0838语言与文化2005年10月份历年真题

2005年对外汉语教师资格考试中国文化试题（高级）样卷及答案资料格式： OFFICE文档文件大小：45KB发布日期：2008-7-6下载次数：937（点击查看下载说明）举报下载错误本资料需要注册并登录后才能下载！·用户名密码验证码找回密码·您还未注册？请注册您的账户余额为元，余额已不足，请充值。

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内容介绍>>2005年对外汉语教师资格考试中国文化试题（高级）样卷及答案一、填空题说明：第1—25题是填空题，每题有一个空；每个空1分，共25分。

请仔细阅题，并在答题纸相应的题号下填入恰当的答案。

1．分布于黄河中下游地区的______，因其遗址中有大量黑陶，故又称“黑陶文化”。

2．中国历史上“郡县制”的设置，最早始于_____。

3．中国人的姓氏的来源很多，司马、司徒等姓来源于_____。

4．先秦时期出现最早的一部以记言为主的历史著作是______。

5．古代中国人最突出的三大崇拜是天地崇拜、______和君师圣贤崇拜。

6．中国第一部有关茶的专著《茶经》的作者陆羽是______朝人。

7．唐代石匠李春设计建造的赵州桥位于今河北省的______。

8．中国佛教的“四大名山”之一的五台山是______菩萨的道场。

9．两汉时期以董仲舒为代表的儒家学者属于______。

10．北朝作家骊道元所著的______是一部颇具文学价值的历史文献。

11．唐代僧人玄奘所著的______是中外史上的不朽著作。

12．“知行合一”是宋代理学家______提出来的。

13．历史上著名的《春江花月夜》等音乐都属于______。

14．元人钟嗣成记录元杂剧作家作品的著作取名为______。

15．曾被人誉为“我明一绝”的文学形式是指______。

16．阿注婚是中国云南______族摩梭人的传统婚姻形式。

17．“曲水流筋”是古人在______的主要活动内容之一。

18．“教外别传，不留文字”是中国佛教的______主张。

全国2003年10月高等教育自学考试语言学概论试题一、单项选择题（本大题共26小题，每小题1分,共26分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内.错选、多选或未选均无分。

1。

语言符号具有可变性的根本原因在于语言符号的( A ）A。

任意性 B。

强制性 C。

离散性 D.线性2。

音高取决于( B ）A.发音体振动的振幅 B。

发音体振动的频率C。

发音体振动的持续时间 D。

共鸣器的形状3。

听觉上最自然、最容易分辨的最小语音单位是（ D ）A.音素 B。

音位 C。

音渡 D.音节4。

就词重音而言，不能用来区别意义的是（C) A。

自由重音 B。

移动重音C。

固定重音 D。

不固定重音5。

北京话“慢"单念时读[man]，但“慢慢儿”却有人读做[mai mar]，前一音节的语流音变现象是( B ）A.同化 B。

异化 C。

弱儿 D。

增音6.“奥林匹克运动会"这个词包含的语素数量是（C ）A。

2个 B。

3个 C。

4个 D。

7个7。

英语“worker"中的“—er”是( A ）A。

构词语素 B。

构形语素C。

虚词语素 D.词根语素8。

下列汉语词语中的“儿”不属于词根语素（实义语素）的是( D）A。

健儿 B。

女儿C。

少儿 D.花儿9。

整个语汇系统的核心和基础是（ D )A。

通用语汇 B。

常用语汇C。

一般语汇 D。

基本语汇10.一般语汇(非基本语汇）最重要的来源是（ C ）A。

古语词 B。

方言词C。

新造词 D.外来词11。

词组的聚合关系分类是指把词组分成（ A ）A。

向心词组和离心词组 B.联合词组和偏正词组C.基本词组和特殊词组 D。

简单词组和复杂词组12.把句子分成“单句”和“复句”，这种分类是（ D ）A.句子的句型类 B。

句子的句式类C。

句子的功能类 D。

句子的简繁类13。

“吓唬”和“恐吓"在非理性意义上的主要差别是( C ）A.语气意义不同 B。

全国2004年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements if followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1.The expression “physically handicapped” is the euphemistic equivalent of “（）”.A. uglyB. skinnyC. deafD. crippled2.A（）is a small open space symbolically enclosed with very low walls and adjoining a building.A. semihouseB. balconyC. plotD. yard3.English grammar is often said to be（）because English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to indicate the grammatical relations between linguistic elements.A. paratacticB. hypotacticC. explicitD. implicit4.The word “（）”is American spelling.A. colourB. travellerC. metreD. defense5.Smiling when criticized would be considered（）in American culture.A. improperB. politeC. friendlyD. frivolous6.A meddlesome person who pries into others’ affairs is a（）.A. busmanB. busybodyC. ladies’ manD. do-gooder7.English is the language which（）.A. demonstrates more hypotactic relations than Chinese does.B. demonstrates more paratactic relations than Chinese does.C. demonstrates only hypotactic relations.D. only relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.8.The idiomatic expression “between Scylla and Charybdis” can be translated into（）.A. 费了九牛二虎之力B. 进退两难C. 坐失良机D. 昙花一现9.Nike is the name of（）in Greek mythology.A. a heroineB. the goddess of victoryC. the goddess of fortuneD. a wealthy lady10.English speakers usually give small gifts to（）on his or her birthday.A. a casual friendB. a new acquaintanceC. a public servantD. a good friend11.（）can function as an appropriate reply to an invitation.A. “Thank you very much. I’ll come if I’m free then”B. “Thank you very much. But I can’t accept your invitation”C. “That would be nice. Thank you”D. “Thank you, I’ll try to come”12.When you want to compliment the new coat Mary wears, you can say（）.A. “I like your new coat.”B. “That’s very nice coat you’re wearing. It must be very expensive.”C. “You look much younger in this coat.”D. “How much did you pay for this coat?”13.The proverbial expression “life is but a walking shadow” is derived from the works of（）.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare14.In English culture “green” is often associated with（）.A. experienceB. an old ageC. jealousyD. failure15.“A pedant or erudite female intellectual” can be referred to as（）.A. a blue ribbonB. a blue stockingC. a grey mareD. a greengrocer16.The effort to rescue American captives in Iran in 1980 failed and it was called a(n)“（）” rather than a “failure”.A. incomplete successB. partial successC. intangible successD. mental success17.English speakers expect to be immediately informed of（）the letter they have received is written.A. the purpose for whichB. the reasons for whichC. the date on whichD. the place in which18.“Ticke t s, please!” said the guard, putting his head in at the window. （）everybody was holding out a ticket.A. Until thenB. To this endC. At lastD. In a moment19.Gestures that are used to help explain the spoken words are（）.A. regulatorsB. illustratorsC. adaptersD. emblems20.“A person or thing suddenly lifted from obscurity to honour or significance” can be referred to as（）.A. a CleopatraB. a PandoraC. a CinderellaD. a DavidⅡ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement.There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21.When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say（）.A. “It’s very nice”B. “This is really what I want”C. “It must have cost you a lot.Thank you very much ”D. “How much is it? Thank you very much”22.The English equivalents to “副” in Chinese are（）.A. lieutenantB. underC. deputyD. vice23.In English culture, “white” connotes（）.A. reactionB. deathC. innocenceD. purity24.Inductive argumentation has been related to（）.A. The linear thinking patternB. The branching thinking patternC. Inductive reasoningD. Indirect personality25.In individualistic culture,（）.A. an unexpected visitor may be refused franklyB. when you visit somebody, you could stay at his or her home for longC. it is quite common for several friends to pay respectively for what they have had in a restaurantD. it’s not common for parents to pay their children for what they have done for the family26.“A Pandora’s box” refers to a present or something（）.A. which the gods send to PandoraB. which brings happiness but looks uglyC. which a bride traditionally gives to a bridegroomD. which seems valuable but brings misfortune27.Much of the（）information is conveyed by eye behaviours.A. factualB. attitudinalC. emotionalD. cultural28.In general, American’s postures are more（）than the Chinese speakers’.A. casualB. aggressiveC. reservedD. appropriate29.The English speakers who expect a text to be developed linearly may find it（）.A. interesting to read a spirally developed textB. difficult to follow a spirally developed textC. illogic to develop a text spirallyD. reasonable to develop a text spirally30.“哪里” as a reply to a polite comment such as “You’re one of the top scholars in this field.” can be translated into“（）”.A. No. That’s not trueB. Not reallyC. It’s such a small fieldD. You’re jokingⅢ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.In a formal English letter of invitation, the inviter’s name normally comes___________the invitee’s name.32.The English equivalent of内人is___________.33.The English functional equivalent to 您过奖了is___________.34.Only human beings possess what can be called ___________ in the true sense of the term.35.Never cast your ___________ before swine.36.Man proposes, God ___________.37.Many plant and place names such as “poker” and “Mississippi” in American English come from ___________.38.Each language represents a unique system of meaning in ___________ ways.39.English speakers are direct people who tend to locate ___________ meaning before peripheral meaning.40.A little old woman with a wrinkle face as brown as a ___________ told us our fortune for ten pence.41.Differences in word order between Chinese and English are related to ___________.42.___________ time orientation refers to how people feel, think, or perceive time and how it influences their daily communication and lives.Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is artistic thinking?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”?45.What’s the general rule in English culture when introductions are co nducted?46.From which language is the word “cookie” borrowed?47.What does “a white hope” refer to?48.Are there honourifics in English? If there are, what are they?Ⅴ. Translation: (16%)49.It’s a long time since he went west.50.Rain started patter on the roof.51.You can’t judge a person according to his or her appearance.52.53.人不犯我，我不犯人。

全国2005年10月高等教育自学考试一、单项选择题（本大题共26小题，每小题1分，共26分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1．关于“说话”这种口头交际行为，下列说法正确的一项是（）A．只涉及心理问题，不涉及物理和生理问题B．只涉及物理问题，不涉及生理和心理问题C．只涉及生理问题，不涉及物理和心理问题D．既涉及心理问题，又涉及生理和物理问题2．判断两种话是不同语言还是同一种语言的不同方言应该主要参考（）A．相互理解程度B．语言结构的差异程度C．共同的历史文化传统和民族认同感D．是否属于同一个国家3．关于语音四要素，下列说法不正确．．．的一项是（）A．在任何语言中，音高变化都是语调的主要构成要素B．能起区别语言意义作用的是绝对的音高、音强和音长C．音长是由发音体振动的持续时间决定的D．音强是由发音体振动的振幅大小决定的4．下列关于区别特征的表述中，不正确．．．的一项是（）A．音位是通过区别特征相互区别的B．区别特征完全取决于语音的自然属性C．音位的辨义功能由区别特征负担D．区别特征通常都表现为二项对立5．关于“复辅音”，下列说法不正确．．．的一项是（）A．复辅音是一个音节内两个或几个辅音的组合B．复辅音内的几个辅音彼此之间有过渡音联结C．复辅音内的几个辅音的音质变化是突变式的D．复辅音并不是所有语言中都存在的语音现象6．下列各项中，都是低元音的一组是（）A．[y,æ] B．[a,Λ]C．[u,ε] D．[Aα,]7．下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是（）A．[k,η] B．[m, n]C．[n, η] D．[k,p]8．北京话“面”单念时读作[miæn],但“面包”却读作[miæmpαu],这种语流音变现象是1（）A．弱化B．增音C．同化D．异化9．关于现代汉语“洗”和“浴”两个语素，下列说法不正确．．．的一项是（）A．“洗”是成词语素，“浴”是不成词语素B．“洗”是自由语素，“浴”是黏着语素C．“洗”是不定位语素，“浴”是定位语素D．“洗”和“浴”都是实义语素10．下列各组中，三个复合词构词类型不一致．．．的一组是（）A．席卷耳鸣地震B．打倒切断推翻C．发光散热出气D．天地欢乐爱好11．下列各组词，吸收外来成分的手段存在不一致．．．情况的一组是（）A．丹麦挪威法兰西B．沙拉咖啡麦当劳C．卡车啤酒立邦漆D．香波克隆好莱坞12．语法规则的“抽象性”是指（）A．对语言的结构和成分进行类的概括B．相同规则可在一个结构里重复使用C．语法规则之间可以相互推导和解释D．语法规则的发展变化过程十分缓慢13．语法现象可以分成“核心语法现象”和“外围语法现象”，其中“核心语法现象”主要是指（）A．词语搭配问题B．意义表达问题C．语音实现问题D．句法结构问题14．主要功能是用来“造句”的同一级语法单位是指（）A．语素和语素组B．语素组和词C．词和词组D．词组和句子15．汉语中的词类（词的语法分类）可以首先分出的两个大类是（）A．基本词和非基本词B．实词和虚词C．典型词和兼类词D．体词和谓词16．下列关于“直接组成成分分析法”（层次分析法）的表述，不正确．．．的一项是（）A．从最大的词组开始逐层切分，一直切分到词为止B．从最小的词开始逐层组合，一直组合到词组为止C．分析时要依据两条原则：“成结构”和“有意义”D．分析时采用的方法是“先分主干”和“后添枝叶”17．“汽车”和“卡车”是（）A．上下位词B．同义词C．等义词D．近义词218．下列各项中，语义结构属于复合述谓结构的一项是（）A．这样做不值得B．他跑过去开门C．我们单位需要增加编制D．他们正在研究如何筹集资金19．下列各项中，甲和乙是预设关系的一项是（）A．（甲）他买了一支钢笔//（乙）他买了一支笔B．（甲）老王在小李的左边//（乙）小李在老王的右边C．（甲）他早就不在学校工作了//（乙）他以前在学校工作过D．（甲）什么水果他都吃过//（乙）他吃过苹果20．文字最基本的单位是（）A．笔画B．字符C．偏旁D．部首21．根据字符跟什么样的语言单位相联系的标准来分类，已知自源文字都属于（）A．词语文字B．语素文字C．音节文字D．音位文字22．在语言谱系分类的层级体系中，最大的类别是（）A．语族B．语支C．语系D．语群23．在儿童学会说话的过程中，“双词阶段”标志着儿童产生的语言能力是（）A．语音能力B．语汇能力C．语法能力D．语义能力24．“萨丕尔（E.Sapir）-沃尔夫（B. L. Whorf）假说”之所以被称作“语言相关论”，主要是因为他们认为（）A．思维决定语言B．语言决定思维C．语言和思维互不相干D．语言和思维相互作用25．关于“中介语”现象，下列说法正确的一项是（）A．“中介语”越到外语学习后期发展越快B．较高级的“中介语”也不能用于交际C．人们的中介语发展遵循大致相同的规律D．儿童学习母语过程中存在中介语现象26．从语言信息处理技术本身来看，下列各项中，属于未来一段时间研究的主攻方向的是（）A．文字编码B．语音识别C．文本检索D．机器翻译二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中有二个至五个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

2005年10月自考试卷答案语言学概论（小编整理）第一篇：2005年10月自考试卷答案语言学概论 自考及各类其他考试历年试题免费免注册下载超过2万套word文档试题和答案更多试卷答案下载免费试听网校课程2005年10月自考试卷答案语言学概论2005年10月自考试卷答案语言学概论 自考及各类其他考试历年试题免费免注册下载超过2万套word文档试题和答案2005年10月自考试卷答案语言学概论 自考及各类其他考试历年试题免费免注册下载超过2万套word文档试题和答案2005年10月自考试卷答案语言学概论 自考及各类其他考试历年试题免费免注册下载超过2万套word文档试题和答案2005年10月自考试卷答案语言学概论第二篇：00541语言学概论试卷及答案第一部分选择题一、单项选择题：本大题共20小题，每小题l分，共20分。

在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。

1．下面各项属于汉语北方方言的是A A．武汉话B．温州话C．上海话D．福州话2．下面各项申属于符号的是C A．炊烟B．月晕而风C．红绿灯D．打狗棍3．下面各词中的“子”属于成词语素的是C A．桌子B．柱子C．瓜子 D．镊子 4．明确提出思维决定语言这一观点的是B A．索绪尔 B．维戈茨基 C．保朴 D．皮亚杰 5．汉字“跑”是一个D A．指事字 B．象形字 C．会意字 D．形声字6．靠先天遗传而得到的语言能力被称为A A．语言获得B．语言参与 C．语言学习D．语言自觉7．“你们杀死了一个李公朴，会有千百万个李公朴站起来”采用的修辞手法是D A．比拟 B．夸张 C．比喻 D.借代8．周代称“翁婿”为“舅甥”反映出远古就存在B A．群婚制度B．族外婚制度 C．族内婚制度 D．血亲婚制度 9．人脑中掌管语言的是A A．大脑左半球 B．大脑右半球 C．小脑 D．脑干L0.儿童语言发展的非自控阶段一般出现在婴儿出生后的A A．前6个月 B.6个月到1岁 C．1岁到2岁 D．2岁以后 1．下面各项属于“威尔尼克失语症”患者的症状是C A．不能发音B．不能说出词语C．听不懂别人说话D．昕不到别人说话12．甲骨文“逐”的字形表现了商代的C A．种植活动 B.采集活动 C．狩猎活动 D．渔猎活动13．“横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为儒子牛”属于对偶句中的B A．串对 B.反对 C．正对 D．流水对14.一般认为大脑语言功能临界期的最后期限是D A.5-6岁B．7-8岁 C．9—10岁 D．12—13岁15．关于儿童掌握母语的“强化说”来源于巴甫洛夫的B A．生物进化理论 B．条件反射理论 C．激励理论 D．钙化理论 16．文字起源于D A．结绳 B．手势C.实物记事 D．图画和契刻 17.格律诗的韵脚用字应当用A A.平声字 B．上声字 C．去声字 D．入声字18．让计算机能接受语言信号并做出回应动作或答复，这种技术属于B A．语音合成 B．语音识别 C.自动翻译 D．人工智能19．着眼于语言的思维功能研究的语言外围研究学科是D A．社会语言学 B．普通语言学 C．外围语言学 D．心理语言学20．秦始皇名“政”，秦代正月不叫正月而叫“端月”，这是为了C A．讨吉祥 B．讨口彩 C．避讳 D．避难堪二、多项选择题：本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分。

全国 2003年 10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码： 00838第一部分 选择题（共 30 分）I. Each of the following incomplete statementsis followed by four alternatives. Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternativesbest completes the statement.(20%)1.A cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called .B. sandwich D. pudding 2. _____ All languages have terms and distinguish at least threecharacteristics in relatives.3. ___________________________________________ English speakers are direct people who tend to ___________________________________________ .A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaningB. locate central meaning before central meaningC. locate the modified after the modifierD. think holistically4.In English all the prefixes are morphemes.A. inflectionalB. grammaticalC. derivationalD. implicit5.Which of the following statements is not true?A. English speakershave a relatively small range of possibilities to select from when namingtheir newly born babies.B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.6.If an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness, he may sayA. “Do you really think so?”B.“Oh, I wish it could be true.”C.“Oh, you are too polite.”D.“No, I don 't think so.” 7. _______________________________ “ To make a cat laugh ” means .A. to be comicB. to be tragicC. to be proudD. to be serious 8. _________________________________________________________ The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” can be “ _______________________________ ” .A. Rats desert a sinking shipB. A small leak will sink a great shipC. He that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. Let another 's shipwreck be your seamarkA. hamburgerC. saladA. generation C. complicatedB. subtleD. kinship9.______________________ “ Green” connotes in English culture.A.ProsperityB. immaturityC. longevityD. sincerity10._______________________________ “Brown paper”corresponds to .A.棕色纸B.秘密文件C.揭露社会黑暗的报纸D.牛皮纸11.The English equivalent for “空袭紧急警报” is __ .A. blue alertB. white alertC. red alertD. black alert12.“Sanitary enginee”r is the euphemistic expression for “ _ ”.A. garbage collectorB. cleanerC. plumberD. gardener13.“敬请指正” can be treated as the Chinese equivalent o“f ” in English.A. I'd like to have your comments.B. Will you please point out my errors?C. I'd like to have errors correctedD. I'll gratefully expect your comments.14.When the speaker or writer discusses many things indirectly related to the central idea of thetext and /or to each other he or she develops the text in a(n) fashion.A .linear B. spiralC. inductiveD. deductive15.The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is thepronunciation of ____ in words.A. rB. aC. whD. er16.The first __ made in 449 B.C. had strong impact on the laws made later in most Europeancountries.A. Roman lawB. Napoleonic CodeC. French lawD. British law17._____________________________________________________________________ T he distance zone ranging from 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred so as the _______________ zone.A. publicB. intimateC. socio-consultativeD. casual-personal18.__________________________________________________________ R aising one's open hand with palm down to one's throat means “___________________________ ” in English culture.A. Shame on youB. I'm fullC. Kill yourselfD. You're shorter than I19.In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the ____ between interlocutors ininterpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligation20.The brand name ____ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative inEnglish culture?A.青岛啤酒B.白象牌电池C.泸洲老窖D.菊花电扇II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21.____ a re some important properties of language.A. UnsystematicB. Human specificC. VocalD. A set of symbols22.In the expression “to meet one's Waterloo”,the word “Waterloo” alludes to __ .A. a great victoryB. an achievementC. a final defeatD. a difficult or obstacleare coinages.B. PlaytexD. Cartan can be defined conceptually asB. prone to tearsD. biped25. _______________________ “Purple ” in English culture isoften associated with _______ .A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best26. ____ are usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culutre. A. Age and incomeB. Love and marriageC. Political and religious beliefsD. Personal opinions about daily affairs27. ____ is onomatopoeic words.B. Murmur D. Click28. When you respond to the compliment “ You look very nice in thisdress ” ,you should saya ”A. Thank you.B. No, I don 't think so at all.C. Do you really think so? I was not sure whether it suits me.D. It 's very kind of you to say so.29. ____ serve the function of substitution.A. Saying louder than usual to emphasize a verbal messageB. Pausing before saying something importantC. Waving goodbyeD. Beckoning another person to come30. ______________________________________________________ A “ slow ” student may be euphemistically referred to as “ ______________________________ ” .A. a mentally retarded studentB. one who is working at his/her own levelC. one who can do better work with helpD. a problem student第二部分 非选择题 (共 70分 )III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31. _________________________________________________________ The invisible, portable space that surrounds us is referred to as _________________________ space.32. ____ thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.33. ______________________________________________ “Pay one 's debt to nature ” is the euphemism for ________________________________________ .34. _____________________________________ The English equivalent of “寒舍” is .35.In an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as andoften located at the initial part of the paragraph.36.It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more __ than Englishadvertising.37.Since language represents thought, it is _ by thought.38.It is generally true that an English word may represent a or associative meaningdifferent23.The English brand names A. Trane C. Pierre 24.The word “woman ” A. an adult female C. long hair wearingA. SquealC. Rushfrom that of its translation equivalent in Chinese.39.__________________________________________________ The English functional equivalent for “敬请光临” is _______________________________________ .40.____________________________________________________________ The English proverbial equivalent for “金无足赤，人无完人” is ____________________________ .41.The En glish expressi on __ is equivale nt to “秃子头上的虱子明摆着”in Chi na.42.____ r efers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasison scandals,or resenting ordinarynews in a sensational manner.IV.Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is the English equivalent for “黑信” ?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat” ?45.What is the major difference between English and Chinese descriptive texts in style?46.Why is it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language?47.How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?48.What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?V.Translation:(16%)49.He breathed his last during the night.50.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.51.The greatest artist of the first half of this century has long last gone the way of all flesh.52.A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.53.为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼。

主题：英语语言学试题（2005-2006）全国2005年10月自学考试现代语言学试题Ⅰ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. The tone, defined as pitch variation, is an important suprasegmental feature of tone languages such as .A. ChineseB. EnglishC. Chinese and EnglishD. English and French2. Voicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of .A. the velumB. the vocal cordsC. the glottisD. the uvula3. The words that contain only one morpheme are called .A. bound morphemesB. affixesC. free morphemesD. roots4. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called .A. phase structure rulesB. syntactic rulesC. lexical rulesD. transformational rules5. The naming theory was proposed by .A. the Greek scholar PlatoB.C.K. Ogden and I.A. RichardsC. the British linguist J. FirthD. the American linguist L. Bloomfield6. Speech act theory was first proposed by .A. John AustinB. John SearleC. Noam ChomskyD. John Firth7. linguistics refers to the study of a language or languages at a single point in time, without reference to earlier or later stages.A. DiachronicB. SynchronicC. HistoricalD. Comparative8. Different functional speech varieties known as are expected in, say, a church sermon, a diplomatic encounter, a family dinner, or a sports broadcast.A. registersB. stylesC. dialectsD. accents9. is the study of language in relation to the mind.A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. LinguisticsD. Semantics10. In general, children’s holophrastic sentences begin .A. in the late part of the first year or the early part of the second yearB. in the second half of the second yearC. between two and three years oldD. between four and five years oldⅡ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11. Language can be defined as a system of arbitrary v symbols used for human communication.12. To satisfy the needs of the phoneticians in the study of speech sounds, a set of symbols called d are added to broad transcription to show the more subtle differences between similar sounds.13. The meaning of a compound is often i ,not always being the sum total of the meanings of its components.14. The clause into which another clause is embedded is called a m clause.15. Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning ofa word can be dissected into meaning components, called s features.16. C is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer.17. The major phonological change in the history of English known as the Great Vowel Shift involves seven long, or t , vowels of Middle English.18. Certain words in all societies are considered t -- they areforbidden or to be avoided.19. It’s known that specialized linguistic and perceptual skills are each localized in a particular hemisphere of the brain. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l .20. C speech refers to the simple, modified speech used by parents, baby-sitters, etc. when they talk to young children who are acquiring their native language.Ⅲ. Direc tions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%×10=20%)21.( ) According to Chomsky, a speaker can produce and understand an unlimited number of sentences because he possesses an internalized set of rules about his language.22. ( ) Phonological rules are not language specific, i.e. once proved to be valid, they can be applied to all languages.23. ( ) Under the Case Condition principle, when the Move αrule operates to change a sentence from the active voice to the passive voice, it can move a noun phrase to any Case receiving position.24. ( ) Lexical categories are generally known as parts of speech, and a language has major and minor lexical categories of a finite set.25. ( ) A grammatically well-formed sentence is always semantically well-formed.26. ( ) All illocutionary acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same illocutionary point.27. ( ) Borrowing occurs when one language takes a word or morpheme from another language and adds it to its lexicon.28. ( ) It is obvious that the standard variety of language is the correct form of language.29. ( ) Human linguistic ability largely depends on the structure of their vocal cords.30. ( ) According to Behaviorist learning theory, children are believed to gradually assume correct forms of the language of their community when their “bad” speech gets corrected and when their good speech gets positively reinforced.Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)31. cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language)32. phoneme33. linguistic competence34. syntactic movement35. homonymy 36. derivation 37. idiolect38. the critical period hypothesis39. intrapersonal communication40. telegraphic speechⅤ. Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41. Prefixes occur at the beginning of a word, and modify the meaning of a stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word. Do you think it is true? Support your answer with examples.42. What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle? Pleasegive examples to show how the flouting of these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature (Give at least two examples, each flouting a different maxim).2006年10月全国自考“现代语言学”试题Ⅰ. Directions: Read e ach of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1．Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of（）A．all consonants B．vowels onlyC．all consonants and some vowels D．all vowels and some consonants 2．The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”. This is the result of the ______________rule at work.（）A．deletion B．assimilationC．phonetic D．sequential 3．The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_______________.（）A．two roots B．a root and a suffixC．a root and a free morpheme D．a prefix and a root4．When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English” to the end of the sentence, we are now ______________ the phrase to the right.（）A．rewriting B．preposingC．postposing D．maintaining5．Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms?（）A．complementary B．relationalC．superordinate D．gradable6．In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a______________（）A．one-place predication B．tw o-place predicationC．three-place predication D．no-place predication7．In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of________________.（）A．SOV B．SVOC．VSO D．OSV8．Black English is a kind of _______________dialect.（）A．regional B．standard C．ethnic D．situational9．The critical period for language acquisition refers to the short period of _____________years old in one’s life, during which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular language.（）A．1-2 B．2-12C．1-12 D．13-1810．In a sense, humans can be said to be biologically programmed to acq点击:2047 | 回复:8 | 标签: uire at least one language. What is meant by this______________view of language acquisition is that humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.（）A．behaviorist B．nativist C．mentalist D．empiricistⅡ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the lettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.A scientific study of language is based on the s________________ investigation of language data.12.The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human linguistic communication and are of interest to linguistic studies are called thep________________ medium of language.13.phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences with infinite length, due to their r________________ properties.14.A f_________________ clause is a clause that takes a subject and a main verb, and at the same time stands structurally alone.15.In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is false, and if X is false, Y is true. The relationship between X and Y is i_________________16.In Au stin’ s early speech act theory, c________________ were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.17.In the historical development of language, sound change is inevitable,such as sound loss, sound a________________ and sound movement.18.Slang is often perceived as a low or vulgar form of language and is deemed to be undesirable in f_________________ styles of language.19.D_________________ listening tests involve simultaneously presenting, through earphones, two different auditory signals, one to the right ear and the other to the left ear.20.At children’s language development, one-word utterances can be used to express a concept or predication similar to a sentence in adult speech. For example, a child might use the word “dada”to mean “Dada, come here”, “more” to mean “Give me more candy”. Those utterances can also be called h_________________ sentences.Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the bracket in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%×10=20%)21.( )Language can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. The two approaches are equally favored by modern linguists.22. ( )Stress is a suprasegmental feature that is exclusively used with words, not with sentences.23. ( )A compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen between its components, or as two separate words. It is simply a matter of convention.24. ( )Major lexical categories are closed categories because the number of lexical items in these categories is fixed and no new members are allowed for.25. ( )The important criteria to distinguish polysemy from homonymy are the etymology of the words in question and the closeness of the relationship between the meanings in question.26. ( )The significance of Grice’s Cooperative Principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said.27. ( )The invention of steam-powered boats gave the verb sail an opportunity to extend its meaning to boats without sails. This example indicates that the meaning or semantic representation of words may become broader.28. ( )An official language is in fact a national language.29. ( )Generally speaking, left-handed people have their language centers in the left hemisphere of the brain.30. ( )A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3%×10=30%)31.phonemic contrast32.free morphemes33.hierarchical structure34.co-hyponyms35.utterance meaning36.perlocutionary act37.internal borrowing38.subvocal speech39.contrastive analysis40.caretaker speechⅤ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41.Discuss any FOUR of the features of human language that distinguish it from animal communication system.42.What is bilingualism? What is a bilingual community? What does it mean that most bilingual communities have one thing in common?。

专八人文辅导：05年专八人文真题回放(2)KEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD1. 选B。

Syntax （句法），研究词或其他句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科。

2. 选D。

语言的区别性特征包含有五个特征：arbitrariness(任意性)，productivity(能产性), duality（双层性） displacement,（不受时空限制｛ cultural transmission. （文化传递性）。

Arbitrariness,指一句话所表达的意思与表达这个意思的语言文字之间的关系不确定。

Productivity,事实上，能产性有时也称之为创造性，指的是人们可以构造或理解无穷多的新语句。

duality, 语言结构的二重性指的一个是语音结构，另一个是语义结构。

cultural transmission指的是语言不像遗传基因那样才能代代相传，语言必须作为一个体系，必须一点一点的习得。

人所要学的某一特定的语言是文化的即社会的语言，人出生后孤立于文化或社会环境之外是无法习得语言的。

3. 选B。

言语行为理论是由英国哲学家奥斯汀提出的假说。

60年代，英国哲学家J?L?Austin 奥斯汀和J?Searle赛尔勒先后发表了“语言行为”的理论。

根据奥斯汀的言语行为理论，当人们所处每句话时，不管其是否含有行为动词，都包含有“说”的成分和“做”的成分，即言内行为locutionary act，言外行为illocutionary act和言后行为perlocutionary act.4. 选B。

Canada的首度是Ottawa(渥太华)。

Toronto（多伦多）是加拿大的城市；Montreal （蒙利特尔）加拿大第二城市；Vancouver（温哥华）为第三大城市。

5. 选B。

美国总统大选每四年进行一次。

美国法律规定每逢以4能除尽的年份的11月的第一个星期一后的星期二举行大选，选举总统和副总统，任期4年。

Part I Dialogue Communication(15 minutes，15 points)Section A Dialogue Completion1. Speaker A: I'm exhausted. I had to work until 2 o'clock this morning.Speaker B:_________A. Don't worry too much. You can do it later.B. Take it easy. You didn't have to work so hard.C. Take time off and let it be.D. Take it or leave it. You don't have to do it.2. Speaker A: My apartment is only 10 minutes' walk from the office. Why don't you drop by some time?Speaker B:____________A. Because I didn't know you live so close by.B. Because I didn't want to bother you.C. I'd love to. Can I take my roommate along?D. That's OK. I'll be there soon.3. Speaker A: Doctor Smith is engaged on Wednesday. Would you like to come on Thursday?Speaker B:____________A. Thursday would be fine.B. See you then.C. Thank you very much. Good-bye.D. It's very kind of you.4. Speaker A: We came so close, really. We almost won that game!Speaker B:___________A. There, there.B. There's no use crying over spilt milk.C. You guys were superb.D. I couldn't care less.5. Speaker A: Don't you think the concert is terrific?Speaker B:____________A. I want to hear other opinions.B. It certainly is. And I really like the band.C. Yes, the concert is terrible.D. No, everything went on perfectly.Section B Dialogue Comprehension6. Woman: What do you like to do on your summer vacation?Man: I like nothing better than fishing on a hot summer day. Question: What does the man mean.?A. He doesn't like fishing on a hot summer day.B. Although he likes fishing, he doesn't want to do it on a hot summer day.C. Fishing is his favorite pastime on a hot summer day.D. He likes nothing, including fishing on a hot summer day.7. Woman: I heard John and Frank had a quarrel.Man: Oh, they soon made up.Question : What does the man mean?A. John and Frank had an argument, but now they are friends again.B. John and Frank hate each other since their argument.C. John and Frank pretended that they had a quarrel.D. John and Frank often quarrel though they are friends.8. Woman: I've changed my mind and would like to take the new approach.Man: You're on the right track now!Question: What does the man mean?A. The woman is right.B. The woman is getting on well.C. The woman is doing the right thing.D. The woman has changed her mind.9. Woman: Doctor, what's wrong with my father?Man: He's in pretty good shape, considering his age.Question: What do we learn from the dialogue?A. Her father is very sick.B. There is nothing serious with her father.C. Her father is an athlete.D. The man is not sure about her father's condition.10. Man: Why don't you dress up a little when you're out with your friends? Woman: That's a good idea !Question: What does the man suggest?A. The woman should put on nice clothes.B. The woman should wear makeup.C. The woman should get up right away.D. The woman should make a dress herself.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes,10 points)11. Scarcely________ those words when suddenly the monster was transformed into a very handsome youth.A. had he utteredB. did he utterC. he had utteredD. he did utter12. The new automobile factory is expected to________ around 30,000 to 50,000 vehicles annually in the first three years.A. assembleB. serviceC. supplyD. repair13. Within the foreseeable future there may be a major_______ of species, involving from one-third to two-thirds of all the species now in existence.A. exhaustionB. exhibitionC. extensionD. extinction14._________ we arrived in a more urban area, where Jim took me to a place called Boston Market.A. Before longB. After longC. Shortly beforeD. Shortly after15._________ urgent the situation may be, you will need to make one change at a time, and then move on.A. AsB. WheneverC. HoweverD. Whatever16. The museum's new building will have _______ the exhibition space as before.A. three timesB. three times likeC. three times asD. three times larger17. When you are in your room, leave the door_______ so that your visitors do not have to knock.A. openB. openedC. openingD. being open18. Earth is believed to________ by an object the size of Mars at some point in the distant past before its surface cooled.A. be hitB. have hitC. have been hitD. being hit19. The only thing ______ really matters to the parents is how soon their children can return home.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. this20. It is unacceptable that a person_______ for an uncommitted crime.A. gets punishingB. punishesC. get punishedD. to be felt21. In Australia the Asians have made their influence_______ in businesses, large and small.A. feelingB. feelC. feltD. to be felt22. The angry mother didn't know who ________ for the broken glass.A. will blameB. to blameC. to be blamedD. blames23. In the Chinese mind, the Spring Festival is ________with nice food and new clothes.A. joinedB. relatedC. linkedD. associated24. Mobile phones are proved to________ with flight instruments and have a negative effect on flight safety.A. interfereB. disturbC. interruptD. trouble25. Some governments have forbidden cigarette ________ and launchedanti-smoking campaigns.A. commissionsB. commoditiesC. commercialsD. commands26. If you try to sell them something that they________ for free, they aren't going to buy it.A. used to gettingB. used to getC. were used to getD. are used to get27. Applicants must show that they have $10,000 or more_______ for living expenses and approximately $10,000 for tuition.A. acceptableB. advisableC. availableD. applicable28. The director often says it is difficult to design a program that will meetthe________ needs of all our users.A. diverseB. distinctiveC. distinctD. distinguished29.________ their differences, they are united by the common desire to transform their personal commitment into public leadership.A. But forB. For allC. Above allD. Except for30. The winter just ending was________ severe, causing great hardship to the poorer people in this area.A. exceptionallyB. explosivelyC. extensivelyD. expressivelyPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes,40 points)Passage OneDeclaring that physical exercise is one of the most powerful medicines to help improve our quality of life is not an exaggeration. The World Health Organization expressed the same view in its 2002 World Health Report, emphasizing that the damage produced by lack of physical activity was equal to the strong probability of serious illness such as heart disease and even some kinds of cancer.Those who have embraced an active lifestyle for years are familiar with the sort of physical and psychological benefits that come from exercise. Nevertheless, a lot of people would never think of physical activity as a way of feeling better, simply because they don't think they are in need of it, or because they are lazy or maintain that they haven't got enough time.There are many positive effects that result from physical exercise and they are not only concerned with the physical aspects but also psychological and social ones.Beginning with the physical benefits, physical activity improves the life of the heart, burns off fat, lowers high blood pressure, makes tissues more resistant, and increases muscle flexibility and joint mobility.On a psychological level, physical activity helps reduce anxiety and stress by causing tension to disappear and by encouraging us to have a better sense of ourselves through listening to our bodies during movement.Lastly, seeing ourselves in better health is advantageous socially. The sense of satisfaction thus obtained will result in an increase of self-respect and self-confidence in terms of our ability to interact with others.The benefits linked to exercise have also not gone unnoticed in the business world, with more and more companies setting up gyms on-site. Employees' improved health translates into better performance and reduced costs as well as an increase in people's satisfaction in the work place.Physical activity is recommended for all age groups, including children. It is an important growth factor in a child's education.And for the elderly? There is no doubt that regular physical activity allows greater efficiency in daily life as well as creating more basic independence day by day, including the possibility of keeping in touch with others and not feeling isolated.31. The writer regards physical exercise as a strong medicine because_________A. the WHO holds the viewB. it helps improve the quality of lifeC. the lack of it equals serious illnessD. it enables people to live longer32. Many people do not engage in physical exercise mainly because_________A. they are not aware of its benefitsB. they don't have the facilitiesC. they don't think they need itD. they are physically unfit for it33. According to the passage, physical exercise can make people________A. stronger and more intelligentB. more intelligent and more open-mindedC. more open-minded and healthierD. healthier and stronger34. Physical exercise is socially beneficial because________A. it gives people competitive advantageB. it helps people reduce anxietyC. it enables employees to work better for their companyD. it makes people confident in dealing with others35. According to the passage, regular physical exercise can make oldpeople_______A. better able to look after themselvesB. look younger than they really areC. less likely to suffer from diseasesD. more aggressive in their interaction with othersPassage TwoAccording to the United States government, people are classified as homeless if they have no place to stay and no expectation of finding a place for the next thirty days. Although technically accurate, that is an impersonal assessment of an enormous and very human problem.The homeless population represents all of us Americans. It includes men and women, the elderly, children, and infants. Its members are from all ethnic (种族的) groups. What they have in common is poverty.Currently in the U. S. , thirty-nine million people live in poverty. When money is really tight, paying the rent or buying food often becomes a choice. Government assistance in the form of food stamps does help but, as one homeless man explains, you can't pay the rent with food stamps.With no money for rent, the streets and homeless shelters become the alternative.Although men constitute the largest group within the homeless population, homeless women with children are rapidly joining them. In fact, one quarter of the homeless people in the U. S. are teenagers and young children.People may become homeless for numerous reasons. However, there are certain factors that many of these individuals have in common. They include a lack of adequate education and job skills. A majority of the teenagers and adults have not completed high school.The abuse of alcohol and drugs is also a common factor. One third of the adult homeless population abuses alcohol, while one quarter of the same group uses drugs.Some members of this population suffer mental health problems. Within the past several years many institutions for the mentally iii have been closed and their patients sent "home". Unfortunately, a number of those people have no home to go to and they are unable to adequately look after themselves.Job loss in today's economy has also become a real factor in the loss of people's homes. The breakup of families through abandonment and divorce are also contributing factors, particularly when there are children involved. The parent who is left to care for the kids with inadequate income may be forced to depend on the homeless shelters to put a roof over their heads.36. The writer thinks that the U.S. government's definition of the homeless reveals __________A. an insincere attitude toward the homelessB. an unbearable attitude toward the homelessC. an uncivilized attitude toward the homelessD. an unsympathetic attitude toward the homeless37. The U.S. government helps the homeless by__________A. giving them homeless allowancesB. giving them food stampsC. finding jobs for themD. finding residences for them38. Most of the homeless in the U.S. are___________A. male adultsB. female adultsC. the elderlyD. children39. People become homeless for all the following reasons EXCEPT________A. the lack of adequate educationB. the abuse of alcohol and drugsC. the closure of institutions for the mentally iiiD. the poor performance of economy40. The breakup of families is likely to lead to homelessness because a parent with kids may______A. lose his or her job in today's economyB. be unable to look after the kidsC. not have enough incomeD. find residence at a homeless shelterPassage ThreeIn early 2004 eight tiny sensors were dropped from a plane near a military base in California. After hitting the ground, the sensors--also known as smart dust sensors--organized themselves into a network and quickly detected a fleet of military vehicles on the ground. They determined the direction, speed and size of a series of military vehicles traveling along the road and later transmitted the data to a computer at a nearby base camp.Smart dust sensors are minicomputers--as small as a grain of rice in some cases--that can monitor and evaluate their physical environment and can relay the information via wireless communication. They can monitor elements such as temperature, moisture, humidity, pressure, energy use, vibration, light, motion, radiation, gas, and chemicals. These devices will soon have many applications, such as use in emergency rescue.Software has been developed to run these minicomputers. A key feature of the software is the ability of the sensors to automatically organize themselves into a communications network and talk to each other via wireless radio signals. If any one connection is interrupted, the sensors will self-correct and pass the information on to the next available sensor.Each sensor has a chip that does the computing work--recording things like temperature and motion at its location. Each sensor also has a tiny radio transmitter that allows it to talk to other sensors within 100 feet or so. With a single network of 10,000 sensors--thought to be the biggest array(阵列) of sensors currently possible-- you could cover 9 square miles and get information about each point along the way. The data finally works its way to a base station that can send the information to a computer or to a wireless network.The scientists who are working with this technology say smart dust sensors can be used to detect the location or movement of enemy troops in areas too dangerous or remote for soldiers to operate. Scattering hundreds of self-networking sensors from a manned or unmanned plane onto the battlefield, in theory, could produce critical information and lead to strategic advantage. Sensors could also be used to detect the presence of chemical weapons and could give troops the time needed to put on protective gear.41. Smart dust sensors can do all the following EXCEPT__________A. giving troops their protective gearB. organizing themselves into a computer networkC. detecting the movement of military vehicles nearbyD. operating in remote and dangerous war zones42. By "physical environment" (Line 2, Paragraph 2), the writer means such elements as______A. the position of military troopsB. the presence of minicomputersC. the strength of radio signalsD. the amount of water vapor in the air43. If connection between two sensors is blocked, the network will automatically_______A. replace the sensor involvedB. repair the sensor involvedC. ignore the sensor involvedD. destroy the sensor involved44. To cover an area of 3 square miles and get information about each point along the way, how many smart dust sensors are needed?A. About 3,000 sensors.B. About 3,300 sensors.C. About 5,000 sensors.D. About 6,600 sensors.45. The passage implies that the smart dust sensors are most likely to be usedin________A. emergency rescueB. monitoring pollutionC. military operationsD. evaluating the environmentPassage FourEach semester, Andrew Tom receives a term bill outlining his expenses: tuition, dorm fee, student center fee, recreation fee, resident activity fee, health insurance. If only the rest of his expenses were as easy to quantify."It's like you start out the semester with plenty of money and then $20 for dinner out here and $ 100 at the department store there, it's gone," said Tom, a Northeastern University third-year student. "And there are so many things you need like toothpaste or laundry detergent (洗洁剂)that you don't think about until you get here and need it."From the books lining their shelves to the fashionable clothes filling their closets, college students say the expenses of a college education go well beyond tuition and a dining hall meal plan. Many say they arrive on campus only to be overwhelmed by unexpected costs from sports fees to the actual price of a slice of pizza.Balancing a job with schoolwork, especially at colleges known for their heavy workloads like Harvard and MIT, can be tough. So can the pressure students often feel to financially keep pace with their friends."When you get dragged along shopping, you're going to spend money; if you get dragged to a party and everyone wants to take a cab but you're cheap and want to take a bus, chances are you'll end up sharing the fee for the cab," said Tom. "I guess you could say no, but no one wants to be the only one eating in the snack bar while your friends are out to dinner."Max Cohen, a biology major at MIT, said he is accustomed to watching fellow students spend $40 a night to have dinner delivered or $50 during a night out at a bar.During the school's recent spring break, friends on trips for the week posted away messages that read like a world map--Paris, Rome, Tokyo. "Meanwhile I stay home and work," said Cohen. "I didn't realize when I came here how much money I would spend or how hard I would have to work to get by."It is a lesson some younger students learn quickly. Others, surrounded by credit card offers, go into debt, or worse, are forced to leave school."A lot of people don't think twice about how much they spend," said a first-year student at MIT, "and you feel the pressure sometimes to go along with them."46. The sentence "If only the rest of his expenses were as easy to quantify"( Lines 2-3, Paragraph 1 ) implies that_________A. there are many other unexpected expensesB. it is easy to calculate how much more to spendC. the tuition is too high to be calculatedD. he has to pay only a few other expenses47. All the following expenses are included in the term bill EXCEPT_______A. health insuranceB. sports feesC. recreation feesD. dorm fees48. According to the passage, many college students_______A. have to work hard in their studiesB. suspend their studies in order to workC. depend on their families for all the expensesD. are under great financial pressure49. The wo rd "cheap" (Line 2, Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to“_________”A. inferior in qualityB. inexpensiveC. unwilling to spendD. valueless50. From the last paragraph, one may learn that an important reason for the high hidden costs for college students is________A. the extremely high prices of daily necessitiesB. the school's overcharging for campus activitiesC. the too many expenses the students have to payD. the pressure of keeping pace with their peersPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes,10 points)Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005, 51 a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain's Economist magazine last week.The ambitious 52 to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only 53 of human satisfaction and well-being. The index of 111 countries uses 54 on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, equality between men and women as well as what the magazine calls "freedom, family and community life".Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic problems, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points 55 10. That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe (津巴布韦) , troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the lowest,56 only 3.89 points."Although rising incomes and increased individual choices in developed countries are 57 valued," the report said, "some of the factors associated with 58 such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact."Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new--the fourth highest gross domestic product per head in the world in 2005, low unemployment, political 59 with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as 60 family and community life."51. A. following up B. coming with C. according to D. except for52. A. attempt B. attack C. attitude D. attraction53. A. reason B. volume C. measure D. monitor54. A. amount B. data C. number D. account55. A. up to B. out of C. off and on D. in about56. A. missing B. getting C. keeping D. putting57. A. hardly B. excessively C. highly D. passively58. A. modernization B. civilization C. constitution D. tradition59. A. liberties B. activities C. unions D. campaigns60. A. sticky B. static C. steep D. stable。

2005年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试中国文化概论试题答案及评分参考（课程代码0321）31. 不同的民族有自己不同于其他民族的文化，（2分）文化的差异与特色是划分民族的标 志之一。

（1分）32. 作者是贾思勰。

（1分）其性质为古代农业科技书籍。

（1分）譬如作者就说:“凡人家营 田，须量己力”即是。

（1分）33. 道家的主要代表人物是老子。

（1分）其讲究超然物处，（1分）其在政治上强调“无为而 无不为”等。

（1分）34. 家族是由出身和婚姻形成的婚姻关系，（2分）里面包括血缘关系和姻缘关系。

（1分） 35. 地神祭祀在古代国家典礼中占有重要位置，地神又称地祇。

（1分）主要包括大地祭祀、 社稷祭祀、山川祭祀等。

（2分）四、简答题（本大题共5小题,毎小题6分，共30分） 36. 古代在这方面的主要失误：（1） 土地的过当开垦、收到一时之效，但造成了土地的沙化。

（3分）（2） 林木资源的过量开采，给北方造成了水土流失等灾难性的严重后果。

（3分） 37. （1）战国时期发现磁石指示南北现象,制成最初的指南针一司南。

（2分）（2） 北宋末年（公元12世纪初），指南针被用于航海贸易。

（2分）（3）南宋时，阿拉伯人从中国商人那里学会了使用指南针,（1分）后来阿拉伯人又1. A2. D3. C4. D5. A6. B7. D 8. A 9. A10. D 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. B 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C25. B二、多项选择题 （本大题共5小题,每小题2分，共10分）26. BD27. ABD28. ABC29. AE30. ABC三、名词解释题 （本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分）一、单项选择题（本大题共25小题,毎小题1分，共25分）将指南针技术传入欧洲。

（1分）中国文化概论试题答案及评分参考第1页（共2页）38.第一，科举制将儒家思想全面推进到社会各层面，成为中国传统文化的精神核心。