Dubus et al.2001a)and one therefore expects to see super-humps.Indeed photometric modulations were found soon after the discovery of the optical counterpart at a period of∼4.1hrs(Cook et al.2000,Uemura et al.2000b).Their period changed from4.102to4.087hrs,while their shape changed from sinusoidal to‘asymmetric hump’like(Uemura et al.2000b).The latter bear resemblance to superhumps seen in SU UMa stars;however,it was not clear whether the superhump evolved from an orbital hump due to X-ray irradiation of the secondary(Uemura et al.2000c),or that both were in fact superhumps in a different fashion.In SU UMa stars and SXTs,the superhump period is always longer than the orbital period(although CVs exist with superhump periods less than the orbital period;however,none of them are SU UMa stars,see PattersonErik Kuulkers:A‘superoutburst’in XTE J1118+4803 1999).Moreover,the orbital period has been established recently:4.08hr(McClintock et al.2000,2001,Wagner et al.2000).Also,a(small)decay in the superhump period is generally seen during a superoutburst.This,therefore, suggests that all of the modulations observed during the outburst were superhumps.In Fig.2I show the optical and X-ray light curves of XTE J1118+480during the two outbursts.It was already noted by Uemura et al.(2000c)that thefirst outburst lasted longer in the optical than X-rays.Moreover,they found that the second outburst started∼10days earlier in the optical with respect to the X-rays.As noted in the Introduction,delays between the X-ray and optical start of the outburst are not uncommon in SXTs.A delay between the optical and X-rays can be present during the rise to thefirst outburst as well,however,the optical data are too sparse during that period.As can be seen in Fig.2,the second outburst also started to decay earlier in the X-rays,with respect to the optical.This is also seen in other SXT outbursts(e.g.,A0620−00:see Kuulkers 1998),and is typical of X-ray irradiated disks(Dubus,Hameury&Lasota2001b).The second outburst of XTE J1118+480has aflat top shape in both the optical and X-rays.Suchflat tops are also not uncommon in SXT outbursts(see Chen et al.1997).Similarflat tops in the optical can be seen in outbursts of SU UMa stars The resemblance of the outburst light curve of XTE J1118+480with those of,for example,T Leo and UV Per(see Fig.1),is rather striking.The only main difference is the difference in timescale, a factor of∼15;this is similar to that seen when comparing other SXT and SU UMa stars(e.g.,Kuulkers et al. 1996).3.DiscussionUemura et al.(2000c)concluded that thefirst and second outburst are reminiscent of an‘inside-out’and an ‘outside-in’type of outburst,respectively,and that the two types are related to the two types of outbursts seen in the SU UMa stars,i.e.normal and superoutbursts.I,however,go one step further and speculate that the two outbursts are in fact connected,i.e.the second outburst evolved from thefirst outburst.This is similar to that seen in SU UMa stars,where a normal outburst precedes a superoutburst.In XTE J1118+480the precursor ‘normal’outburst is clearly distinguishable from the second long(‘super’)outburst,resembling the T Leo and UV Per superoutburst light curves.Also the ratio of the durations of the two outbursts are similar to the ratio of durations in the precursor normal outburst and superoutburst in SU UMa stars(see Warner1995b):∼5.Moreover, the time between the maximum of thefirst outburst and the start of the second outburst of XTE J1118+480is longer in X-rays with respect to the optical.This is analogous to that seen in superoutbursts,where the precursor is more distinct at shorter wavelengths.Between the precursor and the actual superoutburst in SU UMa stars quiescence is never reached in the optical.Although this may be suggestive for XTE J1118+480too(Fig.2),there are only upper limits(∼15mag)for a∼20day interval.Note that the decline from the precursor normal outburst in VW Hyi occurred more or less at the same time in the optical and far-UV(as is the case for all normal outbursts in dwarf novae,see Warner1995a)in contrast with that seen in XTE J1118+480.This is due to the absence of disk irradiation in SU UMa stars(see Dubus et al.2001b).In order for the3:1orbital resonance to be excited to start the superhumps,the disk has to grow beyond its tidal radius.The precursor normal outburst may have provided the trigger for this,although the exact mechanism is still not clear(see,e.g.,Osaki1996;Smak1996;Hameury,Lasota&Warner2000,for more details and discussions). The time between the maximum of the precursor outburst and the time of start of superhumps ranges from1–3days in normal SU UMa stars to up to10days in WZ Sge stars(see Vogt1993;Warner1995a,1995b).The superhumps in SU UMa stars start near the rise to the actual superoutburst maximum(see,e.g.,Warner1995a),and therefore the timescale is effectively the time between precursor maximum and the time of start of the actual superoutburst. In black hole SXTs and some WZ Sge stars the start of the superhumps is accompanied by a(brief)increase in luminosity,causing a secondary maximum on the way of decline.(see,e.g.,Kato et al.1995;Kuulkers et al.1996; Cannizzo1998;Patterson et al.1998;O’Donoghue2000,and references therein).The time between the maximum of the outburst and the start of the superhumps in black hole SXTs is45–55days(see,e.g.,Charles&O’Donoghue 1996;Kuulkers et al.1996;Cannizzo1998).It may be that the part of the outburst before the secondary maximum in these systems is the‘precursor’to the part of the outburst after the secondary maximum.Interestingly,the secondary maximum becomes more pronounced in X-rays with respect to optical in,e.g.,GRO J0422+32,which may be related to a wavelength dependent precursor.However,for other SXTs this is not so clear(see Kuulkers 1998,and references therein).The time between the precursor maximum and the start of superhumps(or,equivalently,time of rise to superoutburst maximum or secondary maximum)is thought to be related to the superhump growth time(see,e.g., Warner1995b).The superhump growth time is(ideally)proportional to P orb q−2(where P orb is the orbital period; Lubow1991;see also Warner1995b),which is in excellent agreement with that observed in SU UMa stars(one also has to take into account here whether the donor is a main sequence star or degenerate star,Warner1995b).For the black hole SXTs in which superhumps are seen,with P orb≃5–10hr and q≃0.04–0.1,the superhump growth time4Astron.Nachr.000(0000)0 is a factor of∼30larger than in SU UMa stars(as already recognized earlier,by,e.g.,Ichikawa,Mineshige&Kato 1994),indeed in the range observed.Now,for XTE J1118+480,with P orb=4.08hr and q≃0.02−0.1,this leads to a(rather large)range in the estimated growth times between17–430days.The time between the maximum of thefirst outburst and the start of the second outburst is on the order of30–50days in XTE J1118+480.If, as I speculate here,thefirst(‘normal’)outburst of XTE J1118+480indeed evolved into the second outburst,this timescale may reflect the superhump growth time,which is consistent with the estimated range in growth time. Conversely,one might get a crude estimate of q,assuming the observed superhump growth time is∼30–50days, i.e.q≃0.06–0.075;this is also consistent with the value of q inferred from the optical spectroscopic measurements of the secondary star and the range postulated by Dubus et al.(2001a;see Sect.2).If the superhumps in XTE J1118+480developed during the second outburst,no superhumps are expected during thefirst outburst in XTE J1118+480.Note that in SU UMa superoutbursts brightness modulations with periods equal to the orbital period have been seen before the start of superhumps(see,e.g.,Warner1995a). Unfortunately,no observations exist to confirm whether there are any kind of modulations during thefirst outburst of XTE J1118+480.Since the inclination at which one views XTE J1118+480is likely to be low and its distance is only∼800pc (Hynes et al.2000;Dubus et al.2001a),the intrinsic X-ray luminosity from the inner parts of the accretion disk is low,and thus X-ray irradiation may not be as strong as in other SXTs.As discussed in Sect.2,the superhump shape changed from sinusoidal to‘asymmetric hump’like.The former are expected if they are due to a periodically varying area of an eccentric(precessing)X-ray irradiated accretion disk(Haswell et al.2001),while the latter are typical of SU UMa type of superhumps(see,e.g.,Warner1995a),i.e.due to tidal stresses in a non(or weak) X-ray irradiated accretion disk.This may suggest that irradiation dominated the optical light during the part of the second outburst when the superhumps had a sinusoidal shape,but when the outburst progressed irradiation became less strong,and the(outer)disk itself became the dominant source of optical light.I conclude that from a phenomenological comparison of the outburst characteristics of XTE J1118+480with those seen in SU UMa stars,the two outbursts witnessed in XTE J1118+480may be a superoutburst which evolved from a precursor normal outburst.This is thefirst indication of the presence of such a feature in SXTs.Close monitoring at various wavelengths of future outbursts of this system and of other SXTs may provide more ex-amples of the existence of precursors,and may help to gain more insight in the mechanism for producing long (’super’)outbursts and the occurrence of superhumps.I end by noting that not all the SXTs have simple light curves similar to that outlined here.Outbursts of,e.g.,GRO J1655−40(see Chen et al.1997;Hynes et al.1998; Sobczak et al.1999)and XTE J1550−564(e.g.,Jain et al.1999)are certainly more complex,and it remains to be seen if a similar reasoning,as I have done for XTE J1118+480applies to these systems as well. Acknowledgements.I thank Jean in’t Zand,Jean-Pierre Lasota and Jerry Orosz for discussions,and the referee for his valuable criticism.I acknowledge the use of daily averaged quick-look results provided by the ASM/RXTE team.In this research,I have also used,and acknowledge with thanks,data from the AAVSO International Database,based on observations submitted to the AAVSO by variable star observers worldwide;I also made use of the AFOEV(Association Francaise des Observateurs d’Etoiles Variables)database,operated at CDS,France,as well as of observations obtained by the VSOLJ(Variable Star Observers League in Japan),the BAAVSS(British Astronomical Association Variable Star Section)and’The Astronomer’organisation(TA),and observations reported to the International Mailing List on Variable Stars(VSNET4).Part of this work is entirely attributed to“the zeal and assiduity,not only of the public observers,but also of the many private individuals,who nobly sacrifice a great portion of their time 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