2013年暨南大学考研真题211翻译硕士英语

2018年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ.Vocabulary&Grammar(30%)Directions:There are30sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.People and things that are_____are able to recover easily and quickly from unpleasant or damaging events.A.resilientB.silientC.silentD.resilent【答案】A【解析】句意：人也好，事物也好，承受能力强的都能很快从不愉快或者损坏自身的事件中恢复。

resilient能复原的；弹性的。

silent沉默的，无声的。

没有silient这一词汇。

没有resilent这一词汇。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

2.We all got a pay rise this month,but there is_____—we are expected to work longer.A.the sting in the tailB.a sting in the tailC.the sting at the topD.a sting at the top【答案】B【解析】句意：我们这月涨工资了，但是事情总有不尽如人意的地方，我们需要工作更长时间。

a sting in the tail为固定表达，意为“不尽如人意之处”。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

3.In education,girls,who were once considered_____a decent education,now outstrip their male counterparts at almost every stage.A.more worthy ofB.less worthy ofC.more worthD.less worth【答案】B【解析】句意：在教育领域，一度被认为不值得接受教育的女孩们，已经在各个领域全面赶超男性。

2015年暨南大学翻硕211英语真题汇总下面是凯程考研为大家分享的2015年暨南大学211翻译硕士英语真题，供大家参考，有需要的同学请保存。

目前正值第一轮基础复习，大家要有耐心哦。

2015年全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. I have planned to have the meeting today, but it has been __________ until next Monday.A. cancelledC. called offB. postponedD. transferred2. A __________ is a person who chooses to die rather than abandon his or her religious belief.A. heroC. martyrB. patriotD. traitor3. __________ is the way in which written material is arranged and prepared for printing.A. TypographyC. hand-writingB. calligraphyD. typeface4. __________ is a place where people who are in danger from other people can go to be safe.A. SanctuaryC. RelicsB. ParadiseD. Headquarter5. She decided to __________ the world and entered a convent.A. renounceC. reviveB. reproachD. revenge6. You describe a situation as a __________ when it involves two or more facts or qualities which seem to contradict each other.A. conflictC. provisionB. dilemmaD. paradox7. Don't make __________ comments out of ignorance. Don't make improper comments before you know the whole story.A. presumptuousC. harshB. quickD. easy8. Planets here show how and to what we are attached, and the degree of our __________.A. weightC. gravityB. relativityD. possessiveness9. The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to __________ that it was a car.A. examineC. ensureB. verifyD. testify10. Picking flowers in the park is absolutely __________.A. avoidedC. prohibitedB. rejectedD. repelled11. Obviously, the Chairman's remarks at the conference were __________ and not planned.A. substantialC. spontaneousB. simultaneousD. synthetic12. The professor's dedication to __________ earned him the respect of both his colleagues and students.A. teachC. being taughtB. be taughtD. teaching13. Do help yourself to some fruit, __________ you?A. can'tC. wouldn'tB. won'tD. don't14. She didn't __________ the door key to her landlord until she got back her deposit.A. hand inC. hand outB. hand downD. hand over15. You __________ me anything about it. I think it was none of my business.A. needn't have toldC. needn't tellB. mustn't have toldD. mustn't tell16. Jim was really rude to everyone in my party last night. It really __________ me __________.A. put …overC. put …offB. put …downD. put …up17. Please feel free to visit me whenever __________.A. you are convenientC. you will be convenientB. it is convenient to youD. it will be convenient to you18. I have been really __________ with the current situation in that country because my cousin was traveling there.A. worryingC. concernedB. involvedD. regretful19. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the housewife __________ to the president.A. as far asC. as long asB. as much asD. the same as20. Fat cannot change into muscle__________ muscle changes into fact.A. any more thanC. no less thanB. no more thanD. much more than21. While driving along the treacherous road, __________.A. my right rear tire blown outC. my right rear tire blows outB. I had my right rear tire blow outD. I had a blowout on my right rear tire22. Our friends said that they wouldn't mind __________.A. have a little light musicC. they have a little light musicB. to have a little light musicD. having a little light music23. __________ for his help, I'd never have been able to achieve such a success.A. If it were notC. If I had not beenB. Had it not beenD. Had it not24. Without facts, one cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for he needs to have factual knowledge __________ his thinking.A. to base on whichC. upon which to baseB. which to be based onD. which to base upon25. Science and common sense offer ways to minimize the risk of __________ climate change.A. devastatingC. demolishingB. mountingD. wrecking26. You may merely be __________ your own misery and unhappiness by comparing yourself to others.A. legitimizingC. optimizingB. validatingD. duplicating27. The storm left many parts of the island underwater and destroyed thousands of artifacts __________ from archaeological digs.A. recoveredC. exploitedB. retrievedD. rectified28. Chinese special envoy Zhang Yesui met Malaysia's Najib on Wednesday and called for "__________ efforts" to find the plane.A. fitfulC. everlastingB. unremittingD. sporadic29. According to state employment data, construction is by far the fastest growing industry in the state, __________ some job losses in the sector last month.A. thereforeC. neverthelessB. wherebyD. notwithstanding30. Most tiny houses are __________ for middle-class and wealthy families who made a conscious decision to "build better, not bigger".A. addressedC. tailoredB. reconciledD. weighed[page]II. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and then mark or write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (30%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution. (453 words)31. According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following waysEXCEPT to __________.A. speed up the creation of a solution to a problemB. identify a problemC. bring together disparate factsD. stipulate clear goals32. Which of the following does the passage suggest about the "writers on management" mentioned in paragraph 2?A. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.33. Which of the following best exemplifies "an 'Aha!' experience" (para. 3) as it is presented in the passage?A. A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.B. A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.C. A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.D. A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis.34. According to the passage, the classical model of decision analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT __________.A. evaluation of a problemB. creation of possible solutions to a problemC. establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionD. action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem35. According to the passage, which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?A. Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.B. Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.C. Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.Passage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:After evidence was obtained in the 1920s that the universe is expanding, it became reasonable to ask: Will the universe continue to expand indefinitely, or is there enough mass in it for the mutual attraction of its constituents to bring this expansion to a halt? It can be calculatedthat the critical density of matter needed to brake the expansion and "close" the universe is equivalent to three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter. But the density of the observable universe—luminous matter in the form of galaxies—comes to only a fraction of this. If the expansion of the universe is to stop, there must be enough invisible matter in the universe to exceed the luminous matter in density by a factor of roughly 70.Our contribution to the search for this "missing matter" has been to study the rotational velocity of galaxies at various distances from their center of rotation. It has been known for some time that outside the bright nucleus of typical spiral galaxy luminosity falls off rapidly with distance from the center. If luminosity were a true indicator of mass, most of the mass would be concentrated toward the center. Outside the nucleus the rotational velocity would decrease geometrically with distance from the center, in conformity with Kepler's law.Instead we have found that the rotational velocity in spiral galaxies either remains constant with increasing distance from the center or increases slightly. This unexpected result indicates that the falloff in luminous mass with distance from the center is balanced by an increase in nonluminous mass.Our findings suggest that as much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wave length with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth. Such dark matter could be in the form of extremely dim stars of low mass, of large planets like Jupiter, or of black holes, either small or massive. While it has not yet been determined whether this mass is sufficient to close the universe, some physicists consider it significant that estimates are converging on the critical value. (351 words)36. The passage is primarily concerned with __________.A. defending a controversial approachB. criticizing an accepted viewC. summarizing research findingsD. contrasting competing theories37. The authors' study indicates that, in comparison with the outermost regions of a typical spiral galaxy, the region just outside the nucleus can be characterized as having __________.A. higher rotational velocity and higher luminosityB. lower rotational velocity and higher luminosityC. lower rotational velocity and lower luminosityD. similar rotational velocity and higher luminosity38. The authors' suggestion that "as much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wave length with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth" would be most weakened if __________ were discovered to be true.A. Spiral galaxies are less common than types of galaxies that contain little nonluminous matter.B. Luminous and nonluminous matter are composed of the same basic elements.C. The bright nucleus of a typical spiral galaxy also contains some nonluminous matter.D. The density of the observable universe is greater than most previous estimates have suggested.39. It can be inferred from the passage that if the density of the universe were equivalent to significantly less than three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter, __________ would be true as a consequence.A. Luminosity would be a true indicator of mass.B. Different regions in spiral galaxies would rotate at the same velocity.C. The universe would continue to expand indefinitely.D. The density of the invisible matter in the universe would have to be more than 70 times the density of the luminous matter.40. The authors propose all of the following as possibly contributing to the "missing matter" in spiral galaxies EXCEPT __________.A. massive black holesB. small black holesC. small, dim starsD. massive starsPassage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Jon Clark's study of the effect of the modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance work and workers is a solid contribution to a debate that encompasses two lively issues in the history and sociology of technology: technological determinism and social constructivism.Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a technology have a decisive influence on job skills and work organization. Put more strongly, technology can be a primary determinant of social and managerial organization. Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman's analysis that emphasizes the way machinery reflects social choices. For Braverman, the shape of a technological system is subordinate to the manager's desire to wrest control of the labor process from the workers. Technological change is construed as the outcome of negotiations among interested parties who seek to incorporate their own interests into the design and configuration of the machinery. This position represents the new mainstream called social constructivism.The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism: technological determinists are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society. The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists by both theoretical and empirical arguments. Theoretically he defines "technology" in terms of relationships between social and technical variables. Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is just scrap unless it is organized functionally and supported by appropriate systems of operation and maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how a change at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semi electronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization of workers. Some changes Clark attributes to the particular way management and labor unions negotiated the introduction of the technology, whereas others are seen as arising from the capabilities and nature of the technology itself.Thus Clark helps answer the question: "When is social choice decisive and when are the concrete characteristics of technology more important?" (363 words)41. The primary purpose of the passage is to __________.A. advocate a more positive attitude toward technological changeB. discuss the implications for employees of the modernization of a telephone exchangeC. consider a successful challenge to the constructivist view of technological changeD. challenge the position of advocates of technological determinism42. Which of the following statements about the modernization of the telephone exchange is supported by the passage?A. The new technology reduced the role of managers in labor negotiations.B. The modernization was implemented without the consent of the employees directly affected by it.C. The modernization had an impact that went significantly beyond maintenance routines.D. Some of the maintenance workers felt victimized by the new technology.43. Which of the following most accurately describes Clark's opinion of Braver man's position?A. He respects its wide-ranging popularity.B. He disapproves of its misplaced emphasis on the influence of managers.C. He admires the consideration it gives to the attitudes of the workers affected.D. He is concerned about its potential to impede the implementation of new technologies.44. The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that __________ would be true if social constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance.A. Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social consequences of their actions.B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.C. Businesses would be less likely to understand the attitudes of employees affected by modernization.D. Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.45. According to the passage, which of the following did constructivists employ to promote their argument?A. Empirical studies of business situations involving technological changeB. Citation of managers supportive of their positionC. Construction of hypothetical situations that support their viewD. Contrasts of their view with a misstatement of an opposing viewSection B Short-Answer Questions (10%)Passage 4Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:In Winters v. United States (1908), the Supreme Court held that the right to use waters flowing through or adjacent to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation was reserved to American Indians by the treaty establishing the reservation. Although this treaty did not mention water rights, the Court ruled that the federal government, when it created the reservation, intended to deal fairly with American Indians by reserving for them the waters without which their lands would have been useless. Later decisions, citing Winters, established that courts can find federal rights to reserve water for particular purposes if (1) the land in question lies within an enclave under exclusive federal jurisdiction, (2) the land has been formally withdrawn from federal public lands —., withdrawn from the stock of federal lands available for private use under federal land uselaws—and set aside or reserved, and (3) the circumstances reveal the government intended to reserve water as well as land when establishing the reservation.Some American Indian tribes have also established water rights through the courts based on their traditional diversion and use of certain waters prior to the United States' acquisition of sovereignty. For example, the Rio Grande pueblos already existed when the United States acquired sovereignty over New Mexico in 1848. Although they at that time became part of the United States, the pueblo lands never formally constituted a part of federal public lands; in any event, no treaty, statute, or executive order has ever designated or withdrawn the pueblos from public lands as American Indian reservations. This fact, however, has not barred application of the Winters doctrine. What constitutes an American Indian reservation is a question of practice, not of legal definition, and the pueblos have always been treated as reservations by the United States. This pragmatic approach is buttressed by Arizona v. California (1963), where in the Supreme Court indicated that the manner in which any type of federal reservation is created does not affect the application to it of the Winters doctrine. Therefore, the reserved water rights of Pueblo Indians have priority over other citizens' water rights as of 1848, the year in which pueblos must be considered to have become reservations.46. What rights did the treaty establishing the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation fail to identify for its inhabitants?47. What does the passage imply from the only criteria for establishing a reservation's water rights, as discussed in underlined part of the first paragraph?48. What is the relationship between Arizona v. California and the criteria in the Winters doctrine?49. What is the "pragmatic approach" defined as?50. For what purpose does the author cite the fact that the Rio Grande pueblos were never formally withdrawn from public lands?III. Writing (30%)Directions: In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400 words within 60 minutes on the topic of online anti-corruption. Write your essay on the Answer Sheet.Chinese netizens are embracing "online anti-corruption", a sign of the China's endeavor to fight wrongdoing. As reported, a large number of Chinese officials have been removed from their posts due to corruption or misconduct after investigations arising from initial clues provided by internet users. What do you think about it? You should clearly state your main argument and support it with appropriate details.。

2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总2013翻译硕士各校真题汇总2013考研已经过去，各种尘埃即将落定。

先把各个学校的真题回忆版本汇总给后来人一个复习方向。

也算给考研生活画上一个圆满的句号。

感谢网友的及时回忆，谢谢给位的奉献。

欢迎补充！愿各位取的好成绩！1、2013复旦大学MTI专业课真题回忆版基础英语。

今年的基础英语稍微有些变化，第一题仍然是无选项完型，20个空，第二题是改错，和第一题是属于一篇文章的，二十行二十个错误，第三题是词汇和语法，词汇题比去年增加了不少，第四题是阅读理解四篇一共15个小题，最后一篇稍微有些深度，上来第一句是boresom 其实是讲现代社会摧毁理性和真理的。

然后作文25分就最后一篇阅读理解发表一下自己的看法。

翻译。

背了一堆翻译词汇今年竟然一个词汇翻译都没有，就一个汉译英70分与一个英译汉80分。

英译汉是一篇医学文章，里面什么胆囊啊肠啊的生词一大堆。

汉译英是文言文啊亲，我旦不学好啊，跟着北大学考文言文额。

原文如下：世有三乐，真乐也。

一曰人伦之乐，二曰心地之乐，三曰讲习之乐。

孟子曰：“父母俱存，兄弟无故，一乐也。

”此人伦之乐也；“仰不愧于天，俯不怍于人，二乐也。

”此心地之乐也；“得天下英才而教育之，三乐也。

”此讲习之乐也。

人伦之乐自父母兄弟之外，妻室欲其同甘苦，子孙欲其师教，宗族欲其和睦，女之适人者欲其得所归结，自人伦而推之，有一败人意则非乐也。

心地之乐岂止俯仰无愧怍而已，其道德必与圣贤合、与天地并，可也；道德未同乎圣贤、未同乎天地，不可以已也。

讲习之乐何止于得英才而教育，凡学问德行之有胜乎吾者，吾方且师之，虽受人之教育亦乐矣。

此三者，天下之真乐。

不此之乐，而以外物为乐，乐未一二，而忧已八九。

世俗以为乐，识者不贵也。

百科知识中国四大发明，欧债危机，金砖四国，莫言，生态难民，莎士比亚，君主立宪制，euro tunnel，thedeclaration of independence，DNA，伦敦奥运会，秦始皇陵兵马俑，论语，大中华文库，Encyclopedia Britannica，a nation on wheels，还有一个masps 还是什么的这个不知道，数了数17个还有8个想不起来了，这个是一个2分，一共五十分。

2013 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns.We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] copy [C] provide [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Because [C] Until [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] ease [D] raise15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D]displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] unclear [D] uncommon17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] call for [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] cope with20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] trail [D] pathSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software,cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, ne w technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] adopt an average lifestyle[B] work on cheap software[C] ask for a moderate salary[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to advance economic globalization[C] to ensure more education for people[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] Technology Goes Cheap[B] New Law Takes Effect[C] Recession Is Bad[D] Average Is OverText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “Uccelli di passaggio ,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, homehealth-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] stay in a foreign temporarily.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] immigrate across the Atlantic.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixed via political means.[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] the freedom to stay and leave.[D] opportunities to get regular jobs.[A] as faithful partners.[B] with regal tolerance.[C] with economic favors.[D] as mighty rivals.[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapi d stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing,Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it ha sn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] vary according to the urgency of the situation32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] think before we act[C] do as people usually do[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘thin sliced’study[C] adequate information[D] sensible explanation35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] optimistic[C] uncertain[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe's top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considereda failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the q uotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I unders tand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When w omen do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a response to Reding’s c all[C] a reluctant choice[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The auth or’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Shopkeepers are your friends[B] Remember to treat yourself[C] Stick to what you need[D] Live like a peasant[E] Balance your diet[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ?60 a week to spend, ?40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ?130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42_______________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarketchiller.43______________________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - ?1.75 a week for three months gives you ?21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's ?16.95 there - or ?12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’sharder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical paly Ham opened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.47 .Writingsuppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2)encourage them to participate 100 words use Liming. Don't write your address.48 Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should(1)interpret the chart ,and(2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words.2013 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）答案1．【答案】A However【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。

第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。

第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的安全隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。

二、试题解析1．【答案】A （However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。

B. moreover 表递进C.therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表对比2．【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。

事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。

A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选 D. around 出现。

3．【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。

4．【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中 A. reward 奖励 B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有 D 选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。

暨南大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第一部分百科知识{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}(一)从四个选项中选择正确的一项。

{{/B}}(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.《清明上河图》，中国十大传世名画之一，是北宋画家______的杰作。

∙ A.米芾∙ B.张择端∙ C.郭熙∙ D.吴道子（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 《清明上河图》是中国十大传世名画之一，是北宋画家张择端仅见的存世精品，被誉为“中华第一神品”，属国宝级文物，现藏于北京故宫博物院。

2.“低碳”是指______。

∙ A.减少碳水化合物∙ B.减少二氧化碳排放∙ C.减少一氧化碳排放∙ D.减少碳金属（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 低碳，意指较低(更低)的温室气体(二氧化碳为主)排放。

减少排放二氧化碳的生活则叫做低碳生活。

3.在“精卫填海”的故事里，“精卫”是______。

∙ A.一个巨人∙ B.一只鸟∙ C.一条大鱼∙ D.一条龙（分数：1.00）A.B. √D.解析：[解析] “精卫填海”的故事，出自中国上古奇书《山海经》。

相传太阳神炎帝有两个女儿，大女儿的名字叫瑶姬，小女儿的名字叫女娃。

因久居天宫无聊，有一天，女娃驾船游东海而溺，其不平的精灵化作花脑袋，白嘴壳，红色爪子的一种鸟，栖息在发鸠山，发出“精卫”“精卫”的悲鸣，人们便将此鸟叫作精卫鸟。

精卫衔草石由发鸠山飞往东海投入，誓言要填平东海。

4.古代六艺，“礼、乐、射、御、书、数”中的“御”是指______。

∙ A.舞蹈∙ B.下棋∙ C.武术∙ D.驾车（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 西周的学校实行“六艺”教育，所谓“六艺”是指礼(道德合礼仪规范)、乐(举行各种仪式时的音乐舞蹈)、射(射箭)、御(驾车)、书(书写)、数(计算)。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgment which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorized that a judges 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviews had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five .This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or herDr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.1.[A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2.[A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D]external3.[A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]moment4.[A]For example [B]On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5.[A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D]thoughtless6.[A]in [B]on [C]to [D]for7.[A]if [B]until [C]though [D]unless8.[A]promote [B]emphasize [C]share [D]test9.[A]decision [B]quality [C]status [D]success10.[A]chosen [B]studied [C]found [D]identified11. [A]exceptional [B]defensible [C]replaceable [D]otherwise12. [A]inspired [B]expressed [C]conducted [D]secured13. [A]assigned [B]rated [C]matched [D]arranged14. [A]put [B]got [C]gave [D]took15. [A]instead [B]then [C]ever [D]rather16. [A]selected [B]passed [C]marked [D]introduced17. [A]before [B]after [C]above [D]below18. [A]jump [B]flat [C]drop [D]fluctuate19. [A]achieve [B]undo [C]maintain [D]disregard20. [A]promising [B]possible [C]necessary [D]helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers tosee clothes as disposal— meant to last only a wash or two, alth ough they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ______.[A] poor bargaining skill [B] insensitivity to fashion[C] obsession with high fashion [D] lack of imagination22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to ______.[A] combat unnecessary waste [B] shut out the feverish fashion world[C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shop for their garments more frequently23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] V anity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to ______.[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to ______.[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ______.[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers [D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of ______.[A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species’place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by ______.[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are ______.[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ______.[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote，the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Construction, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset. The balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v United States ，the majority overturned three of the four contested provision of Arizena’s controversial plan plan to have states and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Construction principles that Washington alone has power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede states laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state polices that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthory Kennedy，joined by Chief Justice John Robrts and the Court’s liberals，ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. on the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However，the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement .That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities ,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter .In effect, the White House claimed that it claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. The provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they ______.[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers[B]disturbed the power balance between different states[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law[D]contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A]Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information[B]States’ independence from federal immigration law[C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts ______.[A]violated the Constitution [B]undermined the states’ interests[C]supported the federal statute [D]stood in favor of the states39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement ______.[A] Outweighs that held by the states [B] Is dependent on the states’ support[C] Is established by federal statutes [D] Rarely goes against state laws40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a millionprofessional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)__________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)__________This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004, (43)__________ When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)__________ this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) __________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem- oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate-varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;(46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which isa distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New Y ork City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. ADCAB 6-10. BADDA 11-15. DCBDB 16-20. CACBCSection II Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. BDADC 26-30. BDCAD 31-35. BADCC 36-40. CCDAD Part B (10 points) 41-45. EFBGCSection ⅢTranslation (10 points)46. 然而，当人们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的花园的照片时，人们能会深深的震撼。

暨南大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ. Word Translation (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A: English to Chinese(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.EU（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：欧盟(European Union)2.WPC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：世界和平理事会(World Peace Council)3.OPEC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)4.NASA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)CG（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美国海岸警卫队(United States Coast Guard)6.FTA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：自由贸易区(Free Trade Area)7.TPP（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership)8.America"s "Return to the Asian-Pacific"（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美国重返亚太地区9.Association of Southeast Asian Nations（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：东南亚国家联盟10.International Atomic Energy Agency（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际原子能组织11.currency manipulator（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：货币操纵国12.International Translation Day（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际翻译日13.National Missile Defense（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国家导弹防御系统14.power abuse（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：滥用职权-Japan Security Treaty（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：《美日安全保障条约》三、Section B: Chinese to English(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.国务院侨务办公室（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council17.国家文物局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Administration of Cultural Heritage18.国家烟草专卖局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau19.国家宗教事务局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Administration for Religious Affairs20.西方七国首脑会议（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：G7 Summit21.岗位培训（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：on-the-job training22.海洋资源（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：marine resources23.民生（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：people"s livelihood24.差额选举（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：a marginal election25.建立市场导向的就业机制（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：establish a market-oriented employment mechanism26.资源节约型与环境保护型社会（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：resource-conservative and environment-friendly society27.文化逆差（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：cultural deficit28.《三国演义》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Romance of the Three Kingdoms29.《十面埋伏》(古曲)（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Chu King Unarming30.逾期贷款（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：overdue loan四、Ⅱ. Passage Translation (总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A: English to Chinese(总题数：1，分数：60.00)31.A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain, "If I steal a nickel"s worth of merchandize, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another man"s wife, I am free." This is a prevalent misconception in many people"s minds—that love, like merchandize, can be "stolen". Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for "alienation of affections".But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is anact of the will, turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality.When a husband or wife is "stolen" by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The "love bandit" was only taking what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken.We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of children "belonging" to their parents. But nobody "belongs" to anyone else. Each person belongs to himself and to God. Children are entrusted to their parents, and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has the right to remove them from their parents" trusteeship.Many of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken away from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruder—but as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that "caused" the break, but the lack of a real relationship.On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a "third party". This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has "come between" oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, for people are not the captive of victims of others—they are free agents, working out their own destinies for good or for ill.But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from him—and so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to the interloper. He calls him hypnotist or a thief or a home-breaker. In the majority of cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any "third party" has appeared on the scene.（分数：60.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：一位来自佛罗里达州的读者来信向我抱怨，他似乎有过什么受伤的经历。

2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：外国语言文学研究方向：英语语言文学及应用语言学考试科目名称:706外语（英）水平考试I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are4choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1．Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as________by themselves are notscience.A collects information and performs experimentsB)collecting information and performing experiments factsC)collecting informations and performing experimentD)collects informations and perform experiment2．Aside from perpetuating itself,the________purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Artsand Letters is to"foster,assist and sustain an interest"in literature,music,and art.A honorable B)sole C)common D)official3．Archaeological records–paintings,drawings,and carvings of humans engaged in activities involvingthe use of hands–indicate that humans have been________right-handed for more than5,000years.A)predominantly B)precautiously C)disciplinarily D)symmetrically4．Plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances,such as resins,tannins,glycosides,and alkaloids,many of________are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants.A)them B)that C)which D)who5．The system no longer had much interest________nontraditional new and extra services to olderyouths.A)on offering B)in offering C)offer D)offers6．These writers who can genuinely be said to have created a genre,the"railroad novel"arenow mostlyforgotten,their names________memory.A)disappear from B)disappeared C)faded from D)having faded from7．The engine that became standard on western steamboats was of a different and________design.A)origin B)source C)fiction D)novel8．The high-pressure engine was________lighter in proportion to horsepower,and with less than half as many moving parts was much easier and cheaper to repair.A)more B)better C)far D)most9．The word laser was________as an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation.A)coined B)discovered C)composed D)mentioned10．Being so educable,individual birds have markedly different interests and________,strategies and scams.A)inclinations B)tricks C)opportunities D)experiences11．There has been a(n)________of violent attacks in the area in the past few months.A)amount B)total C)number D)quality12．It is all very well to blame traffic jam,the cost of petrol and the fast pace of modem life,but manners on the roads are becoming________.A.seriousB.more temptingC.deplorableD.noticeable13．The faculty members were upset when they heard that the project______have to be abandoned. A)might B)should C)need D)shall14．As computer security systems become even more advanced,______the methods of those who try to break into them illegally.A)so too do B)so much do C)as much as D)as well as15．Graduate school and college are similar_________you have to choose a field of study and do in-depth research.A)in that B)for that C)for which D)in which16．He doesn’t eat pork,but______that he’ll eat just about anything.A)rather than B)no more than C.other than D.no longer than17．Thomas Edison was responsible for many_____in addition to the light bulb.A)intentions B)imaginations C)instructions D)innovations18．Following the same rules all these years,the company is_______to any form of change.A)resolved B)resistant C)restricted D)reserved19．Urban Japanese have long endured________commutes and crowded living conditions,but as the old group and family values weaken,the discomfort is beginning to tell.A)exclusive B)extended C)external D)exterior20．If a man________,what's the best course of action you should take?A)stands you off B)shows you up C)shows you off D)stands you up21．He had an________habit of emptying ash trays out of his upstairs window onto our doorstep.A)objectionable B)afflicting C)uneducated D)offending22．The jury________him of having committed the robbery and he was then sentenced to five years’imprisonment.A)accused B)charged C)convicted D)acquitted23．The good news is that as long as people infected with HIV keep taking the triple-drug________,they have an excellent chance of surviving the infection for a long time.A)antigen B)cocktail C)microbe D)therapy24．The tax cuts are good news for the rich,but the poor________again.A)lose on B)lose down C)lose out D)lose up25．The new strain of CJD was________in another case,bringing the total of suspected victims to13.A)implicated B)implanted C)imposed D)implemented26．In some people’s opinion,this epidemic of the mad-cow disease has been at best a clumsy mistake of the British government,but some of the opponents scolded it as a________.A)disaster B)disappointment C)discredit D)disgrace27．You must________your old passport when applying for a new one.A)resign B)surrender C)abandon D)quit28．The floor was unsafe,as some of the floor-boards had________away.A)damaged B)destroyed C)rotted D)wasted29．Except for some colleges________by the Catholic church,all colleges and universities in the United States,public and private,are governed by a board of trustees composed primarily of laymen.A)elevated B)granted C)patented D)sponsored30．To the frustration of Hispanic publishers,advertising agencies often treat Spanish-language or bilingual newspapers as________in their marketing plans.A)afterthoughts B)advantages C)disturbances D)penetrationsII.Proof-reading and Error Correction（10points）In this much-travelled world,there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.We always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable.But people who are cut off not onlyfrom foreign tourists,but even their own countrymen can be hostile to travelers.Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable--as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans. We had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity.These attracted many visitors,for they were not only great architectural interest,but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well.On the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town.This was more than we could bear,we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside.Taken a path which led out of the town,we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood.We expected the path to end abruptly,but we found that it traced its way through the trees.We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream.We could see that the path continued on the other side,but we had no idea how we could get across the stream.Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank.In it there was a boatman fast sleep. We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side. Though he was reluctant to do so at first,but we eventually persuaded him to take us. The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain. The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses.Even under a clear blue sky,the village looked forbidding,as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks.The village seemed deserted,the only sign of life was an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby.Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field,we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch.All at once,I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm.Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate.We offered them food and spoke to them kindly,but they remained motionlessly.I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers.When we later walked down the main street of the villager,we were followed by a silent procession of children.The village which had seemed deserted immediately coming to life.Faces appeared at windows.Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us.Old women in black shawls peered at us from doorways.The most frightening thing of all was not a sound could be heard.There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors.We needed no further warning.Turning back down the main street,we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.1._______________2._______________3._______________4._______________5._______________6._______________7._______________8._______________9._______________10._______________III.Cloze（20points）Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each bland there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D)on the right side of the paper You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves,__1__we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labor.No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer,for these are countless do-it-yourself publications.___2___the right tools and materials,newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.Men,particularly,spend hours of their leisure time installing their own fireplaces,laying out their own gardens;building garages and making furniture.Some really keen enthusiasts___3___build their own computers. Shops cater___4___the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices,but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home.Such things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creative energy,but unfortunately not all of us are___5___handymen.Some wives___6___believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and can fix anything.Even men who can ___7___drive a nail in straight are supposed to be born electricians,carpenters,plumbers and mechanics.When lights fuse,furniture gets rickety,pipes get clogged,or vacuum cleaners___8___to operate,some woman assume that their husbands will somehow put things right.The worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is___9___ sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything,even when they have repeatedly been proved___10___.It is a question of pride as much as anything else.Last spring my wife suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawn mower.It had broken down the previous summer,and___11___I promised to repair it,I had never got round to it.I would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it___12___.One Saturday afternoon,I hauled the machine into the garden and had a close look at it.___13___I could see,it needed only a minor adjustment:a turn of a screw here,a little tightening up there,a drop of oil and it would be as good as new.Inevitably the repair job was not quite so simple.The mower firmly refused to mow,___14___I decided to dismantle it.The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal ___15___had once made up a lawn mower.But I was extremely pleased with myself.I had traced the cause of the trouble.One of links in the chain that drives the wheels___16___.After___17___a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again.I was not___18___to find that the machine still refused to work after I had reassembled it,for the simple reason___19___I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere.I gave up in despair.The weeks passed and the grass grew.When my wife nagged me to do something about it,I told her that either I would have to buy a new mower___20___let the grass grow.Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle.Buried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn mower which I have promised to repair one day.1.A)that B)which C)as D)because2.A)Arming with B)Armed with C)Arm with D)Having armed withA)go as to B)go far to C)go as far as to D)go so far as to3.A)to B)through C)for D)off4.A)born B)bear C)borned D)bearing5.A)intend to B)tend to C)tendence to D)extend to6.A)hard B)hardly C)harden D)hardlessly7.A)keep B)succeed C)fail D)go8.A)although B)what C)because D)that9.A)wrong B)wrongly C)rightly D)right10.A)though B)of course C)in that note D)as a rule11.A)for myself B)to myself C)on myself D)myself12.A)For B)As far as C)What D)From13.A)which B)so C)but D)as a result14.A)they B)surprisingly C)astonishedly D)which15.A)been snapped B)had snapped C)snapping D)having snapped16.A)bought B)buying C)buy D)being bought17.A)surprise B)surprising C)surprised D)surprisingly18.A)why B)as C)as far as D)that19.A)or B)to C)so as to D)not toPart IV Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are3passages in this part.Each of the passages is followed by5questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are4choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneHooked On AngerWhen There Was Good Reason,Now We Can't Shake The HabitAnger has become the national habit.You see it on the sullen faces of fashion models who have obviously been told that anger sells.It pours out of the radio all day.Washington journalism hams snarl and shout at each other on television.Generations exchange sneers on TV and printed page.Ordinary people abuse congressmen and president with shockingly personal insults.America is angry at Washington,angry at the press,angry at immigrants,angry at television,angry at traffic,angry at people who are well off and angry at people who are poor,angry at blacks and angry at whites.The old are angry at the young,the young angry at the old.Suburbs are angry at cities,cities are angry at suburbs, and rustic America is angry at both whenever urban and suburban intruders threaten the peaceful rustic sense of having escaped from God's Angry Land.Enough:A complete catalogue of the varieties of bile would fill a library.The question is why.Why has anger become a reflexive response to the inevitable vagaries of national life?Living perpetually at the boiling point seems to leave the country depressed and pessimistic.Studythose scowling models wearing the latest clothes in the Sunday papers and magazines.What a pity to waste such lovely newclothes on people so incapable of happiness.The popularity of anger is doubly puzzling,not only because the American habit even in the worst of times has been mindless optimism,but also because there is relatively little nowadays for the nation to be angry about.The country happily re-elected President Eisenhower in1956because it believed his campaign boast about giving it peace.The"peace"was life under the endless threat of nuclear devastation.By contrast the country now,at last,really does enjoy peace,and if the prosperity is not so solid as it was in the 1950s,American wealth is still the world's vastest.So,with real peace and prosperity,what's to be furious about?The explanation,I suspect,is that the country got itself hooked on anger long ago when there was very good reason for anger and can't shake the habit.Massive,irritating and even scary expressions of it were vital in shaking an obdurate government,contemptuous of public opinion,from its determination to pursue war ad infinitum in Vietnam.Massive,irritating and even scary expressions of anger-from Americans both black and white-were needed for the triumph of Martin Luther King and the civil rights movement.But what monumental struggle confronts us now?Giving young black people a stake in America is our most pressing problem,but nobody shouts much about that.Most other problems are so unmonumental that we might think the times ripe for greatness:an era of civility conducive to good feeling among neighbors of all races and persuasions.It's easy to imagine the cries of rage from a people habituated to crying rage:Are women not oppressed by glass ceilings?Do black Americans not suffer the disrespect of a racist world?Who dares talk of prosperity when the wealth is distributed so unfairly?True,all true.These are exceedingly complex problems not amenable to solution by red-hot anger.Politically minded people concerned with these issues have always known that low-grade anger must be maintained,that political feet must be kept to the fire,that the squeaky wheel gets the grease,and so on.The high-intensity fury now seething through the land on these and a hundred other issues,however,doesn't seem focused on any social or economic goal.It's as though the nation got mad as hell a long time ago,got good results, and now can't shake the habit.1)Baker is puzzled by so many expressions of anger because________.A)of traditional mindlessnessB)the United States enjoys relative peace and prosperityC)there is little for the nation to be angry aboutD)both B and C2)Baker points out that the United States under President Eisenhower had________.A)a fear of nuclear devastationB)people angry at Congress and WashingtonC)considerable racial tensionD)both A and B3)Baker believes that anger helped bring about________.A the end of the Vietnam WarB)the election of Dwight D.EisenhowerC)the triumph of the civil rights movementD)both A and C4)He believes our most pressing problem today is________.A)depression and pessimismB)our economyC)improving opportunity for young black peopleD)peaceful coexistence with other nations5)The author is surprised that________.A)today is not a time of greatnessB)we do not show great civility to one anotherC)this is not a golden age of progressD)all of the abovePassage TwoScience and TechnologyOptimism and empowerment.As the century drew to a close,the potential for human invention and understanding appeared boundless.Scientific understanding expanded daily,from the fundamental building blocks of matter to the source code of all life to the origins,and perhaps the eventual demise,of the universe.The technological advances of the1990s ushered in what appeared to be a social and economic revolution that would rival the Industrial Revolution two centuries earlier,creating a new society of technologically connected citizens with a world of digitized information,commerce,and communication at its fingertips.The new"Digital Age", represented by the"Information Superhighway"was not all-inclusive,threatened to leave many behind,including older citizens and those who could not afford the new technology.Still,by1999more than three-quarters of the U. S.population was"plugged in"to the new digital society,and most Americans felt that technological advances were improving their quality of life.Optimism was the reigning tone of the decade.New advances in science and technology seemed to promise eventual solutions to problems ranging from eliminating toxic waste to grocery shopping—genetic engineers developed microbes that would eat industrial sludge and researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's(MIT)Media Lab worked to devise a refrigerator that could sense when it was out of milk and use the Internet to order more.The1990s allayed the fear that a technologicallyadvanced society was necessarily heavily centralized,with Big Brother watching every move.Instead,with the creation of the Internet and the World Wide Web,and their emphasis on decentralization,equality,and the open sharing ofresources,many individuals found that greater access to information increased their sense of personal freedom and power.Ethics and the Natural.With the explosion of knowledge came public concern over where all of these new discoveries and technologies might be taking society.The cloning of an animal in1997suggested that human cloning had become viable as well,raising concerns—no longer quite theoretical—that humanity might be moving toward a"brave new world"of genetically engineered people.The Human Genome Project,launched in 1990with a mission to decode the entire human genetic makeup,held promises for an end to genetic disorders, but threatened to open the way for"designer babies",who could be genetically altered to suit their parents' wishes.While many argued that plant and animal breeders had been fooling around with genetics for centuries in order to better the lot of humankind,others pointed out that new advances in genetics allowed researchers to cross boundaries set by nature,implanting human genes in animals in order to turn them into medicine factories, creating plants that produced plastics and glowed in the dark,even attempting to create“terminator"seeds that stifled their own reproductive capacity in order to maintain the seed manufacturer's cash flow.The question of what was"natural"came under serious consideration,as no aspect of the environment and the organisms in it seemed safe from genetic tinkering.Yet,while experiments with human cloning or customizing a child's genetic makeup seemed abhorrent to most Americans,there was general support for genetic research that could help to identify and cure genetic diseases or make food sources healthier and more plentiful for a growing global population.Privacy.Privacy was an overarching concern with many of the technological and scientific advances of the1990s. The Internet was an amazing new tool for sharing information,yet it was also a powerful means for finding information that was intended to be private,including government and military secrets,the source codes to proprietary software,and even a neighbor's social security panies and individuals alike worried that their private information would be compromised when sophisticated computer technologists could"hack"into protected computer systems and erase or steal important puter viruses,self-replicating codes written by malicious individuals,could steal into personal computer systems through e-mail or the Web and wreak havoc with the data stored there.Protecting privacy over the Internet was not easy,and many people worried that government attempts to intervene would only cripple the development of the Internet.Similar fears were sparked when concerned groups lobbied the government to outlaw pornography and other disturbing materials on the Web in the name of"protecting the children".While most Americans agreed that children should not be exposed to such material,attempts to regulate the content of individual Web pages and newsgroups conflicted with the idea of the Internet as an open,decentralized mass medium,where even the most absurd or repellant ideas could receive a hearing.Digital surveillance in the workplace also became an issue,as some companies spied on their workers'use of the Internet and e-mail.Genetics and Privacy.Advances in genetics also threatened personal privacy.With the Human Genome Project scheduled to be finished early in the twenty-first century,and private companiescompeting to win patents on genetic discoveries,many individuals worried about what scientists might do with a complete understanding of the human genetic code.While genetic diseases could be discovered and perhaps cured,this information might also be used to discriminate against people predisposed to certain genetic malfunctions,or to group individuals based on their genetic data.The idea that scientists would own patents on the human genetic code was disturbing, as well,as it meant that human life could become a proprietary resource.Big Science And Little Science.The National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)continued to wow the world,sending the giant Hubble Telescope into orbit to gather and transmit never-before-seen images of deep space that offered increasingly tantalizing clues to the origins of the universe.The search for extraterrestrial life continued during the decade,as NASA scientists found possible evidence of bacterial life in a meteor from Mars, and distant planets were discovered that might contain water.NASA sent space probes to land on the surface of Mars,sent national hero John Herschel Glenn Jr.back into space to study aging,and made plans to build an International Space Station with research teams from other countries.Still,some critics wondered if all of the money spent on space research might not be better used to fund new discoveries here on Earth,almost as if the diversion of space was no longer as necessary when there were so many new and interesting projects going on right here.One of the most fascinating new realms of study was nanotechnology,a field of research that attempted to manipulate matter at the molecular level,building new devices atom by atom that could be used in miniaturized manufacturing,drug-delivery system,and tiny minicomputers.With the discovery of a new family of carbon molecules known as fullerenes,nanotechnology researchers had a new raw material to work with.The science was still very experimental at the turn of the century,but researchers and government officials saw great potential for this science of the tiny.6)This article is mainly about_____.A)how to tackle the problems in the new"Digital Age"B)the direction of scientific and technological developmentC)both the positive and negative effects of the technological advancesD)the great impact on our ethics and privacy brought by the technological advances7)The phrase"plugged in"in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_____.A)interested in B)accustomed to C)fascinated by D)connected to8)Concerned about the potential effect of the Human Genome Project,most Americans would_____.A)welcome human cloning to improve their standard of livingB)support the genetic research which could help to cure genetic diseasesC)welcome creating plants that produced plastics and glowed in the darkD)support making genetically altered babies to suit their parents'wishes9)The development of genetic science might threaten personal privacy in that_____.A)the data of the people with genetic diseases will be publishedB)people may be treated differently based on their genetic dataC)patents on the human genetic code will bring scientists enormous profitsD)scientists will use information about human life for personal gains10)What is the critics'attitude towards the large scale of space research as mentioned in the last paragraph?A)They believe that such a research would be a waste of resources.B)They doubt its necessity because there are new and interesting projects on Earth.C)They are concerned that space research would prove to be fruitless.D)They believe that space research is not so important as nanotechnology.Passage ThreeAn upsurge of new research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brainpower than previously thought.If animals do have intelligence,how do scientists measure it?Before defining animals'intelligence, scientists defined what is not intelligence.Instinct is not intelligence.It is a skill programmed into an animal's brain by its genetic heritage.Rote conditioning is also not intelligence.Tricks can be learned by repetition,but no real thinking is involved.Cuing,in which animals learn to do or not to do certain things by following outside signals, does not demonstrate intelligence.Scientists believe that insight,the ability to use tools,and communication using human language are all effective measures of the mental ability of animals.When judging animal intelligence,scientists look for insight,which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree,she noticed crates scattered about the lawn near the tree. She piled the crates into a pyramid,then climbed on them to reach her reward.The gorilla's insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error.The ability to use tools is also an important sign of intelligence.Crows use sticks to pry peanuts out of cracks.The crow exhibits intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do.Likewise,otters use rocks to crack open crab shells in order to get at the meat.In a series of complex moves,chimpanzees have been known to use sticks and stalks in order to get at a favorites snack---termites.To make and use a termite tool,a chimp first selects just the right stalk or twig.He trims and shapes the stick,then finds the entrance to a termite mound.While inserting the stick carefully into the entrance,the chimpanzee turns it skillfully to fit the inner tunnels.The chimp attracts the insects by shaking the twig.Then it pulls the tool out without scraping off any termites.Finally,he uses his lips to skim the termites into his mouth.Many animals have learned to communicate using human language.One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than250abstract symbols on a keyboard.These symbols represent human words.An amazing parrot can distinguish five objects of two different types.He can understand the difference between the number,color,and kind of object.The ability to classify is a basic thinking skill.He seems to use language to express his needs and emotions.When ill and taken to the animal hospital for his first overnight stay,this parrot turned to go.“Come here!”he cried to a scientist who works with him.“I love you.I’m sorry.Wanna go back?”The research on animal intelligence raises important questions.If animals are smarter than oncethought,would that change the way humans interact with them?Would humans stop hunting them for sport or survival?Would animals still be used for food,clothing,or medical experimentation?Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult puzzle even for a large-brained,problem-solving species like our own.11.As is mentioned in Paragraph1,“tricks”played by animals may be________.A.a sign of intelligenceB.a sign of instinctC.learned through trainingD.programmed in their brain at birth12.Crows’using sticks to get nuts out of cracks illustrates_________.。