What引导的名词性从句

what引导名词性从句的五种用法一、用法归纳1. 表示“……的东西或事情”：They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。

He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。

What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。

2. 表示“……的人或的样子”：He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。

He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。

Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？3. 表示“……的数量或数目”：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。

The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。

4. 表示“……的时间”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。

The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。

5. 表示“……的地方”：This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。

In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。

‘what’引导名词性从句的用法
1.当主句含有疑问意思，what在引导名词性从句时也含有疑问含义，它是连接代词，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语或定语
We don’t know what we should do.
我们不知道我们应该做什么。

The problem is what step we should take next.
问题是下面我们应该采取哪个步骤。

2. 当主句不含有疑问意思，what 在引导名词性从句时也不含有疑问含义，它是一个‘特殊关系代词’，表示一个不必要或不可说得十分具体的事，意思为‘the thing which’, 译成‘所。

的东西’。

在这种用法中，what 的含义具有泛指性，即what 的具体含义只表现在what引导的从句中。

We can draw the conclusion from what is said above.
我们可以从上面所说的话中得出结论。

This is what they did.
这就是他们所做的事。

从上述两例中可看出，what具有泛指性，what 什么都可以指，但在句中单从what 本身来考究是看不出来什么意思的，必修到what从句的动词去找。

所‘说’（said）当然是‘话’了，所‘做’的（did）当然是‘事情’了。

what 引导名词性从句的五种用法、用法归纳1.表示“……的东西或事情 They ' ve done what they can to help her. He saves what he earns. 他赚多少,积蓄多少.What Mary is is the secretary. 2. 表示“……的人或的样子〞He is no longer what he was.He is what is generally called a .玛丽的职务是秘书.他已经不是以前的那个样子.他就是人们通常所说的叛徒.Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 的？3. 表示"……的数量或数目Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 的两倍.The number of the students in our is ten times what it was beforeliberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍. 4. 表示“……的时间〞：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 彳以乎过了 几个/J 、时他才苦笑着出来.The young girl was too to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话,在那儿站了几个小时.5. 表示“……的地方〞：This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方.In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现 在所称的美洲大陆.二、用法说明(1) 这样用的what 相当于 先行词+关系代词〞,所以其前不能有先行词： 你喜欢什么就拿什么吧.正： You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.误： You can have everything what you like.(2) 有时what 可用作限定词,其后修饰一个名词：I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了.He gave me what money he had about him.他把身边带有的钱全给了我. (3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词：误：I gave him what book I had.他们已经尽力帮助了她.是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子我们现在的收入是10年前(4) What 后接不可数名词时,有时可有 little 修饰.注意区别： what+ 不可数名词=所有的都,what little+ 不可数名词=虽少但全部.如：2021-04-13 23:22先看下面一道单项选择题：A. Th at ; whatB. What ; th atC. Th at ; t hatD. What ; w hat很明显,这道题考查的知识要点是名词性从句.名词性从句是高中阶段的重要语法工程之一 语试题考查的重要语法工程之一,是高中阶段的重点,也是难点,尤其对丁连接代词that 7 少学生感到十分困惑,做题几乎是靠 蒙〞来寻求答案.以这道题为例,第一空是what 引导 主语从句中作主语；第二空是that 引导的表语从句,that 在表语从句中不能省略,不作成: 然that 和what 都可以引导名词性从句,但他们在句子中的语法功能截然不同.下面我们结彳 年全国及各省市高考英语试题中t h at 与what 的相关题目对二者在引导名词性从句时的用W一.2 00 6年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that 与what 的相关题目What di d you r pare nt s thi nk abo u t you r d eci sio n?解析：这一题的正确答案是D .what 在此题中引导名词性从句并作动词do 的宾语2 . Engines are to m achi n es解析：这一题的正确答案是C .此题汉语意思为 发动机对丁机器正如心脏对丁动物一样〞. 句型,其根本结构是“A i s to B w ha t C i s to D 〞.在这个句型结构中,w h at 引导的表卞 e 的表语,同时 what 在表语从句中乂作表语.3. W it h hi s work co m pl et ed , t he bu si ne ssma n st ep ped back to hi s seat , feel ing | s a man of act io n.A. w h i chB. t ha tC. whatD. wh et h er (湖南 T 34 )解析：这一题的正确答案是B .此题考查宾语从句的用法,因从句h e was a man of act i不缺少句子成分,且表达肯定意义,所以此空应填入连词that , that 只起连接作用,不作右4 . ---------- It 's thi rt y years si nc e we l ast m et.------- Bu t I st il l re mem ber th e sto ry , bel i ev e it or not, w e got lost on a raI spent what time I had with her. 我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的. I spent what little time I had with her. 我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的连接代词 that 和what 引导名词性从句的用法比拟im pr essed m e mo stwas su ch a l it 11 e boy cou l d pl ay th e v iol in sc1. T h ey al way s l etme d o think should. A. wh en B. t ha tC. ho wD. w h at 全国I I T16h ea rt s ar e t o an i ma l s. A. as B. th at C. wh at D. w h i ch 山东T23A. wh i chB. t ha tC. wh atD. when 〔四川T3 0 〕解析：这一题的正确答案是B.此题考查that引导的同位语从句的用法,两个逗号之间的部not为插入语,因空的后面是一个语法意义上完整的句子,可以断定这是一个以that引导的which引导定语从句在从句中要作成分；C项What引导名词性从句时意思是----的东西/耳等〞,等同丁定语从句中的先行词+ t hat 〞,本句中已有先行词the st or y,如选wh at造成w h en引导定语从句从句缺少表时间的先行词.二.t ha t引导的名词性从句首先,在引导名词性从句时,tha t 一般具有不可省略性.连接代词that除引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略外,引导其他各类名词性从句皆不能省略c①It i s r equ ir ed in th e r egu lat io n s t h at you sh ou l d not tel l ot he r peo pl e the pas-m ail accou nt. 〔 2 00 5 天津〕② ----- Don't yo u t h ink it ne cessa ry t h at he not b e sent to M iami bu t t o N ew Y------- I ag r ee, bu t t h e p ro bl em i s t h at he h as r ef used to. 〔 20 05 江苏〕③T h er e is mu ch chan ce t h at Bill wil l r eco v er fro m h is i nju r y i n t im e for t h e r a 〔2 0 06 天津T1 4 〕④Ou r En gl i sh teacher t ol d u s 〔t h at〕 we al l d i d ver y w el l i n t he exam i nat i on ar got full m ark.以上四个句子中,that分别引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句和宾语从句,除在第四个t可以省略外,其他的that均不可省略.其次,在引导名词性从句时,t ha t不作句子中的任何成分.例如：①Nobody believed h i s reaso n for bein g ab sent f r om th e cl ass t hat h e h ad t o m e the airp ort. 〔 2 00 6 重庆T 33 〕该句中,that引导同位语从句,但在句中不作任何成分.2) It is our bel ie f th at_im pr ov em en t s i n h eal t h car e wil l l ea d t o a st ron ge r, mo ren omy.〔20 06 浙江T4 〕该句中,it是形式主语,that引导的主语从句才是整个句子的真正主语,that在句中不作f 最后,在引导名词性从句时,t ha t没有任何词汇意义.①A warm th ou gh t su d denl y ca me to m e t h at I mi ght u se t h e po ck et mo ney to bfor my mo t her's birthday. 〔 2006 安徽T29 〕②D anb y l eft w or d w it h my s ecre t ar y t h at he wou l d cal l ag ai n in the aftern oo n.〔20 05浙江〕在以上两个考例中,t hat仅起引导同位语从句的作用,没有任何词汇意义.综上所述,that在引导名词性从句时具有三大特点：不可省略,不作成分,没有词义.三.wha t引导的名词性从句首先,w ha t引导名词性从句时,wh at在句中不省略.这一用法与t hat引导名词性从句时的用法不尽相同.①He spo ke pr ou dl y of h is part i n the game, wit hou t me nt io n ing w h at h is team m e. 〔 2 0 06 上海T 39 〕what在该句中引导宾语从句,what不可省略.②Great cha ng es have t ak en pl ace i n t h at sch oo l. It i s no l o ng er w h at it was 20n it was so po orl y equ i pp ed. 〔 2 005 安徽〕what在该句中引导表语从句,但在句中不可省略.其次,what引导名词性从句时,具有词汇意义.这是wh at与t h at引导名词性从句的重要区别之一,W h at 一般指----的东西/事情/人/时I、E①D o you h av e an y idea w h at is actual ly going on i n t h e cl assr oom? 〔 20 05 辽what在该句中引导同位语从句并作这个同位语从句的主语,词义为----的东西、事情〞,整是你知道教室里到底发生了什么事〞.②It i s w h at y ou d o r at h er t ha n w h at you say t h at m at ter s. 〔 20 0 5 天津〕这是一个强调句型,被强调的局部是由what引导的两个主语从句,what在句中的词义为-整个句子的汉语意思是关键要看你做什么而不是说什么最后,w ha t引导名词性从句时不仅只起引导作用,同时还要作句中的某个句法成分这一点是what在引导名词性从句时与that用法区别的关键所在.① I just wonder t h at m ak es h i m so excit ed.A. why it doesB. what he doesC. how it isD. what it is 〔 2 006 山东T32这一题的正确答案是D ,是一个强调句型作宾语的典型考例,被强调的成分what在句中不仅的作用,同时在宾语从句中作m ak es的主语.2D A mo der n cit y h as been set u p in w ha t w as a wast el an d ten year s ag o. 〔 20 0在这个句子中,what引导的从句作了介词in的宾语,同时what 乂在宾语从句中充当主语方〞.值得注意的是,在引导名词性从句时,that引导的句子一般不作介词的宾语,相反, 子作介词宾语的情况显得更为常见.例如：③The ot h er day, m y brot her d ro ve h i s ca r do wn t h e st reet at w h at I t hou ght w； speed. 〔 2004上海春招〕此题中,介词at后面用了what引导的宾语从句,what在宾语从句中作主语,而t hat不可综上所述,what在引导名词性从句时具有三大特点：不可省略,作成分,有词义.总之,掌握连接代词that和what在引导名词性从句时的用法并不难,关键是要多读多背能生巧〞,希望各位英语习得者悟其道而践其行.1. “什么；多少；……的,所……的〞 .如：I don' t know what it is, call it what you like.我不知道它是什么, 你想叫它什么就叫它什么吧.It matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they thnk you think.重要的不仅仅是你怎么想,而且是别人认为你怎么想及你认为他们认为你怎么想.He asked what the price was .他问价格是多少.What she couldn ' t understand was why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 她所不能理解的是为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣.Please tell me what you think of our chemistry teacher.请告诉我你对我们化学老师的看法.2.“……的样子,面貌,状况〞.如He seems different from what he used to be.他似乎跟过去不一样了.What a person looks like is not as important as what he or she grows up to be. 〔高一新教材上p.81〕一个人的长相并不重要,重要的是他或她长大后将成为什么样的人.Science has told us so much about the moon that it is fairly easy to imagine what it would be likeout there.科学已向我们提供了很多关于月球的情况, 因此我们就很容易想象那儿的状况了.3.“……的地方〞.如：A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where 〔2004 年天津高考题〕〔答案A〕一座现代化城市已在十年前还是一片荒地的地方建起了.When Columbus first got to is now North America, he called the people he met there " Indians〞.当哥伦布首次到达今天为北美的那个地方时,他把他在那儿所遇到的人称作“印第安人〞.Thus eight people were crowded into what was really no more than a single room. 于是口人就挤在实际只有一个房间的屋子里.4.“……的时间〞.如：After what seemed to be a long time, the soldier came back to life. 似乎过了彳艮长时间之后,士兵苏醒了过来.1After what seemed a very long time, I opened my eyes and found myself in bed! 似乎过了彳艮久之后,我睁开双眼,结果发现自己还在床上.二、用作形容词,在从句中作定语.1.后接名词,意为：〔1〕“什么；多少；多么〞.如：I don ' t know what machine they are making.我不知道他们在制造什么机器.He did not realize what a mistake he had made.他没有意识到他犯了多么严重的错误.We agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from the date and time, n o matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. 我们那天晚上约定,不管我们的情况怎样或我们得从多远的地方赶来, 我们都会从那天起正好二十年之后在这儿再相见.〔2〕〔所〕……的〔事物或人〕〞.如：What education he had was picked up from time to time under the pressure of necessity. 他所受的教育都是迫于需要,一点一点地得来的.I will give them what help I can.我将尽我水平帮助他们.What family and friends I still have live abroad.我现在所有的家人和朋友都住在国外.2. ..................................................................... 后接little, few,意为"全部的尽管不多；仅有的那么一点；小的；不重要的〞 .................... .如：The home improvements have taken what little there is my spare time.A. fromB. inC. ofD. at 〔2001 年全国高考题〕〔答案C〕住宅的装修花去了我仅有的那么一点业余时间的全部.His mind and mine, what little I had, seemed to run together, move in the same channel. 他的兀、和我的小小的心似乎是连在一起的,总是往一处想.What引导的名词性从句what引导的名词性从句在中学教材中出现频率极高,也是高考的重要考点之一,所以由其引导名词性从句的用法应引起我们足够的重视. 本文将从以下几个方面来谈谈如何掌握好这一重要语法：一. 要掌握好what 在句子中的语义.1. 表示" .... 的人",相当于 the person that ….如：He is not what he was a few years ago.他不是几年前的他了.Who is it that has made Fred what he is now ?是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这样一个人的？2. 表示" .... 的地方",相当于 the place that ….如：This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方.What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界.3. 表示" .... 的数目",相当于 the amount/number that ….如：Our income is now double what is was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍.The number of the students in our school has reached as many as 20,000, ten times what it was before liberation.现在我校学生多达 2万人,是解放前的十倍.4. what 的这种特殊含义可以根据句子的意思在译时灵活处理,不可千篇一律.例如:The color of the flower is different from what it was in the morning.那朵花的颜色与早晨的不同.(what=the color that )二. 要掌握好what 引导名词性从句的类型.1. 宾语从句(用作动词或介词的宾词).例如：When you answer questions in a job interview Always give the monkeyexactly what he wants. 远给予对方确实想要的东西.2, 主语从句.例如:What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在会上说的话令每个与 please remember the golden rule 求职面试时,请记住这条黄金定律：永会者震惊.3.表语从句.例如：Perseverance is a kind of quality and that ' s what it takes to do anything well.坚决不移是一种品质——能使人做好任何事情.Air is to us what water is to fish.空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样〔重要〕.4.同位语从句〔用在idea, message 等名词后〕.例如.I have no idea what we should do next.我不知道下一步我们该干什么.三, 要掌握好what引导的名词性从句的语序问题.What引导的名词性从句不同于what引导的特殊疑问句,不可用疑问句语序而应用陈述语序.例如：These photographs will show you what our village looks like.这些照片会让你了解我们的村庄是什么样的.四, 要掌握与what有关的题目的解题技巧.1.通过语境和引导词的含义,区分并确定引导词.例:I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was ?A. whereB. whatC. howD. which点拨：根据语境,句子含义应为“我在某本书中读到过, 具体是哪本书重要吗〞. 前一分句已说明是在“书〞中读到的, 而不是在报纸或杂志上读到的, 故排除B项,从而确定正确答案为D项.2.通过句法分析,根据各引导词的句法功能确定引导词. 例: The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at I thought wasa dangerous speed.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that点拨：从句法结构上看,句中介词at需要宾语,系动词was需要主语,而能同时在主、从句中作两种句子成分的关系代词有what, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等.从这一点出发,可知此题正确答案为C项.句中what相当于the speed which ,句子可直译为“几天前,我哥哥或〔弟弟〕在街上以我认为是非常危险的速度开车〞.。

当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句；它本身在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。

表示“所……的（事）”的意思，相当于“the thing(s) that…；all that…；；everything that…；等。

例如：1)Leave it with me and I‘ll see what I can do.(what引导宾语从句并作do的宾语)2)What you have done might do harm to other people.(what引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语)表示“所……的(人)”意思，相当于“the person that…”等。

例如：1)He is not what he used to be.他已不是从前的他了。

(what引导表语从句并在从句中作表语)2)She is no longer what she was five years ago.(what引导表语从句并在从句中作表语)一.引导主语从句1)What we need is more time.2)What really matters is that she wore a pair of white shoes.3)What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.4)What is most important in life isn’t money.二.引导宾语从句1)People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very differentfrom what it is today.2)People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see whathe will do.(what分别做动词heard和see的宾语)三.引导表语从句1)Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just what worriesthe public.2)That is what I want to tell you.3).3)The little girl is no longer what she used to be.四.引导同位语从句1)They have no idea at all what he is working on.2)You have no idea what I suffered.what常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句.what 在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么”，“所…的”，“…的样子”等.二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语，宾语或表语.补充：关系型 what引导名词性从句的五种用法一、用法归纳1. 表示“……的东西或事情”：They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。