20XX年职称英语《卫生类》考试新增文章：第九篇-职称英语考试.doc

职称英语（卫生类）C级模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1．A diverse range of industry is established in Milton Keynes including many small firms.A．differentB．similarC．difficultD．same正确答案：A解析：diverse“不同的、变化多的”；different“差异的、不同的”；similar “相似的”；difficult“困难的、艰苦的”；same“相同的、同一的”。

2．The oscillator was easier to use, more stable, and less expensive than others available at the time.A．changeableB．unchangingC．diverseD．strong正确答案：B解析：stable“稳定的”；changeable“可改变的”；unchanging“不变的”；diverse “不同的、变化多的”；strong“强壮的”。

3．This original model was designed to interface easily with test and measurement instruments.A．interactB．provideC．connectD．work正确答案：C解析：interface“对接、接合、联系”；interact“互相作用、互相影响”；connect “连接”；provide“提供”；work“工作”，这个原始模型被设计用来方便地与测试和测量仪器相连接。

职称英语卫生类A、B、C级综合试卷-9(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第1部分：词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.You must shine your shoes.（分数：1.00）A.lightenB.cleanC.washD.polish √解析：shine：使发光。

polish：擦亮。

Each morning he shaves and polishes his shoes．每天早晨，他都刮脸，擦鞋。

lighten：发亮；照亮。

The sky lightened after the rain ended．雨过天晴。

clean：清除。

He cleaned the dirt off the coat．他擦掉了外套上的污垢。

wash：洗。

He washed the dirt off the coat．他把外套上的污垢洗掉了。

2.A deadly disease has affected these animals.（分数：1.00）A.contagiousB.seriousC.fatal √D.worrying解析：deadly：致命的。

fatal：致命的。

His illness was fatal to our plans, i. e. , it caused them to fail．他的病对我们的计划是致命的，也就是说，使我们的计划落空了。

contagious：传染性的。

Chicken pox is a contagious disease．水痘是一种传染病。

serious：严重的。

Doctors said that his conditions were serious but stable．医生说他的情况严重但还稳定。

worrying：令人担心的。

His conditions are worrying to us．他的情况令我们担忧。

3.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.（分数：1.00）A.continuously √B.quicklyC.excessivelyD.exceptionally解析：steadily：稳定地。

职称英语卫生类C级-9(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第1部分：词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Professor Baker is a co-worker of Professor Ayers.（分数：1.00）A.an advisorB.a discipleC.a rivalD.a colleague √解析：co-worker=colleague“同事”；advisor“顾问”；disciple“信徒”；rival“对手”。

句意：贝克教授是阿耶兹教授的同事。

2.When the lorry drove past, the exhaust pipe belched dense petrol fumes.（分数：1.00）A.showedB.sentC.broughtD.produced √解析：belch与produce同义，意为“大量喷出、吐出”；show“展示”；sent“发送”；brought“带来”。

3.Gadfly was too much exhausted to wake easily when once asleep.（分数：1.00）A.worn out √B.--drearyC.reluctantD.chary解析：四个选项中A项worn out“疲乏”与exhausted“疲劳”是同义词，所以A为正确答案。

其他三项的含义分别是：“枯燥的”、“不情愿的”、“谨慎的”。

4.It was clear that they regarded him with affection, as well as with respect.（分数：1.00）A.appealB.anger √C.anxietyD.love解析：affection意为“爱慕”、“钟爱之情”，D项love是其近义词，故D为正确答案。

其他三个选项的意思分别是“吸引力”、“生气”、“焦虑”。

2015职称英语新增文章卫生类A级补全短文第12篇-职称英语考试第十二篇Inquest told of hospital errorA HOSPITAL error left a dying man on the wrong ward for two days as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ravaged his body, an inquest heard. Stephen Melvin Newbold suffered massive brain damage when a blood clot formed in his veins. Now his families are considering legal action against York Hospital, saying that his death was “untimely and unnecessary”.Mr Newbold, a 52-year-old maintenance worker, went to York Hospital on November 3 complaining of a swollen right foot. He should have been sent to a surgical ward where he would have been treated with1 Fragmin, a drug which counters the effects of DVT. However, hospital staff wrongly admitted him to2 an orthopedic ward, where he stayed for two days, before finally being transferred to the care of a consultant vascular surgeon. Twenty-four hours later, on November 6, doctors decided they would have to operate to remove his leg below the knee.The operation went ahead on November 10, but two days later Mr Newbold suffered a cardiac arrest. A scan revealed he had had apulmonary embolism, a condition related to DVT. Mr Newbold suffered brain damage and died in the hospital on November 16.Giving evidence, the surgeon said he could not explain why Mr Newbold had been admitted to an orthopedic ward where it was not policy to administer Fragmin. He did not know why his medical team had not given Mr Newbold the drug later.York coroner Donald Coverdale said, “From November 3 until the day of the operation, no Fragmin was given to Mr Newbold. If he had been admitted to a consultant vascular surgeon’s care from day one, it is clear that Fragmin would have been prescribed. Fragmin reduces the risk of DVT, but does not eliminate it. It is impossible to say whether Mr Newbold would have suffered this DVT if he had received the Fragmin.”He recorded a verdict of death by misadventure.Kim Daniells, Mr Newbold’s family’s lawyer, said, “The family hope that the hospital will learn from the errors, and that no other families will have to suffer in the future.”A spokeswoman for York Hospital’s NHS Trust said, “We would like to extend our sincere sympathies to the family of Stephen Newbold during this difficult time.”ward n.病房vein n.血管thrombosis n.血栓clot n.凝块maintenance n.维修，维护Fragmin n.法安明(又名片段化蛋白)staff n.员工;职工consultant n.顾问，咨询，会诊医师surgeon n.心血管外科顾问knee n.膝盖embolism n.栓塞;栓塞形成verdict n.裁决misadventure n.灾难，不幸遭遇，意外事故sympathy n.同情1.be treated with...被用......药物进行治疗2.be admitted to...被收容至，被移送至(本文中是“被送至病房”)练习：1.The patient was admitted with an injured foot.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned2.The patient was admitted to the surgical ward.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned3.The patient did not get the correct medication.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned4.The patient died before he could be operated on.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned5.The patient died of brain damage.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned6.It was decided that the patient’s death had been an accident.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned7.Mr Newbold’s family’s lawyer was not qualified.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned答案与题解：1.A 从文中第二段的第一句话可以看出，病人是因为感觉右脚胀痛而去医院的(a swollen right foot)，而从文章第二段的第三行最后一句话(However, hospital staff...)可以看出他是被医院容留住院了，只不过是去错了病房。

xx职称英语教材新增文章详解xx年时间已经公布，距离现在还有20天时间。

今年的职称英语考试新增了文章，也出现了一个很有趣的现象，理工卫生综合的新增文章都是补全短文，都是新增了5篇文章，而且内容也一样。

了“Common Questions about Dreams”这篇补全短文，这是综合C,理工C以及卫生C的新增文章，供大家学习。

Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth1 under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep ours every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. 1 We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. 2 It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring itback2. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the d etails of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. 3Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue.3 4 Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they e from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whosefavorite toy is a stuffed elephant. 5 Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will bee clearer to you.词汇：vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑(=eyelid)motive /m?utiv/n. 动机stuffed /st?ft/adj. 填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。

2017职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析2 Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including agin g and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 'rremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, not everyone with a tremor has Parkinson's disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like troubleswallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills ( dementia).4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.1. Paragraph I_____________ .2. Paragraph 2 _____________.3. Paragraph 3_____________ .4. Paragraph 4 _____________.A. Tips for Patients with the DiseaseB. Common Treatment for the DiseaseC. Means of Diagnosis of the DiseaseD. Typical Symptoms of the DiseaseE. Possible Causes of the DiseaseF. Definition of Parkinson's Disease5. You'II find it hard to move the way you want to_____________ .6. A lot of research is being done to find ou_____________t .7. One of the most common signs of Parkinson's is tremor_____________.8. A person with Parkinson's has to learn to live with the disease,_____________.A. if there isn't enough dopamine m your bodyB. what affects muscles all through your bodyC. which cannot be cured yetD. if you have a fixed or blank expressionE. which may be the first symptom you noticeF. what causes Parkinson's disease参考答案及译文：帕金森氏综合征帕金森氏综合征会影响你行动的方式。

2017职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析1 Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11 ,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began-after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said, It's incredibly encoura- ging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."The introduction of the NHS(国民保健制度)breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diag nosed with the disease-a 50% rise in25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two vears of falls.Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said, "It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breast screening and awareness of the disease."However, this is still too many women and incidence(发生率)of the disease is increasing year by year."The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity(肥胖)and alcohol consumption.1. 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2. Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3. The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4. Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5. Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6. Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7. Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：1.A[解析]在英国，2007年有11，990名女士死于乳腺癌。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0524-381、Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer' Research UK data showed that 11.990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began-after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician. said: "It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often." "Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease.""The introduction of the NHS (国民保健制度) breast screening3 program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease - a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr. Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer said: "It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breast screening and awareness of the disease. " "However, this is still too many women and incidence of the disease is increasing year by year. "The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity(肥胖) and alcohol consumption.11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案:A答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，带着题干信息词回文章定位，答案依据在文章第二段这一句：The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11，990 women died in the UK in 2007.谈到癌症研究数据显示2007年英国有11，990妇女死于乳腺癌，所以本题正确，答案是A。

XX年职称英语考试卫生类(C级)试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 Our English teacher is sickA fatB weakC illD mad2 Mary is looking for the book she lost yesterdayA trying to findB trying to readC trying to buyD trying to borrow3 I rarely play basketball．A normallyB seldomC frequentlyD usually4 My father is a physicianA researcherB professorC doctorD student5 The Foreign Service is a branch of the Department of State．A centerB divisionC rootD base6 Please put up your hands if you have any questions．A raiseB reachC waveD fold7 Man cannot exist without water．A expandB riseC liveD quit8 Jean has made up her mind not to go to the meetingA triedB promisedC decidedD attempted9 This reminds me of lots of things．A muchB someC bigD many10 She will be very pleased to meet you．A angryB happyC sadD unwilling11 It is obvious that he will win the game．A likelyB possibleC clearD strange12 There is no risk to public health．A pointB dangerC chanceD hope13 Did anyone call me when 1 was out?A inviteB nameC answerD phone14.It took us along time to mend the house．A buildB destroyC designD repair15.I don’t quite follow what she is sayingA believeB understandC explainD aept第2部分：阅读判断 (第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2017职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析4 The Ice ManOn a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters) , the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than just .usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face down. The skeleton(骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮) and a holder for arrows.Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldier had already been found in the area.A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learnedthat the iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B. C. he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that the was probably in some kind of battle. It may have been part of a large war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. we may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.1. The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly becauseA. the melted ice made him visibleB. two Germans were climbing the mountainsC. he was lying on the iceD. he was just on a mountain pass2. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A. The Iceman was killed while working.B. The Iceman lived a poor life.C. The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.D. The Iceman was struck dead from behind.3. All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT .A. he was a soldier in World War IB. he was a Swiss woman's long-lost fatherC. he was born about a thousand years agoD. he came from Italy4. The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman 'A. was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead .B. was probably in some kind of a battleC. had got a wound on the back of his headD. had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death5. The word"bandits" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced byA. robbersB. soldiersC. huntersD. shooters参考译文及答案：冰人1991年9月的一天，两个德国人正在攀登位于奥地利和意大利之间的山脉，在山上一处要隘发现了一具躺在冰上的尸体。

XX年职称英语卫生类补全短文试题及答案除了课堂上的学习外,平时的积累与练习也是学生提高成绩的重要途径,以下是为大家搜索的xx年卫生类补全短文试题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助! 更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!When you eat, your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel. 1 Your body uses glucose for energy, so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game. But glucose can’t be used by the body on its own—it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cellsof the body.Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas, a large organ near the stomach. The pancreas makes insulin; insulin brings glucose into the cells; and the body getsthe energy it needs. When a person has insulin-dependent diabetes, it’s because the pancreas is not making insulin. So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs, but without insulin, there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy. 2You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes, maybe people of your grandparents’ age. Usually, this is a different kind of diabetes called non-insulin-dependent diabetes. It can also be called Type 2 diabetes,or adult-onset diabetes. 3When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes, he will have that type of diabetes forhis whole life. It won’t ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness. 4 Manyscientists believe that along with having certain genes, something else outside the person’s body, like a viral infection, is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.But the person must have the gene (or genes) for diabetes to start out with — this means you can’t get diabetes just from catching a flu, virus, or cold. And this type of diabetes isn’t caused by eating too many sugary foods, either. Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person’s body — sometimes months or years. Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious. 5viral 病毒(性)的;病毒引起的 infection 感染sugary 糖的;含糖的;甜的;太甜的 contagious 触染的;传染的insulin 胰岛素 diabetes 糖尿病 glucose 葡萄糖hormone 激素，荷尔蒙 pancreas 膜(腺)onset 开始 juvenile 少年的1.insulin-dependent diabetes：胰岛素依赖型糖尿病2.on its own：独立地，靠自己的力量3.non-insulin-dependent diabetes：非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病4.adult-onset diabetes：成人型糖尿病5.juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes：少年型(胰岛素依赖型)糖尿病6.to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cellsin the pancreas that make insulin：通过对胰腺中生成胰岛素的细胞的影响而导致糖尿病的发作A Genes are something that you inherit from your parents, and they are in your body even before you’re born.B This sugar-fuel is called glucose.C It may be possible to beat insulin resistancethrough lifestyle changes.D You can’t catch diabetes from people who have it,no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.E The glucose can’t get into the cells of the body without insulin.F When a person has this kind of diabetes, thep ancreas usually can still make insulin, but the person’s body needs more than the pancreas can make.1.B 文章第一句讲，人进食后，身体便会从食物中获得糖并将其转化成燃料。

职称英语卫生试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. The most common cause of respiratory infections is:A. BacteriaB. VirusesC. FungiD. Parasites答案：B2. Which of the following is not a symptom of influenza?A. FeverB. CoughC. Sore throatD. Diarrhea答案：D3. The primary method of transmission for the common cold is:A. AirborneB. FoodborneC. ContactD. Vector-borne答案：A4. The main route of entry for hepatitis B virus is:A. Through the skinB. Through the respiratory tractC. Through the digestive tractD. Through the bloodstream答案：D5. Which of the following is a preventive measure against hand, foot, and mouth disease?A. VaccinationB. HygieneC. IsolationD. Medication答案：B6. The principle of action of penicillin is to:A. Kill virusesB. Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesisC. Suppress immune functionD. Increase blood circulation答案：B7. The correct procedure for hand hygiene is:A. Rinse with water, then apply soapB. Apply soap, then rinse with waterC. Rinse with water, then dry with a towelD. Apply soap, then dry with a towel答案：B8. The main route of transmission for cholera is:A. AirborneB. FoodborneC. ContactD. Vector-borne答案：B9. The most effective way to prevent influenza is:A. Taking antiviral drugsB. Wearing masksC. Getting vaccinatedD. Drinking herbal tea答案：C10. The main symptom of measles is:A. RashB. FeverC. CoughD. Sore throat答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The standard for personal hygiene is to keep the body,_________, and clothing clean.答案：hands and face2. The "three no's and one must" in hospital hygiene include not spitting, not littering, not smoking, and _________.答案：must wash hands3. The main method of transmission for tuberculosis is through _________.答案：airborne droplets4. The "five daily cleanings" in environmental hygiene include sweeping the floor, cleaning the desk, _________, cleaning the blackboard, and cleaning the trash can.答案：cleaning the windows5. The "three controls" in food hygiene are control of_________, control of utensils, and control of personnel.答案：raw materials三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. What are the basic requirements for hospital hygiene?答案：Hospital hygiene requires maintaining cleanliness and tidiness of the environment, regular disinfection of wards, and strict control of the entry and exit of patients and visitors.2. What are the three main measures for preventing infectious diseases?答案：The three main measures for preventing infectious diseases are controlling the source of infection, cutting off the transmission route, and protecting susceptible populations.3. What are the three aspects of food hygiene?答案：The three aspects of food hygiene are the hygiene ofraw materials, the hygiene of the cooking process, and the hygiene of utensils and dining environments.4. What are the three steps of hand hygiene?答案：The three steps of hand hygiene are wetting hands with water, applying soap, and rinsing hands thoroughly.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance and methods of environmental hygiene.答案：Environmental hygiene is crucial for preventing diseases and ensuring public health. Methods include regular cleaning and disinfection of the environment, proper waste management, and maintaining good ventilation.2. Discuss the importance and methods of personal hygiene.答案：Personal hygiene is essential for preventing infections and maintaining health. Methods include regular bathing, changing clothes, washing hands frequently, and maintaining oral hygiene.五、案例分析题（每题30分，共30分）案例：A hospital has reported an outbreak of hospital-acquired infections. Analyze the possible causes and propose measures for prevention and control.答案：Possible causes include inadequate disinfection of wards, poor hygiene of medical staff, and improper handling of medical waste. Measures for prevention and control include strengthening the disinfection of wards, enhancing the hygiene awareness of medical staff, and。

XX年职称英语卫生类精选阅读文章（9）Hospital Mistreatment Aording to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors, being threatened, orphysical abuse in their first year out of medical school. The findings e from analysis of the responses to a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents. The survey and analysis appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. Overall, out of the 1,277 residents who pleted surveys,1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incidentof mistreatment in their intern year. In addition to reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45%of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons had made false medical records. Moreover, nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians, or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent event. More than 10% of the residents said they were not allowed to have enough sleep, and the average number of hours without sleep was 37.6.The average on-call hours during a typical week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks. Although 30% of the residents said they experienced some type ofsexual harassment or discrimination, verbal abuse was the most mon problem cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events ourring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they were belittled or humiliated by more senior residents, while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work. Being “given tasks for punishment,” “being pushed, kicked or hit,” and having someone “threatening your reputation or career,” were reported as a more frequent ourrence by over 10% of the responding residents.。

2017职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析5Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers." Hope is an important part of happiness, "said Peter A. Ubel, M. D. director of the U-M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, "but there's a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness. "The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortterm. Ubel and his co-authors-both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University-studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group-the one without hope-reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies."We think they were happier because they got on with theirlives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards," says Ubel, who is also a professor in the Department of Intemal Medicine."The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed, " he added. "They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn't make the best of their current situation. ""Hopeful messages may not be in the best interests of the patient and may interfere with the patient's emotional adaptation, " Ubel says."I don't think we should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up people's hope so much that they put off living their lives. "1. Chronically ill patients may be happierA. if they keep thinking of their pastB. if they believe they'Il recoverC. if they put off moving onD. if they manage to get on with their life2. What had happened to the patients under study?A. They had just survived an accident.B. They had just had an operation.C. They had just injured their colons.D. They had just made some pouches.3. One group of the patients was happier becauseA. they made the best of their current situationB. they were good at playing cardsC. they regained normal bowel functionD. they were promised another operation4. The other group was not as happy because .A. they accepted their current situationB. they were anxious to get betterC. they missed their previous lifeD. they refused to play cards5. What could be the message of the passage?A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.C. Hope is what makes people on.D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.参考译文及答案：1.D [解析]第二段的最后一句：Sometimes，if hope makes people put off getting on with their life，it can get in the way of happiness.有时候，如果希望使人们不能适应自己的生活，那么希望就会阻碍幸福。

XX年职称英语《卫生B》专项试题及答案xx年职称英语《卫生B》专项试题及答案A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.Officials from the U. S. government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect geic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion."We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs," Dr. Duane Alexander, who headsthe NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has bee more mon in recent years, aording to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all ine and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.1. The aim of the study is to find new ways to .A. conduct researchB. track public healthC. prevent or treat illnessD. speed up development2. Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT .A. geic samples from people in the studyB. biological samples from people in the studyC. samples from the homes of the women and their babiesD. samples of air and water from hospitals3. It is expected that through the study the nation's health care costs .A. will be lowered in the long runB. will be significantly increasedC. will be more than $200 millionD. will reach $3.2 billion4. The babies of the participants will be followed .A. throughout their livesB. for more than two decadesC. from birth to 21 monthsD. until they get married5. Which is NOT true of the people in the study?A. They'll be from various areas.B. They'll be from all ine levels.C. They'll be from all educational levels.D. They'll be from all age groups.Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoesby paring the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatones of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the pla to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do thesesorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.1. Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones?A. Because they killed off life more easily.B. Because they were brighter.C. Because they were larger.D. Because they were hotter.2. How did Wignall calculate the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions?A. By estimating how long they lasted.B. By counting the dinosaurs they killed.C. By studying the chemical position of lava.D. By paring the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava produced.3. When did dinosaurs bee extinct?A. 300 million years ago.B. 250 million years ago.C. 60 million years ago.D. 65 million years ago.4. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 concerning dinosaurs?A. They were killed offby an asteroid.B. They died of drastic climate change.C. They were wiped off by a volcanic eruption.D. The cause of their extinction has remained a controversial issue.5. What is the main thesis of the article?A. Volcanic eruptions are not always deadly.B. Older volcanic eruptions were more destructive.C. Carbon dioxide emissions often give rise to global warming.D. It is not easy to calculate the killing power of a volcanic eruption.。

xx年职称英语试题之卫生类1、 The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A.inflexibleB.hiddenC.traditionalD.official2、 Because of adverse weather conditions, thetravelers stopped to camp.A.localB.unfamiliarC.goodD.unfavorable3、 The new government embarked upon a program of radical economic reform.A.initiatedB.producedC.adoptedD.implemented4、 That uniform makes the guards look absurd.A.ridiculousB.seriousC.beautifulD.impressive1. Our eyes are under a great deal of strain these days as puter work, television viewing, night driving, and evensunshine are making exceptional demands. Sunlight, especially in the summer, is now regarded as one cause of cataracts( 白内障 ).2. The thinning of the ozone ( 臭氧 ) layer means more short-wave ultraviolet (UV) rays ( 紫外线 ) are reaching the earth, and these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye. Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea ( 角膜 ) causing clouded vision and eventually cataracts. The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lenses. However, our eyes are not sufficiently prorated by fashion sunglasses.3. "Poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more mon, and there has been a big increase in minor eye plaints in the over-40s," says Dr. Mireille Bon, who more than 100,000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest.4. It was traditionally thought that near- or far- sightedness were inherited conditions and could not be influenced by environmental factors, but new research is challenging this assumption.5. Recent studies suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United States and western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close, two- dimensional work causes most children to bee at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10, say the researchers.6. Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people, are also on the increase because of puter use. Using puter screens means the eye must operate in electromagic fields (电磁场) that make it work harder. It is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision, which result from staring at a screen.Paragraph 2A.The development of poor night visionB.The greatest threat to the eyesC.The function of sunglassesD.The reason for children's nearsightednessE.The effects of puter on the eyesF.The ways to reduce eye plaints1 Since 1939，numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking i a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobao smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.2 Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higherdeath rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the .smoke so deeply.3 Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobao does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine，which is powerful poison, and black tar. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point4 Filters and low tar tobao too are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce，not eliminate the hazards.It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7、 Rodman met with Tony to try and settle the dispute over his contract。