Test 14 英语

Directions: In this part of the test, there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence, please choose one from the four choices given that can best complete its meaning.题目1Economists have long focused on the concept of education as an investment that, on average, _______ well over the long term, for both individual students and society as a whole.选择一项：pays offpays formakes upmakes for题目2One of the most sincere forms of respect is _______ listening to what another has to say.选择一项：finallyvirtuallydailyactually题目3What the mass media offers is not popular art, but entertainment which is intended to be _______ like food, forgotten, and replaced by a new dish.选择一项：paidconsumedexpendedspent题目4While time spent online can be hugely productive, compulsive Internet use can _______ daily life, work, and relationships.选择一项：makes fortake upinterfere withbreak through题目5Universities, employers and professional bodies all _______ the need for effective engineers to have skills in management and business.选择一项：admitaccreditacquaintacknowledge题目6In modern times, a handful of technological wonders that started out as novelties, have become _______ to our daily routines.选择一项：indispensableliablecompatiblevulnerable题目7Water purification is the _______ of contaminants from raw water to produce drinking water that is pure enough for human consumption or for industrial use.选择一项：removaldismissaldeparturerefusal题目8Most new technologies, with the exception of those associated with weaponry, have had hugely ________ effects for most people extending our capabilities and indeed our lives to an extent that our ancestors could not have imagined.选择一项：beneficialurgentformalharmful题目9For many people, an important aspect of overcoming Internet and computer addiction is to find _______ ways to handle these difficult feelings.选择一项：renewablealternativepermanentchangeable题目10In many cases, what we say is less important than how we say it or the other _______ signals we send out, such as eye contact, facial expression, tone of voice, and gesture.选择一项：warningnonverbaloralelectronic题目11Electronic files are replacing ________ filing cabinets, and intelligent facsimile and copying machines are appearing together with a variety of printers able to print anything from letter-quality characters to four color diagrams.选择一项：considerateconversationalconsequentconventional题目12Some people may be required to work shifts or excessive hours, whilst others feel they simply cannot _______ targets they see as unrealistic.选择一项：obtainacquiremeetcomplete题目13Of course, music can be distracting if it's too loud or too jarring, or if it _______ for our attention with what we're trying to do.选择一项：preachesappliescompetesinquires题目14Most studies on innovation have shown that it is often more difficult for large corporations to _______ the same level of creativity and freedom as start-ups.选择一项：sustainmaintainrefraincontain题目15From primitive developments such as the wheel and paper to today's high-tech gadgets, there's certainly no _______ of impressive developments that have changed the way we live and work. 选择一项：senseuseshortagematter题目16It's true that humanity has seen a ________ of crises, wars and atrocities, but this negative side is offset by advances in technology and cultural exchanges.选择一项：pairsuccessionlinefraction题目17Whether its checking the weather, e-mail, or bank account, smartphones have made mobile connectivity so _______ that today’s younger generations seem much more “addicted” to their smartphones.选择一项：feasiblevisibleimaginableaccessible题目18Email, blogs, social networks, instant messaging, and message boards allow for both public and _______ communication about any topic.选择一项：wordlessconfidentialverbalanonymous题目19There is only one way to happiness and that is to cease worrying about things which are _______ the power of our will.选择一项：throughbeyondbyoff题目20Engineers may help produce guided missiles, industrial robots, or _______ limbs for the physically handicapped.选择一项：artisticauthenticarticulateartificialPART 2 (5 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 10 sentences which have been divided into five fragments. Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.题目21Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form asentence so that it can make sense.the two influenza researcherswhose work has triggered a far-reaching debateon the limits of scientific freedomcould hardly have handledtheir publicity more differently题目22Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.another reason for studying managementis the reality that for most of you,once you graduate from collegeand begin your careeryou will either manage or be managed题目23Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.the team then comparedits measured rate withthose from more recent eras to conclude thatthe universe’s expansion wasslowing at that time题目24Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.we always try to havea strong global dimension in our research and development,and our scientists see internationalcooperation as an integralpart of our modern research community题目25Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.from a functional perspective, the role ofa materials scientist is to develop or synthesizenew materials, whereas a materials engineeris called upon to create new products or systemsusing existing materials题目26Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.the measurements so far lendsupport to the leading theory thatdark energy is a natural propertyof empty space:the more the universe expands, the stronger dark energy becomes题目27Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.detecting the presence of populationsof rare and threatened animal speciesis a challenge for conservation planners and managersespecially in habitats like lakes and riverswhere an animal leaves little or no macroscopic trace题目28Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.other theories posit thatdark energy is a temporaryphenomenon like inflation,and that matter’s gravitational pull will one day take ove rand temper the universe’s growth spurt题目29Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.but as the universe got larger andmatter got more diluted,scientists believe something beganpressing the gas pedal again, causingexpansion to accelerate once more题目30Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.the more familiar an engineer or scientist iswith the various characteristicsas well as processing techniques of materialsthe more proficient and confident he or she will bein making judicious materials choices based on these criteria题目31PART 3 (5 points)Directions: In this part of the test, you have 5 paragraphs given in wrong order. Please re-organize these paragraphs by dragging them with your mouse so that they make a coherent text. The third paragraph has already been correctly marked for you.PART 4 (10 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there is a passage with 10 blanks. For each blank, please choose ONE word or phrase from the list below by dragging it with the mouse to complete the passage.~ 11 ~。

高中英语知识点大全（54）:exam / exmination / test / quiz的区别1、exam / exmination / test / quizexamination通常只指正式的“考试”，如期末考试、入学考试等。

exam 是examination的缩写，常用于口语,多为学生使用。

test为“小考”成“考查”;quiz 为“测验”,特指事先无准备，随时进行的测验，也可指（广播节目中的）一般知识测验、问答比赛、猜谜等。

例如：He did very well in the entrance examination. 他在入学考试中成绩很好。

There’s going to be a physics test this afternoon.今天下午将进行物理考试.The teacher gave us a five-minute quiz。

老师对我们进行了一次五分钟的小测验。

2、example / pattern / modelpattern “型、式样、图样"可指供模仿的某物原型或精心设计出的图样或模型，也可指榜样.如：Can you use the sentence pattern?他会用这个句型吗？She is a pattern for us。

她是我们学习的典范。

model “模型、模范”,指供模仿或值得信效的人或物。

如:Have you seen his model ship？你看见过他的船模吗？example“例子、榜样”,主要指人及其行为和活动被他人信效.如：Example is better than precept。

身教重于言教。

3、expect/ wait二者均有“等待”之意，但有不同。

expect侧重心理状态，因而可译为“期待，期盼”，是及物动词；而wait指行动，有“不干别的事专门等"之意，是不及物动词.对比：They are busy with prepartions, expecting the foreign guests.他们忙着准准备,期待着外宾的到来。

F、G开头的单词讲解与测试词汇测试与运用一、Test 13Section A. Match Column A with Column B and write down the right order below.Column A Column B1234Section B. Put the following words into Chinese.1. evil______________2. excursion._________3. exhausted_________4. exclaim___________5. exhibit____________6. exit______________7. eyebrow __________8. fable_____________9. facility____________ 10. faint______________ 11. fake______________ 12. fancy ____________513. eventual___________ 14. everlasting___________15. evident____________ 16. evolve_____________17. exploit_____________ 18. fatal_______________19. fate________________ 20. faulty______________Section C.Choose the right word from the table to fill in the blank of each sentence with correct forms.1. The child stood at the shop window for a long time because of the________ of toys on display.2. He was out of breath; the___________ dream excited him.63. On account of his perfect skills and formal musical education background, the young musician rose quicklyto___________.4. He was a worthy soldier, for he followed the instructions___________.5. The problem worrying me is to what___________ we can believe him.6. It was dull; his recitation was almost___________.7. The fireworks___________ in his hand, injuring him in the eyes.8. His behaviour___________the last trace of affection she had for him.9. The decay of the government caused the___________ of the youthful hopes.10. In the course of his ___________of the country, he found out some of the secret.11. They cannot offer a satisfactory ___________of the mystery.12. We can redecorate the room at little___________, if we use the old paint.713. She had high___________ of what the university had to offer.14. All air must be'___________ from the bottle if the experiment is to work.15. He looked at his child with___________ pride.Section D. Put the following sentences into English. （运用动词不定时进行翻译）1.为了维护持久的和平，我们得与恐怖主义作斗争。

常见的各类考试的英语缩写1.MET（Matriculation English Test）高考英语测试2.NMET（National Matriculation English Test）全国高考英语测试3.CET-4(College English Test, Band 4)大学英语四级考试4.CET-6(College English Test, Band 6)大学英语六级考试5.TEM-4(Test for English Majors, Grade4)英语专业四级考试6.TEM-8(Test for English Majors, Grade8)英语专业八级考试7. BEC(Business English Certificate)商务英语证书考试8. BFC(Business Foreign Language Test)商业外语考试（有英、日、德、俄四个语种）9. CPE(Certificate of Proficiency in English)精通英语证书考试10.EPT(English Proficiency Test)英语水平考试（现为WSK的一种）11. GRE(Graduate Record Examination)研究生入学考试12. TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language)托福考试13. GMAT(Graduate Management Admission Test)研究生管理学科入学考试14. WSK(“外语水平考试”的汉语拼音缩写) 外语水平考试（有英语、法语、日语、德语、俄语五个语种）15. ACT考试，它的全称是American College Test。

16. SAT，全称Scholastic Assessment Test，中文名称为学术能力评估测试。

由美国大学委员会（College Board）主办，SAT成绩是世界各国高中生申请美国名校学习及奖学金的重要参考17. IELTS，外文名International English Language Testing System，由剑桥大学考试委员会外语考试部、英国文化协会及IDP教育集团共同管理，是一种针英语能力，为打算到使用英语的国家学习、工作或定居的人们设置的英语水平考试。

研究生英语教程(第五版)UNIT 14 cloze test详解Humans are unique in the extent to which they can reflect on themselves and others. Humans are able to 1, to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future. A meaningless, 2 world is an insecure world. We do not like extensive insecurity. When it 3 to human behavior weinfer meaning and 4 to make to behavior understandable.5 all this means is that people develop “quasi theories” of human behavior, that is, theories that are not developed in 6, scientific manner. When doing so, people believe they know 7 humans do the things they do.Let’s consider an example. In the United States people have been 8 with the increasing amount of crime for several years. The extent of crime bothers us; we ourselves could be victims. But it 9 bothers usthat people behave in such ways. Why can such things happen? We develop quasi theories. We 10 concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we 11 it: out criminal justice system is 12; people have grown selfish and inconsiderate as our moral values weaken 13 the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are 14 drugs. These explanations suggest possible solutions. 15 the courts; put more people in jail as examples to other law breaker. There is now hope that the problem of crime can be solved if only we 16 these solutions. Again, the world is no longer meaningless nor 17 so threatening.These quasi theories 18 serve a very important function for us. But how accurate are they? How 19 will the suggested solutions be? These questions must be answered with 20 to how people normally go aboutdeveloping or attaining their quasi theories of human behavior.[301 words]1 [A] reason[B] consider[C] understand[D] meditate2 [A] unanimous[B] unimaginable[C] unpredictable[D] unfortunate3 [A] goes[B] comes[C] makes[D] concerns4 [A] explanations[B] conclusions[C] motives[D] consequences5 [A] That[B] Even[C] As[D] What6 [A] an objective[B] a subjective[C] a theoretic[D] a conclusive7 [A] how[B] why[C] whether[D] when8 [A] worried[B] disturbed[C] perturbed[D] concerned9 [A] also[B] even[C] yet[D] still10 [A] retain[B] remain[C] maintain[D] refrain11 [A] know[B] comprehend[C] understand[D] grasp12 [A] precautious[B] inadequate[C] deficient[D] destructive13 [A] because[B] as[C] from[D] for14 [A] for[B] on[C] against[D] with15 [A] Consolidate[B] Stiffen[C] Confirm[D] Strengthen16 [A] act on[B] work out[C] see to[D] set up17 [A] rather[B] very[C] much[D] quite18 [A] moreover[B] therefore[C] nevertheless[D] otherwise19 [A] sufficient[B] efficient[C] effective[D] capable20 [A] respect[B] relation[C] result[D] association1、「答案」[A]reason「解析」reason是说理、推理,可与下文to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future 相呼应。

2014年12月B级考试真题Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 4 sections.Section ADirections:This section is to test your ability to give proper responses. There are 7 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read:A) I m not sure.B) You’re right.C) Yes, certainly.D) That’s interesting.From the question we learn that the speaker is asking the listener to leave a message. Therefore, C) Yes, certainly. is the correct answer. You should mark C) on the Answer Sheet.［A］［B］［C］［D］Now the test will begin.1. A) How are you? B) Yes, I’m looking for a gift.C) Mind your step. D) No hurry at all.2. A) A good job. B) Just call me.C) I know. D) 20 dollars.3. A) I’m John Brown. B) At two o’clock.C) She’s not here. D) Don’t worry.4. A) Good idea. B) No, thanks.C) It’s over there. D) That’s all right.5. A) Yes, of course. B) By train.C) See you again. D) It doesn’t matter.6. A) Don’t mention it. B) Let’s go.C) Okay. D) This way, please.7. A) Never mind. B) Take care.C) Not too bad. D) Here you are.Section BDirections:This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 7 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken two times.When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Now listen to the dialogues.8. A) Fine. B) Difficult.C) Bad. D) Slow.9. A) He’s writing a report. B) He’s on a business trip.C) He’s attending a meeting. D) He’s on his holiday.10. A) Quite boring. B) Very good.C) Too simple. D) So difficult.11. A) He got a new job. B) He was on holiday.C) He had a car accident. D) He was ill.12. A) Send an email. B) Book a ticket.C) Visit the company. D) Copy a report.13. A) The Engineering Department. B) The Production Department.C) The Sales Department. D) The Marketing Department.14. A) It is easy to repair. B) It often breaks down.C) It is very expensive. D) It works fine.Section CDirections:In this section, there are 2 recorded conversations. After each conversation, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Now listen to the conversations.Conversation 115. A) Visit a friend. B) Take a holiday.C) See a movie. D) Attend a concert.16. A) A car. B) A bike.C) A camera. D) A printer.Conversation 217. A) Send an email. B) Go for a walk.C) Talk to the manager. D) Have a break.18. A) He has to meet a client. B) He has to finish a report.C) He has to prepare for a meeting. D) He has to fix his computer.19. A) In an office. B) In a cafe.C) In a hospital. D) In a computer shop.Section DDirections: In this section you will hear a recorded short passage. The passage is printed in the test paper, but with some words or phrases missing. The passage will be read three times. During the second reading, you are required to put the missing words or phrases on the Answer Sheet in order of the numbered blanks according to what you hear. The third reading is for you to check your writing.Now the passage will begin.Ladies and gentlemen, our plane is flying smoothly now. The duty-free sales will soon begin. Please 20 your list of purchases. In your seat pocket, you can find the Shopping on Board magazine. All prices are listed both in the local currency (货币) and in US dollars. And you can pay 21 or by using a credit card. We accept 22 major credit cards. Frequent passengers win points 23 on board. There are some excellent bargains and there are several items specially designed for our 24 . Thank you!Part II Vocabulary & Structure (10 minutes)Directions:This part is to test your ability to construct correct and meaningful sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections:In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.25. I did not to meet you here far away in this country.A) think B) seeC) expect D) guess26. I wish I could have attended the job fair yesterday, but I it.A) missed B) would missC) miss D) will miss27. We are so busy this week that we have to the meeting till next week.A) give away B) put offC) take over D) set out28. It is with great pleasure I accept your offer to join the club.A) which B) whomC) who D) that39. To fully enjoy your trip, we hope you will make a detailed plan .A) on purpose B) in realityC) by accident D) in advance30. Do you think such a small company will be capable of this large order?A) handling B) handledC) to handle D) handle31. Please us of your decision and we will act according to it.A) give B) informC) take D) make32. The company makes it possible the market information with its partners.A) share B) sharingC) to share D) shared33. It has been unusually cold this winter and experts say it’s not .A) normal B) differentC) necessary D) important34. our great surprise, our company has made much more profit than we expected last year.A) For B) InC) With D) ToSection BDirections:There are 5 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.35. When there is something (serious) wrong, people usually expect an apology.36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay should (raise) by 20 percent.37. My (person) view is that the price they offer is quite competitive.38. It seems that this method is (effective) than the previous one.39. Researchers found several important (different) in the way boys and girls learn a foreign language.Part III Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions:This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 40 to 44. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.A friend of mine is a department manager at a large company. His secretary requested a 10% salary raise.The problem was that 10% was a large raise compared to the 5% other employees had received. Was there a win-win（双赢）way out of this problem?As they looked at the possibilities, several ideas appeared. The company starts work at 8 am and closes at 5 pm. The manager learned that his secretary got caught in heavy traffic every evening on the way home. They agreed to have her work from 7:30 am to 4:30 pm. This saved her at least 20-25 minutes driving time, a benefit to her at little or no loss to the company.They then studied her job in detail. Before long they jointly developed a new idea which gave her more responsibilities, and, at the same time, more interesting work.Both parties benefitted from the changed arrangement of work. The raise itself was then discussed. A decision was made by agreeing on a 6% raise for three months and then an additional 12% later if the new responsibilities were properly performed.40. What was the department secretary’s request?A) A better work environment.B) A change of job position.C) A challenging task.D) A salary raise.41. The salary raise for the other employees was .A) 2 percent B) 5 percentC) 6 percent D) 10 percent42. According to the passage, to achieve a win-win result the company agreed to .A) give the secretary fewer responsibilitiesB) allow the secretary to work from homeC) change the secretary’s work timeD) reduce the secretary’s work load43. According to the last paragraph, the secretary may have an additional 2% salary raiseif .A) she can perform her new responsibilities wellB) the company offers her a higher positionC) she agrees to change her work scheduleD) the company makes more profits44. Who will benefit from the new arrangement of work?A) All the employees in the company.B) The company and the secretary.C) The company only.D) The secretary herself.Task 2Directions:The following is a notice. After reading it, you willl find 3 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 45 to 47. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Notes:1. academics 学者2. Advisory 咨询3. Contemporary 现代的45. The opening celebration of the Student New Media Art Exhibition will take place .A) on 18 April B) on 25 AprilC) on 18 May D) on 25 May46. The aim of the exhibition is to create a dialogue between .A) manufacturers and consumers B) students and their parentsC) students and academics D) teachers and artists47. To learn more information about the exhibition, you can .A) send an email B) make a phone callC) pay a visit to the exhibition D) visit the organizer’s websiteTask 3Directions: Read the following passage. After reading it, you should complete the information by filling in the blanks marked 48 to 52 (in no more than 3 words) in the table below. You should write your answers on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Home Ready for You to Move in!Ready for immediate occupancy (入住)! The original (原来的) price of the home was $305,000, but the current price is only $244,900.The beautiful 2-story home was built in 2013 on a 10,000 square feet lot in a quiet neighborhood. No shoes have been worn inside. The home features 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms and 1 offce room. The laundry room is conveniently located upstairs. A three year old high efficiency washer and dryer is already included in the sales price.The home has an attached 2-car garage with a shop area. Central A/C & a high efficiency heating unit will keep the home cool in the summer & warm in the winter. Home is located minutes to Dallas City and schools. Don’t miss this one. For more information, please email us at ********************.Task 4Directions:The following is a list of terms about hotel and its services. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与……等同）those given in Chinese in the table below Then you should mark the corresponding letters in order of the numbered blanks, 53 through 57, on the Answer Sheet.A—Apartment Hotel B—Apartment Style UnitsC—Cooking Facilities D—Available RoomsE—Number of Rooms F—Average Daily RateG—Bed & Breakfast (B& B) H—Central Reservation SystemI—Check Out Time J—Room RateK—Restaurants & Bars L—Frequent TravelerM—Front Office N—Guest RoomsO—Guest Account P—Service FacilitiesQ—Food & Beverage ServicesTask 5Directions: The following is a short introduction to Housing New Zealand. After reading it, you are required to complete the answers that follow the questions (No.58 to No.62). You should write your answers (in no more than 3 words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.When thinking about renting or buying a house, it’s hard to know where to start. Housing New Zealand is here to help you.If you would like to apply for social housing, your first step is to talk to the Ministry of Social Development (社会发展部) about your housing needs. They’ll discuss your situation withyou, and look at the best way to help.Then, if you are eligible (有资格的) for social housing, they’ll arrange an interview for you.To get started, call Work and Income on 0800 559 009, or Senior Services on 0800 552 002 if you re over 65.We’ve also got a whole section on our webpage buying your home—take a look, you may already meet the requirements for one or more of our home ownership products, or find it is almost within your reach.58. What service does Housing New Zealand offer?It helps people to rent or buy .59. How can the Ministry of Social Development find the best way to help you?By discussing with you.60. What will the Ministry of Social Development do if you are eligible for social housing?They will arrange for you.61. What should people over 65 do when applying for social housing?The first step is to call Work and Income, or on 0800 552 002.62. Where can you find the requirements for home ownership products?By looking at the webpage .Part IV Translation—English into Chinese (25 minutes)Directions:This part, numbered 63 to 67, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. Each of the four sentences (No.63 to No.66) is followed by three choices of suggested translation marked A), B), and C). Make the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. And then write your translation of the paragraph (No.67) in the corresponding space on the Translation/Composition Sheet.63. You will tip about 10% in a British restaurant if the bill doesn’t include a service charge.A) 英国餐馆通常收取服务费，有时另外还要你再付10%左右的小费。

尿素碳14呼吸实验英语The urea carbon-14 breath test is a medical test used to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria in the stomach. This test involves the ingestion of a small amount of urea that has been labeled with carbon-14. If H. pylori is present in the stomach, it will break down the urea, releasing carbon-14 labeled carbon dioxide, which is then exhaled in the breath.The test is conducted by having the patient swallow a capsule or drink a solution containing the carbon-14 labeled urea. After a short period of time, the patient will be asked to exhale into a collection bag. The exhaled breath sample is then analyzed for the presence of carbon-14 labeled carbon dioxide, indicating the presence of H. pylori.The urea carbon-14 breath test is a non-invasive and relatively simple way to detect H. pylori infection. It is considered a reliable method for diagnosing H. pylori andis widely used in clinical practice. The test is also used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for H. pylori infection by repeating the test after treatment to confirm that the bacteria have been eradicated.In conclusion, the urea carbon-14 breath test is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of H. pylori infection. It provides a non-invasive means of detecting the presence of the bacteria and monitoring the success of treatment. This test has become an important part of clinical practice in the evaluation of stomach-related disorders.。

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering5 地下工程 Underground Engineering6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics精品文库43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment52 扭矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 principal stress58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection61 沉降settlement62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline82 期刊 journal periodical83 文献literature84 国际标准刊号ISSN International Standard Serial Number精品文库85 国际标准书号ISBN International Standard Book Number86 卷 volume87 期 number88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis dissertation91 专利 patent92 档案档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索引EI Engineering Index99 科学引文索引SCI Science Citation Index100 科学技术会议论文集索引ISTP Index to Science and Tec hnology Proceedings101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工程师协会ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers109 联邦公路总署FHWA Federal Highway Administration110 国际标准组织ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范 Specification Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2.foundation engineering 基础工程3.soil earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学5.cyclic loading 周期荷载6.unloading 卸载7.reloading 再加载8.viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基9.viscous damping 粘滞阻尼10.shear modulus 剪切模量精品文库11.soil dynamics 土动力学12.stress path 应力路径13.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位3.clay minerals 粘土矿物4.secondary minerals 次生矿物ndslides 滑坡6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8.boulder 漂石9.cobble 卵石10.gravel 砂石11.gravelly sand 砾砂12.coarse sand 粗砂13.medium sand 中砂14.fine sand 细砂15.silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉质粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt 粘质粉土22.saturated soil 饱和土23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土24.fill (soil) 填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土28.zonal soil 区域性土29.soft clay 软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil 冻土24.degree of saturation 饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会精品文库四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling 砂沸5.flow net 流网6.seepage 渗透（流）7.leakage 渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force 渗透力11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩11.bearing capacity 承载力12.soil mass 土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load 集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18.strip footing 条基19.square spread footing 方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement 沉降27.deformation 变形28.casing 套管精品文库29.dike=dyke 堤（防）30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组31.physical properties 物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil 级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力36.shear stresses 剪应力37.principal plane 主平面38.major (intermediate minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数pression index 压缩指数47.swelling index 回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力49.additional stress 附加应力50.total stress 总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖（挖方）2 dewatering （基坑）降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point system 井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七.深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础1)cast –in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩6.shaft 竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8.pile caps 承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩18.uplift pile 抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt 桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan 桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35.pile cushion 桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验38.pile shoe 桩靴39.pile noise 打桩噪音40.pile rig 打桩机九.固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结10.secondary consolidation 次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度12.consolidation test 固结试验13.consolidation curve 固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力12.failure criterion 破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型6.Du ncan-Chang model 邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening 加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface 屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory 朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角2.Bishop method 毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七.浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础8.flexible foundation 柔性基础9.emxxxxbedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD)paction test 击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验12.sieve analysis 筛分析13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪16.direct shear test 直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test 原位试验第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering5 地下工程 Underground Engineering6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics精品文库41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment52 扭矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 principal stress58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection61 沉降settlement62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline82 期刊 journal periodical精品文库83 文献literature84 国际标准刊号ISSN International Standard Serial Number85 国际标准书号ISBN International Standard Book Number86 卷 volume87 期 number88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis dissertation91 专利 patent92 档案档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索引EI Engineering Index99 科学引文索引SCI Science Citation Index100 科学技术会议论文集索引ISTP Index to Science and Tec hnology Proceedings101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工程师协会ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers109 联邦公路总署FHWA Federal Highway Administration110 国际标准组织ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范 Specification Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2.foundation engineering 基础工程3.soil earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学5.cyclic loading 周期荷载6.unloading 卸载7.reloading 再加载8.viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基精品文库9.viscous damping 粘滞阻尼10.shear modulus 剪切模量11.soil dynamics 土动力学12.stress path 应力路径13.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位3.clay minerals 粘土矿物4.secondary minerals 次生矿物ndslides 滑坡6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8.boulder 漂石9.cobble 卵石10.gravel 砂石11.gravelly sand 砾砂12.coarse sand 粗砂13.medium sand 中砂14.fine sand 细砂15.silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉质粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt 粘质粉土22.saturated soil 饱和土23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土24.fill (soil) 填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土28.zonal soil 区域性土29.soft clay 软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil 冻土24.degree of saturation 饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度精品文库45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling 砂沸5.flow net 流网6.seepage 渗透（流）7.leakage 渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force 渗透力11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩11.bearing capacity 承载力12.soil mass 土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load 集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18.strip footing 条基19.square spread footing 方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement 沉降精品文库27.deformation 变形28.casing 套管29.dike=dyke 堤（防）30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组31.physical properties 物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil 级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力36.shear stresses 剪应力37.principal plane 主平面38.major (intermediate minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数pression index 压缩指数47.swelling index 回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力49.additional stress 附加应力50.total stress 总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖（挖方）2 dewatering （基坑）降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point system 井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七.深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础1)cast –in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩6.shaft 竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8.pile caps 承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩18.uplift pile 抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt 桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan 桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35.pile cushion 桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验38.pile shoe 桩靴39.pile noise 打桩噪音40.pile rig 打桩机九.固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结10.secondary consolidation 次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度12.consolidation test 固结试验13.consolidation curve 固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力12.failure criterion 破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型6.Du ncan-Chang model 邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening 加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface 屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theo ry 朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角2.Bishop method 毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七.浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础8.flexible foundation 柔性基础9.emxxxxbedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD)paction test 击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验12.sieve analysis 筛分析13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪16.direct shear test 直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test 原位试验。

Test for Unit 14(时间120分钟，满分120分)题号ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅨⅩⅪ总分得分扫码听录音听力部分(20分)Ⅰ.听句子，选出与其相符的图片。

(5分)听力材料：1.This w eek w e're ha v ing a party to celebrate the end of junior high school.2．Last year，I'd like to be an astronaut and go into space.3．I w ant to learn to play the guitar in the club.4．I remembered being a v olunteer in a primary school.5．I remembered w inning a prize three years ago.1．__E__ 2.__D__ 3.__C__ 4.__A__ 5.__B__Ⅱ.听对话及问题，选择正确答案。

(5分)听力材料：M：Hello.I'm Mike's father.I w ant to kno w if Mike is getting along w ell w ith his ne w classmates?W：V ery w ell.Mike is a friendly and helpful boy.E v eryone likes him.Q：What's Mike like?( C )6.A.Rude and lazy.B．Shy and handsome.C．Helpful and friendly.听力材料：M：Maria，w hat do you w ant to be in the future?W：Maybe I'll be a teacher.It w ould be a lot of fun.M：I think you w ould be happy w ith your students.W：Yes.I think so.Q：What does Maria think of becoming a teacher?( B )7.A.It's hard work. B．That would be interesting.C．She would have too many students.听力材料：M：Jane，nice to see you.W：Nice to see you，too.M：We ha v en't seen each other since w e graduated in 2000.How's everything going on?W：Pretty good.I'm a teacher now.I'm happy to be with my students.Q：Who are the two speakers?( B )8.A.Neighbours. B．Old classmates.C．A teacher and her student.听力材料：M：Excuse me，Miss Zhang.Ho w long ha v e you w orked in this school?W：Since I graduated from the teachers' college.M：When did you graduate?W：In 2003.Q：How long has Miss Zhang worked in this school?( B )9.A.In 2003.B．Since 2003.C．Before 2003.听力材料：W：Do you like singing，John?M：Yes，I like dancing，too.What about you，Maria?W：The same as you.Q：What does Maria like?( C )10.A.Singing. B．Dancing. C．Singing and dancing.Ⅲ.听对话，选择正确答案。

听力理解Test 14http:///res/2007-12-28/r291382.html请点击此地址下载播放器播放英语听力听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置；听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15.C. ￡9.18.答案是B。

1．Where does the conversation take place?A．In an office. B. In a dormitory. C. In a hotel.2．What will the man likely do next?A．Take a seat next to the woman.B．Read a magazine.C．Look for another place to sit down.3．What are these two people probably doing?A．Playing basketball.B．Shopping for gifts.C．Trying to find Allen.4．Who is the man called Gordon?A．A student. B. A teacher. C. A landlord.5．What can we learn about Barbara from this conversation?A．She is somewhat irresponsible.B．She already gave her presentation.C．She’ll miss Friday class.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。