超全面考研英语英汉翻译笔记(159页)

第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。

2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。

或减少到。

Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。

二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。

5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。

英语考翻译的进来看看：比较全的英语翻译笔记，希望对大家有用★★★英语翻译笔记考研翻译的程序1. 划动词，定主谓，明确各分句。

2. 缕关系，定词义，按意群翻译。

3. 按逻辑调整语序（意群内部的语序），写中文表达。

4. 重组合，删多余，核对和检查。

定语从句的翻译定语从句就是起定语作用的从句。

代词主要有which，that，who，where等等定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两大类在翻译时，限定性定语从句就是把定语前置；非限定性定语从句通常要独立成句。

定语从句表示原因，结果，转折等状语关系意思，翻译时要把这种关系表达出来。

定语从句的译法有三种：前置定语，独立成句，译成状语从句。

定语从句在翻译时由于信息量复杂，通常把定语从句从原句中解放出来，译成具有表达能力的独立叙述结构。

一、定语从句的前置1995年All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades research productive, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. 72. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.1. 划动词，定主谓，明确各分句。

英语专业研究生考试笔记，英汉翻译笔记:6.词组的翻译英语专业研究生考试笔记，英汉翻译笔记：第六部分词组的翻译1.all＋抽象名词/抽象名词＋itself ＝very + adj.He was all gentleness to her.他对她非常温存。

To his superiors, he is humility itself。

对于长辈，他极为谦逊。

分析：该结构原来是表示某种性质达到极点的一种说法，有“非常”、“尽管”、“一味”、“尽”的含义，有时甚至可以译为“。

的化身”、“。

的具体化”。

普通复数名词用于“all”之后，也是表达这种概念。

He is all smiles.他一味地笑。

She is all eyes.她盯着看。

I am all anxiety.我真担心。

He is all attention.他全神贯注地听着。

2.Something (much) of / nothing (little) ofMr.Li is something of a philospher.李先生略具哲学家风范。

Mr. Wu is nothing of a musician.吴先生全无音乐家的风味。

Mr. Lu is very much of a poet.陆先生大有诗人气派。

Mr.Liu is little of a scholar.刘先生几无学者风度。

分析：此为表示“程度”的形容词短语，有时可以当作副词翻译。

Something of ＝to some extent（某程度），在问句和条件句中则用anyting of（略有、多少）。

nothing of译作“全无、毫无”。

相类似的情况：to be something of = to have something of + 名词＋in ＋代名词He is nothing in ability of an orator = He has nothing of an orator in his ability.他毫无演说家的才能。

考研英语精读笔记总结1991年第一篇：1.重要词汇点：triumph n./v. 胜利urgent a.紧急的struggle to do 努力做，试图做hold back 阻止，隐瞒tide n.潮流ingredient n.要素；配料accountability n.责任，责任心，责任感accountable a.负责的account for 解释；占据(比例) 为sth负责be liable for sthvalues n.价值观ultimate a.最终的，最大的ultimately ad.impose sth on sb 将sth强加于sb external a.外部的internal a.内部的restraint n.限制restrain vt.限制guilt n.内疚，内疚感；罪行，罪责be guilty of sth 对sth有罪embarrass vt.使尴尬embarrassment n.community n.社区；社会；界，圈子；地方the scientific community 科学界hold up 举起；支撑；阻碍proclaim v.宣称tolerate v.容忍，宽容loose a.松的，松散的loosen v.使松，使松散typical a.典型的consider A B 把A看作B A is considered B. A被看作B。

enrage vt.激怒 rage n.愤怒breakdown n.崩溃；分解radical a.根本的；激进的shift n./v.转变，转换，变动commit crimes 犯罪victim n.牺牲品victimize vt.使成为牺牲品shocking a.令人震惊的reverse v./a./n.颠倒；倒退；反转reversal n. underprivileged a.弱势的，缺乏基本权益的bring up 抚养；提出upbringing n. 抚养；提出fail to do 未能；无法moral a.道德的；品行端正的guidance n.指导，引导guide v. stable a.稳定的disadvantaged a. 弱势的，缺乏基本权益的circumstances n.环境engage in = be engaged in 从事，进行desperate a.绝望的；不顾一切的desperately ad. 绝望的；不顾一切的；及其，非常evil n./a.邪恶virtue n.美德；优点wise a. 智慧的，明智的wisdom n. prevail vi. 占上风，盛行，流行prent a. prence n. defeat n./v.击败；失败desirable a.可取的= advisable a. = preferable a. = favorable a. bear the blame for sth 为sth负责be held responsible for sth 为sth负责be responsible for sth 为sth负责self-discipline n.自律restrict v.限制mutual a.相互的；共同的stick to 坚持s restriction n.限制 restrictive a.限制的，限制性的第二篇：adolescence n.青春期adulthood n.成年，成年期adult n./a.成年；成年的as to 关于constitute vt.构成constitution n.构成；体质；宪法maturity n.成熟 mature a. primitive a.原始的frequently ad. = often 经常frequent a. relatively ad.相对的，比较的，很pattern n.模式；规律prolonged a.延长的prolong vt. 延长couple n.一对，两口子 a couple of 几个ceremony n.仪式coupled with 伴随，伴随着status n.身份，地位，状态given a.特定的frontier n.边界，边界定居区；前沿，尖端universally ad. 普遍地universal a formal a.正式的informal a.不正式的recognition n.承认，认可recognize vt. symbolic a.象征的，象征性的 symbol n. significance n. 重要性，意义 significant a. initiation n.使进入；开始，使开始initiation ceremony n.进入仪式，开始仪式；成年仪式sequence n.系列 sequent a. privilege n.特权minor a./n.较小的vote v.投票remove vt.去除 removal n. grant vt.授予fare n.票价obtain vt.获得license n.执照basically ad.基本上；基本而言basic a. liquor n.烈酒financial a.金融的；财政的；财务的finance n.金融；财政；vt.资助contract n.合同contract vt.收缩acquire vt.获得additional a.额外的，其他的majority n.大部分；主体attain vt.获得；达到provision n.提供；预防，准备；约定；规定point to 表明mark vt.标志着give place to 让位于dividing line 分界线join the army 参军exist vi.存在existence n. existent a. permission n.允许permit vt.第三篇contain v.包括，包含；遏制term A B = call A B = name A B 把A称作B composed of 由...组成composition n.组成；结构；作品occur vi.发生mineral element 矿物质dissolve v.溶解solution n.溶液woody a.木质的；木头的stem n.茎干tissue n.组织in the presence of 在...存在的情况下solid a./n.固体；紧密的minute a.微小的n.分钟opening n.开口；空缺vapor n.蒸汽trace n.极少量；踪迹quantity n.数量saturation n.饱和saturate v.饱和 3 parts in 10 parts 十分之三F = Fahrenheit 华氏温度；华氏温度计intake n.摄入；摄入量in terms of 就...而言in proportion to 与...成比例的；与...相比的concentration n.集中；聚集synthesize vt.合成synthesis n.合成sustain v.支撑derive sth from A 从A获得sth preserve v.保存develop an idea 阐述一个观点utilize vt.利用absorb v.吸收It is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. （It is as proper to do A as to do B. 做A和做B是一样恰当的）把植物称作水构造，和把一所主要由砖构成的房子称作砖房一样，都是恰当的。

翻译的定义：美国翻译理论家奈达说，翻译就是在译入语中用最切近而又自然的对应信息再现原语的信息，首先是在意义上，其次是在文体上，他还说翻译不止是一门科学，而且说到底完美的翻译永远是一种艺术。

翻译的标准，严复的信、达、雅。

鲁迅认为：凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保存着原作的风姿。

翻译的分类：就所涉及的语言来分可分为语内翻译和语外翻译。

就操作方式而言，可分为口译，笔译，机器翻译。

就翻译的文体而言，可分为实用文体和文学文体。

就翻译的活动的处理方式而言，可分为全译，编译，节译，摘译等。

结构对比：汉语意合重于形合，英语形合生于意合。

英语句子多前重心，汉语句子多后重心，英语有少用动词或使用其他手段表示动作意义的自然倾向，而汉语则有动辄使用动词的固有习惯。

英语的物称倾向十分明显。

英语被动语态的使用频率很高。

英语句子常常是环扣相嵌，盘根错节，句中有句，而汉语结构相对比较简单，多用积累式分句或独立的单句。

句子（根据环境译）英语表达习惯1、always remember you 永远记住你2、it’s a shame/that’s too bad 真遗憾3、mind the steps 小心台阶4、请勿疲劳驾驶do not fatigue driving5、我感到很痛I feel great pain .I am painful6、亚洲四小龙the four little tigers of Asia7、百里挑一one in a thousand8、干杯（一饮而尽）cheers! Bottom up.9、不许动（警察或劫匪的吆喝语）Freeze!10、到此为止吧，不必多说了period！11、时间到Time’s over /Game is over /Game!12、谢天谢地Amen！13、别紧张relax！14、我们吹了we’re though 完了，没戏了I’m though15、他活不长（生命受到威胁）he’s history16、没什么好紧张的（没什么大不了的）No sweat17、(从前)海边住着一个渔夫At the seaside lived a fisherman.A fisherman lived at the seaside.There lived a fisherman at the seaside18、随后跳舞开始了Then they danced./Then then dance began 到时间了。

考研英语精读笔记总结1991年第一篇：1.重要词汇点：triumph n./v. 胜利urgent a.紧急的struggle to do 努力做，试图做hold back 阻止，隐瞒tide n.潮流ingredient n.要素；配料accountability n.责任，责任心，责任感accountable a.负责的account for 解释；占据(比例) 为sth负责be liable for sthvalues n.价值观ultimate a.最终的，最大的ultimately ad.impose sth on sb 将sth强加于sb external a.外部的internal a.内部的restraint n.限制restrain vt.限制guilt n.内疚，内疚感；罪行，罪责be guilty of sth 对sth有罪embarrass vt.使尴尬embarrassment n.community n.社区；社会；界，圈子；地方the scientific community 科学界hold up 举起；支撑；阻碍proclaim v.宣称tolerate v.容忍，宽容loose a.松的，松散的loosen v.使松，使松散typical a.典型的consider A B 把A看作B A is considered B. A被看作B。

enrage vt.激怒 rage n.愤怒breakdown n.崩溃；分解radical a.根本的；激进的shift n./v.转变，转换，变动commit crimes 犯罪victim n.牺牲品victimize vt.使成为牺牲品shocking a.令人震惊的reverse v./a./n.颠倒；倒退；反转reversal n. underprivileged a.弱势的，缺乏基本权益的bring up 抚养；提出upbringing n. 抚养；提出fail to do 未能；无法moral a.道德的；品行端正的guidance n.指导，引导guide v. stable a.稳定的disadvantaged a. 弱势的，缺乏基本权益的circumstances n.环境engage in = be engaged in 从事，进行desperate a.绝望的；不顾一切的desperately ad. 绝望的；不顾一切的；及其，非常evil n./a.邪恶virtue n.美德；优点wise a. 智慧的，明智的wisdom n. prevail vi. 占上风，盛行，流行prent a. prence n. defeat n./v.击败；失败desirable a.可取的= advisable a. = preferable a. = favorable a. bear the blame for sth 为sth负责be held responsible for sth 为sth负责be responsible for sth 为sth负责self-discipline n.自律restrict v.限制mutual a.相互的；共同的stick to 坚持s restriction n.限制 restrictive a.限制的，限制性的第二篇：adolescence n.青春期adulthood n.成年，成年期adult n./a.成年；成年的as to 关于constitute vt.构成constitution n.构成；体质；宪法maturity n.成熟 mature a. primitive a.原始的frequently ad. = often 经常frequent a. relatively ad.相对的，比较的，很pattern n.模式；规律prolonged a.延长的prolong vt. 延长couple n.一对，两口子 a couple of 几个ceremony n.仪式coupled with 伴随，伴随着status n.身份，地位，状态given a.特定的frontier n.边界，边界定居区；前沿，尖端universally ad. 普遍地universal a formal a.正式的informal a.不正式的recognition n.承认，认可recognize vt. symbolic a.象征的，象征性的 symbol n. significance n. 重要性，意义 significant a. initiation n.使进入；开始，使开始initiation ceremony n.进入仪式，开始仪式；成年仪式sequence n.系列 sequent a. privilege n.特权minor a./n.较小的vote v.投票remove vt.去除 removal n. grant vt.授予fare n.票价obtain vt.获得license n.执照basically ad.基本上；基本而言basic a. liquor n.烈酒financial a.金融的；财政的；财务的finance n.金融；财政；vt.资助contract n.合同contract vt.收缩acquire vt.获得additional a.额外的，其他的majority n.大部分；主体attain vt.获得；达到provision n.提供；预防，准备；约定；规定point to 表明mark vt.标志着give place to 让位于dividing line 分界线join the army 参军exist vi.存在existence n. existent a. permission n.允许permit vt.第三篇contain v.包括，包含；遏制term A B = call A B = name A B 把A称作B composed of 由...组成composition n.组成；结构；作品occur vi.发生mineral element 矿物质dissolve v.溶解solution n.溶液woody a.木质的；木头的stem n.茎干tissue n.组织in the presence of 在...存在的情况下solid a./n.固体；紧密的minute a.微小的n.分钟opening n.开口；空缺vapor n.蒸汽trace n.极少量；踪迹quantity n.数量saturation n.饱和saturate v.饱和 3 parts in 10 parts 十分之三F = Fahrenheit 华氏温度；华氏温度计intake n.摄入；摄入量in terms of 就...而言in proportion to 与...成比例的；与...相比的concentration n.集中；聚集synthesize vt.合成synthesis n.合成sustain v.支撑derive sth from A 从A获得sth preserve v.保存develop an idea 阐述一个观点utilize vt.利用absorb v.吸收It is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. （It is as proper to do A as to do B. 做A和做B是一样恰当的）把植物称作水构造，和把一所主要由砖构成的房子称作砖房一样，都是恰当的。

第一次课好英文：主次分明，逻辑严密，主三次八（主则主句主谓主系表，次则从句名形介副非谓三各种短语）好中文：音调和谐，结构匀称，具体表现凡十：双声（声母相同eg 坎坷，迷茫），叠韵（韵母相同eg 彷徨，徜徉），叠音，双音节，四字格，对仗，平仄，量词准（找准比喻角度，活用动量词eg.一本芭蕉），动词活（eg.眉毛一扬，头发一甩general／specific words）活用动词四法：具体，高频，靠近，连用好译文：faithful and smooth 忠通脱读是文章对读没走样（content &style）翻译：技巧，语言比较，相关表达怎么学：reading－observing－imitating－producing（speaking & writing & translating）条件：三语让之间之外技巧全攻略：增减逆顺转类换正反拆合引申难增减－eg.汉译英代词增加逆顺－英文先主后客，中文先客后主拆合－英译汉多拆；汉译英多合引申－深宽抽象事物具体化1.风在吼，马在叫，黄河在咆哮，河东河西高粱熟，万山丛中游击健儿逞英豪。

Wind howling，horses neighing，the Yellow River roaring. Sorghum ripe on both banks, the guerilla soldiers are fighting bravely in mountains beyond mountains.2.广出猎，见草中石以为虎而射之，中石，没全族，视之，石也，因复更射之，终不能入矣。

（三个左右的动词合一次，取一个最重要的做谓语）Once out on a hunting trip, General Li Guang mistook a rock in the grass for a tiger and shoot an arrow at it. He hit it with such force that the tip of the arrow get inside the rock. Later he discovered it to be only a rock. Thus, he wanted to try shooting again but was unable to pierce it.3.松下问童子，言师采药去。

对考研最有帮助的目前最全面的英汉翻译笔记第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by t 第五部分 同系宾语1. I dreamed a strange dream.2.He slept the sleep that knows no waking.3.第六部分 一组词组1.all＋抽象名词/抽象名词＋itself ＝ very + adj.He was all gentleness to h 3.as...as 的三种用法;（1）He is as kind as his sister.他象他妹妹一样和蔼。

（2）He is as ki 6.as......., so............As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.忧能伤人，犹如锈之蚀铁9.As it is 其含义为：as it stands; to state the matter as it really stands; as a matter of 14.anything but / nothing but / all but在英文中anything but＝never;意即“除此之外，别的都是19.the + 比较级＋理由I like him all the better for his faults.因为他有缺点，所以我更加喜欢22.what with........and what with / what by ...... and what byWhat with illness and what w 打破”之说：1、break: 一般用语，经打击或施加压力而破碎；2、crack:出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎general"涵义种种：1、全身麻醉 general anesthesia2、普查，集体检查 general check-up3、一般健land transit insurance陆运保险leasehold interest insurance租赁权益保险liability insurance责long life insurance长寿保险luggage insurance行李保险machinery insurance机器保险machinery b more specific insurance最特定保险mortality insurance死亡保险mortgage insurance不动产抵押借替代词one, ones, that, those在比较结构中的用法辨析 ---------------------------------------自己收录一些句子（英汉翻译），大家看看吧：1．As they grow old, people also accumulate belowire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。

对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，通系电1，力过根保管据护线生高0不产中仅工资2艺料22高试2可中卷以资配解料置决试技吊卷术顶要是层求指配，机置对组不电在规气进范设行高备继中进电资行保料空护试载高卷与中问带资题负料2荷试2，下卷而高总且中体可资配保料置障试时2卷，32调需3各控要类试在管验最路；大习对限题设度到备内位进来。行确在调保管整机路使组敷其高设在中过正资程常料1工试中况卷，下安要与全加过，强度并看工且25作尽52下可22都能护可地1关以缩于正小管常故路工障高作高中；中资对资料于料试继试卷电卷连保破接护坏管进范口行围处整，理核或高对者中定对资值某料，些试审异卷核常弯与高扁校中度对资固图料定纸试盒，卷位编工置写况.复进保杂行护设自层备动防与处腐装理跨置，接高尤地中其线资要弯料避曲试免半卷错径调误标试高方中等案资，，料要编试求5写、卷技重电保术要气护交设设装底备备置。4高调、动管中试电作线资高气，敷料中课并设3试资件且、技卷料中拒管术试试调绝路中验卷试动敷包方技作设含案术，技线以来术槽及避、系免管统不架启必等动要多方高项案中方；资式对料，整试为套卷解启突决动然高过停中程机语中。文高因电中此气资，课料电件试力中卷高管电中壁气资薄设料、备试接进卷口行保不调护严试装等工置问作调题并试，且技合进术理行，利过要用关求管运电线行力敷高保设中护技资装术料置。试做线卷到缆技准敷术确设指灵原导活则。。：对对在于于分调差线试动盒过保处程护，中装当高置不中高同资中电料资压试料回卷试路技卷交术调叉问试时题技，，术应作是采为指用调发金试电属人机隔员一板，变进需压行要器隔在组开事在处前发理掌生；握内同图部一纸故线资障槽料时内、，设需强备要电制进回造行路厂外须家部同出电时具源切高高断中中习资资题料料电试试源卷卷，试切线验除缆报从敷告而设与采完相用毕关高，技中要术资进资料行料试检，卷查并主和且要检了保测解护处现装理场置。设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。

有的单词或者词组虽然有很多层含义，但是在考研中固定的就考几个意思，其译法也是机械和“八股”的：1.establishment主要考的意思是“机构”n.，其次考的意思是“建立”n..（实例见96年72题）2.subject主要考的意思是“目标”n.，其次才是“主语”n.. （实例见96年75题）3.specific一般译为“特定的”adj.最好不要译为“特别的”（实例见96年72题）4.there be固定有两种译法，一是“届时将有…”，二是“有…的存在”（实例见97年71题）5.argue,believe,convince很多情况下必须译为“认为”v.，不要译为“争论”“相信”之类的意思（实例97年72题Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contaract,as part of an exchange of duties and entitlement.一些哲学家认为权利仅仅存在于社会契约之中，作为义务和权力交换的一部分）6.consideration通常固定译为“关怀，关爱”n. （实例见97年73题）7.bear有三种译法，分别是“忍受”“承担”和“运载”（实例见98年73题中的balloon-borne）8.discipline译为“纪律”或“学科”n.（实例见99年72题）9. either…or…译为“要么…要么…”而且通常是做题的时候一看到“either”就要找“or”（实例见97年73题）10.whether…or…译为“要么…要么…”而且通常是做题的时候一看到“whether”就要找“or”（实例见99年74题）11.as译为“作为…”或者“和…一样”（实例见99年真题）12.additional固定译为“新的”adj. 不要翻译成“另外的”“附加的”（实例见00年75题）13.while只有四种情况，一是“在…的时候”，引导时间状语从句，可以为“于此同时”；二是“只要”，引导条件状语从句While there is life,there is hope.只要生命存在，希望就存在；三是“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，While respected,he is not liked.尽管他很受尊敬，但不被别人喜欢；四是“然而”Jane is dressed in brown while Mary is in blue.14.further在修饰n.时表示“更多的”或者是数量的增加。

第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。

2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。

或减少到。

Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。

二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。

5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。

第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。

2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。

或减少到。

Metal cutting machines have been decreased to50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。

二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。

5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。

英汉笔译课笔记（应该未全）英汉笔译课笔记（应该未全）据说英汉笔译考试内容都在我们平时的作业上出（上届师兄说的），大家多注意一下吧。

一下是我平时的笔记还有舍友的笔记整理，希望能帮到大家。

（PS:我也发到群邮箱了）A 用词不同Black tea 红茶White coffee/ black coffee 加牛奶/不加牛奶的咖啡a black ship 被罢工工人抵制装卸的船black studies （美国大学中）研究黑人问题的学科black sheep 败家子black widow 黑寡妇black smith 铁匠black bird 画眉black birding （殖民主义的）贩奴活动in the black 盈利in the red 赤字，亏损black and blue 遍体鳞伤look black （前景）暗淡laugh off one’s head 笑掉大牙sister states 兄弟省市green-eyed 嫉妒pink eye 患红眼病stop thief 抓贼啊white sale 床上用品大减价an off season 淡季ID card 身份证B 词的搭配不同make money 挣钱wet snow 雨夹雪Although the morning was young 天气尚早C 语言结构不同No comments 无可奉告We need talking heads.招收电话员启示good team work 配合默契This is VOA, signing on.美国之音，现在开始播音。

He is swimming is money. 他腰缠万贯。

under the rose 秘密地一词多义翻译1. like charger repel, unlike charges attract. 同性相斥，异性相吸。

2. like knows like. 英雄识英雄。

3. like begets like, like father, like son.龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子能打洞。

對考研最有幫助的目前最全面的英漢翻譯筆記第一部分：數詞的譯法一、數字增減的譯法：1.句式特徵：by＋名詞＋比較級＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.這根導線比那根長3英寸。

2.句式特徵：表示增減意義的動詞＋to+n.譯為：增加到。

或減少到。

Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金屬切割機已經減少到50台。

二、百分數增減的標記法與譯法1.句式特徵：表示增減意義的動詞＋％The output value has increased 35%.產值增加了35％2.句式特徵：表示增減意義的動詞＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售額應增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本減少60％3.句式特徵：表示減少意義的動詞＋to+%表示減少後剩餘的數量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.採用這種新工藝，鐵的損失量減少到20％4.句式特徵：％＋比較級＋than表示淨增減的數量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售額與去年相比，有望增加9％。

5.句式特徵：％＋比較級＋名詞表示淨減數The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型機械能耗量淨減10％6.句式特徵：a + % + increase表示淨增數There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.與去年相比，今年鋼產量淨增20％7.句式特徵：％+ (of) 名詞（代詞）表示淨減數，數字n照譯The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年產值僅為去年的60％8.句式特徵：%＋up on 或over表示淨增數The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年糧食產量比1978年淨增20％。

1.美式英语多用-ze2019届考研英语5500词AA/an Abandon Abide Ability Able Abnormal Aboard Abolish Abound About Above Abroad Abrupt Absence Absolute Absorb Abstract Absurd Abundance Abundant Abuse Academic Academy Accelerate AcceptAccess Acceptance Accident Accidental Acclaim Accommodate Accommodation Accompany Accomplish Accord According to Account Accountant Accumulate Accuracy Accurate2逗号隔开的部分不能使用连接词Accuse Accustom AchieveAcid Acknowledge Acquaintance Acquire Acquisition AcrossActAction Activate Activity ActorActualAcuteAdaptAddAddict Addition Additional Address Adequate Adhere Adjective AdjoinAdjust Administer Administration admire Admission Admit Adolesc ent AdoptAdult Advance Advanced Advantage Advent Advertise(z) Adventure Advice Advisable advise3.Sophisticated culture 中华文化博大精深Advocate Aerial Aeroplane Affair Affect Affiliate Affirm Afford Afraid After Afternoon Afterward Again Against Age Agency Agenda Agent Aggravate Aggressive Ago Agony Agree Agreeable Agreement Agriculture AheadAidAimAirAir-conditioning AircraftAirlineAirportAlarmAlcoholAlertAlienalienateAlikeAliveAllAllege Alleviate4.Everyday survival skill 生存技能Life skill 生活技能（吃饱饭再考虑生活的事情...）Alliance Allocate Allow Allowance Ally Almost Alone Along Alphabet Already AlsoAlter Alternate Alternative Although Altitude Altogether Always Amateur Amaze Ambiguou s Ambulance Amiable Amid Among Amount Ample Amuse Analogy Analogue Analyse Analysis Analytic Ancestor Anchor Ancient And Anecdote Angel Anger Angle Angry Animal Announ ce5.Hence = henceforth adv. 因此，今后Annoy Annual Anonymous Another AnswerAnt Anticipate Antique Anxiety Anxious Any Anyone Anything Anyway Anywhere Apart Apartment Apologi ze(s) Apology apparatus Apparent Appeal Appear Appearance Appetite Apple Appliance Applicable Application Apply Appoint Appointment Appreciate Approach appropriate Approval Approve Appro ximate April Archeology Architecture AreaArgue Argument6.Dear xxx,I,on behalf of the Students’ Union,am writing to invite you to...（几乎所有10分email的开头）Arise Arith metic Arm Army Around Arouse Arrange Array Arrest Arrival ArriveArr ogant ArtArt icle Articulate Artificial Artist ArtisticAsAsh Ashore Aside Ask Asleep Aspect Aspire Assault Assemble Assembly Assert Assess Asset Assign Assignment Assimilate Assist Assistance Assistant Associate Association Assume Assumption Assurance Assure7.Academic/intellectual elite 学术精英Astoni sh Astronaut Astronomy AtAthlete Atmosphere Atom Attach Attack Attain Attem pt Attend Attendance Attendant Attention Attitude Attor ney Att ractAtt ractive Attri bute Audien ce Audit Auditor Augment August Authen tic Author Author ity Auto Automatic Automation Autonomy Auxiliary Available Avenue Average Avoid Await Awake Award Aware Away Awkward Axis8.We will feel greatly honored to have you there and appreciate it if you could reply to our invitation at your earliest convenience.(ending)BBaby Bachelor Back Background Backward Bacterium BadBadlyBagBaitBake Balance BallBallet Balloon BallotBanBandBangBank Banquet BarBare Barely Bargain Barn Barrel Barrier Base Basic Basis Basket Basketball Battle BayBeBeam Bear Beard Beat Beautiful Because Become9.In the above picture,a flock of graduates are stopped by a four-direction fork.Bed Before Begin Beginning Behalf Behave Behaviour Behavior Behind Being Belief Believe BellBelly Belong Below Belt Beneath Beneficial Benefit Beside Besides BestBet Betray Better Between Bewilder Beyond Bias Bible Bicycle BidBigBill BillionBinBind Biography Biology BirdBirth birthday Bit10.seek employment,take postgraduate entrance exam,go abroad for further study start abusiness.（工作，考研，出国留学，创业）Bite Bitter Bizarre Black Blame Blank Bless Blind Block Blog Blood Blow Blue Blueprint Blunt Board Boast Boat Body Bold Bone Bonus Book Boom Boost Boot Booth Border Bore Born Borrow Boss Both Bother Bottom Bound Boundary BoxBoy Boycott Bracket Brain Brake Branch11.understandably,university graduates,now without the glory of intellectual elites,are facing anuncertain future and hesitant to make a choice out of a variety of possibilities.Brand Brave Breadth Break Breakdown Breast Breath Breathe Breed Brick Bridge Brief Bright Bring Brisk Broad Broadcast Brochure Brow Brown Brui se Bubble Budget Build Building BulbBulk Bulletin Bunch Burden Bureaucracy BurnBurstBuryBus Business BusyButButcher Butter fly BuyBuzzByBypass12.obscure the fact that...(掩盖事实)CCabin Cable Cafe CakeC alculate Cal e ndar Call Calm Calorie camel Camera Camp Campaign Campus Can Canal Cancel Cancer Can didate Canteen Cap Capable Capacity Cape Capital Capitalism Captive CaptureCar carbohydrate CarbonCardCareCareer Careful Carrier CarryCart Cartoon CarveCaseCashCast13.not so much A as B(不是A，而是B)Castle Casual Casualty Cat Catch Categor y CaterCa the dral Ca tho lic Cause Caution Cautious Cease Ceiling Celebrate Celebrity Cell Cement Census Cent Central Center Century Ceremony CertainCertainly Certainty CertificateChainChairChairman Challen ge ChamberChance chancellor ChangeChanel 香奈儿ChannelChaosChapter Character Characteristic Characterize Charge14.life is full of unlimited possibilities.Cha rity Charm Charter Chase Chat Cheap Cheat Cheer Cheese Chemical Chemistry Cheque Cherry Chief Child Childhood China Chip Choice Choose Chop Christian Christ mas Chronic Chur ch Cigarette Circuit Circulate Circumstance CiteCitizenCityCivil Civilization civilizeClaimClarify ClarityClashClass Classic Classical Classify Classmate15.Dear Mr.President,I am a student in our university and writing to you remind you of a worrisome situation.Classroom Clause Claw Clean Clear Clergy Clerk Clever Click ClientCliff Climate Climb Cling ClinicClip Cloak Clock Clone Close Closet Clothes ClothingCloudClubClueClusterCoachCoalCoastCocaineCodeCoffeeCognitiveCoherentCoincideCoincidenceCola 可乐ColdColla borateCollapseCollarColleagueCollege16.The two photos reflect deep love between the mother and the daughter,bringing a comforting relief from frequently reported stay-at-home children and elder mistreatment cases.Collect Collection Collective Colonial Colony Color Column Comb Combat Combination Combine Come Comedy Comfort Comfortable Command Commend Commerce Commercial Commission Commit Committee Commodity Common Communi cate Communication Community Commute companion Company Compara ble Comparative Compare Comparison Compart ment Compass Compassion Compati ble Compel Compensate Compensation Compete Competent Competi tion17.As the world becomes materially rich,wealth accumulation and pursuit of comfort become afashion trend.Competi tive Compile Complain Complaint Complement Compli ment Complete Complex Complicate Comply Component Compose Composition Compound Comprehension Comprehensive Compress Comprise Compromise Compul sory Compute Computer Conceive Concentrate Concept Conception Concern Concerning Concert Concession Concise Conclude Conclusion Concrete Condemn Condense Condition Conduct Conductor Confer Conference Confess Confidence Confi dential18.turn a blind eye to sth.(忽视)Confine Confirm Conflict Conform Confront Confuse Confusion Congress Conjunction Connect Connection Conquer Conscious Consensus Consent Consequence Consequently Conservation Conservative Consider Considerable Considerate Consideration Consist Consistent Consolidate Conspicuous Conspiracy Constant Consti tuent Constitu te Constitution Constrain Construct Construction Consult Consultant Consume Consume Consumption Contact Contain Contem plate Contemporary19.life’s priorities. 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➢前言：Translation Process——理解source text analysis，表达target text reproduction，校改editingE.g. evening傍晚（晚饭后睡觉前）night（日落后日出前）small hours午夜中最小数字时间，0点-3点early hours清晨、黎明，3点-7点理解source text analysisThe secretary and accountant of the company was present. 公司的秘书兼会计在场。

He is not more a writer than a painter. 与其说他是个作家，还不如说他是个画家。

He is no more a writer than a painter. 他既不是个作家，也不是个画家。

It seems to me what is sauce(酱油) for the goose(母鹅) is souce for the gander(公鹅).一视同仁John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the games 约翰为人可靠，他既忠实又正直。

Last night I heard him driving(驱赶) his pigs to market 昨晚我听到他鼾声如雷The small farmers form the backbone of the country’s economy.小农经济成为这个国家的经济支柱表达target text reproductionSome people say fear and caution are now a part of their daily routine.有人说现在总是提心吊胆的过日子。

His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade 他疲惫不堪，天气也越来越热，于是他下了决心，一碰到舒适的阴凉处就坐下来休息。

第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。

2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。

或减少到。

Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。

二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。

5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。